Thank you so much. Everybody please have a seat. Have a seat. It is great to be back in Falls Church. Thank you for having me. 非常感谢。大家请坐。请坐。很高兴回到福尔斯丘奇。谢谢你们邀请我。
Last week, in my State of the Union, I laid out my blueprint for an economy that's built to last. And I want to assure you I am not going to go over the whole thing again this morning. That was a long speech. I'm not going to repeat the whole thing. 上周在国情咨文演讲中，我提出了建设一个经久不衰的经济蓝图。我想向你们保证，今天上午我不会把整个内容再重复一遍。那次演讲很长。我不会全部重复。
But I do want to talk about some of the issues that I discussed last week because the blueprint we put forward was one that focuses on restoring what have always been this country's greatest strengths -- American manufacturing, American energy, skills and education for American workers so that we can compete with anybody around the world in this 21st century economy, and most importantly, the American values of fairness and responsibility. Fairness and responsibility. 但我确实想谈谈上周讨论的一些问题，因为我们提出的蓝图聚焦于恢复这个国家一直以来最伟大的优势——美国制造业、美国能源、为美国工人提供的技能和教育，使我们能在二十一世纪经济中与世界上任何人竞争，最重要的是，美国的公平与责任价值观。公平与责任。
Now, we know what happens, because we've just seen it -- what happened when we stray from those values. We saw what happened over the past decade when we strayed from those values -- especially when it comes to the massive housing bubble that burst and hurt so many people. 现在，我们知道会发生什么，因为我们刚刚经历了——当我们偏离这些价值观时会发生什么。过去十年里，我们看到偏离这些价值观的后果——尤其是当涉及到那个破裂并伤害了无数人的巨大房地产泡沫时。
Millions of families who did the right and the responsible thing, folks who shopped for a home that they could afford, secured a mortgage, made their payments each month -- they were hurt badly by the irresponsible actions of other people who weren't playing by the same rules, weren't taking the same care, weren't acting as responsibly. 数百万做了正确而负责任之事的家庭，那些购买自己能负担得起的房子、获得抵押贷款、每月按时还款的人——他们被其他不遵守同样规则、不采取同样谨慎、行事不负责任的人的不负责任行为严重伤害。
By lenders who sold loans to people who they knew couldn't afford the mortgages; and buyers who bought homes they knew they couldn't afford; and banks that packaged those mortgages up and traded them to reap phantom profits, knowing that they were building a house of cards. 那些把贷款卖给明知负担不起抵押贷款的人的放贷者；那些买了明知负担不起的房子的买家；以及那些将这些抵押贷款打包交易以获取虚假利润的银行，明知他们在建造一座空中楼阁。
It was wrong. It was wrong. It triggered the worst economic crisis of our lifetimes. And it has been the single biggest drag on our recovery from a terrible recession. Crushing debt has kept millions of consumers from spending. A lack of building demand has kept hundreds of thousands of construction workers idle. Everybody involved in the home-building business -- folks who make windows, folks who make carpets -- they've all been impacted. The challenge is massive in size and in scope, because we've got a multitrillion-dollar housing industry. 这是错误的。这是错误的。它引发了我们一生中最严重的经济危机。它一直是我们从可怕的衰退中复苏的最大拖累。沉重的债务使数百万消费者无法消费。建筑需求的缺乏使数十万建筑工人闲置。每个参与住宅建设行业的人——做窗户的、做地毯的——都受到了影响。挑战在规模和范围上都是巨大的，因为我们是万亿美元级的住房产业。
And economists can tell you how it's affected all sorts of statistics, from GDP to consumer confidence. 经济学家可以告诉你它如何影响了各种统计数据，从GDP到消费者信心。
But what's at stake is more than just statistics. It's personal. I've been saying that this is a make-or-break moment for the middle class. And this housing crisis struck right at the heart of what it means to be middle class in America: our homes -- the place where we invest our nest egg, place where we raise our family, the place where we plant roots in a community, the place where we build memories. 但事关重大的不仅仅是统计数据。这是切身之事。我一直在说，这是中产阶级的关键时刻。这场住房危机直击美国中产阶级的核心：我们的家——我们投资积蓄的地方，抚养家人的地方，在社区扎根的地方，创造回忆的地方。
It's personal. It affects so much of how people feel about their lives, about their communities, about the country, about the economy. We need to do everything in our power to repair the damage and make responsible families whole again. Everything we can. 这是切身的。它影响人们对自己生活的感受，对社区的感受到，对国家的感受，对经济的感受。我们需要竭尽全力修复损害，让负责任的家庭重新完整。我们能做的一切。
Now, the truth is it's going to take more time than any of us would like for the housing market to fully recover from this crisis. This was a big bubble, and when it burst it had a big effect. Home prices started a pretty steady decline about five years ago. And government certainly can't fix the entire problem on its own. But it is wrong for anybody to suggest that the only option for struggling, responsible homeowners is to sit and wait for the housing market to hit bottom. I refuse to accept that, and so do the American people. 现在，事实是，房地产市场完全从这场危机中复苏需要的时间比我们任何人希望的都要长。这是一个大泡沫，破裂时影响巨大。大约五年前房价开始相当稳定的下跌。政府当然无法独自解决整个问题。但如果说挣扎中的负责任的房主唯一的选择就是坐等房地产市场触底，那就是错误的。我拒绝接受这一点，美国人民也是如此。
There are more than 10 million homeowners across the country right now who, because of an unprecedented decline in home prices that is no fault of their own, owe more on their mortgage than their homes are worth. It means your mortgage, your house is underwater. 目前全国有超过一千万房主，由于并非自身过错造成的房价前所未有的下跌，他们的抵押贷款欠款超过了房屋价值。这意味着你的抵押贷款、你的房子已经资不抵债。
Here in Falls Church, home values have fallen by about a quarter from their peak. In places like Las Vegas, more than half of all homeowners are underwater. More than half. So it's going to take a while for those prices to rise again. But there are actions we can take right now to provide some relief to folks who've been responsible, have done the right thing, and are making their payments on time. 在福尔斯丘奇这里，房价从峰值下降了约四分之一。在拉斯维加斯这样的地方，超过一半的房主资不抵债。超过一半。所以那些价格再次上涨需要一段时间。但我们可以立即采取行动，为那些一直负责任、做了正确之事、按时还款的人提供一些救济。
Already, thanks to the outstanding work, in part, of my Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Shaun Donovan, who's here today -- yes, there he is, the good-looking guy in the front here. The housing plan we launched a couple years ago has helped nearly 1 million responsible homeowners refinance their mortgages, and they're saving an average of $300 on their payments each month -- $300 -- which is great. 已经，多亏了我的住房与城市发展部长肖恩·多诺万——他今天也在场——的出色工作，是的，他在那儿，前排那位英俊的先生。我们几年前启动的住房计划已帮助近一百万负责任的房主再融资他们的抵押贷款，他们每月平均节省三百美元——三百美元——这很好。
But I'll be honest -- the programs that we put forward haven't worked at the scale that we hoped. Not as many people have taken advantage of it as we wanted. Mortgage rates are as low as they've been in half a century, and when that happens, usually homeowners flock to refinance their mortgages -- so a lot of people take advantage of it and save a lot of money. But this time too many families haven't been able to take advantage of the low rates, because falling prices lock them out of the market. They were underwater; made it more difficult for them to refinance. 但我要坦诚地说——我们推出的计划没有达到我们希望的规模。没有我们期望的那么多人利用它。抵押贷款利率处于半个世纪以来的最低水平，通常情况下，房主会蜂拥去再融资——很多人利用它并省下很多钱。但这一次，太多家庭无法利用低利率，因为房价下跌将他们挡在了市场之外。他们资不抵债，使得再融资更加困难。
Then you've got all the fees involved in refinancing. And a lot of people just said, you know what, even though I'd like to be, obviously, cutting down my monthly payment, the banks just aren't being real encouraging. 此外还有再融资涉及的各种费用。很多人就说，你知道吗，虽然我显然想减少月供，但银行确实不太配合。
So last year we took aggressive action that allowed more families to participate. And today we're doing even more. This is the main reason I'm here today. 所以去年我们采取了积极行动，让更多家庭能够参与。今天我们要做得更多。这是我今天到这里来的主要原因。
As I indicated at the State of the Union last week, I am sending Congress a plan that will give every responsible homeowner in America the chance to save about $3,000 a year on their mortgage by refinancing at historically low rates. No more red tape. No more runaround from the banks. And a small fee on the largest financial institutions will make sure it doesn't add to our deficit. 正如我上周在国情咨文中所表明的，我正在向国会提交一项计划，让美国每位负责任的房主都有机会通过以历史低利率再融资，每年在抵押贷款上节省约三千美元。不再有繁文缛节。不再被银行推诿。对最大金融机构征收的小额费用将确保这不会增加我们的赤字。
I want to be clear: This plan, like the other actions we've taken, will not help the neighbors down the street who bought a house they couldn't afford, and then walked away and left a foreclosed home behind. It's not designed for those who've acted irresponsibly, but it can help those who've acted responsibly. It's not going to help those who bought multiple homes just to speculate and flip the house and make a quick buck, but it can help those who've acted responsibly. 我要说明：这项计划，与我们采取的其他行动一样，不会帮助街上那些买了负担不起的房子然后弃之而去、留下被止赎房屋的邻居。它不是为那些不负责任地行事的人设计的，但可以帮助那些负责任地行事的人。它不会帮助那些买多套房子只是为了投机倒卖赚快钱的人，但可以帮助那些负责任地行事的人。
What this plan will do is help millions of responsible homeowners who make their payments on time but find themselves trapped under falling home values or wrapped up in red tape. 这项计划要做的是帮助数百万按时还款但发现自己被困在下跌的房价或繁文缛节中的负责任房主。
If you're ineligible for refinancing just because you're underwater on your mortgage, through no fault of your own, this plan changes that. You'll be able to refinance at a lower rate. You'll be able to save hundreds of dollars a month that you can put back in your pocket. Or you can choose those savings to rebuild equity in your homes, which will help most underwater homeowners come back up for air more quickly. 如果你仅仅因为抵押贷款资不抵债——而这并非你的过错——而无法再融资，这项计划将改变这一点。你将能够以更低的利率再融资。你将能够每月节省数百美元，放回自己的口袋。或者你可以选择用这些节省来重建房屋净值，这将帮助大多数资不抵债的房主更快浮出水面。
Now, to move this part of my plan, we're going to need Congress to act. We're going to need Congress to act. I hear some murmuring in the audience here. We need them to act. But we're not just going to wait for Congress. We're going to keep building a firewall to prevent the same kinds of abuses that led this crisis -- led to this crisis in the first place. So there are things we can do administratively that are also going to help responsible homeowners. 现在，要推进我计划的这一部分，我们需要国会采取行动。我们需要国会采取行动。我听到观众席上有一些低语。我们需要他们行动。但我们不会只是等待国会。我们将继续建立防火墙，防止导致这场危机的同类滥用行为再次发生。因此，我们可以在行政层面做一些事情，也能帮助负责任的房主。
Already, we've set up a special task force I asked my Attorney General to establish to investigate the kind of activity banks took when they packaged and sold risky mortgages. And that task force is ramping up its work as we speak. We're going to keep at it and hold people who broke the law accountable and help restore confidence in the market. We're going to speed assistance to homeowners. And we're going to turn the page on an era of recklessness that hurt so many hardworking Americans. 我们已经设立了一个特别工作组，我请总检察长组建的，调查银行在打包和出售高风险抵押贷款时的活动。该工作组正在加紧工作。我们将继续努力，追究违法者的责任，帮助恢复市场信心。我们将加快对房主的援助。我们将翻过不负责任时代的这一页，这个时代伤害了如此多辛勤工作的美国人。
Today, I'm also proposing a Homeowners Bill of Rights -- one straightforward set of common-sense rules of the road that every family knows they can count on when they're shopping for a mortgage. No more hidden fees or conflicts of interest. No more getting the runaround when you call about your loan. No more fine print that you used to get families to take a deal that is not as good as the one they should have gotten. New safeguards against inappropriate foreclosures. New options to avoid foreclosure if you've fallen on hardship or a run of bad luck. 今天，我还提议制定一项房主权利法案——一套直截了当的常识性基本规则，让每个家庭在申请抵押贷款时都知道可以依靠。不再有隐性费用或利益冲突。不再有打电话询问贷款时被推诿。不再有诱导家庭接受不如应有条件的交易的小字条款。防止不当止赎的新保障。如果你遭遇困难或运气不佳时避免止起新选择。
And a new, simple, clear form for new buyers of a home. 以及为新房购买者提供的一份新的、简单、清晰的表格。
Now, think about it. This is the most important purchase a family makes. But how many of you have had to deal with overly complicated mortgage forms and hidden clauses and complex terms? I remember when Michelle and I bought our first condo -- and we're both lawyers. And we're looking through the forms and kind of holding it up -- reading it again -- "What does this phrase mean?" And that's for two trained lawyers. The forms, the confusion, the potential for abuse is too great just because the forms were too complicated. 现在，想想看。这是一个家庭所做的最重要的购买。但你们中有多少人不得不应对过于复杂的抵押贷款表格、隐藏条款和复杂条款？我记得米歇尔和我买第一套公寓时——我们都是律师。我们翻看那些表格，举起来——再读一遍——"这个条款是什么意思？"而这还是两个受过训练的律师。表格的复杂性、混乱和被滥用的可能性太大了，仅仅因为表格太复杂了。
So this is what a mortgage form should look like. This is it. Now that our new consumer watchdog agency is finally running at full steam now that Richard Cordray is in as the Director of the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau -- they're moving forward on important protections like this new, shorter mortgage form. Simple, not complicated. Informative, not confusing. Terms are clear. Fees are transparent. 这就是抵押贷款表格应该的样子。就是这个。现在我们的新消费者监督机构终于在理查德·科德雷担任消费者金融保护局局长后全力运转——他们正在推进像这种新的更短抵押贷款表格等重要保护措施。简单，不复杂。提供信息，而非制造混乱。条款清晰。费用透明。
This, by the way, is what some of the folks in Congress are trying to roll back and prevent from happening. 顺便说一下，这正是国会中一些人试图撤销和阻止的。
Audience: Booo -- 观众：嘘——
President Obama: I guess they like complicated things that confuse consumers and allow them to be cheated. I prefer actions that are taken to make things simpler and easier to understand for consumers -- so that they can get the best deal possible, especially on the biggest single investment that most people will ever make. 奥巴马总统：我猜他们喜欢让消费者困惑、允许消费者被欺骗的复杂事物。我更倾向于采取行动让消费者更容易理解和更简单——这样他们就能获得最好的交易，尤其是在大多数人一生中最大的单项投资上。
Americans making a down payment on their dreams shouldn't be terrified by pages and pages of fine print. They should be confident they're making the right decision for their future. 为实现梦想而支付首付的美国人不应被一页又一页的小字条款吓到。他们应该确信自己正在为未来做出正确的决定。
There's more that we're announcing today. We're working to turn more foreclosed homes into rental housing, because as we know and a lot of families know, that empty house or "for sale" sign down the block can bring down the price of homes across the neighborhood. We're working to make sure people don't lose their homes just because they lose their jobs. These are steps that can make a concrete difference in people's lives right now. 我们今天还有更多要宣布的。我们正在努力将更多止赎房屋转变为出租房，因为正如我们所知、许多家庭也知道，街区的空房子或"待售"标志会拉低整个社区的房价。我们正在努力确保人们不会仅仅因为失去工作就失去住房。这些是现在就能在人们生活中产生具体改变的措施。
As I said earlier, no program or policy will solve all the problems in a multitrillion-dollar housing market. The heights of the housing bubble reached before it burst, those were unsustainable, and it's going to take time to fully recover. That requires everybody to do their part. 正如我之前所说，没有任何计划或政策能解决万亿美元住房市场中的所有问题。房地产泡沫破裂前达到的高度是不可持续的，完全复苏需要时间。这需要每个人尽自己的职责。
As much as our economic challenges were born of eroding home values and portfolio values, they were also born of an erosion of some old-fashioned American values. An economy that's built to last, that's on a firm foundation, so that middle-class families have a sense of security and those who want to get in the middle class can make it if they're working hard -- that demands responsibility from everyone. 正如我们的经济挑战源于房屋价值和投资组合价值的侵蚀，它们也源于一些老式美国价值观的侵蚀。一个经久不衰的经济，建立在坚实基础之上，让中产阶级家庭有安全感、让想进入中产阶级的人通过努力工作能够实现——这需要每个人的责任。
Government must take responsibility for rules that are fair and fairly enforced. Banks and lenders must be held accountable for ending the practices that helped cause this crisis in the first place. And all of us have to take responsibility for our own actions -- or lack of action. 政府必须对公平和公正执行的规则负责。银行和放贷者必须为终止首先导致这场危机的做法而被追究责任。我们所有人都必须对自己的行为——或不作为——负责。
So I urge Congress to act. Pass this plan. Help more families keep their homes. Help more neighborhoods remain vibrant. Help keep more dreams defended and alive. And I promise you that I'll keep doing everything I can to make the future brighter for this community, for this commonwealth, for this country. 因此，我敦促国会采取行动。通过这项计划。帮助更多家庭保住住房。帮助更多社区保持活力。帮助保护更多梦想并使其延续。我向你们承诺，我将继续尽我所能，为这个社区、这个州、这个国家创造更光明的未来。
Thank you, everybody. God bless you. God bless the United States of America. Thank you. 谢谢大家。愿上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。谢谢。