Good afternoon. Let me begin by once again thanking Chancellor Merkel and the people of Bavaria and Germany for their extraordinary hospitality here at the G7. My stay here has been extraordinary. I wish I could stay longer. And one of the pleasures of being President is scouting out places that you want to come back to, where you don't have to spend all your time in a conference room. The setting is breathtaking. Our German friends have been absolutely wonderful, and the success of this summit is a tribute to their outstanding work. 下午好。首先，请允许我再次感谢默克尔总理以及巴伐利亚和德国人民在本次七国集团峰会期间的盛情款待。我在这里的经历非常棒。真希望能多待几天。而担任总统的乐趣之一，就是能发现那些你想故地重游的地方——那些不用整天待在会议室里的地方。这里的景色令人叹为观止。我们的德国朋友们简直太棒了，这次峰会的成功就是他们出色工作的见证。
The G7 represents some of the largest economies in the world. But in our G7 partners, the United States also embraces some of our strongest allies and closest friends in the world. 七国集团代表着世界上一些最大的经济体。而在我们的七国集团伙伴中，美国也拥有一些最坚定的盟友和最亲密的朋友。
So, even as we work to promote the growth that creates jobs and opportunity, we're also here to stand up for the fundamental principles that we share as democracies: for freedom; for peace; for the right of nations and peoples to decide their own destiny; for universal human rights and the dignity of every human being. And I'm pleased that here in Krün, we showed that on the most pressing global challenges, America and our allies stand united. 因此，在我们努力推动经济增长、创造就业和机遇的同时，我们也在这里共同捍卫我们作为民主国家所共有的基本原则：自由、和平、各国和各民族决定自身命运的权利、普世人权以及每一个人的尊严。我很高兴在克鲁恩这里，我们证明了在最紧迫的全球挑战面前，美国和我们的盟友是团结一致的。
We agree that the best way to sustain the global economic recovery is by focusing on jobs and growth. That's what I'm focused on in the United States. On Friday, we learned that our economy created another 280,000 jobs in May -- the strongest month of the year so far -- and more than 3 million new jobs over the past year, nearly the fastest pace in over a decade. 我们一致认为，维持全球经济复苏的最佳途径是聚焦就业与增长。这也是我在美国国内的工作重心。周五我们得知，五月份我国经济又新增了28万个就业岗位——这是今年以来表现最好的一个月——过去一年新增就业超过300万，增速是十多年来最快的之一。
We've now seen five straight years of private sector job growth -- 12.6 million new jobs created -- the longest streak on record. The unemployment rate is near its lowest level in seven years. Wages for American workers continue to rise. And since I took office, the United States has cut our deficit by two-thirds. So, in the global economy, America is a major source of strength. 我们已经连续五年实现私营部门就业增长——累计新增1260万个就业岗位——这是有记录以来最长的连续增长期。失业率接近七年来的最低水平。美国工人的工资持续上涨。自我就职以来，美国已将赤字削减了三分之二。因此，在全球经济中，美国是一支重要的稳定力量。
At the same time, we recognize that the global economy, while growing, is still not performing at its full potential, And we agreed on a number of necessary steps. Here in Europe, we support efforts to find a path that enables Greece to carry out key reforms and return to growth within a strong, stable and growing Eurozone. I updated my partners on our effort with Congress to pass trade promotion authority so we can move ahead with TPP in the Asia Pacific region, and T-TIP here in Europe -- agreements with high standards to protect workers, public safety and the environment. 与此同时，我们认识到，全球经济虽然在增长，但仍未充分发挥其潜力。我们就若干必要措施达成了一致。在欧洲，我们支持为希腊找到一条出路，使其能够推行关键改革并在一个强大、稳定、增长的欧元区内重返增长轨道。我向各位伙伴通报了我们推动国会通过贸易促进授权的努力，以便我们能够推进亚太地区的跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP）以及欧洲的跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定（T-TIP）——这些高标准协定将保护劳动者、公共安全和环境。
We continue to make progress toward a strong global climate agreement this year in Paris. All the G7 countries have now put forward our post-2020 targets for reducing carbon emissions, and we'll continue to urge other significant emitters to do so as well. We'll continue to meet our climate finance commitments to help developing countries transition to low-carbon growth. 我们继续朝着今年在巴黎达成一项强有力的全球气候协议的方向迈进。所有七国集团国家现在都已提出了2020年后的碳减排目标，我们也将继续敦促其他主要排放国同样这样做。我们将继续履行气候融资承诺，帮助发展中国家向低碳增长转型。
As we've done in the U.S., the G7 agreed on the need to integrate climate risks into development assistance and investment programs across the board, and to increase access to risk insurance to help developing countries respond to and recover from climate-related disasters. And building on the Power Africa initiative I launched two years ago, the G7 will work to mobilize more financing for clean-energy projects in Africa. 正如我们在美国国内所做的那样，七国集团一致认为有必要将气候风险全面纳入发展援助和投资计划，并增加风险保险的可及性，以帮助发展中国家应对气候相关灾害并从中恢复。在我两年前发起的"电力非洲"倡议基础上，七国集团将努力为非洲的清洁能源项目动员更多资金。
With respect to security, the G7 remains strongly united in support for Ukraine. We'll continue to provide economic support and technical assistance that Ukraine needs as it moves ahead on critical reforms to transform its economy and strengthen its democracy. 在安全方面，七国集团在支持乌克兰问题上始终保持高度团结。我们将继续提供乌克兰所需的经济支持和技术援助，帮助乌克兰推进关键改革，实现经济转型和民主巩固。
As we've seen again in recent days, Russian forces continue to operate in eastern Ukraine, violating Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. This is now the second year in a row that the G7 has met without Russia -- another example of Russia's isolation -- and every member of the G7 continues to maintain sanctions on Russia for its aggression against Ukraine. 正如我们最近几天再次看到的那样，俄罗斯军队继续在乌克兰东部行动，侵犯乌克兰的主权和领土完整。这已经是七国集团连续第二年在没有俄罗斯参与的情况下举行会议——这是俄罗斯被孤立的又一个例证——七国集团每一个成员都在继续因俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略而对其实施制裁。
Now, it's important to recognize the Russian economy has been seriously weakened. The ruble and foreign investment are down; Inflation is up. The Russian central bank has lost more than $150 billion in reserves. Russian banks and firms are virtually locked out of the international markets. Russian energy companies are struggling to import the services and technologies they need for complex energy projects. Russian defense firms have been cut off from key technologies. Russia is in deep recession. So Russia's actions in Ukraine are hurting Russia and hurting the Russian people. 现在，必须认识到俄罗斯经济已经受到严重削弱。卢布贬值，外国投资下降；通胀上升。俄罗斯央行已经损失了超过1500亿美元的储备。俄罗斯银行和企业实际上已被国际市场拒之门外。俄罗斯能源企业难以进口复杂能源项目所需的服务和技术。俄罗斯国防企业已被切断关键技术来源。俄罗斯正陷入深度衰退。因此，俄罗斯在乌克兰的行动正在伤害俄罗斯自己，也在伤害俄罗斯人民。
Here at the G7, we agreed that even as we will continue to seek a diplomatic solution, sanctions against Russia will remain in place so long as Russia continues to violate its obligations under the Minsk agreements. Our European partners reaffirmed that they will maintain sanctions on Russia until the Minsk agreements are fully implemented, which means extending the EU's existing sectoral sanctions beyond July. And the G7 is making it clear that, if necessary, we stand ready to impose additional, significant sanctions against Russia. 在本次七国集团峰会上，我们一致认为，尽管我们将继续寻求外交解决方案，但只要俄罗斯继续违反其在明斯克协议下的义务，对俄制裁就将继续保持。我们的欧洲伙伴重申，他们将维持对俄制裁直至明斯克协议得到全面执行，这意味着欧盟现有的行业制裁将在7月之后继续延长。七国集团明确表示，如有必要，我们随时准备对俄罗斯实施更多、更严厉的制裁。
Beyond Europe, we discussed the negotiations over Iran's nuclear program, and we remain united heading into the final stages of the talks. Iran has a historic opportunity to resolve the international community's concerns about its nuclear program, and we agreed that Iran needs to seize that opportunity. 在欧洲之外，我们讨论了伊朗核问题谈判，在会谈进入最后阶段之际，我们仍然保持团结。伊朗拥有一个历史性的机遇来解决国际社会对其核计划的关切，我们一致认为伊朗需要抓住这个机遇。
Our discussions with Prime Minister Abadi of Iraq, President Caid Essebsi of Tunisia and President Buhari of Nigeria were a chance to address the threats of ISIL and Boko Haram. The G7 countries, therefore, agreed to work -- together and with our partners -- to further coordinate our counterterrorism efforts. 我们与伊拉克总理阿巴迪、突尼斯总统埃塞卜西和尼日利亚总统布哈里的会谈，为我们提供了一个应对"伊斯兰国"和博科圣地威胁的机会。因此，七国集团同意——共同并与我们的伙伴一道——进一步协调我们的反恐努力。
As many of the world's leading partners in global development -- joined by leaders of Ethiopia, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and the African Union -- we discussed how to maximize the impact of our development partnerships. We agreed to continue our landmark initiative to promote food security and nutrition -- part of our effort to lift 500 million people in developing countries out of hunger and malnutrition by 2030. 作为全球发展领域的主要伙伴国——加上埃塞俄比亚、利比里亚、尼日利亚、塞内加尔领导人和非洲联盟的参与——我们讨论了如何最大化发展伙伴关系的影响力。我们同意继续推进我们具有里程碑意义的粮食安全和营养倡议——这是我们努力到2030年帮助发展中国家5亿人摆脱饥饿和营养不良的一部分。
We'll continue to work with our partners in West Africa to get Ebola cases down to zero. And as part of our Global Health Security Agenda, I'm pleased that the G7 made a major commitment to help 60 countries over the next five years achieve specific targets to better prevent, detect and respond to future outbreaks before they become epidemics. 我们将继续与西非伙伴合作，将埃博拉病例降至零。作为我们"全球健康安全议程"的一部分，我很高兴七国集团作出了一项重大承诺，即在未来五年帮助60个国家实现具体目标，以便更好地预防、发现和应对未来的疫情，防止其演变成流行病。
And finally, I want to commend Chancellor Merkel for ensuring that this summit included a focus on expanding educational and economic opportunities for women and girls. The G7 committed to expanding career training for women in our own countries, and to increase technical and vocational training in developing countries, which will help all of our nations prosper. 最后，我要赞扬默克尔总理确保本次峰会将扩大妇女和女童的教育与经济机会作为重点议题。七国集团承诺在各国扩大妇女职业培训，并在发展中国家增加技术和职业培训，这将有助于我们所有国家的繁荣。
So, again, I want to thank Angela and the people of Germany for their extraordinary hospitality. I leave here confident that when it comes to the key challenges of our time, America and our closest allies stand shoulder to shoulder. 因此，我要再次感谢安吉拉和德国人民的盛情款待。我满怀信心地离开这里，在我们这个时代的关键挑战面前，美国和我们最亲密的盟友肩并肩站在一起。
So with that, I will take some questions. And I will start off with Jeff Mason of Reuters. 好了，我现在回答一些问题。先请路透社的杰夫·梅森提问。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. After your meetings here, you mentioned Greece in your opening statement. Do you believe that the Europeans are being too tough on Greece in these talks? And what else needs to be done on both sides to ensure there's a deal and to ensure that there isn't the undue harm to financial markets that you've warned about? And on a separate and somewhat related topic, the French told reporters today that you said to G7 leaders that you're concerned that the dollar is too strong. What did you say exactly? And are you concerned that the dollar is too strong? 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。您在本次会议后发表的开场声明中提到了希腊。您是否认为欧洲人在这些谈判中对希腊过于强硬？双方还需要做些什么来确保达成协议，并确保不会出现您曾警告过的对金融市场的不当伤害？另外一个与此有些相关的问题是，法国方面今天对记者说，您对七国集团领导人表示您担心美元过于强势。您到底说了什么？您是否担心美元过于强势？
President Obama: First of all, don't believe unnamed quotes. I did not say that. And I make a practice of not commenting on the daily fluctuations of the dollar or any other currency. 奥巴马总统：首先，不要相信那些不具名的引述。我没有说过那样的话。而且我的惯例是不对美元或任何其他货币的日常波动发表评论。
With respect to Greece, I think that not only our G7 partners but the IMF and other institutions that were represented here feel a sense of urgency in finding a path to resolve the situation there. And what it's going to require is Greece being serious about making some important reforms not only to satisfy creditors, but, more importantly, to create a platform whereby the Greek economy can start growing again and prosper. And so the Greeks are going to have to follow through and make some tough political choices that will be good for the long term. 关于希腊问题，我认为不仅我们的七国集团伙伴，还有国际货币基金组织和出席本次峰会的其他机构，都对找到解决希腊问题的途径感到紧迫。而这需要希腊认真对待一些重要改革——不仅是为了满足债权人，更重要的是为希腊经济重新开始增长和繁荣创造条件。因此，希腊方面必须坚持到底，做出一些艰难的政治选择，这对长期发展是有利的。
I also think it's going to be important for the international community and the international financial agencies to recognize the extraordinary challenges that Greeks face. And if both sides are showing a sufficient flexibility, then I think we can get this problem resolved. But it will require some tough decisions for all involved, and we will continue to consult with all the parties involved to try to encourage that kind of outcome. 我还认为，国际社会和国际金融机构必须认识到希腊人民面临的巨大挑战。如果双方都表现出足够的灵活性，我认为我们能够解决这个问题。但这需要所有相关方都做出艰难决定，我们将继续与所有有关各方磋商，努力推动这样的结果。
Question: Are you confident it will happen before the deadline? 记者：您有信心在最后期限之前达成协议吗？
President Obama: I think that everybody wants to make it happen and they're working hard to get it done. 奥巴马总统：我认为每个人都希望达成协议，他们也在为此努力工作。
Nedra. 内德拉，请提问。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. How frustrated are you that after you personally raised your concerns about cybersecurity with the Chinese President that a massive attack on U.S. personnel files seems to have originated from China? Was the Chinese government involved? And separately, as a sports fan, can you give us your reaction to the FIFA bribery scandal? Thank you. 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。在您亲自向中国国家主席提出对网络安全问题的关切之后，一起针对美国人事档案的大规模网络攻击似乎源自中国。您对此有多失望？中国政府是否参与其中？另外，作为一名体育迷，您能否谈谈对国际足联贿赂丑闻的看法？谢谢。
President Obama: With respect to FIFA, I cannot comment on a pending case by our Attorney General. I will say that in conversations I've had here in Europe, people think it is very important for FIFA to be able to operate with integrity and transparency and accountability. 奥巴马总统：关于国际足联的问题，我不能对我们司法部长正在处理的未决案件发表评论。我要说的是，我在欧洲这里与各方的交谈中，大家都认为国际足联必须能够以诚信、透明和负责任的方式运作，这非常重要。
And so as the investigation and charges proceed, I think we have to keep in mind that although football -- soccer -- depending on which side of the Atlantic you live on, is a game, it's also a massive business. It is a source of incredible national pride, and people want to make sure that it operates with integrity. 因此，随着调查和指控的推进，我认为我们必须记住，尽管足球——或者说英式足球，取决于你站在大西洋的哪一边——是一项运动，但它也是一个巨大的产业。它是民族自豪感的重要来源，人们希望确保这项运动以诚信的方式开展。
The United States, by the way, since we keep on getting better and better at each World Cup, we want to make sure that a sport that's gaining popularity is conducted in an upright manner. 顺便说一句，美国队在每届世界杯上都表现得越来越好，我们希望确保这项日益受欢迎的运动能够以正当的方式进行。
I don't want to discuss -- because we haven't publicly unveiled who we think may have engaged in these cyber-attacks -- but I can tell you that we have known for a long time that there are significant vulnerabilities and that these vulnerabilities are going to accelerate as time goes by, both in systems within government and within the private sector. 我不想讨论——因为我们还没有公开认定我们认为是谁实施了这些网络攻击——但我可以告诉大家，我们早就知道存在重大漏洞，而且随着时间推移，这些漏洞会越来越多，无论是政府系统还是私营部门的系统都是如此。
This is why it's so important that Congress moves forward on passing cyber legislation -- cybersecurity legislation that we've been pushing for; why, over the last several years, I've been standing up new mechanisms inside of government for us to investigate what happens and to start finding more effective solutions. 这就是为什么国会必须通过网络立法——我们一直在推动的网络安全立法——如此重要；这也是为什么过去几年来，我一直在政府内部建立新的机制，调查发生的情况并开始寻找更有效的解决方案。
Part of the problem is, is that we've got very old systems. And we discovered this new breach in OPM precisely because we've initiated this process of inventorying and upgrading these old systems to address existing vulnerabilities. 部分问题在于，我们的系统非常老旧。而我们之所以发现人事管理办公室的这起新漏洞，正是因为我们启动了清查和升级老旧系统的进程，以解决现有的安全隐患。
And what we are doing is going agency by agency, and figuring out what can we fix with better practices and better computer hygiene by personnel, and where do we need new systems and new infrastructure in order to protect information not just of government employees or government activities, but also, most importantly, where there's an interface between government and the American people. 我们正在做的是逐个机构地排查，找出哪些问题可以通过更好的操作规范和人员的良好网络卫生习惯来解决，哪些地方需要新的系统和新的基础设施来保护信息——不仅是政府雇员或政府事务的信息，更重要的是政府与美国人民之间存在交互的那些地方的信息。
And this is going to be a big project and we're going to have to keep on doing it, because both state and non-state actors are sending everything they've got at trying to breach these systems. In some cases, it's non-state actors who are engaging in criminal activity and potential theft. In the case of state actors, they're probing for intelligence or, in some cases, trying to bring down systems in pursuit of their various foreign policy objectives. In either case, we're going to have to be much more aggressive, much more attentive than we have been. 这将是一个庞大的工程，我们必须持续推进，因为国家行为体和非国家行为体都在倾尽全力试图攻破这些系统。有些情况下，是非国家行为体从事犯罪活动和潜在的盗窃行为。在国家行为体的情况下，他们刺探情报，或者在某些情况下试图摧毁系统，以追求其各种外交政策目标。无论哪种情况，我们都必须比以往更加积极、更加警觉。
And this problem is not going to go away. It is going to accelerate. And that means that we have to be as nimble, as aggressive, and as well-resourced as those who are trying to break into these systems. 这个问题不会消失。它只会愈演愈烈。这意味着，我们必须像那些试图入侵这些系统的人一样灵活、一样积极、一样资源充足。
Justin Sink. 贾斯汀·辛克，请提问。
Question: Thanks, Mr. President. I wanted to ask about two things that were on the agenda at the G7 this weekend. The first was the Islamic State. You said yesterday, ahead of your meeting with Prime Minister Cameron, that you'd assess what was working and what wasn't. So I'm wondering, bluntly, what is not working in the fight against the Islamic State. And in today's bilateral with Prime Minister Abadi, you pledged to step up assistance to Iraq. I'm wondering if that includes additional U.S. military personnel. 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。我想就本周末七国集团议程上的两个问题提问。第一个是关于"伊斯兰国"的。您昨天在与卡梅伦首相会晤前表示，您将评估哪些措施有效、哪些无效。所以我想直截了当地问，在打击"伊斯兰国"的斗争中，哪些措施没有奏效？在今天与阿巴迪总理的双边会谈中，您承诺加强对伊拉克的援助。我想知道这是否包括增派美国军事人员。
Separately, on trade, Chancellor Merkel said today that she was pleased you would get fast track authority. I'm wondering if that means that you gave her or other leaders here assurance that it would go through the House. And if it doesn't, what does it say about your ability to achieve meaningful agreements with Congress for the remainder of your time in office? 另外，关于贸易问题，默克尔总理今天表示，她很高兴您将获得快速通道授权。我想知道这是否意味着您向她或这里的其他领导人保证过该授权会在众议院获得通过？如果没有通过，这对您在剩余任期内与国会达成有意义协议的能力意味着什么？
President Obama: Well, on the latter question, I'm not going to hypothesize about not getting it done. I intend to get it done. And, hopefully, we're going to get a vote soon because I think it's the right thing to do. 奥巴马总统：关于后一个问题，我不会假设这件事办不成。我决心把它办成。希望我们很快就能进行投票，因为我认为这是正确的做法。
With respect to ISIL, we have made significant progress in pushing back ISIL from areas in which they had occupied or disrupted local populations, but we've also seen areas like in Ramadi where they're displaced in one place and then they come back in, in another. And they're nimble, and they're aggressive, and they're opportunistic. 关于"伊斯兰国"，我们在将"伊斯兰国"从他们占领或扰乱当地居民的地区击退方面取得了重大进展，但我们也看到了像拉马迪这样的地区——他们在一个地方被赶出去，又在另一个地方卷土重来。他们灵活机动、攻势凶猛、善于投机。
So one of the areas where we're going to have to improve is the speed at which we're training Iraqi forces. Where we've trained Iraqi forces directly and equipped them, and we have a train-and-assist posture, they operate effectively. Where we haven't, morale, lack of equipment, et cetera, may undermine the effectiveness of Iraqi security forces. So we want to get more Iraqi security forces trained, fresh, well-equipped and focused. And President Abadi wants the same thing. 因此，我们需要改进的一个方面是训练伊拉克部队的速度。在我们直接训练并装备伊拉克部队、且我们有训练协助部署的地方，他们表现出色。而在我们没有这样做的地方，士气低落、装备不足等问题可能会削弱伊拉克安全部队的战斗力。因此，我们希望让更多伊拉克安全部队得到训练、保持新锐、装备精良、目标明确。阿巴迪总理也有同样的想法。
So we're reviewing a range of plans for how we might do that, essentially accelerating the number of Iraqi forces that are properly trained and equipped and have a focused strategy and good leadership. And when a finalized plan is presented to me by the Pentagon, then I will share it with the American people. We don't yet have a complete strategy because it requires commitments on the part of the Iraqis, as well, about how recruitment takes place, how that training takes place. And so the details of that are not yet worked out. 因此，我们正在研究一系列实施方案，从根本上加快得到适当训练和装备、拥有明确战略和优秀领导的伊拉克部队的数量。当五角大楼向我提交最终方案时，我会向美国人民公布。我们还没有一套完整的战略，因为这也需要伊拉克方面作出承诺——关于征兵如何进行、训练如何开展。因此，具体细节尚未确定。
Question: Is it fair to say that additional military personnel -- U.S. military personnel are of what's under consideration? 记者：是否可以说，增派美国军事人员是正在考虑的选项之一？
President Obama: I think what is fair to say is that all the countries in the international coalition are prepared to do more to train Iraqi security forces if they feel like that additional work is being taken advantage of. And one of the things that we're still seeing is -- in Iraq -- places where we've got more training capacity than we have recruits. So part of my discussion with Prime Minister Abadi was how do we make sure that we get more recruits in. A big part of the answer there is our outreach to Sunni tribes. 奥巴马总统：我认为可以公平地说，国际联盟中的所有国家都准备好为训练伊拉克安全部队做更多事情——如果他们觉得这些额外的努力能够得到有效利用的话。而我们仍然看到的一个情况是——在伊拉克——有些地方我们的训练能力超过了应征人数。因此，我与阿巴迪总理讨论的部分内容就是，我们如何确保招募到更多人。答案的很大一部分在于我们对逊尼派部落的 outreach（外联工作）。
We've seen Sunni tribes who are not only willing and prepared to fight ISIL, but have been successful at rebuffing ISIL. But it has not been happening as fast as it needs to. And so one of the efforts that I'm hoping to see out of Prime Minister Abadi, and the Iraqi legislature when they're in session, is to move forward on a National Guard law that would help to devolve some of the security efforts in places like Anbar to local folks, and to get those Sunni tribes involved more rapidly. 我们看到，逊尼派部落不仅愿意并准备好与"伊斯兰国"作战，而且已经成功击退了"伊斯兰国"。但进展速度还不够快。因此，我希望看到阿巴迪总理——以及伊拉克议会在开会时——推动的一项努力，就是推进国民警卫队法案，这将有助于把安巴尔等地的部分安全事务下放给当地民众，并让那些逊尼派部落更快地参与进来。
This is part of what helped defeat AQI -- the precursor of ISIL -- during the Iraq War in 2006. Without that kind of local participation, even if you have a short-term success, it's very hard to hold those areas. 这也是帮助击败基地组织伊拉克分支——"伊斯兰国"的前身——的因素之一，那是在2006年的伊拉克战争期间。没有这种地方参与，即使你取得了短期成功，也很难守住那些地区。
The other area where we've got to make a lot more progress is on stemming the flow of foreign fighters. Now, you'll recall that I hosted a U.N. General Security Council meeting specifically on this issue, and we've made some progress, but not enough. We are still seeing thousands of foreign fighters flowing into, first, Syria, and then, oftentimes, ultimately into Iraq. 我们必须取得更多进展的另一个领域是遏制外国战斗人员的流动。大家应该记得，我曾召集联合国安理会专门讨论这个问题，我们取得了一些进展，但还不够。我们仍然看到数千名外国战斗人员涌入——先是进入叙利亚，然后往往最终进入伊拉克。
And not all of that is preventable, but a lot of it is preventable -- if we've got better cooperation, better coordination, better intelligence, if we are monitoring what's happening at the Turkish-Syria border more effectively. This is an area where we've been seeking deeper cooperation with Turkish authorities who recognize it's a problem but haven't fully ramped up the capacity they need. And this is something that I think we got to spend a lot of time on. 并非所有这些都能阻止，但其中很多是可以阻止的——如果我们有更好的合作、更好的协调、更好的情报，如果我们更有效地监控土叙边境的情况。在这个领域，我们一直在寻求与土耳其当局深化合作，他们也认识到这是个问题，但尚未完全建立起所需的能力。这是我认为我们需要花大力气解决的问题。
If we can cut off some of that foreign fighter flow then we're able to isolate and wear out ISIL forces that are already there. Because we're taking a lot of them off the battlefield, but if they're being replenished, then it doesn't solve the problem over the long term. 如果我们能够切断部分外国战斗人员的流动，我们就能够孤立并消耗已经在那里的"伊斯兰国"武装。因为我们正在战场上消灭大量敌人，但如果他们不断得到补充，从长远来看这并不能解决问题。
The final point that I emphasized to Prime Minister Abadi is the political agenda of inclusion remains as important as the military fight that's out there. If Sunnis, Kurds, and Shia all feel as if they're concerns are being addressed, and that operating within a legitimate political structure can meet their need for security, prosperity, non-discrimination, then we're going to have much easier time. 我向阿巴迪总理强调的最后一点是，包容性的政治议程与军事斗争同样重要。如果逊尼派、库尔德人和什叶派都觉得他们的关切得到了解决，并且在合法的政治框架内运作能够满足他们对安全、繁荣和不歧视的需求，那么我们的工作就会容易得多。
And the good news is Prime Minister Abadi is very much committed to that principle. But, obviously, he's inheriting a legacy of a lot of mistrust between various groups in Iraq -- he's having to take a lot of political risks. In some cases, there are efforts to undermine those efforts by other political factions within Iraq. And so we've got to continue to monitor that and support those who are on the right side of the issue there. 好消息是，阿巴迪总理非常致力于这一原则。但显然，他继承了伊拉克各群体之间大量互不信任的遗产——他必须承担很多政治风险。在某些情况下，伊拉克内部的其他政治派别正在努力破坏这些努力。因此，我们必须继续关注这一情况，并支持那些在这个问题上站在正确一边的人。
Colleen Nelson. 科琳·纳尔逊，请提问。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. You mentioned that the U.S. and its European allies have reached a consensus on extending the sanctions against Russia. Is there a consensus, though, about what specifically the next step should be if Russia continues to violate the Minsk agreement? And also, can you deter Russian aggression in other parts of Eastern Europe without a permanent U.S. troop presence? 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。您提到美国及其欧洲盟友就延长对俄制裁达成了共识。但是，如果俄罗斯继续违反明斯克协议，关于下一步具体应该采取什么措施，是否也存在共识？另外，如果没有美国的永久驻军，您能否遏制俄罗斯在东欧其他地区的侵略？
And separately, I wanted to ask you about the possibility that the court battle over your actions on immigration could extend late into your term. Do you think that there's anything more that you can do for the people who would have benefitted from that program and now are in limbo? And how do you view the possibility of your term ending without accomplishing your goals on immigration? 另外，我想问一下，关于您的移民行政令的法庭之争可能会持续到您任期后期的可能性。您认为对于那些本可以从该计划中受益、现在却处于不确定状态的人们，您还能做些什么吗？您如何看待您的任期可能在移民问题上未能实现目标就结束的可能性？
President Obama: On Ukraine and Russia and Minsk, there is strong consensus that we need to keep pushing Russia to abide by the terms of the Minsk agreement; we need to continue to support and encourage Ukraine to meet its obligations under Minsk -- that until that's completed, sanctions remain in place. 奥巴马总统：关于乌克兰、俄罗斯和明斯克协议，我们有强烈的共识：我们需要继续推动俄罗斯遵守明斯克协议的条款；我们需要继续支持和鼓励乌克兰履行其在明斯克协议下的义务——在这一切完成之前，制裁将继续保持。
There was discussion about additional steps that we might need to take if Russia, working through separatists, doubled down on aggression inside of Ukraine. Those discussions are taking place at a technical level, not yet at a political level -- because I think the first goal here going into a European Council meeting that's coming up is just rolling over the existing sanctions. But I think at a technical level, we want to be prepared. 我们讨论了如果俄罗斯通过分离主义分子加倍在乌克兰境内的侵略，我们可能需要采取的额外措施。这些讨论正在技术层面进行，尚未到政治层面——因为我认为即将召开的欧洲理事会会议的首要目标只是延长现有制裁。但我认为在技术层面，我们要做好准备。
Our hope is, is that we don't have to take additional steps because the Minsk agreement is met. And I want to give enormous credit to Chancellor Merkel, along with President Hollande, who have shown extraordinary stick-to-itiveness and patience in trying to get that done. 我们的希望是，我们不必采取额外措施，因为明斯克协议将得到执行。我要高度赞扬默克尔总理和奥朗德总统，他们表现出了非凡的毅力和耐心，努力推动这一目标的实现。
Ultimately, this is going to be an issue for Mr. Putin. He's got to make a decision: Does he continue to wreck his country's economy and continue Russia's isolation in pursuit of a wrong-headed desire to re-create the glories of the Soviet empire? Or does he recognize that Russia's greatness does not depend on violating the territorial integrity and sovereignty of other countries? 归根结底，这取决于普京先生的决定。他必须做出选择：是继续破坏本国经济、延续俄罗斯的孤立状态，去追求重建苏联帝国荣光这种错误的念头？还是承认俄罗斯的伟大并不取决于侵犯其他国家的领土完整和主权？
And as I mentioned earlier, the costs that the Russian people are bearing are severe. That's being felt. It may not always be understood why they're suffering, because of state media inside of Russia and propaganda coming out of state media in Russia and to Russian speakers. But the truth of the matter is, is that the Russian people would greatly benefit. And, ironically, one of the rationales that Mr. Putin provided for his incursions into Ukraine was to protect Russian speakers there. 正如我之前提到的，俄罗斯人民正在承受的代价是沉重的。这一点已经显现出来。他们可能并不总是理解自己为什么受苦——因为俄罗斯国内的国家媒体，以及国家媒体向俄语受众输出的宣传。但事实是，俄罗斯人民将大大受益。
Well, Russian speakers inside of Ukraine are precisely the ones who are bearing the brunt of the fighting. Their economy has collapsed. Their lives are disordered. Many of them are displaced. Their homes may have been destroyed. They're suffering. And the best way for them to stop suffering is if the Minsk agreement is fully implemented. 具有讽刺意味的是，普京先生为入侵乌克兰提供的理由之一是为了保护那里的俄语使用者。而乌克兰境内的俄语使用者恰恰是战斗首当其冲的受害者。他们的经济崩溃了。他们的生活陷入混乱。许多人流离失所。他们的家园可能被摧毁。他们在受苦。而让他们停止受苦的最好办法，就是明斯克协议得到全面执行。
Oh, immigration. With respect to immigration, obviously, I'm frustrated by a district court ruling that now is winding its way through the appeals process. We are being as aggressive as we can legally to, first and foremost, appeal that ruling, and then to implement those elements of immigration executive actions that were not challenged in court. 哦，移民问题。关于移民，显然，我对地方法院的裁决感到失望，目前该案正在进入上诉程序。我们正在法律允许的范围内采取最积极的行动——首先也是最重要的是对该裁决提出上诉，然后执行移民行政行动中未在法庭上受到质疑的部分。
But, obviously, the centerpiece, one of the key provisions for me was being able to get folks who are undocumented to go through a background check -- criminal background check -- pay back taxes, and then have a legal status. And that requires an entire administrative apparatus and us getting them to apply and come clean. 但显然，对我来说，核心内容、关键条款之一，是让无证移民能够通过背景调查——犯罪背景调查——补缴税款，然后获得合法身份。而这需要一整套行政机构的运作，需要我们让他们申请并如实申报。
I made a decision, which I think is the right one, that we should not accept applications until the legal status of this is clarified. I am absolutely convinced this is well within my legal authority, Department of Homeland Security's legal authority. If you look at the precedent, if you look at the traditional discretion that the executive branch possesses when it comes to applying immigration laws, I am convinced that what we're doing is lawful, and our lawyers are convinced that what we're doing is lawful. 我做出了一个决定——我认为这是正确的决定——在法律地位澄清之前，我们不应接受申请。我绝对相信，这完全在我的法律权限之内，也在国土安全部的法律权限之内。如果你看看先例，看看行政部门在执行移民法方面传统上拥有的自由裁量权，我相信我们的做法是合法的，我们的律师也相信我们的做法是合法的。
But the United States is a government of laws and separations of power, and even if it's an individual district court judge who's making this determination, we've got to go through the process to challenge it. And until we get clarity there, I don't want to bring people in, have them apply and jump through a lot of hoops only to have it deferred and delayed further. 但美国是一个法治和三权分立的政府，即使是一位地方法院法官做出了这个裁决，我们也必须走完程序来质疑它。在我们得到明确结果之前，我不想让人们站出来，让他们申请、费很大劲走流程，结果却被一再推迟和拖延。
Of course, there's one really great way to solve this problem, and that would be Congress going ahead and acting, which would obviate the need for executive actions. The majority of the American people I think still want to see that happen. I suspect it will be a major topic of the next presidential campaign. 当然，解决这个问题有一个非常好的办法，那就是国会采取行动，这样就不需要行政行动了。我想大多数美国人民仍然希望看到这种情况发生。我怀疑这将成为下一届总统竞选的主要议题。
And so we will continue to push as hard as we can on all fronts to fix a broken immigration system. Administratively, we'll be prepared if and when we get the kind of ruling that I think we should have gotten in the first place about our authorities to go ahead and implement. But ultimately, this has never fully replaced the need for Congress to act. 因此，我们将继续在各条战线上全力推动改革破碎的移民制度。在行政层面，如果并且当我们得到关于我们权限的裁决——我认为我们从一开始就应该得到那样的裁决——我们就会做好准备去执行。但归根结底，这从来不能完全替代国会立法的需要。
And my hope is, is that after a number of the other issues that we're working on currently get cleared, that some quiet conversations start back up again, particularly in the Republican Party, about the shortsighted approach that they're taking when it comes to immigration. 我的希望是，在我们目前正在处理的其他一些问题得到解决之后，一些私下的对话会重新开启，特别是在共和党内部，让他们反思在移民问题上采取的短视做法。
Okay. Christi Parsons. 好了。克里斯蒂·帕森斯，请提问。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. More than six million Americans may soon lose health insurance if the Supreme Court this month backs the latest challenge to the Affordable Care Act. A growing number of states are looking for assistance as they face the prospect that their residents may lose federal insurance subsidies and their insurance markets may collapse. Yet, your administration has given very little to no guidance on how states can prepare. What can you tell state leaders and advocates who worry that health care markets in half the country may be thrown into chaos? 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。如果最高法院本月支持对《平价医疗法案》的最新挑战，那么可能有超过600万美国人即将失去医疗保险。越来越多的州正在寻求帮助，因为他们面临着居民可能失去联邦保险补贴、保险市场可能崩溃的前景。然而，您的政府几乎没有就各州应如何准备提供任何指导。对于那些担心全国一半地区的医保市场可能陷入混乱的州领导人和倡导者，您有什么话要说？
President Obama: What I can tell state leaders is, is that under well-established precedent, there is no reason why the existing exchanges should be overturned through a court case. It has been well documented that those who passed this legislation never intended for folks who were going through the federal exchange not to have their citizens get subsidies. That's not just the opinion of me; that's not just the opinion of Democrats; that's the opinion of the Republicans who worked on the legislation. The record makes it clear. 奥巴马总统：我可以告诉各州领导人的是，根据已经确立的先例，没有理由通过司法案件推翻现有的保险交易所。大量文件记录表明，那些通过这项立法的人从来没有打算让通过联邦交易所参保的人得不到补贴。这不仅仅是我个人的看法；也不仅仅是民主党人的看法；那些参与起草这项立法的共和党人也是这样认为的。记录清楚地表明了这一点。
And under well-established statutory interpretation, approaches that have been repeatedly employed -- not just by liberal, Democratic judges, but by conservative judges like some on the current Supreme Court -- you interpret a statute based on what the intent and meaning and the overall structure of the statute provides for. 根据已经确立的法律解释原则——这些原则被反复采用，不仅被自由派的民主党法官，也被现任最高法院中一些保守派法官采用——你要根据立法的意图、含义和整体结构来解释法律条文。
And so this should be an easy case. Frankly, it probably shouldn't even have been taken up. And since we're going to get a ruling pretty quick, I think it's important for us to go ahead and assume that the Supreme Court is going to do what most legal scholars who've looked at this would expect them to do. 因此，这应该是一个简单的案子。坦率地说，这个案子可能根本就不应该被受理。既然我们很快就会得到裁决，我认为重要的是，我们应该假设最高法院会做出大多数研究过这个问题的法律学者所预期的裁决。
But, look, I've said before and I will repeat again: If, in fact, you have a contorted reading of the statute that says federal-run exchanges don't provide subsidies for folks who are participating in those exchanges, then that throws off how that exchange operates. It means that millions of people who are obtaining insurance currently with subsidies suddenly aren't getting those subsidies; many of them can't afford it; they pull out; and the assumptions that the insurance companies made when they priced their insurance suddenly gets thrown out the window. 但是，听着，我之前说过，我还要再说一遍：如果事实上，你对法律做出一种歪曲的解读，说联邦运营的交易所不为参与这些交易所的人提供补贴，那么整个交易所的运作就会被打乱。
And it would be disruptive -- not just, by the way, for folks in the exchanges, but for those insurance markets in those states, generally. 这意味着，目前获得补贴购买保险的数百万人突然失去了补贴；他们中的许多人负担不起保费；他们选择退出；而保险公司在为保险定价时所做的假设突然就不成立了。这将造成破坏性影响——顺便说一句，不仅对交易所里的人，而且对这些州的整个保险市场都是如此。
So it's a bad idea. It's not something that should be done based on a twisted interpretation of four words in -- as we were reminded repeatedly -- a couple-thousand-page piece of legislation. 因此，这是一个坏主意。不应该基于对一项——我们被反复提醒的——长达数千页的立法中四个词的扭曲解读就这么做。
What's more, the thing is working. I mean, part of what's bizarre about this whole thing is we haven't had a lot of conversation about the horrors of Obamacare because none of them come to pass. You got 16 million people who've gotten health insurance. The overwhelming majority of them are satisfied with the health insurance. 更重要的是，这项法案正在发挥作用。我的意思是，整件事最离奇的地方在于，我们没有听到太多关于奥巴马医改有多可怕的谈论，因为那些可怕的预言都没有成真。1600万人获得了医疗保险。他们中的绝大多数人对医保感到满意。
It hasn't had an adverse effect on people who already had health insurance. The only effect it's had on people who already had health insurance is they now have an assurance that they won't be prevented from getting health insurance if they've got a preexisting condition, and they get additional protections with the health insurance that they do have. 它没有对已经有医保的人造成不利影响。它对已有医保的人产生的唯一影响是，他们现在可以放心，如果他们有既往病史，也不会被拒绝参保，而且他们现有的医保还能获得额外的保障。
The costs have come in substantially lower than even our estimates about how much it would cost. Health care inflation overall has continued to be at some of the lowest levels in 50 years. None of the predictions about how this wouldn't work have come to pass. 成本比我们预期的要低得多。整体医疗通胀率一直处于50年来的最低水平。所有关于这行不通的预言都没有成真。
And so I'm -- A, I'm optimistic that the Supreme Court will play it straight when it comes to the interpretation. And, B, I should mention that if it didn't, Congress could fix this whole thing with a one-sentence provision. 因此，我——第一，我乐观地认为，最高法院在解释法律时会秉公而断。第二，我要提一下，如果裁决不利，国会只需一句话的条款就能解决整个问题。
But I'm not going to go into a long speculation anticipating disaster. 但我不会陷入对灾难的漫长猜测中。
Question: But you're a plan-ahead kind of guy. Why not have a plan B? 记者：但您是一个深谋远虑的人。为什么没有B计划？
President Obama: Well, you know, I want to just make sure that everybody understands that you have a model where all the pieces connect. And there are a whole bunch of scenarios not just in relation to health care, but all kinds of stuff that I do, where if somebody does something that doesn't make any sense, then it's hard to fix. And this would be hard to fix. Fortunately, there's no reason to have to do it. It doesn't need fixing. All right? 奥巴马总统：嗯，你知道，我只想让大家明白，我们有一个所有环节相互关联的模式。有很多种情况——不仅仅是医保问题，还有我处理的各种事务——如果有人做了一些毫无意义的事情，那么就很难补救。而这件事将很难补救。幸运的是，我们没有理由必须那样做。它不需要修补。好吗？
Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。
Thank you to the people of Germany and Bavaria. 感谢德国和巴伐利亚人民。
You guys were wonderful hosts. 你们是非常棒的东道主。