Good evening, everybody. Please be seated. 晚上好，各位。请坐。
Before I take your questions tonight, I'd like to speak briefly about the state of our economy and why I believe we need to put this recovery plan in motion as soon as possible. 今晚在回答你们的提问之前，我想简要谈谈我国经济现状，以及为什么我认为我们需要尽快实施这项复苏计划。
I took a trip to Elkhart, Indiana, today. Elkhart is a place that has lost jobs faster than anywhere else in America. 今天我去了印第安纳州的埃尔克哈特。埃尔克哈特是全美失业速度最快的地方。
In one year, the unemployment rate went from 4.7 percent to 15.3 percent. Companies that have sustained this community for years are shedding jobs at an alarming speed, and the people who've lost them have no idea what to do or who to turn to. They can't pay their bill and they've stopped spending money. And because they've stopped spending money, more businesses have been forced to lay off more workers. In fact, local TV stations have started running public service announcements that tell people where to find food banks, even as the food banks don't have enough to meet the demand. 短短一年时间，失业率从4.7%飙升至15.3%。多年来支撑这个社区的企业正以惊人的速度裁员，而那些失去工作的人不知道该怎么办，也不知道该向谁求助。他们付不起账单，已经停止消费。而正是因为他们停止了消费，更多企业被迫裁掉更多员工。事实上，当地电视台已经开始播放公益广告，告诉人们去哪里寻找食物银行，而食物银行本身却供不应求。
As we speak, similar scenes are playing out in cities and towns across America. Last Monday, more than a thousand men and women stood in line for 35 firefighter jobs in Miami. Last month, our economy lost 598,000 jobs, which is nearly the equivalent of losing every single job in the state of Maine. And if there's anyone out there who still doesn't believe this constitutes a full-blown crisis, I suggest speaking to one of the millions of Americans whose lives have been turned upside down because they don't know where their next paycheck is coming from. 就在我说话的此刻，类似的场景正在美国各地的城镇上演。上周一，迈阿密有一千多名男女排队争取35个消防员职位。上个月，我国经济减少了59.8万个就业岗位，这几乎相当于缅因州全部就业岗位的总和。如果还有人认为这不构成一场全面的危机，我建议他们去和数百万生活被彻底颠覆的美国人谈谈，因为这些人根本不知道下一张薪水支票将从何而来。
And that is why the single most important part of this Economic Recovery and Reinvestment Plan is the fact that it will save or create up to 4 million jobs, because that's what America needs most right now. 正因如此，这项《经济复苏与再投资计划》中最重要的一点，就是它将挽救或创造多达400万个就业岗位，因为这是美国当前最迫切的需要。
It is absolutely true that we can't depend on government alone to create jobs or economic growth. That is and must be the role of the private sector. But at this particular moment, with the private sector so weakened by this recession, the federal government is the only entity left with the resources to jolt our economy back into life. It is only government that can break the vicious cycle where lost jobs lead to people spending less money, which leads to even more layoffs. And breaking that cycle is exactly what the plan that's moving through Congress is designed to do. 诚然，我们不能仅靠政府来创造就业或推动经济增长。这向来是、也必须是私营部门的职责。但在这个特殊时刻，由于私营部门已被这次衰退严重削弱，联邦政府是唯一拥有足够资源、能让我们的经济重新焕发活力的实体。只有政府才能打破这样一个恶性循环：失业导致人们减少支出，进而导致更多裁员。而打破这一恶性循环，正是正在国会推进的这项计划所要实现的目标。
When passed, this plan will ensure that Americans who've lost their jobs through no fault of their own can receive greater unemployment benefits and continue their health care coverage. We will also provide a $2,500 tax credit to folks who are struggling to pay the cost of their college tuition, and $1,000 worth of badly needed tax relief to working and middle-class families. These steps will put more money in the pockets of those Americans who are most likely to spend it, and that will help break the cycle and get our economy moving. 该计划通过后，将确保那些非因自身过错而失业的美国人能够获得更多的失业救济，并继续享有医疗保障。我们还将为那些正艰难支付大学学费的家庭提供2,500美元的税收抵免，并为工薪阶层和中产家庭提供价值1,000美元的迫切需要的税收减免。这些举措将把更多钱放进那些最有可能消费的美国人的口袋，从而帮助打破恶性循环，让经济重新运转起来。
But as we've learned very clearly and conclusively over the last eight years, tax cuts alone can't solve all of our economic problems -- especially tax cuts that are targeted to the wealthiest few Americans. 但正如过去八年我们所清楚而明确地认识到的那样，仅靠减税无法解决我们所有的经济问题——尤其是那些只惠及少数最富裕美国人的减税。
We have tried that strategy, time and time again. And it's only helped lead us to the crisis we face right now. 我们一次又一次地尝试过这种策略，结果只是让我们陷入了眼下所面临的危机。
And that's why we have come together, around a plan that combines hundreds of billions in tax cuts for the middle class with direct investment in areas like health care, energy, education and infrastructure, investments that will save jobs, create new jobs and new businesses and help our economy grow again, now and in the future. 正因如此，我们才共同拟定了一项计划，将数千亿美元的中产阶级减税与在医疗、能源、教育和基础设施等领域的直接投资结合起来，这些投资将挽救就业、创造新的就业岗位和新企业，并帮助我们的经济在当下和未来重新实现增长。
More than 90 percent of the jobs created by this plan will be in the private sector. They're not going to be make-work jobs but jobs doing the work that America desperately needs done, jobs rebuilding our crumbling roads and bridges, repairing our dangerously deficient dams and levees, so that we don't face another Katrina. 该计划创造的就业岗位中，超过90%来自私营部门。这些不会是凑数的工作，而是做美国急需完成的工作的岗位——重建我们破败的道路和桥梁，修缮我们危险重重的堤坝和防洪墙，以免我们再遭遇一次卡特里娜飓风那样的灾难。
They'll be jobs building the wind turbines and solar panels and fuel-efficient cars that will lower our dependence on foreign oil and modernizing our costly health care system that will save us billions of dollars and countless lives. 这些岗位将用于建造风力涡轮机、太阳能电池板和节能汽车，以降低我们对进口石油的依赖；还将用于改造我们高昂的医疗体系，为我们节省数十亿美元并挽救无数生命。
They'll be jobs creating the 21st-century classrooms, libraries and labs for millions of children across America. And they'll be the jobs of firefighters and teachers and police officers that would otherwise be eliminated, if we do not provide states with some relief. 这些岗位将用于为全美数百万儿童打造21世纪的教室、图书馆和实验室。它们也将是消防员、教师和警察的岗位——如果我们不向各州提供一些救助，这些岗位本将被裁撤。
Now after many weeks of debate and discussion, the plan that ultimately emerges from Congress must be big enough and bold enough to meet the size of the economic challenges that we face right now. It's a plan that is already supported by businesses representing almost every industry in America, by both the Chamber of Commerce and the AFL-CIO. It contains input, ideas and compromises from both Democrats and Republicans. It also contains an unprecedented level of transparency and accountability, so that every American will be able to go online and see where and how we're spending every dime. 经过数周的辩论和讨论，最终从国会出炉的计划必须足够宏大、足够有力，以应对我们当前所面临的经济挑战的规模。这项计划已获得代表美国几乎每个行业的企业、美国商会和劳联-产联的支持。它吸纳了民主党和共和党双方的意见、想法和妥协。它还包含了前所未有的透明度和问责机制，让每个美国人都能上网查看我们每一分钱花在了哪里、是如何花的。
What it does not contain, however, is a single pet project, not a single earmark, and it has been stripped of the projects members of both parties found most objectionable. 然而，该计划不包含任何一项个别议员指定的专项项目，没有任何一项"猪肉桶"拨款，并且已经剔除了两党议员最反对的那些项目。
Now despite all of this, the plan's not perfect. No plan is. I can't tell you for sure that everything in this plan will work exactly as we hope, but I can tell you with complete confidence that a failure to act will only deepen this crisis, as well as the pain felt by millions of Americans. 尽管如此，这项计划并不完美。任何计划都不可能完美。我无法向你们保证计划中的每一项都将完全如我们所愿地奏效，但我可以满怀信心地告诉你们，如果不采取行动，只会加深这场危机，也会加重数百万美国人所感受到的痛苦。
My administration inherited a deficit of over $1 trillion, but because we also inherited the most profound economic emergency since the Great Depression, doing little or nothing at all will result in ever -- even greater deficits, even greater job loss, even greater loss of income and even greater loss of confidence. 我的政府继承了超过1万亿美元的赤字，但由于我们也继承了自大萧条以来最严重的经济危机，无所作为或几乎无所作为只会导致更大规模的赤字、更多的失业、更多的收入损失以及更大的信心丧失。
Those are deficits that could turn a crisis into a catastrophe, and I refuse to let that happen. As long as I hold this office, I will do whatever it takes to put this economy back on track and put this country back to work. 这样的赤字可能将一场危机演变成一场灾难，我绝不会让这种事发生。只要我担任这个职位，我都会竭尽全力让经济重回正轨，让国家重新就业。
I want to thank the members of Congress who've worked so hard to move this plan forward. But I also want to urge all members of Congress to act without delay in the coming week to resolve their differences and pass this plan. 我要感谢国会中那些为推进这项计划而辛勤工作的议员。但我也想敦促所有国会议员在下周毫不拖延地采取行动，化解分歧，通过这项计划。
We find ourselves in a rare moment where the citizens of our country and all countries are watching and waiting for us to lead. It's a responsibility that this generation did not ask for, but one that we must accept for the future of our children and our grandchildren. 我们正处于一个罕见的时刻，我国和世界各国的公民都在注视着我们、等待我们引领。这是这一代人并未主动寻求的责任，但为了我们的子孙后代，我们必须承担起来。
The strongest democracies flourish from frequent and lively debate, but they endure when people of every background and belief find a way to set aside smaller differences in service of a greater purpose. That's the test facing the United States of America in this winter of our hardship, and it is our duty as leaders and citizens to stay -- stay true to that purpose in the weeks and months ahead. 最强大的民主国家在频繁而活跃的辩论中蓬勃发展，但只有当各种背景和信仰的人们找到为更崇高目标搁置小分歧的方法时，民主才能持久。这就是美国在这艰难之冬所面临的考验，作为领导者和公民，在未来的数周和数月里忠于这一目标，是我们的责任。
After a day of speaking with and listening to the fundamentally decent men and women who call this nation home, I have full faith and confidence that we can do it. 在与那些称呼这个国家为家的、本质善良的男女交谈和倾听了一整天之后，我充满信心，我们一定能做到。
But we're going to have to work together. That's what I intend to promote in the weeks and days ahead. 但我们必须携手合作。这是我打算在未来的数周和数天里所推动的。
And with that, I'll take some of your questions. And let me go to Jennifer Loven at AP. There you are. 说完这些，我将回答你们的一些提问。下面请美联社的珍妮弗·洛文提问。你在那里。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Earlier today in Indiana you said something striking. You said that this nation could end up in a crisis, without action, that we would be unable to reverse. Can you talk about what you know or what you're hearing that would lead you to say that our recession might be permanent when others in our history have not? And do you think that you risk losing some credibility or even talking down the economy by using dire language like that? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。今天早些时候在印第安纳州，您说了一句引人注目的话。您说如果不采取行动，这个国家可能陷入一场我们无法逆转的危机。您能否谈谈您所了解或听到的什么情况，使您认为我们的经济衰退可能是永久性的，而我国历史上其他的衰退并非如此？您是否认为使用这样严厉的语言有失去公信力或唱衰经济的风险？
President Obama: No, no, no, no. I think that what I've said is what other economists have said across the political spectrum, which is that if you delay acting on an economy of this severity, then you potentially create a negative spiral that becomes much more difficult for us to get out of. 奥巴马总统：不，不，不，不。我认为我所说的是跨越政治光谱的其他经济学家也说过的话，那就是，如果你在如此严重的经济形势下拖延行动，你就有可能造成一个负面螺旋，使我们更加难以摆脱。
We saw this happen in Japan in the 1990s, where they did not act boldly and swiftly enough, and as a consequence they suffered what was called the "lost decade," where essentially for the entire '90s, they did not see any significant economic growth. 我们看到这种情况在20世纪90年代的日本发生过，他们行动不够大胆、不够迅速，结果遭受了所谓的"失去的十年"，基本上在整个90年代，他们没有看到任何显著的经济增长。
So what I'm trying to underscore is what the people in Elkhart already understand, that this is not your ordinary, run-of-the-mill recession. 所以我想强调的是埃尔克哈特的人们已经明白的道理，那就是这不是一次普通的、寻常的经济衰退。
We are going through the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. 我们正在经历自大萧条以来最严重的经济危机。
We've lost now 3.6 million jobs. But what's perhaps even more disturbing is that almost half of that job loss has taken place over the last three months, which means that the problems are accelerating instead of getting better. 我们已经失去了360万个就业岗位。但也许更令人不安的是，几乎一半的失业发生在过去三个月里，这意味着问题正在加速恶化，而不是好转。
Now, what I said in Elkhart today is what I'll repeat this evening, which is I'm absolutely confident that we can solve this problem, but it's going to require us to take some significant, important steps. 今天我在埃尔克哈特说过的话，我今晚要重复一遍，那就是我绝对有信心我们能解决这个问题，但这需要我们采取一些重大而重要的步骤。
Step number one, we have to pass an economic recovery and reinvestment plan. And we've made progress. There was a vote this evening that moved the process forward in the Senate. We already have a House bill that's passed. I'm hoping over the next several days that the House and the Senate can reconcile their differences and get that bill on my desk. 第一步，我们必须通过一项经济复苏和再投资计划。我们已经取得了进展。今晚参议院进行了一次投票，推动了这一进程。众议院已经通过了一项法案。我希望在未来几天里，众议院和参议院能够弥合分歧，把法案送到我的办公桌上。
There have been criticisms from a bunch of different directions about this bill. So let me just address a few of them. 关于这项法案有来自各个方向的批评。让我回应其中几个。
Some of the criticisms really are with the basic idea that government should intervene at all in this moment of crisis. You have some people, very sincere, who philosophically just think the government has no business interfering in the marketplace. 一些批评确实是针对政府在这种危机时刻是否应该干预这个基本理念的。有些人非常真诚地从哲学上认为政府根本不应该干预市场。
And in fact there are several who have suggested that FDR was wrong to intervene back in the New Deal. They're fighting battles that I thought were resolved a pretty long time ago. 事实上，有几个人甚至暗示罗斯福总统在新政时期进行干预是错误的。他们在打的这场仗，我以为很久以前就已经有了定论。
Most economists, almost unanimously, recognize that even if philosophically you're wary of government intervening in the economy, when you have the kind of problem we have right now -- what started on Wall Street goes to Main Street, suddenly businesses can't get credit, they start paring back their investment, they start laying off workers, workers start pulling back in terms of spending -- that when you have that situation, that government is an important element of introducing some additional demand into the economy. 大多数经济学家，几乎是异口同声地承认，即使你在哲学上对政府干预经济持谨慎态度，但当你面临我们现在这种问题时——危机从华尔街蔓延到主街，企业突然无法获得信贷，开始缩减投资，开始裁员，工人开始缩减开支——当你面临这种情况时，政府是在经济中注入额外需求的重要因素。
We stand to lose about $1 trillion worth of demand this year and another trillion next year, and what that means is you've got this gaping hole in the economy. 我们今年可能损失约1万亿美元的需求，明年又损失1万亿美元，这意味着经济中出现了一个巨大的缺口。
That's why the figure that we initially came up with, of approximately $800 billion, was put forward. That wasn't just some random number that I plucked out of a hat. 这就是为什么我们最初提出的约8000亿美元这个数字是有依据的。那不是我随手从帽子里掏出来的一个随机数字。
That was Republican and Democratic, conservative and liberal economists that I spoke to, who indicated that given the magnitude of the crisis and the fact that it's happening worldwide, it's important for us to have a bill of sufficient size and scope that we can save or create 4 million jobs. That still means that you're going to have some net job loss, but at least we can start slowing the trend and moving it in the right direction. 那是与我交谈过的共和党和民主党、保守派和自由派经济学家所提出的，他们指出，鉴于这场危机的严重程度以及它在全球范围内发生的事实，我们有必要制定一项规模和范围足够的法案，以便拯救或创造400万个就业岗位。这仍然意味着会有一些净失业，但至少我们可以开始减缓这一趋势，并将其引向正确的方向。
Now, the recovery and reinvestment package is not the only thing we have to do. It's one leg of the stool. We are still going to have to make sure that we are attracting private capital, get the credit markets flowing again, because that's the lifeblood of the economy. And so tomorrow my Treasury secretary, Tim Geithner, will be announcing some very clear and specific plans for how we are going to start loosening up credit once again. 现在，复苏和再投资计划不是我们唯一要做的。它只是整个方案的一个支柱。我们仍然需要确保吸引私人资本，让信贷市场重新运转起来，因为那是经济的命脉。所以明天我的财政部长蒂姆·盖特纳将宣布一些非常清晰具体的计划，说明我们将如何开始再次松动信贷。
And that means having some transparency and oversight in the system. 这意味着在体系中增加透明度和监督。
It means that we correct some of the mistakes, with TARP, that were made earlier, the lack of consistency, the lack of clarity, in terms of how the program was going to move forward. 这意味着我们要纠正之前TARP计划中犯的一些错误，即在计划如何推进方面缺乏一致性和明确性。
It means that we condition taxpayer dollars that are being provided, to the banks, on them showing some restraint when it comes to executive compensation, not using the money to charter corporate jets when they're not necessary. 这意味着我们要对提供给银行的纳税人资金附加条件，要求他们在高管薪酬方面有所节制，不要用这些钱在不必要的时候包租公务飞机。
It means that we focus on housing and how are we going to help homeowners that are suffering foreclosure or homeowners who are still making their mortgage payments but are seeing their property values decline. 这意味着我们要关注住房问题，关注如何帮助那些面临止赎的房主，以及那些仍在偿还抵押贷款但眼看着房产价值下跌的房主。
So there's going to be a whole range of approaches that we have to take for dealing with the economy. My bottom line is to make sure that we are saving or creating 4 million jobs, we are making sure that the financial system is working again, that homeowners are getting some relief. 所以我们应对经济问题需要采取一系列措施。我的底线是确保我们拯救或创造400万个就业岗位，确保金融体系重新运转，确保房主获得一些缓解。
And I'm happy to get good ideas from across the political spectrum, from Democrats and Republicans. 我很乐意从政治光谱的各个方向、从民主党和共和党那里获得好主意。
What I won't do is return to the failed theories of the last eight years that got us into this fix in the first place, because those theories have been tested and they have failed. And that's part of what the election in November was all about. Okay? 我不会做的是回到过去八年让我们陷入困境的失败理论，因为这些理论已经被检验过，而且它们已经失败了。这也是去年11月大选的部分意义所在。好的？
Caren Bohan of Reuters. 路透社的卡伦·博汉。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. I'd like to shift gears to foreign policy. What is your strategy for engaging Iran, and when will you start to implement it? Will your time table be affected at all by the Iranian elections? And are you getting any indications that Iran is interested in a dialogue with the United States? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。我想把话题转到外交政策上。您对接触伊朗的策略是什么，您何时开始实施？您的时间表会受到伊朗选举的影响吗？您是否看到任何迹象表明伊朗有兴趣与美国进行对话？
President Obama: I said during the campaign that Iran is a country that has extraordinary people, extraordinary history and traditions, but that its actions over many years now have been unhelpful when it comes to promoting peace and prosperity both in the region and around the world; 奥巴马总统：我在竞选期间说过，伊朗是一个拥有非凡人民、非凡历史和传统的国家，但它多年来的行为在促进该地区和世界和平与繁荣方面一直没有起到积极作用；
that their attacks or their financing of terrorist organizations like Hezbollah and Hamas, the bellicose language that they've used towards Israel, their development of a nuclear weapon or their pursuit of a nuclear weapon -- that all of those things create the possibility of destabilizing the region and are not only contrary to our interests, but I think are contrary to the interests of international peace. 他们袭击或资助真主党和哈马斯等恐怖组织，对以色列使用好战的语言，发展核武器或追求核武器——所有这些都可能破坏该地区的稳定，不仅违背我们的利益，而且我认为也违背国际和平的利益。
What I've also said is that we should take an approach with Iran that employs all of the resources at the United States' disposal, and that includes diplomacy. And so my national security team is currently reviewing our existing Iran policy, looking at areas where we can have constructive dialogue, where we can directly engage with them. 我还说过，我们应该采取一种动用美国所有资源的方式来对待伊朗，其中包括外交手段。因此我的国家安全团队目前正在审查我们现有的对伊政策，寻找我们可以进行建设性对话的领域，寻找我们可以与他们直接接触的领域。
And my expectation is, in the coming months, we will be looking for openings that can be created where we can start sitting across the table, face to face; of diplomatic overtures that will allow us to move our policy in a new direction. 我的期望是，在未来几个月里，我们将寻找可以创造的契机，开始面对面坐在谈判桌前；通过外交姿态让我们的政策走向新的方向。
There's been a lot of mistrust built up over the years, so it's not going to happen overnight. 多年来已经积累了很多不信任，所以这不会在一夜之间发生。
And it's important that even as we engage in this direct diplomacy, we are very clear about certain deep concerns that we have as a country, that Iran understands that we find the funding of terrorist organizations unacceptable, that we're clear about the fact that a nuclear Iran could set off a nuclear arms race in the region that would be profoundly destabilizing. 重要的是，即使在我们进行这种直接外交的同时，我们也要非常明确地表达我们作为一个国家的某些深切关切，要让伊朗明白我们认为资助恐怖组织是不可接受的，要清楚地表明一个拥有核武器的伊朗可能在该地区引发核军备竞赛，那将是极度破坏稳定的。
So there are going to be a set of objectives that we have in these conversations, but I think that there's the possibility, at least, of a relationship of mutual respect and progress. 所以我们在这些对话中将有一系列目标，但我认为至少存在相互尊重和进步的关系的可能性。
And I think that if you look at how we've approached the Middle East, my designation of George Mitchell as a special envoy to help deal with the Arab-Israeli situation, some of the interviews that I've given, it indicates the degree to which we want to do things differently in the region. Now it's time for Iran to send some signals that it wants to act differently as well and recognize that even as it is has some rights as a member of the international community, with those rights come responsibilities. 我认为，如果你看看我们处理中东问题的方式，我任命乔治·米切尔为特使来帮助处理阿以局势，我接受的一些采访，都表明了我们在该地区想要采取不同做法的程度。现在是伊朗发出信号的时候了，表明它也想采取不同的行动，并认识到即使它作为国际社会成员享有某些权利，这些权利也伴随着责任。
Okay. 好的。
President Obama: Chip Reid. 奥巴马总统：奇普·里德。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。
You have often said that bipartisanship is extraordinarily important overall and in this stimulus package. But now when we ask your advisers about the lack of bipartisanship so far -- zero votes in the House, three in the Senate -- they say, well, it's not the number of votes that matters; it's the number of jobs that will be created. 您经常说两党合作在总体上以及在这次刺激计划中都非常重要。但现在当我们问您的顾问关于迄今缺乏两党合作的问题——众议院零票支持，参议院三票支持——他们说，重要的不是票数，而是将要创造的就业岗位数量。
Is that a sign that you are moving away, your White House is moving away, from this emphasis on bipartisanship? And what went wrong? Did you underestimate how hard it would be to change the way Washington worked? 这是否意味着您、您的白宫正在放弃对两党合作的强调？哪里出了问题？您是否低估了改变华盛顿运作方式的难度？
President Obama: I don't think I underestimated it. I don't think the American people underestimated it. They understand that there have been a lot of bad habits built up here in Washington. And it's going to take time to break down some of those bad habits. 奥巴马总统：我不认为我低估了它。我也不认为美国人民低估了它。他们明白华盛顿这里积累了很多坏习惯。打破这些坏习惯需要时间。
You know, when I made a series of overtures to the Republicans -- going over to meet with both Republican caucuses, you know, putting three Republicans in my Cabinet, something that is unprecedented, making sure that they were invited here to the White House, to talk about the economic recovery plan -- all those were not designed simply to get some short-term votes. They were designed to try to build up some trust over time. 你知道，当我向共和党人做出一系列姿态时——去与两个共和党党团会面，让三名共和党人进入我的内阁，这是史无前例的，确保他们被邀请到白宫来讨论经济复苏计划——所有这些都不是仅仅为了获得一些短期选票。它们是为了试图逐步建立一些信任。
And I think that, as I continue to make these overtures, over time, hopefully that will be reciprocated. 我认为，随着我继续做出这些姿态，随着时间的推移，希望这能得到回应。
But understand the bottom line that I've got right now, which is what's happening to the people of Elkhart and what's happening across the country. I can't afford to see Congress play the usual political games. What we have to do right now is deliver for the American people. 但请理解我现在的底线，那就是埃尔克哈特人民正在经历的以及全国正在经历的。我不能让国会玩弄那些惯常的政治把戏。我们现在必须为美国人民办实事。
So my bottom line when it comes to the recovery package is send me a bill that creates or saves 4 million jobs, because everybody has to be possessed with a sense of urgency about putting people back to work, making sure that folks are staying in their homes, that they can send their kids to college. 所以我在复苏计划上的底线是，给我送来一项能创造或拯救400万个就业岗位的法案，因为每个人都必须怀着紧迫感让人民重返工作岗位，确保人们能留在自己的家中，能把孩子送进大学。
That doesn't negate the continuing efforts that I'm going to make to listen and engage with my Republican colleagues. And hopefully the tone that I've taken, which has been consistently civil and respectful, will pay some dividends over the long term. 这并不否定我将继续努力倾听并与我的共和党同事沟通。希望我一直以来所采取的始终文明和尊重的态度，从长远来看会带来一些回报。
There are going to be areas where we disagree and there are going to be areas where we agree. 我们会有分歧的领域，也会有共识的领域。
As I said, the one concern I've got on the stimulus package, in terms of the debate and listening to some of what's been said in Congress is that there seems to be a set of folks who -- I don't doubt their sincerity -- who just believe that we should do nothing. 正如我所说，关于刺激计划，在辩论和倾听国会中一些说法方面，我的一个担忧是，似乎有一批人——我不怀疑他们的真诚——就是认为我们什么都不应该做。
Now, if that's their opening position or their closing position in negotiations, then we're probably not going to make much progress, because I don't think that's economically sound and I don't think that's what the American people expect, is for us to stand by and do nothing. 现在，如果那是他们在谈判中的开场立场或最终立场，那我们可能不会取得太大进展，因为我认为这在经济上是不合理的，我也不认为美国人民期望我们袖手旁观、无所作为。
There are others who recognize that we've got to do a significant recovery package but they're concerned about the mix of what's in there. And if they're sincere about it, then I'm happy to have conversations about this tax cut versus that tax cut or this infrastructure project versus that infrastructure project. 还有一些人承认我们必须推出一个大规模的经济复苏计划，但他们对该计划中的内容构成有所顾虑。如果他们是真诚的，那么我很乐意就这项减税还是那项减税、这个基础设施项目还是那个基础设施项目进行讨论。
But what I've been concerned about is some of the language that's been used suggesting that this is full of pork and this is wasteful government spending, so on and so forth. 但我一直感到担忧的是，有些人使用的一些措辞暗示这个计划充斥着政治分肥，是浪费的政府支出，如此种种。
First of all, when I hear that from folks who presided over a doubling of the national debt, then, you know, I just want them to not engage in some revisionist history. I inherited the deficit that we have right now and the economic crisis that we have right now. 首先，当我听到那些主导了国家债务翻番的人说这话时，我只是希望他们不要进行某种修正主义的历史解读。我继承的是我们目前面临的赤字和经济危机。
Number two is that, although there are some programs in there that I think are good policy, some of them aren't job creators. I think it's perfectly legitimate to say that those programs should be out of this particular recovery package, and we can deal with them later. 第二，虽然计划中有些项目我认为是好政策，但其中一些并不能创造就业。我认为完全有理由说，这些项目应该从这个特定的复苏计划中剔除，我们可以以后再处理它们。
But when they start characterizing this as pork without acknowledging that there are no earmarks in this package -- something, again, that was pretty rare over the last eight years -- then you get a feeling that maybe we're playing politics instead of actually trying to solve problems for the American people. 但是当他们开始将其定性为政治分肥，却不承认这个计划中没有任何专项拨款——再次说明，这在过去八年里是相当罕见的——那你就会觉得，也许我们是在玩政治游戏，而不是真正试图为美国人民解决问题。
So I'm going to keep on engaging. I hope that as we get the Senate and the House bills together, that everybody is willing to give a little bit. I suspect that the package that emerges is not going to be a hundred percent of what I want. 所以我会继续沟通。我希望在参众两院的法案合并时，每个人都愿意做出一些让步。我怀疑最终出台的计划不会百分之百是我想要的。
But my bottom line is, are we creating 4 million jobs, and are we laying the foundation for long-term economic growth? 但我的底线是，我们是否在创造400万个就业岗位，是否在为长期经济增长奠定基础？
This is another concern that I've had in some of the arguments that I'm hearing. When people suggest that what a waste of money to make federal buildings more energy-efficient -- why would that be a waste of money? 这是我在听到的一些论调中一直存在的另一个担忧。当人们说让联邦建筑更节能是浪费钱时——那怎么会是浪费钱呢？
We're creating jobs immediately by retrofitting these buildings or weatherizing 2 million Americans' homes, as was called for in the package. So that right there creates economic stimulus, and we are saving taxpayers, when it comes to federal buildings, potentially $2 billion. In the case of homeowners, they will see more money in their pockets. And we're reducing our dependence on foreign oil in the Middle East. Why wouldn't we want to make that kind of investment? 通过对这些建筑进行节能改造，或者按照计划为200万美国人的住宅进行防寒保暖改造，我们立即创造了就业。这本身就刺激了经济，而且在联邦建筑方面，我们可能为纳税人节省20亿美元。对房主来说，他们口袋里会有更多钱。同时我们也在减少对中东外国石油的依赖。我们为什么不愿意进行这样的投资呢？
Now, maybe philosophically you just don't think that the federal government should be involved in energy policy. I happen to disagree with that. I think that's the reason why we find ourselves importing more foreign oil right now than we did back in the early '70s, when OPEC first formed. 当然，也许在哲学理念上你就是认为联邦政府不应该参与能源政策。我碰巧不同意这种看法。我认为这正是为什么我们现在进口的外国石油比上世纪70年代初欧佩克刚成立时还要多的原因。
And we can have a respectful debate about whether or not we should be involved in energy policymaking, but don't suggest that somehow that's wasteful spending. That's exactly what this country needs. 关于我们是否应该参与能源政策制定，我们可以进行一场相互尊重的辩论，但不要暗示这是浪费性支出。这恰恰是这个国家所需要的。
The same applies when it comes to information technologies and health care. We know that health care is crippling businesses and making us less competitive, as well as breaking the banks of families all across America. And part of the reason is we've got the most inefficient health care system imaginable. We're still using paper. We're still filing things in triplicate. 信息技术和医疗保健方面也是如此。我们知道，医疗保健正在拖累企业，削弱我们的竞争力，同时也在让全美各地的家庭破产。部分原因是我们拥有能想象到的最低效的医疗保健系统。我们还在使用纸张。我们还在一式三份地归档。
Nurses can't read the prescriptions that doctors have written out. Why wouldn't we want to put that on an electronic medical record that will reduce error rates, reduce our long-term cost of health care, and create jobs right now? 护士看不懂医生写的处方。我们为什么不想将其纳入电子病历系统，以降低错误率、降低长期的医疗成本，并立即创造就业呢？
Education, yet another example. The suggestion is, why should the federal government be involved in school construction? Well, I visited a school down in South Carolina that was built in the 1850s. Kids are still learning in that school -- as best they can. 教育是另一个例子。有人质疑，联邦政府为什么要参与学校建设？我去过南卡罗来纳州的一所学校，它建于19世纪50年代。孩子们至今仍在那所学校里学习——尽其所能地学习。
When the railroad -- it's right next to a railroad, and when the train runs by the whole building shakes and the teacher has to stop teaching for a while. The auditorium is completely broken down and they can't use it. So why wouldn't we want to build state-of-the-art schools with science labs that are teaching our kids the skills they need for the 21st century, that will enhance our economy and, by the way, right now will create jobs? 学校就在铁路旁边，火车经过时整栋楼都在晃动，老师不得不暂停教学。礼堂完全破败不堪，无法使用。那么我们为什么不想建造配备科学实验室的现代化学校，教授孩子们21世纪所需的技能，这将促进我们的经济发展，而且顺便说一下，现在就能创造就业？
So, you know, we can differ on some of the particulars, but again, the question I think that the American people are asking is, do you just want government to do nothing, or do you want it to do something? If you want it to do something, then we can have a conversation. But doing nothing -- that's not an option from my perspective. 所以，我们可以在一些细节上存在分歧，但我认为美国人民在问的问题是，你究竟是希望政府什么都不做，还是希望它有所作为？如果你希望它有所作为，那我们就可以对话。但什么都不做——在我看来这不是一个选项。
All right. Chuck Todd. Where's Chuck? 好的。查克·托德。查克在哪里？
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. In your opening remarks, you talked about that if your plan works the way you want it to work, it's going to increase consumer spending. But isn't consumer spending, or over-spending, how we got into this mess? And if people get money back into their pockets, do you not want them saving it or paying down debt first, before they start spending money into the economy? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。在您的开场白中，您谈到如果您的计划按您希望的方式奏效，将会增加消费支出。但难道不是消费支出，或者说过度消费，才让我们陷入这个困境的吗？如果人们口袋里又有了钱，您难道不希望他们先储蓄或偿还债务，然后再开始把钱花到经济中吗？
President Obama: Well, first of all, I don't think it's accurate to say that consumer spending got us into this mess. What got us into this mess initially were banks taking exorbitant, wild risks with other people's monies, based on shaky assets. And because of the enormous leverage, where they had $1 worth of assets and they were betting $30 on that $1, what we had was a crisis in the financial system. 奥巴马总统：首先，我认为说消费支出让我们陷入这个困境并不准确。最初让我们陷入困境的是银行拿别人的钱进行高昂的、疯狂的风险投资，而这些投资基于不稳定的资产。由于巨大的杠杆效应，他们用1美元的资产去押注30美元，结果我们遭遇了金融系统的危机。
That led to a contraction of credit, which in turn meant businesses couldn't make payroll or make inventories, which meant that everybody became uncertain about the future of the economy. 这导致了信贷收缩，进而意味着企业无法支付工资或备货，这意味着每个人都对经济的未来感到不确定。
So people started making decisions accordingly, reducing investments, initiating layoffs, which in turn made things worse. 于是人们开始据此做出决策，减少投资，开始裁员，这反过来又使情况恶化。
Now, you are making a legitimate point, Chuck, about the fact that our savings rate has declined. And this economy has been driven by consumer spending for a very long time. And that's not going to be sustainable. You know, if all we're doing is spending and we're not making things, then over time, other countries are going to get tired of lending us money. And eventually the party's going to be over. 查克，你提出的关于我们的储蓄率下降这一点是合理的。而且长期以来，这个经济一直由消费支出驱动。这是不可持续的。要知道，如果我们所做的只是消费而不生产，那么久而久之，其他国家会厌倦借钱给我们。最终，这场派对将会结束。
Well, in fact, the party now is over. And so the sequence of how we're approaching this is as follows. Our immediate job is to stop the downward spiral. And that means putting money into consumers' pockets. It means loosening up credit. 事实上，这场派对现在已经结束了。所以我们处理这件事的顺序如下。我们眼前的工作是阻止这种螺旋式下滑。这意味着要把钱放进消费者的口袋。意味着要放松信贷。
It means putting forward investments that not only employ people immediately but also lay the groundwork for long-term economic growth. And that by the way is important, even if you're a fiscal conservative, because the biggest problem we're going to have, with our federal budget, is if we continue a situation in which there are no tax revenues, because economic growth is plummeting at the same time as we've got more demands for unemployment insurance; 意味着要推进那些不仅能立即雇用人，还能为长期经济增长奠定基础的投资。顺便说一句，这一点很重要，即使你是财政保守派也会认同，因为我们的联邦预算将面临的最大问题是，如果我们继续这种没有税收收入的局面，因为经济增长在暴跌，同时我们对失业保险的需求却在增加；
we've got more demands for people who've lost their health care, more demand for food stamps. That will put enormous strains on the federal budget as well as the state budget. 对那些失去医疗保险的人有更多需求，对食品券有更多需求。这将给联邦预算以及各州预算带来巨大压力。
So the most important thing we can do for our budget crisis right now is to make sure that the economy doesn't continue to tank. And that's why passing the Economic Recovery Plan is the right thing to do, even though I recognize that it's expensive. 所以我们现在能为预算危机做的最重要的事情，就是确保经济不会继续崩盘。这就是为什么通过经济复苏计划是正确的做法，尽管我承认它代价高昂。
Look, I would love not to have to spend money right now. I'd -- you know, this notion that somehow I came in here just ginned up to spend $800 billion, you know, that -- that wasn't how I envisioned my presidency beginning. But we have to adapt to existing circumstances. 听着，我也希望现在不必花钱。要知道，那种认为我上台时就兴致勃勃要花掉8000亿美元的想法——那并不是我对总统任期开局的设想。但我们必须适应现实情况。
Now, what we are going to also have to do is to make sure that as soon as the economy stabilizes, investment begins again; we're no longer contracting, but we're growing; that our midterm and long-term budget is dealt with. 现在，我们还必须做的是确保一旦经济稳定下来、投资重新开始；我们不再收缩，而是在增长；那么我们就要处理中期和长期预算问题。
And I think the same is true for individual consumers. Right now, they're just trying to figure out how do I make sure that if I lose my job, you know, I'm still going to be able to make my mortgage payments. 我认为对个人消费者来说也是如此。现在，他们只是在想，如果我失业了，我怎么还能继续偿还房贷。
Or they're worried about, how am I going to pay next month's bills? So they're not engaging in a lot of long-term financial planning. 或者他们在担心，我怎么支付下个月的账单？所以他们没有进行太多的长期财务规划。
Once the economy stabilizes and people are less fearful, then I do think that we're going to have to start thinking about how do we operate more prudently, because there's no such thing as a free lunch. 一旦经济稳定下来，人们不再那么恐惧，那么我确实认为我们将不得不开始思考如何更审慎地行事，因为天下没有免费的午餐。
So if you want to buy a house, then putting zero down and buying a house that is probably not affordable for you in case something goes wrong, that's something that has to be reconsidered. 所以如果你想买房，那么零首付购买一套万一出问题你可能负担不起的房子，这是需要重新考虑的事情。
So we're going to have to change our bad habits. But right now, the key is making sure that we pull ourselves out of the economic slump that we're in. 所以我们将不得不改变我们的坏习惯。但现在，关键是确保我们把自己从所处的经济低谷中拉出来。
All right. Julianna Goldman, Bloomberg. 好的。朱莉安娜·戈德曼，彭博社。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Many experts, from Nouriel Roubini to Senator Schumer, have said that it will cost the government more than a trillion dollars to really fix the financial system. During the campaign, you promised the American people that you won't just tell them what they want to hear, but what they need to hear. Won't the government need far more than the $350 billion that's remaining in the financial rescue fund to really solve the credit crisis? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。许多专家，从努里尔·鲁比尼到舒默参议员，都表示真正修复金融系统将花费政府超过一万亿美元。在竞选期间，您向美国人民承诺，您不仅会告诉他们想听的话，还会告诉他们需要听的话。政府难道不需要比金融救助基金中剩余的3500亿美元多得多的钱来真正解决信贷危机吗？
President Obama: Well, the credit crisis is real. And it's not over. I mean, we averted catastrophe by passing the TARP legislation. But as I said before, because of a lack of clarity and consistency in how it was applied, a lack of oversight in how the money went out, we didn't get as a big of a bang for the buck as we should have. 奥巴马总统：信贷危机是真实的。而且还没有结束。我的意思是，我们通过通过TARP立法避免了灾难。但正如我之前所说，由于在执行过程中缺乏明确性和一致性，对资金发放缺乏监督，我们没有获得应有的效果。
My immediate task is making sure that the second half of that money, $350 billion, is spent properly. That's my first job. Before I even think about what else I've got to do, my first task is to make sure that my secretary of the Treasury, Tim Geithner, working with Larry Summers, my national economic adviser, and others, are coming up with the best possible plan to use this money wisely, in a way that's transparent, in a way that provides clear oversight; 我的当务之急是确保那笔资金的另一半，即3500亿美元，得到妥善使用。这是我的首要任务。在我甚至考虑还必须做什么之前，我的首要任务是确保我的财政部长蒂姆·盖特纳，与我的国家经济顾问拉里·萨默斯等人合作，拿出尽可能好的方案，以透明的方式、有明确监督的方式明智地使用这笔钱；
that we are conditioning any money that we give to banks on them reducing executive compensation to reasonable levels and to make sure that they're not wasting that money. 我们要把给银行的任何资金附加条件，要求他们将高管薪酬降至合理水平，并确保他们不会浪费这笔钱。
We are going to have to work with the banks in an effective way to clean up their balance sheets so that some trust is restored within the marketplace, because right now part of the problem is that nobody really knows what's on the banks' books. Any given bank, they're not sure what kinds of losses are there. We've got to open things up and restore some trust. 我们将不得不与银行有效合作，清理其资产负债表，以恢复市场中的某种信任，因为现在部分问题是没有人真正知道银行的账目上有什么。任何一家银行，他们都不确定存在什么样的损失。我们必须开放账目，恢复某种信任。
We also have to deal with the housing issue in a clear and consistent way. 我们还必须以明确和一致的方式处理住房问题。
I don't want to preempt my secretary of the Treasury; he's going to be laying out these principles in great detail tomorrow. But my instruction to him has been let's get this right, let's create a template in which we're restoring market confidence. 我不想抢先于我的财政部长发言；他明天将详细阐述这些原则。但我对他的指示是，我们要把这件事做好，我们要创建一个模板，借此恢复市场信心。
And the reason that's so important is because we don't know yet whether we're going to need additional money or how much additional money we'll need until we've seen how successful we are at restoring a sense of confidence in a marketplace that the federal government and the Federal Reserve Bank and the FDIC, working in concert, know what they're doing. 之所以如此重要，是因为我们还不知道是否需要额外资金，或者需要多少额外资金，直到我们看到我们在恢复市场信心方面有多成功——让市场相信联邦政府、联邦储备银行和联邦存款保险公司协同行动，知道自己在做什么。
That can make a big difference, in terms of whether or not we attract private capital back into the marketplace. And ultimately the government cannot substitute for all the private capital that has been withdrawn from the system. We've got to restore confidence, so that private capital goes back in. 这在我们能否吸引私人资本回流市场方面可能产生重大影响。最终，政府无法替代所有从系统中撤出的私人资本。我们必须恢复信心，让私人资本重新流入。
Okay. Jake. 好的。杰克。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. My question follows Julianna's in content. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。我的问题在内容上承接朱莉安娜的问题。
The American people have seen hundreds of billions of dollars spent already. And still the economy continues to free-fall. Beyond avoiding the national catastrophe that you've warned about, once all the legs of your stool are in place -- 美国人民已经看到数千亿美元被花掉。但经济仍在继续自由落体。除了避免您所警告的全国性灾难之外，一旦您计划的所有支柱都到位——
President Obama: Right. 奥巴马总统：对。
Question: -- how can the American people gauge whether or not your programs are working? 提问：——美国人民如何衡量您的计划是否奏效？
Can they -- should they be looking at the metric of the stock market, home foreclosures, unemployment? What metric should they use? When? And how will they know if it's working or whether or not we need to go to a Plan B? 他们能不能——他们应该关注股票市场、房屋止赎、失业率这些指标吗？他们应该用什么指标？什么时候？他们又如何知道计划是否奏效，或者我们是否需要转向B计划？
President Obama: I think my initial measure of success is creating or saving 4 million jobs. That's bottom line number one, because if people are working, then they've got enough confidence to make purchases, to make investments. Businesses start seeing that consumers are out there with a little more confidence. And they start making investments, which means they start hiring workers. 奥巴马总统：我认为我初步的成功衡量标准是创造或保住400万个就业岗位。这是最根本的第一条底线，因为如果人们有工作，他们就有足够的信心去消费、去投资。企业开始看到消费者有了更多的信心，于是他们开始投资，这意味着他们开始雇佣工人。
So step number one, job creation. 所以第一步，创造就业。
Step number two, are we seeing the credit markets operate effectively? You know, I can't tell you how many businesses that I talk to that are successful businesses but just can't get credit. Part of the problem in Elkhart that I heard about today was the fact that this is the RV capital of America. You've got a bunch of RV companies that have customers who want to purchase RVs, but even though their credit is good, they can't get the loan. 第二步，信贷市场是否在有效运转？你知道，我跟数不清的企业交谈过，它们经营得很成功，但就是拿不到信贷。今天我在埃尔克哈特听到的部分问题就是，这里是美国的房车之都。有很多房车公司有想购买房车的客户，但即使他们信用良好，也拿不到贷款。
Now, the businesses also can't get loans to make payments to their suppliers. But when they have consumers, consumers can't get the loans that they need. So normalizing the credit markets is, I think, step number two. 现在，企业也拿不到贷款来向供应商付款。但当他们有消费者时，消费者又拿不到所需的贷款。所以使信贷市场恢复正常，我认为是第二步。
Step number three is going to be housing. Have we stabilized the housing market? Now, you know, the federal government doesn't have complete control over that. But if our plan is effective, working with the Federal Reserve Bank, working with the FDIC, I think what we can do is stem the rate of foreclosure and we can start stabilizing housing values over time. 第三步是住房。我们是否稳定了住房市场？你知道，联邦政府并不能完全控制这一点。但如果我们的计划有效，与美联储合作，与联邦存款保险公司合作，我认为我们能做的是遏制止赎率上升，并逐渐开始稳定住房价值。
And the biggest measure of success is whether we stop contracting and shedding jobs, and we start growing again. Now, I don't have a crystal ball, and as I said, this is an unprecedented crisis. But my hope is that after a difficult year -- and this year is going to be a difficult year -- that businesses start investing again, they start making decisions that, you know, in fact, there's money to be made out there; 最大的成功衡量标准是我们是否停止了经济萎缩和就业流失，是否开始重新增长。我没有水晶球，正如我所说，这是一场前所未有的危机。但我的希望是，在经历艰难的一年之后——今年将会是艰难的一年——企业开始重新投资，他们开始做出决定，你知道，事实上有钱可赚；
customers -- or consumers start feeling that their jobs are stable and safe, and they start making purchases again. And if we get things right then, starting next year, we can start seeing some significant improvement. 客户——或者说消费者开始感到他们的工作是稳定和安全的，他们开始重新消费。如果我们做对了，从明年开始，我们就能看到显著的改善。
Ed Henry. Where's Ed? CNN. There he is. 艾德·亨利。艾德在哪里？CNN的。他就在那儿。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. You've promised to send more troops to Afghanistan. And since you've been very clear about a time table to withdraw our combat troops from Iraq within 16 months, I wonder what's your time table to withdraw troops eventually from Afghanistan? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。您承诺向阿富汗增派军队。既然您已经明确表示在16个月内从伊拉克撤出作战部队的时间表，我想知道您最终从阿富汗撤军的时间表是什么？
And related to that, there's a Pentagon policy that bans media coverage of the flag-draped coffins from coming into Dover Air Force Base. And back in 2004, then-Senator Joe Biden said that it was shameful for dead soldiers to be, quote, "snuck back into the country under the cover of night." 与此相关的是，五角大楼有一项政策，禁止媒体覆盖从多佛空军基地运回的覆盖国旗的棺材的报道。早在2004年，当时的参议员乔·拜登说，阵亡士兵被"在夜幕掩护下偷偷运回国"，这是可耻的。
You've promised unprecedented transparency, openness in your government. Will you overturn that policy, so the American people can see the full human cost of war? 您承诺在您的政府中实现前所未有的透明和开放。您会推翻那项政策吗，让美国人民能看到战争的全部人员代价？
President Obama: Your question is timely. We got reports that four American service members have been killed in Iraq today. And you know, obviously our thoughts and prayers go out to the families. 奥巴马总统：你的问题很及时。我们收到报告，今天有四名美国军人在伊拉克阵亡。你知道，显然我们的思念和祈祷与他们的家人同在。
I've said before that, you know, people have asked me, "When did it hit you that you are now president?" And what I told them was the most sobering moment is signing letters to the families of our fallen heroes. It reminds you of the responsibilities that you carry in this office and the consequences of decisions that you make. 我之前说过，你知道，有人问我，"你什么时候意识到自己现在是总统了？"我告诉他们，最令人沉重的时刻是签署给我们阵亡英雄家属的信件。它提醒你在这间办公室中肩负的责任，以及你所做决定的后果。
Now with respect to the policy of opening up media to loved ones being brought back home, we are in the process of reviewing those policies in conversations with the Department of Defense. So I don't want to give you an answer now, before I've evaluated that review and understand all the implications involved. 现在关于允许媒体覆盖亲人遗骸被运回国的政策，我们正在与国防部沟通，审查这些政策。所以我不想在评估那份审查报告并了解所有相关影响之前给你一个答案。
With respect to Afghanistan, this is going to be a big challenge. I think, because of the extraordinary work done by our troops and some very good diplomatic work done by Ambassador Crocker in Iraq, we just saw an election in Iraq that went relatively peacefully, and you get a sense that the political system is now functioning in a meaningful way. 关于阿富汗，这将是一个巨大的挑战。我认为，由于我们的军队所做出的非凡工作，以及克罗克大使在伊拉克所做的出色外交工作，我们刚刚看到伊拉克的选举相对和平地进行，你能感觉到政治体系现在正在以有意义的方式运作。
You do not see that yet in Afghanistan. They've got elections coming up, but effectively the national government seems very detached from what's going on in the surrounding community. In addition, you've got the Taliban and al Qaeda operating in the FATA and these border regions between Afghanistan and Pakistan. And what we haven't seen is the kind of concerted effort to root out those safe havens that would ultimately make our mission successful. 你在阿富汗还看不到这一点。他们即将举行选举，但实际上国家政府似乎与周边社区正在发生的事情非常脱节。此外，塔利班和基地组织在联邦直辖部落地带以及阿富汗和巴基斯坦之间的边境地区活动。而我们还没有看到那种根除那些安全避难所的协调行动，那最终才能使我们的使命取得成功。
So we are undergoing a thorough-going review. Not only is General Petraeus, now the head of CENTCOM, conducting his own review, he's now working in concert with the special envoy that I've sent over -- Richard Holbrooke, one of our top diplomats -- to evaluate a regional approach. 所以我们正在进行一次全面的审查。不仅现任中央司令部司令彼得雷乌斯将军在进行他自己的审查，他现在还与我派出的特使——我们最优秀的外交官之一理查德·霍尔布鲁克——协调合作，评估一种区域性的方法。
We are going to need more effective coordination of our military efforts with diplomatic efforts with development efforts with more effective coordination with our allies in order for us to be successful. 我们需要在军事行动与外交行动、发展行动之间进行更有效的协调，并与我们的盟友进行更有效的协调，才能取得成功。
The bottom line, though -- and I just want to remember the American people, because this is going to be difficult -- is this is a situation in which a region served as the base to launch an attack that killed 3,000 Americans. And this past week I met with families of those who were lost in 9/11, a reminder of the costs of allowing those safe havens to exist. 但底线是——我只想提醒美国人民，因为这将会很艰难——这个地区曾经作为发动袭击的基地，那次袭击造成3000名美国人丧生。上周我会见了在9/11中失去亲人的家庭，这提醒我们允许那些安全避难所存在所要付出的代价。
My bottom line is that we cannot allow al Qaeda to operate. We cannot have those safe havens in that region. And we're going to have to work both smartly and effectively, but with consistency, in order to make sure that those safe havens don't exist. 我的底线是我们不能允许基地组织活动。我们不能让那个地区存在安全避难所。我们必须既聪明又有效地，同时持之以恒地工作，以确保那些安全避难所不复存在。
I do not have yet a timetable for how long that's going to take. What I know is I'm not going to allow al Qaeda or bin Laden to operate with impunity planning attacks on the U.S. homeland. All right. 我还没有关于这需要多长时间的时间表。我所知道的是，我不会允许基地组织或本·拉登逍遥法外，策划对美国本土的袭击。好的。
Helene Cooper. Where is Helene? Here you go. 海伦·库珀。海伦在哪里？轮到你了。
Question: Thank you, sir. 提问：谢谢您，先生。
I wanted to ask you, on the next bank bailout, are you going to impose a requirement that the financial institutions use this money to loosen up credit and make new lending? And if not, how do you make the case to the American people that this bailout will work when the last one didn't? 我想问您，关于下一次银行救助，您是否会施加要求，让金融机构用这些资金来放松信贷并发放新贷款？如果不的话，您如何向美国人民证明这次救助会奏效，而上一次却没有？
President Obama: Again, Helene, I -- and I'm trying to avoid preempting my secretary of the Treasury; I want all of you to show up at his press conference as well. He's going to be terrific. 奥巴马总统：再说一遍，海伦，我——我试图避免抢了我财政部长的风头；我希望你们所有人也能出席他的新闻发布会。他会非常出色的。
But this relates to Jake's earlier question. One of my bottom lines is whether or not credit is flowing to the people who need it. Is it flowing to banks? Is -- excuse me; is it flowing to businesses, large and small? Is it flowing to consumers? Are they able to operate in ways that translate into jobs and economic growth on Main Street? 但这与杰克之前的问题有关。我的底线之一是信贷是否流向了需要它的人。它是否流向了银行？——对不起；它是否流向了大大小小的企业？它是否流向了消费者？他们能否以转化为主街上的就业和经济增长的方式运作？
And the package that we've put together is designed to help do that. And beyond that, I'm going to make sure that Tim gets his moment in the sun tomorrow, all right? 我们提出的方案正是旨在帮助实现这一目标。除此之外，我要确保蒂姆明天有他大显身手的时刻，好的？
Major Garrett. Where is Major? 梅杰·加勒特。梅杰在哪里？
Question: Mr. President, at a speech Friday that many of us covered, Vice President Biden said the following thing about a conversation the two of you had in the Oval Office about a subject he didn't disclose. "If we do everything right, if we do it with absolute certainty, if we stand up there and we really make the tough decisions, there's still a 30 percent chance we're going to get it wrong." 提问：总统先生，在周五我们很多人报道的一次演讲中，拜登副总统谈到你们两人在椭圆形办公室的一次对话时说了以下这番话，他没有透露主题。"如果我们做对了一切，如果我们有绝对的把握，如果我们站出来真正做出艰难的决定，仍然有30%的几率我们会做错。"
Since the vice president brought it up, can you tell the American people, sir, what you were talking about? And if not, can you at least reassure them it wasn't the stimulus bill or the bank rescue plan and if in general you agree with that ratio of success, 30 percent failure, 70 percent success? 既然是副总统提起了这件事，您能告诉美国人民，先生，你们在谈什么吗？如果不能，您能不能至少向他们保证那不是刺激法案或银行救助计划，以及您是否总体上同意那个成功比例，30%失败，70%成功？
President Obama: You know, I don't remember exactly what Joe was referring to, not surprisingly. But let me try this out. 奥巴马总统：你知道，我不太记得乔具体指的是什么，这也不奇怪。但让我试着说一下。
I think what Joe may have been suggesting, although I wouldn't ascribe any numerical percentage to any of this, is that given the magnitude of the challenges that we have, any single thing that we do is going to be part of the solution, not all of the solution. 我认为乔可能在暗示的是——尽管我不会给任何事情赋予具体的数字百分比——鉴于我们面临的挑战之巨大，我们做的任何单一事情都将是解决方案的一部分，而不是全部的解决方案。
And as I said in my introductory remarks, not everything we do is going to work out exactly as we intended it to work out. This is an unprecedented problem. And you know, when you talk to economists, there's some general sense of how we're going to move forward. 正如我在开场白中所说的，不是我们所做的一切都会完全按照我们的预期奏效。这是一个前所未有的问题。你知道，当你跟经济学家交谈时，对于我们将如何前进，有一些大致的共识。
There's some strong consensus about the need for a recovery package of a certain magnitude. There's a strong consensus that you shouldn't put all your eggs in one basket, all tax cuts or all investment, but that there should be a range of approaches. 对于需要一定规模的复苏方案，有强烈的共识。也有强烈的共识认为，你不应该把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，全是减税或全是投资，而应该有一系列的方法。
But even if we do everything right on that, we've still got to deal with what we just talked about, the financial system and making sure that banks are lending again. We're still going to have to deal with housing. We're still going to have to make sure that we've got a regulatory structure for the financial system that prevents crises like this from occurring again. Those are all big, complicated tasks. 但即使我们在那方面做对了一切，我们仍然需要处理我们刚才谈到的金融体系问题，确保银行重新放贷。我们仍然需要处理住房问题。我们仍然需要确保我们有一个金融体系的监管结构，防止像这样的危机再次发生。这些都是庞大而复杂的任务。
So I don't know whether Joe was referring to that, but I use that as a launching point to make a general point about these issues. 所以我不知道乔是否指的是那个，但我以此为出发点，就这些问题做一个一般性的阐述。
President Obama: I have no idea. I really don't. 奥巴马总统：我不知道。我真的不知道。
Michael Fletcher, The Washington Post. 迈克尔·弗莱彻，《华盛顿邮报》。
Question: Yeah, thank you, sir. What's your reaction to Alex Rodriguez's admission that he used steroids as a member of the Texas Rangers? 提问：是的，谢谢您，先生。您对亚历克斯·罗德里格斯承认在德克萨斯游骑兵队期间使用类固醇有何反应？
President Obama: Yeah, I think it's depressing news on top of what's been a flurry of depressing items, when it comes to Major League Baseball. 奥巴马总统：是的，我认为这是一条令人沮丧的消息，是在有关美国职业棒球大联盟一连串令人沮丧的消息之上又添一条。
And if you're a fan of Major League Baseball, I think it tarnishes an entire era, to some degree. And it's unfortunate, because I think there are a lot of ballplayers who played it straight. 如果你是美国职业棒球大联盟的球迷，我认为在某种程度上它玷污了整个时代。这很不幸，因为我认为有很多棒球运动员是堂堂正正打球的。
And you know, the thing I'm probably most concerned about is the message that it sends to our kids. 你知道，我可能最担心的是这传递给我们孩子们的信息。
What I'm pleased about is, Major League Baseball seems to finally be taking this seriously, to recognize how big of a problem this is for the sport, and that our kids hopefully are watching and saying: You know what? There are no shortcuts; that when you try to take shortcuts, you may end up tarnishing your entire career, and that your integrity's not worth it. That's the message I hope is communicated. 令我欣慰的是，美国职业棒球大联盟似乎终于开始认真对待这件事了，认识到这对这项运动来说是多么大的问题，而我们的孩子们希望正在关注并说：你知道吗？没有捷径；当你试图走捷径时，你最终可能会玷污你的整个职业生涯，而你的诚信不值得这样做。这就是我希望传达的信息。
All right. Helen. This is my inaugural moment here. I'm really excited. 好的。海伦。这是我就职以来的首次点名。我真的很激动。
Question: Mr. President, do you think that Pakistan and -- are maintaining the safe havens in Afghanistan for these so-called terrorists? And also, do you know of any country in the Middle East that has nuclear weapons? 提问：总统先生，您认为巴基斯坦是否——是否在阿富汗为这些所谓的恐怖分子维持着避难所？另外，您是否知道中东有任何国家拥有核武器？
President Obama: Well, I think that Pakistan -- there is no doubt that in the FATA region of Pakistan, in the mountainous regions along the border of Afghanistan, that there are safe havens where terrorists are operating. And one of the goals of Ambassador Holbrooke as he is traveling throughout the region is to deliver a message to Pakistan that they are endangered as much as we are by the continuation of those operations, and that we've got to work in a regional fashion to root out those safe havens. 奥巴马总统：嗯，我认为巴基斯坦——毫无疑问，在巴基斯坦的FATA地区，在阿富汗边境的山区，存在着恐怖分子活动的避难所。霍尔布鲁克大使在该地区穿梭访问的目标之一，就是向巴基斯坦传达一个信息：这些活动的持续对他们自身和我们一样危险，我们必须以区域合作的方式来铲除这些避难所。
They're -- it's not acceptable for Pakistan or for us to have folks who, with impunity, will kill innocent men, women and children. 他们——无论对巴基斯坦还是对我们来说，都不能容忍那些人肆无忌惮地杀害无辜的男女老幼。
And you know, I believe that the new government of Pakistan and Mr. Zardari cares deeply about getting control of this situation, and we want to be effective partners with them on that issue. 你知道，我相信巴基斯坦新政府和扎尔达里先生深切关注控制这一局势，我们希望在这个问题上成为他们的有效合作伙伴。
Question: Did you get any promise from them? 提问：您从他们那里得到任何承诺了吗？
President Obama: Well, Mr. Holbrooke is there, and that's exactly why he's being sent there, because I think that we have to make sure that Pakistan is a stalwart ally with us in battling this terrorist threat. 奥巴马总统：嗯，霍尔布鲁克先生就在那里，这正是他被派去的原因，因为我认为我们必须确保巴基斯坦在与我们共同打击这一恐怖威胁方面是坚定的盟友。
With respect to nuclear weapons, you know, I don't want to speculate. What I know is this: that if we see a nuclear arms race in a region as volatile as the Middle East, everybody will be in danger. 关于核武器，你知道，我不想猜测。我所知道的是：如果我们在像中东这样动荡的地区看到核军备竞赛，每个人都将面临危险。
And one of my goals is to prevent nuclear proliferation generally. 我的目标之一是总体上防止核扩散。
I think that it's important for the United States, in concert with Russia, to lead the way on this. And you know, I've mentioned this in conversations with the Russian president, Mr. Medvedev, to let him know that it is important for us to restart the conversation, about how we can start reducing our nuclear arsenals in an effective way, so that -- 我认为，美国与俄罗斯协同合作，在这一问题上发挥引领作用是很重要的。你知道，我在与俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫先生的交谈中提到过这一点，让他知道我们重新启动对话很重要，讨论我们如何才能以有效的方式开始削减我们的核武库，以便——
President Obama: -- so that we then have the standing to go to other countries and start stitching back together the non-proliferation treaties that frankly have been weakened over the last several years. 奥巴马总统：——这样我们才有资格去其他国家，开始重新缝合那些坦率地说在过去几年里已被削弱的不扩散条约。
Okay. All right. Sam Stein, Huffington Post. Where's Sam? 好的。好的。萨姆·斯坦，赫芬顿邮报。萨姆在哪里？
Question: Right here. 提问：在这儿。
President Obama: There. Go ahead. 奥巴马总统：在那儿。请说。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Today, Senator Patrick Leahy announced that he wants to set up a truth and reconciliation committee to investigate the misdeeds of the Bush administration. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。今天，帕特里克·莱希参议员宣布他希望成立一个真相与和解委员会，调查布什政府的不当行为。
He said that before you turn the page, you have to read the page first. Do you agree with such a proposal? And are you willing to rule out right here and now any prosecution of Bush administration officials? 他说，在翻过这一页之前，你必须先读这一页。您同意这样的提议吗？您愿意此时此地排除起诉布什政府官员的任何可能性吗？
President Obama: I haven't seen the proposal, so I don't want to express an opinion on something that I haven't seen. 奥巴马总统：我还没有看到这项提议，所以我不想对我没有看到的东西发表意见。
What I have said is that my administration is going to operate in a way that leaves no doubt that we do not torture, that we abide by the Geneva Conventions, and that we observe our traditions of rule of law and due process as we are vigorously going after terrorists that can do us harm. And I don't think those are contradictory; I think they are potentially complementary. 我所说的是，我的执政方式将让人毫无疑问地看到，我们不实施酷刑，我们遵守日内瓦公约，我们遵循法治和正当程序的传统，同时我们将积极追捕那些可能伤害我们的恐怖分子。我不认为这两者是矛盾的；我认为它们可能是相辅相成的。
My view is also that nobody's above the law, and if there are clear instances of wrongdoing, that people should be prosecuted just like any ordinary citizen. But that generally speaking, I'm more interested in looking forward than I am in looking backwards. 我的观点也是，没有人可以凌驾于法律之上，如果有明确的不当行为证据，那么人们就应该像任何普通公民一样被起诉。但总的来说，我更感兴趣的是向前看，而不是向后看。
I want to pull everybody together, including, by the way, the -- all the members of the intelligence community who have done things the right way and have been working hard to protect America, and I think sometimes are painted with a broad brush, without adequate information. 我希望把所有人团结在一起，顺便说一下，包括——所有那些以正确方式行事、辛勤工作保护美国的情报界成员，我认为他们有时被一概而论地指责，而缺乏充分的信息。
So I will take a look at Senator Leahy's proposal, but my general orientation is to say let's get it right moving forward. 所以我会看看莱希参议员的提议，但我总的取向是说让我们在向前推进时把事情做对。
Mara Liasson. 玛拉·利亚森。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. If it's this hard to get more than a handful of Republican votes on what is relatively easy -- spending tons of money and cutting people's taxes -- when you look down the road at health care and entitlement reform and energy reform, those are really tough choices. You're going to be asking some people to get less, and some people to pay more. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。如果在相对容易的事情上——大把花钱和削减人们的税收——都很难获得少数共和党人的选票，那么当您展望未来的医疗改革、福利改革和能源改革时，这些都是真正艰难的选择。您将不得不要求一些人少拿一些，一些人多付一些。
What do you think you're going to have to do to get more bipartisanship? Are you going to need a new legislative model, bringing in Republicans from the very beginning, getting more involved in the details yourself from the beginning, or using bipartisan commissions? What has this experience with the stimulus led you to think about when you think about these future challenges? 您认为您需要怎么做才能获得更多两党合作？您是否需要一种新的立法模式，从一开始就让共和党人参与进来，从一开始就亲自更多地介入细节，或者使用两党委员会？这次刺激方案的经历让您在思考未来这些挑战时有什么想法？
President Obama: Well, as I said before, Mara, I think that old habits are hard to break. And we're coming off of an election and I think people want to sort of test the limits of what they can get. You know, there's a lot of jockeying in this town and a lot of who's up and who's down and positioning for the next election. 奥巴马总统：嗯，正如我之前所说，玛拉，我认为旧习难改。我们刚刚经历了一场选举，我想人们想试探他们能得到什么的底线。你知道，这个城市里有很多明争暗斗，很多人在关注谁上谁下，并为下一次选举做姿态。
And what I've tried to suggest is that this is one of those times where we've got to put that kind of behavior aside, because the American people can't afford it. The people in Elkhart can't afford it. The single mom who's trying to figure out how to keep her house can't afford it. 我试图指出的是，这是我们必须把这种行为搁置一旁的时刻之一，因为美国人民承受不起。埃尔克哈特的人们承受不起。那个想方设法保住自己房子的单亲妈妈承受不起。
And whether we're Democrats or Republicans, surely there's got to be some capacity for us to work together -- not agree on everything, but at least set aside small differences to get things done. 无论我们是民主党人还是共和党人，我们当然应该有一定程度的能力来合作——不是在所有事情上都达成一致，但至少搁置小分歧以推动事情进展。
Now, just in terms of the historic record here, the Republicans were brought in early and were consulted. And you'll remember that when we initially introduced our framework, they were pleasantly surprised and complimentary about the tax cuts that were presented in that framework. Those tax cuts are still in there. 现在，就历史记录而言，共和党人很早就被引入并进行了磋商。你们会记得，当我们最初公布我们的框架时，他们对那个框架中提出的减税措施感到惊喜并予以赞赏。那些减税措施现在仍然在里面。
I mean, I suppose what I could have done is started off with no tax cuts, knowing that I was going to want some, and then let them take credit for all of them. And maybe that's the lesson I learned. But there was consultation. There will continue to be consultation. 我的意思是，我想我本来可以一开始就不提减税，明知我会想要一些减税，然后让他们把所有减税的功劳都揽过去。也许这是我学到的教训。但确实进行了磋商。磋商也将继续下去。
One thing that I think is important is to recognize that because all these items that you listed are hard, that people have to break out of some of the ideological rigidity and gridlock that we've been carrying around for too long. And let me give you a prime example. 我认为重要的一点是要认识到，因为您所列出的所有这些项目都很艰难，人们必须打破我们长期以来所秉持的那种意识形态的僵化和僵局。让我给您一个典型的例子。
When it comes to how we approach the issue of fiscal responsibility, again, it's a little hard for me to take criticism from folks, about this recovery package, after they presided over a doubling of the national debt. I'm not sure they have a lot of credibility when it comes to fiscal responsibility. 当谈到我们如何处理财政责任的问题时，坦率地说，我很难接受一些人对这个复苏方案的批评，尤其是在他们主政期间国债翻了一番之后。我不确定他们在财政责任方面有多大的公信力。
Having said that, I think there are a lot of Republicans who are sincere in recognizing that unless we deal with entitlements in a serious way, the problems we have, with this year's deficit and next year's deficit, pale in comparison to what we're going to be seeing 10 or 15 years or 20 years down the road. 话虽如此，我认为许多共和党人是真诚地认识到，除非我们认真处理福利问题，否则我们今年和明年的赤字问题，与10年、15年或20年后我们将面临的情况相比，简直不值一提。
Both Democrats and Republicans are going to have to think differently in order to come together and solve that problem. 民主党和共和党都将不得不以不同的方式思考，才能团结起来解决这个问题。
I think there are areas like education, where some in my party have been too resistant to reform, and have argued only money makes a difference. And there have been others on the Republican side or the conservative side who said, no matter how much money you spend, nothing makes a difference, so let's just blow up the public school systems. 我认为在教育等领域，我党内一些人过于抵制改革，并主张只有金钱才能起作用。而共和党或保守派一方则有人说，无论你花多少钱，都无济于事，所以干脆摧毁公立学校系统算了。
And I think that both sides are going to have to acknowledge we're going to need more money for new science labs, to pay teachers more effectively. But we're also going to need more reform, which means that we've got to train teachers more effectively; bad teachers need to be fired after being given the opportunity to train effectively; 我认为双方都不得不承认，我们需要更多的资金来建设新的科学实验室，更有效地支付教师薪酬。但我们也需要更多的改革，这意味着我们必须更有效地培训教师；不合格的教师在得到有效培训机会后仍不达标则应被解雇；
that we should experiment with things like charter schools that are innovating in the classroom; that we should have high standards. 我们应该尝试那些在课堂上进行创新的特许学校；我们应该有高标准。
So my whole goal over the next four years is to make sure that whatever arguments are persuasive and backed up by evidence and facts and proof, that they can work, that we are pulling people together around that kind of pragmatic agenda. 因此，我未来四年的总体目标是确保那些有说服力、有证据、事实和证明支撑、且切实可行的论点，能够把人们团结在这样一种务实的议程周围。
And I think that there was an opportunity to do this with this recovery package because, as I said, although there are some politicians who are arguing that we don't need a stimulus, there are very few economists who are making that argument. 我认为这次复苏方案提供了一个这样做的机会，因为正如我所说，尽管有一些政客在争辩说我们不需要刺激方案，但很少有经济学家在提出这样的论点。
I mean, you've got economists who were advising John McCain, economists who were advisers to George Bush -- one and two -- all suggesting that we actually needed a serious recovery package. 我的意思是，你有为约翰·麦凯恩做顾问的经济学家，有为乔治·布什——一世和二世——做顾问的经济学家，他们都表示我们确实需要一个认真的复苏方案。
And so when I hear people just saying we don't need to do anything; this is a spending bill, not a stimulus bill, without acknowledging that by definition part of any stimulus package would include spending -- that's the point -- then what I get a sense of is that there is some ideological blockage there that needs to be cleared up. 所以当我听到有人说我们什么都不需要做；这是一项支出法案，而不是刺激法案，却不承认任何刺激方案按定义都包括支出——这正是要点所在——那时我感觉到那里存在某种意识形态的堵塞，需要被清除。
But I am the eternal optimist. I think that over time people respond to civility and rational argument. I think that's what the people of Elkhart and people around America are looking for, and that's what I'm -- that's the kind of leadership I'm going to try to provide. 但我是个永远的乐观主义者。我认为随着时间的推移，人们会对礼貌和理性的论证作出回应。我认为这就是埃尔克哈特的人民和美国各地的人民所期待的，这就是我——这就是我将努力提供的那种领导力。
All right? 好吗？
Staff: Thank you. 工作人员：谢谢。
Question: One more, Mr. President. 提问：再来一个，总统先生。
President Obama: Thank you, guys. 奥巴马总统：谢谢大家。