Good morning. Over the past two days, American pilots and crews have served with courage and skill in the skies over Iraq. 早上好。过去两天里，美国飞行员和机组人员在伊拉克上空展现了勇气与精湛技艺。
First, American forces have conducted targeted airstrikes against terrorist forces outside the city of Erbil to prevent them from advancing on the city and to protect our American diplomats and military personnel. So far, these strikes have successfully destroyed arms and equipment that ISIL terrorists could have used against Erbil. Meanwhile, Kurdish forces on the ground continue to defend the city, and the United States and the Iraqi government have stepped up our military assistance to Kurdish forces as they wage their fight. 首先，美军已对埃尔比勒城外的恐怖武装实施了定点空袭，以阻止其向该城推进，并保护我们的美国外交人员和军事人员。截至目前，这些空袭已成功摧毁了伊斯兰国恐怖分子本可用于袭击埃尔比勒的武器和装备。与此同时，地面上的库尔德武装继续保卫该城，美国和伊拉克政府已加大对库尔德武装的军事援助，支持他们的战斗。
Second, our humanitarian effort continues to help the men, women and children stranded on Mount Sinjar. American forces have so far conducted two successful airdrops -- delivering thousands of meals and gallons of water to these desperate men, women and children. And American aircraft are positioned to strike ISIL terrorists around the mountain to help forces in Iraq break the siege and rescue those who are trapped there. 第二，我们的人道主义行动仍在继续，以帮助困在辛贾尔山上的男女老少。美军迄今已成功实施两次空投——为这些绝望的民众送去数千份餐食和大量饮用水。美军飞机已就位，可对辛贾尔山周围的伊斯兰国恐怖分子实施打击，以协助伊拉克部队打破围困，营救被困民众。
Now, even as we deal with these immediate situations, we continue to pursue a broader strategy in Iraq. We will protect our American citizens in Iraq, whether they're diplomats, civilians or military. If these terrorists threaten our facilities or our personnel, we will take action to protect our people. 眼下，在应对这些紧急局势的同时，我们也在继续推进在伊拉克的更广泛战略。我们将保护在伊拉克的美国公民，无论他们是外交人员、平民还是军人。如果这些恐怖分子威胁到我们的设施或人员，我们将采取行动保护我们的人民。
We will continue to provide military assistance and advice to the Iraqi government and Kurdish forces as they battle these terrorists, so that the terrorists cannot establish a permanent safe haven. 我们将继续向伊拉克政府和库尔德武装提供军事援助与建议，支持他们打击这些恐怖分子，使恐怖分子无法建立永久的安全避风港。
We will continue to work with the international community to deal with the growing humanitarian crisis in Iraq. Even as our attention is focused on preventing an act of genocide and helping the men and women and children on the mountain, countless Iraqis have been driven or fled from their homes, including many Christians. 我们将继续与国际社会合作，应对伊拉克日益严重的人道主义危机。尽管我们的注意力集中在防止种族灭绝行为和帮助辛贾尔山上的民众，但已有无数伊拉克人被迫逃离家园，其中包括许多基督徒。
This morning, I spoke with Prime Minister Cameron of the United Kingdom and President Hollande of France. I'm pleased that both leaders expressed their strong support for our actions and have agreed to join us in providing humanitarian assistance to Iraqi civilians who are suffering so much. Once again, America is proud to act alongside our closest friends and allies. 今天上午，我与英国首相卡梅伦和法国总统奥朗德进行了通话。我很高兴两位领导人都对我们的行动表示强烈支持，并同意与我们一道向遭受巨大苦难的伊拉克平民提供人道主义援助。美国再次为能与我们最亲密的朋友和盟友并肩行动而感到自豪。
More broadly, the United Nations in Iraq is working urgently to help respond to the needs of those Iraqis fleeing from areas under threat. The U.N. Security Council has called on the international community to do everything it can to provide food, water and shelter. And in my calls with allies and partners around the world, I'll continue to urge them to join us in this humanitarian effort. 更广而言之，联合国驻伊拉克代表团正紧急行动，帮助满足那些从受威胁地区逃离的伊拉克人的需求。联合国安理会已呼吁国际社会尽一切努力提供食品、水和住所。在我与世界各地盟友和伙伴的通话中，我将继续敦促他们加入我们的人道主义行动。
Finally, we continue to call on Iraqis to come together and form the inclusive government that Iraq needs right now. Vice President Biden has been speaking to Iraqi leaders, and our team in Baghdad is in close touch with the Iraqi government. All Iraqi communities are ultimately threatened by these barbaric terrorists and all Iraqi communities need to unite to defend their country. 最后，我们继续呼吁伊拉克人民团结起来，组建伊拉克当前所需要的包容性政府。副总统拜登一直在与伊拉克领导人沟通，我们驻巴格达的团队也与伊拉克政府保持密切联系。所有伊拉克族群最终都受到这些野蛮恐怖分子的威胁，所有伊拉克族群都需要团结起来保卫自己的国家。
Just as we are focused on the situation in the north affecting Kurds and Iraqi minorities, Sunnis and Shia in different parts of Iraq have suffered mightily at the hands of ISIL. Once an inclusive government is in place, I'm confident it will be easier to mobilize all Iraqis against ISIL, and to mobilize greater support from our friends and allies. Ultimately, only Iraqis can ensure the security and stability of Iraq. The United States can't do it for them, but we can and will be partners in that effort. 正如我们关注北部影响库尔德人和伊拉克少数族裔的局势一样，伊拉克各地的逊尼派和什叶派也在伊斯兰国的手中遭受了巨大苦难。一旦包容性政府成立，我相信将更容易动员全体伊拉克人对抗伊斯兰国，并动员我们的朋友和盟友提供更大支持。归根结底，只有伊拉克人才能确保伊拉克的安全与稳定。美国不能替他们完成这件事，但我们能够而且将成为这一努力中的伙伴。
One final thing -- as we go forward, we'll continue to consult with Congress and coordinate closely with our allies and partners. And as Americans, we will continue to show gratitude to our men and women in uniform who are conducting our operations there. When called, they were ready -- as they always are. When given their mission, they've performed with distinction -- as they always do. And when we see them serving with such honor and compassion, defending our fellow citizens and saving the lives of people they've never met, it makes us proud to be Americans -- as we always will be. 最后一点——在我们向前推进的过程中，我们将继续与国会磋商，并与我们的盟友和伙伴密切协调。作为美国人，我们将继续向在那里执行任务的男女军人表达感激之情。一声令下，他们随时待命——一如既往。接到任务，他们出色完成——一如既往。当我们看到他们以如此的荣誉感和同情心服役，保卫我们的同胞，拯救素未谋面的人们的生命时，这让我们为自己是美国人而感到自豪——我们将永远如此。
So with that, let me take a couple questions. 好的，下面我来回答几个问题。
Q: Mr. President, for how long a period of time do you see these airstrikes continuing for? And is your goal there to contain ISIS or to destroy it? 问：总统先生，您认为这些空袭会持续多长时间？您的目标是遏制伊斯兰国还是摧毁它？
THE PRESIDENT: I'm not going to give a particular timetable, because as I've said from the start, wherever and whenever U.S. personnel and facilities are threatened, it's my obligation, my responsibility as Commander-in-Chief, to make sure that they are protected. And we're not moving our embassy anytime soon. We're not moving our consulate anytime soon. And that means that, given the challenging security environment, we're going to maintain vigilance and ensure that our people are safe. 总统：我不会给出具体的时间表，因为正如我从一开始就说过的，无论何时何地，只要美国人员和设施受到威胁，作为总司令，我有义务、有责任确保他们受到保护。我们短期内不会撤离大使馆，也不会撤离领事馆。这意味着，鉴于当前充满挑战的安全环境，我们将保持警惕，确保我们人员的安全。
Our initial goal is to not only make sure Americans are protected, but also to deal with this humanitarian situation in Sinjar. We feel confident that we can prevent ISIL from going up a mountain and slaughtering the people who are there. But the next step, which is going to be complicated logistically, is how do we give safe passage for people down from the mountain, and where can we ultimately relocate them so that they are safe. That's the kind of coordination that we need to do internationally. 我们的首要目标不仅是确保美国人的安全，还要解决辛贾尔的人道主义局势。我们有信心能够阻止伊斯兰国爬上山去屠杀那里的民众。但下一步——在后勤上会很复杂——是我们如何为人们提供安全通道，让他们从山上下来，以及我们最终能把他们安置到哪里才能确保安全。这是我们需要在国际层面进行协调的事情。
I was very pleased to get the cooperation of both Prime Minister Cameron and President Hollande in addressing some of the immediate needs in terms of airdrops and some of the assets and logistical support that they're providing. But there's a broader set of questions that our experts now are engaged in with the United Nations and our allies and partners, and that is how do we potentially create a safe corridor or some other mechanism so that these people can move. 我非常高兴能得到卡梅伦首相和奥朗德总统的合作，他们在空投以及提供一些资产和后勤支持方面满足了部分紧急需求。但我们的专家目前正在与联合国以及我们的盟友和伙伴探讨一系列更广泛的问题，那就是我们如何才能创建一条安全通道或其他机制，让这些人能够转移。
That may take some time -- because there are varying estimates of how many people are up there, but they're in the thousands, and moving them is not simple in this kind of security environment. 这可能需要一些时间——因为对山上人数的估计各不相同，但有数千人之多，在这种安全环境下转移他们并非易事。
Just to give people a sense, though, of a timetable -- that the most important timetable that I'm focused on right now is the Iraqi government getting formed and finalized. Because in the absence of an Iraqi government, it is very hard to get a unified effort by Iraqis against ISIL. We can conduct airstrikes, but ultimately there's not going to be an American military solution to this problem. There's going to have to be an Iraqi solution that America and other countries and allies support. And that can't happen effectively until you have a legitimate Iraqi government. 不过，让人们对时间表有个概念——我目前关注的最重要的时间表是伊拉克政府的组建和最终确定。因为如果没有伊拉克政府，就很难让伊拉克人团结一致对抗伊斯兰国。我们可以实施空袭，但归根结底，这个问题不会有美国的军事解决方案。必须有一个伊拉克的解决方案，由美国和其他国家及盟友提供支持。而这只有在拥有一个合法的伊拉克政府后才能有效实现。
So right now we have a president, we have a speaker. What we don't yet have is a prime minister and a cabinet that is formed that can go ahead and move forward, and then start reaching out to all the various groups and factions inside of Iraq, and can give confidence to populations in the Sunni areas that ISIL is not the only game in town. It also then allows us to take those Iraqi security forces that are able and functional, and they understand who they're reporting to and what they're fighting for, and what the chain of command is. 现在我们有一位总统，我们有一位议长。我们还没有的是总理和内阁的组建，他们可以着手推进工作，然后开始接触伊拉克境内的各个团体和派系，并让逊尼派地区的民众相信，伊斯兰国不是唯一的选择。这也让我们能够利用那些有能力、正常运作的伊拉克安全部队，让他们清楚自己向谁汇报、为谁而战，以及指挥链是什么样的。
And it provides a structure in which better cooperation is taking place between the Kurdish region and Baghdad. 这还为库尔德地区和巴格达之间开展更好的合作提供了一个框架。
So we're going to be pushing very hard to encourage Iraqis to get their government together. Until we do that, it is going to be hard to get the unity of effort that allows us to not just play defense, but also engage in some offense. 因此，我们将大力推动，鼓励伊拉克人组建他们的政府。在做到这一点之前，我们很难形成统一的努力，不仅进行防御，还能展开一些进攻。
Q: Mr. President, the United States has fought long wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with uncertain outcomes. How do you assure the American people that we're not getting dragged into another war in Iraq? Have you underestimated the power of ISIS? And finally, you said that you involved international partners in humanitarian efforts. Is there any thought to talking to international partners as far as military actions to prevent the spread of ISIS? 问：总统先生，美国在阿富汗和伊拉克打了长期战争，但结果并不确定。您如何向美国人民保证我们不会被拖入伊拉克的另一场战争？您是否低估了伊斯兰国的力量？最后，您说您让国际伙伴参与了人道主义行动。有没有考虑过就军事行动与国际伙伴磋商，以阻止伊斯兰国的扩张？
THE PRESIDENT: Well, a couple of things I would say. Number one, I've been very clear that we're not going to have U.S. combat troops in Iraq again. And we are going to maintain that, because we should have learned a lesson from our long and immensely costly incursion in Iraq. And that is that our military is so effective that we can keep a lid on problems wherever we are, if we put enough personnel and resources into it. 总统：嗯，我想说几点。第一，我已经非常明确地表示，我们不会再让美国作战部队进入伊拉克。我们将坚持这一点，因为我们应该从代价极其高昂的伊拉克长期入侵中吸取教训。那就是，我们的军队非常强大，只要我们投入足够的人员和资源，就能在任何地方控制住问题。
But it can only last if the people in these countries themselves are able to arrive at the kinds of political accommodations and compromise that any civilized society requires. 但只有当这些国家的人民自己能够达成任何文明社会所需要的那种政治和解与妥协时，这种局面才能持续下去。
And so it would be, I think, a big mistake for us to think that we can, on the cheap, simply go in, tamp everything down again, restart without some fundamental shift in attitudes among the various Iraqi factions. That's why it is so important to have an Iraqi government on the ground that is taking responsibility that we can help, that we can partner with, that has the capacity to get alliances in the region. And once that's in place, then I think we end up being one of many countries that can work together to deal with the broader crisis that ISIL poses. 因此，我认为，如果我们以为可以低成本地直接介入，再次压制一切，在伊拉克各派系态度没有发生根本转变的情况下重启局面，那将是一个巨大的错误。这就是为什么必须有一个在当地承担责任的伊拉克政府，一个我们可以帮助、可以合作、有能力在地区内建立联盟的政府，这一点非常重要。一旦这样的政府就位，我认为我们就会成为众多能够共同应对伊斯兰国构成的更广泛危机的国家之一。
What were your other questions? Did we underestimate ISIL? I think that there is no doubt that their advance, their movement over the last several months has been more rapid than the intelligence estimates and I think the expectations of policymakers both in and outside of Iraq. And part of that is I think not a full appreciation of the degree to which the Iraqi security forces, when they're far away from Baghdad, did not have the incentive or the capacity to hold ground against an aggressive adversary. 你的其他问题是什么？我们是否低估了伊斯兰国？我认为，毫无疑问，他们过去几个月的推进和行动速度比情报估计的要快，我想也超出了伊拉克国内外决策者的预期。部分原因是，我认为人们没有充分认识到，当伊拉克安全部队远离巴格达时，他们没有动力也没有能力抵御咄咄逼人的对手。
And so that's one more reason why Iraqi government formation is so important -- because there has to be a rebuilding and an understanding of who it is that the Iraqi security forces are reporting to, what they are fighting for. And there has to be some investment by Sunnis in pushing back against ISIL. 这就是伊拉克政府组建如此重要的又一个原因——因为必须重建，必须明确伊拉克安全部队向谁汇报、为谁而战。逊尼派也必须投入到反击伊斯兰国的行动中。
I think we're already seeing -- and we will see even further -- the degree to which those territories under ISIL control alienated populations, because of the barbarity and brutality with which they operate. But in order to ensure that Sunni populations reject outright these kinds of incursions, they've got to feel like they're invested in a broader national government. And right now, they don't feel that. 我认为我们已经看到——而且我们将进一步看到——伊斯兰国控制的地区因其野蛮和残暴的运作方式而与民众格格不入。但为了确保逊尼派民众彻底拒绝这种入侵，他们必须感到自己是更广泛的国家政府的一份子。而目前，他们没有这种感觉。
So the upshot is that what we've seen over the last several months indicates the weaknesses in an Iraqi government. But what we've also seen I think is a wake-up call for a lot of Iraqis inside of Baghdad recognizing that we're going to have to rethink how we do business if we're going to hold our country together. And, hopefully, that change in attitude supplemented by improved security efforts in which we can assist and help, that can make a difference. 所以结论是，我们过去几个月看到的情况表明了伊拉克政府的弱点。但我认为，我们也看到，这对巴格达的许多伊拉克人来说是一记警钟，他们意识到，如果要让国家保持统一，就必须重新思考我们的行事方式。希望这种态度转变，加上我们可以协助和帮助的安全工作的改善，能够产生作用。
Q: You just expressed confidence that the Iraqi government can eventually prevent a safe haven. But you've also just described the complications with the Iraqi government and the sophistication of ISIL. So is it possible that what you've described and your ambitions there could take years, not months? 问：您刚才表示有信心伊拉克政府最终能够阻止安全避风港的形成。但您刚才也描述了伊拉克政府的复杂性和伊斯兰国的老练程度。那么，您所描述的情况和您的抱负是否可能需要数年而不是数月才能实现？
THE PRESIDENT: I don't think we're going to solve this problem in weeks, if that's what you mean. I think this is going to take some time. The Iraqi security forces, in order to mount an offensive and be able to operate effectively with the support of populations in Sunni areas, are going to have to revamp, get resupplied -- have a clearer strategy. That's all going to be dependent on a government that the Iraqi people and the Iraqi military have confidence in. We can help in all those efforts. 总统：我认为我们不会在几周内解决这个问题，如果这是你的意思的话。我认为这需要一些时间。伊拉克安全部队要发动攻势，并在逊尼派地区民众的支持下有效行动，就必须进行改革，获得补给——制定更清晰的战略。这一切都将取决于伊拉克人民和伊拉克军队信任的政府。我们可以在所有这些努力中提供帮助。
I think part of what we're able to do right now is to preserve a space for them to do the hard work that's necessary. If they do that, the one thing that I also think has changed is that many of the Sunni countries in the region who have been generally suspicious or wary of the Iraqi government are more likely to join in, in the fight against ISIS, and that can be extremely helpful. But this is going to be a long-term project. 我认为我们目前能够做的部分工作，是为他们开展必要的艰苦工作保留空间。如果他们这样做了，我认为另一个已经发生的变化是，该地区许多一直对伊拉克政府持怀疑或警惕态度的逊尼派国家，更有可能加入到打击伊斯兰国的行列中来，这可能会非常有帮助。但这将是一个长期的事业。
Part of what we've seen is that a minority Sunni population in Iraq, as well as a majority Sunni population in Syria, has felt dissatisfied and detached and alienated from their respective governments. And that has been a ripe territory for these jihadists and extremists to operate. And rebuilding governance in those areas, and legitimacy for stable, moderate governing in those areas is going to take time. 我们看到的部分情况是，伊拉克的少数逊尼派人口以及叙利亚的多数逊尼派人口，对他们各自的政府感到不满、疏离和隔阂。这为这些圣战分子和极端分子提供了肥沃的土壤。在这些地区重建治理，建立稳定、温和治理的合法性，需要时间。
Now, there are some immediate concerns that we have to worry about. We have to make sure that ISIL is not engaging in the actions that could cripple a country permanently. There's key infrastructure inside of Iraq that we have to be concerned about. My team has been vigilant, even before ISIL went into Mosul, about foreign fighters and jihadists gathering in Syria, and now in Iraq, who might potentially launch attacks outside the region against Western targets and U.S. targets. 现在，我们有一些迫在眉睫的担忧。我们必须确保伊斯兰国不会采取可能永久削弱一个国家的行动。伊拉克境内有关键的基础设施，我们必须关注。我的团队一直保持警惕，甚至在伊斯兰国进入摩苏尔之前，就关注在叙利亚聚集、现在又出现在伊拉克的外国战斗人员和圣战分子，他们可能会在地区以外发动袭击，针对西方目标和美国目标。
So there's going to be a counterterrorism element that we are already preparing for and have been working diligently on for a long time now. 因此，我们已经在准备反恐方面的工作，而且长期以来一直在努力进行。
There is going to be a military element in protecting our people, but the long-term campaign of changing that environment so that the millions of Sunnis who live in these areas feel connected to and well-served by a national government, that's a long-term process. And that's something that the United States cannot do, only the Iraqi people themselves can do. We can help, we can advise, but we can't do it for them. And the U.S. military cannot do it for them. 保护我们的人民会有军事层面的因素，但改变那种环境、让生活在这些地区的数百万逊尼派感到与国家政府有联系并得到良好服务的长期行动，是一个长期的过程。这是美国无法做到的，只有伊拉克人民自己才能做到。我们可以帮助，可以提供建议，但我们不能替他们做。美国军队也不能替他们做。
And so this goes back to the earlier question about U.S. military involvement. The nature of this problem is not one that a U.S. military can solve. We can assist and our military obviously can play an extraordinarily important role in bolstering efforts of an Iraqi partner as they make the right steps to keep their country together, but we can't do it for them. 因此这又回到了之前关于美国军事介入的问题。这个问题的性质不是美国军队能够解决的。我们可以提供协助，我们的军队显然可以在加强伊拉克伙伴的努力方面发挥极其重要的作用，帮助他们采取正确步骤维护国家统一，但我们不能替他们做。
Last question. 最后一个问题。
Q: America has spent 800 billion dollars in Iraq. Do you anticipate having to ask Congress for additional funds to support this mission? 问：美国已经在伊拉克花费了八千亿美元。您预计是否需要向国会申请额外资金来支持这项任务？
THE PRESIDENT: Currently, we are operating within the budget constraints that we already have. And we'll have to evaluate what happens over time. We already have a lot of assets in the region. We anticipate, when we make our preliminary budgets, that there may be things that come up requiring us to engage. And right now, at least, I think we are okay. If and when we need additional dollars to make sure that American personnel and American facilities are protected, then we will certainly make that request. But right now, that's not our primary concern. 总统：目前，我们在现有的预算约束内运作。我们需要评估随着时间推移会发生什么。我们在该地区已经有很多资产。在制定初步预算时，我们预计可能会出现需要我们介入的情况。至少目前，我认为我们没问题。如果当我们需要额外资金来确保美国人员和美国设施受到保护时，我们肯定会提出申请。但目前，这不是我们的首要关切。
Last question. 最后一个问题。
Q: Mr. President, do you have any second thoughts about pulling all ground troops out of Iraq? And does it give you pause as the U.S. -- is it doing the same thing in Afghanistan? 问：总统先生，您对从伊拉克撤出所有地面部队有过任何反思吗？这是否让您在阿富汗问题上有所顾虑——美国是否在阿富汗做着同样的事情？
THE PRESIDENT: What I just find interesting is the degree to which this issue keeps on coming up, as if this was my decision. Under the previous administration, we had turned over the country to a sovereign, democratically elected Iraqi government. In order for us to maintain troops in Iraq, we needed the invitation of the Iraqi government and we needed assurances that our personnel would be immune from prosecution if, for example, they were protecting themselves and ended up getting in a firefight with Iraqis, that they wouldn't be hauled before an Iraqi judicial system. 总统：我觉得有趣的是，这个问题不断被提出来，好像这是我的决定似的。在上届政府任期内，我们已经将国家移交给了一个主权的、民主选举产生的伊拉克政府。为了让我们在伊拉克驻军，我们需要伊拉克政府的邀请，而且我们需要保证，我们的人员如果在自卫时与伊拉克人交火，不会被起诉，不会被送上伊拉克的司法系统。
And the Iraqi government, based on its political considerations, in part because Iraqis were tired of a U.S. occupation, declined to provide us those assurances. And on that basis, we left. We had offered to leave additional troops. 而伊拉克政府基于其政治考量，部分原因是伊拉克人厌倦了美国占领，拒绝向我们提供这些保证。基于这一点，我们离开了。我们曾提出留下更多部队。
So when you hear people say, do you regret, Mr. President, not leaving more troops, that presupposes that I would have overridden this sovereign government that we had turned the keys back over to and said, you know what, you're democratic, you're sovereign, except if I decide that it's good for you to keep 10,000 or 15,000 or 25,000 Marines in your country, you don't have a choice -- which would have kind of run contrary to the entire argument we were making about turning over the country back to Iraqis, an argument not just made by me, but made by the previous administration. 所以当你听到人们说，总统先生，您是否后悔没有留下更多部队时，那是假设我会推翻这个我们已经移交权力的主权政府，然后说，你知道吗，你是民主的，你是主权的，但如果我认为在你的国家保留一万、一万五千或两万五千名海军陆战队员对你有好处，你就别无选择——这与我们一直在说的将国家交还给伊拉克人的整个论点是背道而驰的，不仅是我，上届政府也提出了这个论点。
So let's just be clear: The reason that we did not have a follow-on force in Iraq was because the Iraqis were -- a majority of Iraqis did not want U.S. troops there, and politically they could not pass the kind of laws that would be required to protect our troops in Iraq. 所以让我们明确一点：我们没有在伊拉克留下后续部队的原因是，伊拉克人——大多数伊拉克人不希望美国军队在那里，而且在政治上他们无法通过保护我们在伊拉克的部队所需要的那种法律。
Having said all that, if in fact the Iraqi government behaved the way it did over the last five, six years, where it failed to pass legislation that would reincorporate Sunnis and give them a sense of ownership; if it had targeted certain Sunni leaders and jailed them; if it had alienated some of the Sunni tribes that we had brought back in during the so-called Awakening that helped us turn the tide in 2006 -- if they had done all those things and we had had troops there, the country wouldn't be holding together either. 话虽如此，如果伊拉克政府过去五六年的表现确实是那样——它没有通过重新吸纳逊尼派并让他们有归属感的立法；如果它针对某些逊尼派领导人并将他们监禁；如果它疏远了一些我们在所谓的"觉醒"运动中争取回来的逊尼派部落，而这些部落曾在2006年帮助我们扭转了局势——如果他们做了所有这些事情而我们还有部队在那里，国家照样不会保持统一。
The only difference would be we'd have a bunch of troops on the ground that would be vulnerable. And however many troops we had, we would have to now be reinforcing, I'd have to be protecting them, and we'd have a much bigger job. And probably, we would end up having to go up again in terms of the number of grounds troops to make sure that those forces were not vulnerable. 唯一的区别是，我们会有一大批地面部队处于危险之中。无论我们有多少部队，我们现在都得增援，我得保护他们，我们的任务会大得多。而且很可能，我们最终不得不再度增加地面部队的数量，以确保那些部队不会受到攻击。
So that entire analysis is bogus and is wrong. But it gets frequently peddled around here by folks who oftentimes are trying to defend previous policies that they themselves made. 所以整个分析都是虚假的、错误的。但这里经常有人兜售这种说法，他们往往是在试图为自己制定的以往政策辩护。
Going forward with respect to Afghanistan, we are leaving the follow-on force there. I think the lesson for Afghanistan is not the fact that we've got a follow-on force that will be capable of training and supporting Afghan security efforts. I think the real lesson in Afghanistan is that if factions in a country after a long period of civil war do not find a way to come up with a political accommodation; if they take maximalist positions and their attitude is, I want 100 percent of what I want and the other side gets nothing, then the center doesn't hold. 关于阿富汗，我们将在那里留下后续部队。我认为阿富汗的教训不在于我们有一支后续部队能够培训和支持阿富汗的安全工作。我认为阿富汗真正的教训是，如果一个国家在长期内战后的各个派系找不到达成政治和解的途径；如果他们采取极端立场，他们的态度是，我想要我想要的百分之百，另一方什么都得不到，那么中间派就站不住脚。
And the good news is, is that in part thanks to the excellent work of John Kerry and others, we now are seeing the two candidates in the recent presidential election start coming together and agreeing not only to move forward on the audit to be able to finally certify a winner in the election, but also the kinds of political accommodations that are going to be required to keep democracy moving. 好消息是，部分归功于约翰·克里等人的出色工作，我们现在看到最近总统选举中的两位候选人开始走到一起，不仅同意推进审计以最终确认选举获胜者，而且还达成了维持民主运转所需的那种政治和解。
So that's a real lesson I think for Afghanistan coming out of Iraq is, if you want this thing to work, then whether it's different ethnicities, different religions, different regions, they've got to accommodate each other, otherwise you start tipping back into old patterns of violence. And it doesn't matter how many U.S. troops are there -- if that happens, you end up having a mess. 所以我认为，从伊拉克的经验中，阿富汗得到的真正教训是，如果你想让这件事成功，那么无论是不同族裔、不同宗教还是不同地区，都必须相互包容，否则你就会开始倒退回旧的暴力模式。有多少美国军队都没有用——如果发生这种情况，你最终会陷入一片混乱。
Thanks a lot, guys. 谢谢大家。