President Obama: Hello, Henderson! Thank you! Thank you so much, everybody. Everybody, have a seat, have a seat. I am thrilled to be here. 奥巴马总统：你好，亨德森！谢谢！非常感谢大家。大家请坐，请坐。我很高兴来到这里。
Audience Member: We love you, Mr. President! 观众：我们爱您，总统先生！
President Obama: I love you back. 奥巴马总统：我也爱你们。
We've got some special guests here -- everybody is a special guest, but I just want to acknowledge a few folks here. Secretary of State Ross Miller in the house. Two outstanding members of Congress -- Representative Shelley Berkley -- and your own Dina Titus. 我们这里有一些特别的嘉宾——其实每个人都是特别的嘉宾，但我只想感谢几位到场的朋友。州务卿罗斯·米勒来了。两位杰出的国会议员——雪莱·伯克利议员，以及你们自己的迪娜·提图斯。
Senate Majority Leader Steven Horsford. We've got State Assembly Majority Leader John Oceguera. Clark County Commissioner Chairman Rory Reid. Henderson Mayor Andy Hafen. Former Governor Bob Miller. 参议院多数党领袖史蒂文·霍斯福德。州议会多数党领袖约翰·奥塞格拉。克拉克县委员会主席罗里·里德。亨德森市长安迪·哈芬。前州长鲍勃·米勒。
We've got -- first, can everybody give a huge round of applause for Tina Long for the great introduction of Harry Reid? Green Valley High School principal Jeff Horn. Obviously not exam time yet. Get's a standing "O." 首先，请大家为蒂娜·朗热烈鼓掌，感谢她对哈里·里德的精彩介绍。绿谷高中校长杰夫·霍恩。显然现在还不是考试的时候。他得到了起立鼓掌。
The Green Valley High School Marching Band that played at my inauguration -- give them a big round of applause. They played "Viva Las Vegas." At the reviewing stand -- they did. 绿谷高中军乐团曾在我就职典礼上演奏——给他们热烈鼓掌。他们演奏了《活力拉斯维加斯》。在检阅台上——他们确实演奏了。
And finally, he may have already been acknowledged -- I want to give a special acknowledgment to Greg Koehler, North Las Vegas Fire Department, who just returned from 14 days in Haiti giving medical assistance to orphans. Thank you. We're proud of you. Thank you. 最后，他可能已经被介绍过了——我想特别感谢格雷格·科勒，北拉斯维加斯消防局，他刚从海地回来，在那里待了14天为孤儿提供医疗援助。谢谢你。我们为你骄傲。谢谢。
Now, it's good to be back in Nevada -- good to be back in Vegas. Good to be back in Henderson. And good to be with my good friend, your great senator, Harry Reid. 很高兴回到内华达——很高兴回到拉斯维加斯。很高兴回到亨德森。很高兴和我的好朋友、你们伟大的参议员哈里·里德在一起。
President Obama: I understand Henderson is where Harry went to school as a boy and fought in the ring as an amateur boxer. Now, looking at Harry, you wouldn't say that -- I mean, let's face it -- but I can personally attest that Harry Reid is one of the toughest people I know. He does not give up. He knows what he cares about. He knows what he believes in and he's willing to fight for it. 奥巴马总统：我知道亨德森是哈里小时候上学的地方，他还在拳击场上当过业余拳手。现在看着哈里，你不会这么说——我是说，说实话——但我可以亲自作证，哈里·里德是我认识的最坚韧的人之一。他绝不放弃。他知道自己关心什么。他知道自己信仰什么，并愿意为之奋斗。
And sometimes he takes his licks, but he gets back up. Harry Reid has never stopped fighting -- he hasn't stopped fighting for Henderson; he hasn't stopped fighting for Nevada; he has not stopped fighting for the United States of America and middle-class families all across this country that need a fair shake. 有时他会挨几下，但他总能重新站起来。哈里·里德从未停止奋斗——他没有停止为亨德森奋斗；他没有停止为内华达奋斗；他没有停止为美利坚合众国和全国所有需要公平对待的中产家庭奋斗。
I'm looking forward to hearing what's on your minds and trying to answer a few questions. But before I do, let me say a few words about the situation that folks are facing right now. 我期待着倾听大家的心声，并尝试回答一些问题。但在此之前，让我先谈谈大家目前面临的处境。
Harry is not one for sugarcoating things -- I don't know if you noticed that. He's kind of a blunt guy. Neither am I. These are tough times. When President Kennedy was here, he called Henderson a "city of destiny" because he saw its potential as Las Vegas grew. But for too long, I know many of you have felt like your destiny has been slipping beyond your control. 哈里不是那种粉饰太平的人——不知道你们注意到没有。他是个直言不讳的人。我也一样。现在是艰难时期。肯尼迪总统来这里时，称亨德森为"命运之城"，因为他看到了随着拉斯维加斯发展它所具有的潜力。但长久以来，我知道你们中很多人觉得自己的命运已超出掌控。
You don't need me to tell you that. All of you in some way have felt this recession. You felt it in the tourism and hospitality industry. You felt it in the construction industry. The unemployment rate here is 13 percent, which is the second highest in the nation. Foreclosures are also among the highest. Home values have fallen by more than almost anyplace else. 这一点不需要我来告诉你们。你们每个人都以某种方式感受到了这次衰退。你们在旅游和酒店业感受到了。你们在建筑业感受到了。这里的失业率是13%，在全国排第二高。止赎率也名列前茅。房价下跌幅度超过几乎所有其他地方。
And this is after a decade when, for most middle-class families, incomes actually shrank and wages flat-lined, and the only thing rising faster was medical costs and the cost of education. 而这还是在过去十年之后——对大多数中产家庭来说，这十年里收入实际上在缩水，工资原地踏步，唯一涨得更快的是医疗成本和教育成本。
So I know it's tough out there. Harry Reid knows it's tough out there. That's why we asked you to send us to Washington. We didn't run for the fancy title or a big desk or a comfy chair. We didn't run because it was fun to get your name in the newspapers -- most of the time, it's not. We didn't run so a bunch of folks on cable TV could chatter about you. 所以我知道外面很艰难。哈里·里德也知道外面很艰难。这就是为什么我们请你们送我们去华盛顿。我们不是为了响亮的头衔、宽大的办公桌或舒适的椅子而参选。我们不是因为能在报纸上出名而参选——大多数时候并非如此。我们不是为了有线电视上一群人对你们评头论足而参选。
And we didn't run to kick our problems down the road. We ran to solve problems that folks like you are facing every single day. That's why we ran for office. That's why Harry wanted to be Majority Leader, and that's why I wanted to be President of the United States -- to help you. 我们也不是为了把问题往后推而参选。我们参选是为了解决像你们这样的人每天都在面对的问题。这就是我们参选的原因。这就是哈里想当多数党领袖的原因，也是我想当美利坚合众国总统的原因——为了帮助你们。
When my Administration took office, our immediate mission was clear. We needed to stop the great recession from turning into a great depression. And economists of every stripe were warning that was a real possibility. And that meant that we had to make some decisions swiftly, boldly, and not always popular, but decisions that were necessary. It wasn't a time for satisfying the politics of the moment, it wasn't time for just playing to the cameras -- it was time for doing what was right. 我的政府上任时，眼前的任务很明确。我们需要阻止大衰退演变成大萧条。各派经济学家都警告说这是真实的可能性。这意味着我们必须迅速、大胆地做出一些决定，这些决定并不总是受欢迎，但却是必要的。那不是迎合当下政治的时刻，也不是对着镜头作秀的时刻——那是做正确之事的时刻。
That's why we helped stabilize our financial system -- not because we felt any compassion for big banks, but because not doing so would have endangered the savings and dreams of millions more Americans. 这就是为什么我们帮助稳定了金融体系——不是因为我们对大银行有什么同情，而是因为如果不这样做，就会危及数百万美国人的积蓄和梦想。
And by the way, I was committed to ensuring that if taxpayers were going to provide temporary assistance to keep our financial system afloat, then it actually had to be temporary. And I was determined to get back every single dime, and we are well on our way to doing that -- getting back every single dime from those banks. 顺便说一句，我承诺，如果纳税人要提供临时援助以维持金融体系运转，那它就必须是临时的。我决心收回每一分钱，我们正在朝着这个方向稳步推进——从那些银行收回每一分钱。
In fact, one battle we're having right now is we think the largest banks should be assessed a fee so that taxpayers are held harmless for the assistance that you've been giving. As you might imagine, the banks are not enthusiastic about that. And it won't surprise you to learn that they've got a few friends in Congress who are willing to go along, but you know Harry Reid is not one of those folks who are willing to go along. We're going to get your money back because Harry Reid is going to make sure you get your money back. 事实上，我们正在进行的一场斗争是，我们认为应该对最大的银行征收一项费用，以使纳税人在你们提供的援助中不受损失。可以想象，银行对此并不热心。你们也许不会惊讶，他们在国会里有几个愿意配合的朋友，但你们知道哈里·里德不是那种愿意配合的人。我们会把钱收回来，因为哈里·里德会确保你们把钱收回来。
We helped shore up the American auto industry. That wasn't popular. I understood why. Folks felt like these companies should reap the consequences of bad management decisions in the past, just like any other company would. But if we had let GM and Chrysler go under, it would have been hundreds of thousands of hardworking Americans who paid the price -- not just folks at those companies themselves, but at suppliers and dealers all across the country. 我们帮助支撑了美国汽车工业。那不受欢迎。我理解原因。大家觉得这些公司应该像其他公司一样，为过去糟糕的管理决策承担后果。但如果我们让通用和克莱斯勒倒闭，付出代价的将是数十万辛勤工作的美国人——不仅是那些公司本身的人，还有全国各地的供应商和经销商。
So we told them, if you're willing to take the tough and painful steps you make -- that are needed for you to become more competitive, then we're willing to invest in your future. And as a result, auto production in the United States of America is up 69 percent from the first three months of 2009. GM's CEO recently said that the company would repay $6.7 billion in loans from taxpayers -- with interest -- by June of this year. 所以我们告诉他们，如果你们愿意采取艰难但必要的步骤让自己更具竞争力，我们就愿意投资你们的未来。结果，美国汽车产量比2009年前三个月增长了69%。通用汽车的CEO最近表示，公司将在今年6月前偿还纳税人67亿美元贷款——连本带息。
Now, one of the things you need to know is that the steps we've taken to shore up the banks and the autos, they have nothing to do with the Recovery Act. Those were separate. We had to do those as emergency measures. And I just want to point this out -- Harry Reid, he's got his pollsters; I've got my pollsters. We knew that this wasn't going to be popular. But we did it because it was the right thing to do. 大家需要知道的一点是，我们为支撑银行和汽车业所采取的措施，与《复苏法案》无关。那些是分开的。我们不得不作为紧急措施来做这些事。我只想指出这一点——哈里·里德有他的民调专家；我有我的民调专家。我们知道这不会受欢迎。但我们这样做，因为这是正确的事。
So it's also why we passed the Recovery Act. Now, a lot of people think that the stimulus package, the Recovery Act -- if you listen on television, you'd think, well, that's all about giving banks money. That has nothing to do with the banks. The other week, I saw a poll that said Americans, they don't like the Recovery Act -- they just like all the individual parts of the Recovery Act. 这也是我们通过《复苏法案》的原因。现在，很多人认为刺激方案、《复苏法案》——如果你听电视上的说法，你会觉得，哦，那就是给银行钱。那和银行毫无关系。前阵子我看到一项民调说，美国人不喜欢《复苏法案》——他们只是喜欢《复苏法案》里所有具体的部分。
And the reason is, they think the Recovery Act is for banks and auto companies. When you ask folks about what was actually in the Recovery Act, they think it's full of good ideas -- like tax cuts, like infrastructure investment, like unemployment relief. That's what the Recovery Act was. It was tax cuts for small business owners and 95 percent of you. 原因是，他们认为《复苏法案》是给银行和汽车公司的。当你问大家《复苏法案》里到底有什么时，他们觉得里面都是好主意——比如减税，比如基础设施投资，比如失业救济。这就是《复苏法案》。它是为小企业主和你们中95%的人减税。
You may not have noticed -- 95 percent of you got a tax cut -- because of Harry Reid and because of the Recovery Act. One million people in the state of Nevada. 你们可能没注意到——你们中95%的人得到了减税——因为哈里·里德，也因为《复苏法案》。内华达州有一百万人受益。
We expanded unemployment insurance at a time when it was absolutely vital for people as they were trying to stay afloat. More than a quarter-million of your members -- of your neighbors. It was jobs for construction workers and jobs for cops and firemen, jobs for almost 2,000 education professionals right here in Nevada. 我们在人们努力维持生计的关键时刻扩大了失业保险。惠及你们中超过25万的成员——你们的邻居。它为建筑工人创造了工作，为警察和消防员创造了工作，为内华达这里近2000名教育工作者创造了工作。
I haven't talked to the principal, but I guarantee you, we would have seen some very difficult decisions having to be made about maintaining teachers right here at Green Valley, if it hadn't been for the help that Harry Reid provided last year. You would have seen some very tough choices. 我没跟校长谈过，但我敢保证，如果不是哈里·里德去年提供的帮助，我们本来会看到这里绿谷高中不得不就保留教师做出一些非常艰难的决定。你们本来会看到一些非常棘手的选择。
All of this -- from the tax cuts to the unemployment insurance to the jobs -- that was only possible because of Harry's leadership. And as a result, our economy is growing again. Almost two million Americans who would otherwise be employed [sic] are working right now -- because of what Harry Reid did. We're no longer staring into an economic abyss -- because of what Harry Reid helped to do. 所有这一切——从减税到失业保险再到就业——这些都因为哈里的领导才成为可能。结果就是，我们的经济再次增长。近两百万原本会失业的美国人现在正在工作——因为哈里·里德的努力。我们不再凝视经济深渊——因为哈里·里德协助做到的事。
Now, he and I both know that's little comfort to the seven million Americans who lost their job in this recession. It's little comfort to homeowners who are facing foreclosure or steep declines in their home values, or to students who are having to delay their college plans because they can't afford it, or older folks who are postponing retirement. 当然，他和我都明白，这对在经济衰退中失去工作的700万美国人来说没什么安慰。对面临止赎或房价大幅下跌的房主、对因负担不起而不得不推迟上大学计划的学生、对推迟退休的老年人来说，都没什么安慰。
That's why I'm not going to rest. That's not -- why we're not done. That's why Harry Reid isn't going to rest until all of America is working again, until the dream of home ownership is secure once again, and until our economy is benefiting not just Wall Street but benefiting hardworking Nevada families, benefiting the middle class, benefiting Americans all across this great country of ours. That's what we are aiming to do. 这就是为什么我不会停歇。这就是——为什么我们还没完成。这就是为什么哈里·里德不会停歇，直到所有美国人重新就业，直到住房梦再次得到保障，直到我们的经济不仅惠及华尔街，而且惠及辛勤工作的内华达家庭，惠及中产阶级，惠及我们这个伟大国家各地的美国人。这就是我们的目标。
Now, I've said before that the way I measure our economy's strength -- the way you measure it -- is by whether jobs and wages and incomes are growing. But the other way we measure is by whether families have a roof over their heads and whether folks are living out that American Dream of owning a home. That dream has been jeopardized in this recession for a lot of people, especially right here in Nevada. 我之前说过，衡量经济实力的方式——你们衡量它的方式——是看就业、工资和收入是否在增长。但我们衡量的另一种方式是看家庭是否有房住，看大家是否在实现拥有住房的美国梦。在这次衰退中，这个梦对很多人来说受到了威胁，尤其是在内华达这里。
Now, part of it was -- I've got to be blunt here, I got to be honest -- part of it was because too many lenders were focused on making a quick buck instead of acting responsibly. And, if we're honest, too many borrowers acted irresponsibly at certain points, taking on mortgages that they knew they couldn't afford. 部分原因——我必须直言不讳，必须诚实——部分原因是因为太多放贷机构只顾赚快钱，而不是负责任地行事。而且，说实话，太多借款人在某些时候不负责任地承担了他们明知负担不起的抵押贷款。
And what happened was the regulators in Washington and legislators too often turned a blind eye to the excesses and the failures on Wall Street that fed a housing bubble. And now that that bubble has burst, it's left devastation that we're still grappling with today. 接着发生的是，华盛顿的监管者和立法者太频繁地对华尔街助长房地产泡沫的过度行为和失察视而不见。既然那个泡沫已经破裂，它留下的破坏我们至今仍在应对。
Now, government has a responsibility to help deal with this problem. Government can't solve this problem alone. We got to be honest about that. Government alone can't solve this problem. And it shouldn't. But government can make a difference. 政府有责任帮助解决这个问题。政府无法独自解决这个问题。我们必须对此坦诚。单靠政府无法解决这个问题。也不应该如此。但政府可以发挥作用。
It can't stop every foreclosure, and tax dollars shouldn't be used to reward the very irresponsible lenders and borrowers who helped bring about the housing crisis. But what we can do is help families who've done everything right stay in their homes whenever possible. What we can do is stabilize the housing market so that home values can begin rising again. 它无法阻止每一次止赎，纳税人的钱也不应该用来奖励那些导致住房危机的极不负责任的放贷者和借款人。但我们能做的是帮助那些一切都做对了的家庭尽可能留在自己的房子里。我们能做的是稳定住房市场，使房价能够重新开始上涨。
And that's why we're buying up vacant homes and converting them into affordable housing -- creating jobs, stemming our housing crisis, growing the local economy. That's why last year, we put a tax credit worth thousands of dollars into the pocket of 1.4 million Americans to help them buy their first home -- first-time homebuyers credit. That's why we're offering over one million struggling homeowners lower monthly payments through our loan modification initiative. 这就是为什么我们正在购买空置房屋并将其改造成可负担住房——创造就业、遏制住房危机、发展当地经济。这就是为什么去年我们把价值数千美元的税收抵免放进140万美国人的口袋，帮助他们购买第一套住房——首次购房者抵免。这就是为什么我们通过贷款修改计划为超过100万苦苦挣扎的房主提供更低的月供。
And that's why today, thanks to the leadership of Harry Reid, I'm announcing a $1.5 billion fund for housing finance agencies in the states that are hardest hit by this housing crisis -- and that means here in Nevada. Right here in Nevada. 这就是为什么今天，感谢哈里·里德的领导，我宣布设立一个15亿美元的基金，给住房融资机构，用于受住房危机打击最严重的州——这意味着内华达这里。就在内华达这里。
So this fund is going to help out-of-work homeowners avoid preventable foreclosures, and it will help homeowners who owe more than their homes are worth find a way to pay their mortgages that works for both the borrowers and the lenders alike, and will help folks who've taken out a second mortgage modify their loans. 所以这个基金将帮助失业的房主避免可预防的止赎，帮助那些欠款超过房屋价值的房主找到一种对借款人和放贷者都适用的偿还抵押贷款的方式，并帮助那些已办理二次抵押贷款的人修改他们的贷款。
So, yes, we need to strengthen our housing market. And we need to focus on job creation and getting our economy moving again. But one last thing I want to be clear about -- we can do all those things, dealing with sort of the emergency crisis, and still fall behind in the 21st century, in this global economy, unless we recommit ourselves to solving some of the long-term problems that have been with us for years. 所以，是的，我们需要加强住房市场。我们需要专注于创造就业和让经济重新运转。但我想澄清最后一点——我们可以做所有这些事，应对紧急危机，但如果不大下决心解决一些困扰我们多年的长期问题，我们仍会在21世纪的全球经济中落后。
We've got to recognize, just like earlier generations, that our future is what we make of it, and unless we give everything we've got to securing America's success in the 21st century, our children aren't going to have the same opportunities. 我们必须认识到，就像前几代人一样，我们的未来由我们自己创造，除非我们全力以赴确保美国在21世纪的成功，否则我们的孩子不会有同样的机会。
Now, I've traveled a lot over the last year, all over the world, and I've got to tell you, countries like China -- they're competing to win. And there's nothing wrong with that. We want China to succeed. They've got a lot of poverty, much more poverty than we have here, and it's good for their stability if they're doing well. But I don't know about you -- I don't intend to cede the 21st century to anybody else. America is not a nation that follows -- America leads. That's what I intend for us to do once again. America leads. 过去一年我走访了很多地方，走遍世界各地，我必须告诉你们，像中国这样的国家——他们在为赢而竞争。这没什么不对。我们希望中国成功。他们有很多贫困，比我们这里多得多，如果他们发展得好，对他们的稳定有好处。但我不知道你们怎么想——我不打算把21世纪拱手让给任何人。美国不是一个追随别国的国家——美国引领世界。这就是我打算让我们再次做到的事。美国引领世界。
So what does it mean to lead? It means countries that out-educate us today are going to out-compete us tomorrow. And that means America has to lead in education. That's why we're working with educators to transform our schools, and make college more affordable, and prepare our kids for science and engineering and technical degrees -- because those are going to be the jobs of the future. 那么引领意味着什么？意味着今天在教育上超越我们的国家，明天就会在竞争中超越我们。这意味着美国必须在教育上领先。这就是为什么我们正与教育工作者合作改造我们的学校，让大学更可负担，并为我们的孩子准备科学、工程和技术学位——因为那些将是未来的工作。
And because the future belongs to countries that create the jobs of tomorrow, we've got to lead in energy. That's why we're investing in companies right here in Nevada and across this nation that produce solar power and wind power and the smart, energy-efficient electric grids -- the investments that are giving rise to a clean energy economy. It's vital that we do that. 因为未来属于那些创造明日工作的国家，我们必须在能源领域领先。这就是为什么我们正在投资内华达这里和全国各地的公司，它们生产太阳能和风能以及智能、节能的电网——这些投资正在催生清洁能源经济。我们这样做至关重要。
Our nation can't lead, we can't prosper, if we've got a broken-down health care system that works better for the insurance companies than it does for ordinary Americans. And we can't squander the opportunity to reform our health care system to make it work for everybody. 如果我们的医疗体系对保险公司比对普通美国人更好，我们的国家就无法引领，无法繁荣。我们不能浪费改革医疗体系、让它为所有人服务的机会。
That's why this coming week I'm going to be meeting, and Harry is going to be meeting, with members of both parties and both chambers -- we're going to move forward the Democratic proposal; we hope the Republicans have one, too. And we'll sit down and let's hammer it out, go -- we'll go section by section. 这就是为什么下周我将与两党两院的成员会面——哈里也会参加——我们将推进民主党的提案；我们希望共和党也有一个。我们会坐下来好好谈——一节一节地过。
Because America can't solve our economic problems unless we tackle some of these structural problems. And America can't lead -- we can't succeed unless we're also getting a handle on our debt. We've got to confront this fiscal crisis that has been brewing for years. That's why we're cutting what we don't need to pay for what we do. 因为美国除非解决一些结构性问题，否则无法解决经济问题。美国无法引领——除非我们也控制住债务，否则无法成功。我们必须应对这场酝酿多年的财政危机。这就是为什么我们要削减不需要的开支来支付所需的开支。
That's why I signed a law that says Americans should pay as we go and live within our means. That's why yesterday I announced a bipartisan fiscal commission that will help us meet our fiscal challenges once and for all. 这就是为什么我签署了一项法律，规定美国人应该量入为出、现收现付。这就是为什么昨天我宣布成立一个两党财政委员会，帮助我们一劳永逸地应对财政挑战。
Fiscal responsibility. Clean energy. A world-class education. A health care system that works. An economy that lifts up all our citizens. That's how America can lead. That's how the future will be won -- with all of us coming together to win it -- Democrats and Republicans alike. And independents. 财政责任。清洁能源。世界一流的教育。运转良好的医疗体系。惠及所有公民的经济。这就是美国能够引领的方式。这就是未来将被赢得的方式——我们所有人团结起来赢得它——民主党人和共和党人一起。还有独立人士。
With all the petty partisanship and game-playing in Washington, I know that sometimes you guys can feel pretty frustrated. 面对华盛顿所有那些琐碎的党争和权术，我知道有时你们会感到相当沮丧。
Audience: Yesss! 观众：是的！
President Obama: I know it can be easy to despair about whether we, as a nation, can come together anymore. But for those who wonder if America can unite, just come to Henderson. You think about it. This is a town that was founded during World War II to supply metal for planes, for guns, for the arsenal of democracy that freed the world from tyranny. 奥巴马总统：我知道人们很容易对作为一个国家我们是否还能团结起来感到绝望。但对那些怀疑美国能否团结的人来说，来看看亨德森吧。你们想想。这座城市在二战期间建立，为飞机、枪炮供应金属，为解放世界摆脱暴政的民主兵工厂效力。
This is a town -- it wasn't built by liberals or conservatives; it was built by Americans, by patriots who rallied around a common purpose in an hour of need. And I'm certain that if we can reclaim in this country the spirit of unity that built Henderson, Nevada, all those years ago, then we can build cities of destiny across this country. And the future will belong to the United States of America. 这座城市——它不是由自由派或保守派建造的；它是由美国人建造的，由在需要之时围绕共同目标团结起来的爱国者建造的。我确信，如果我们能在这个国家重新找回多年前建造亨德森、内华达的那种团结精神，我们就能在全国各地建造命运之城。未来将属于美利坚合众国。
Thank you. God bless you. God bless the United States of America. Thank you. Thank you. 谢谢。愿上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。谢谢。谢谢。
All right, everybody sit down. This is the -- Here's where I'm on the hot seat, so I've got to take off my jacket. Answer some questions. Everybody sit down. All right. 好了，大家请坐。这就是——现在我要接受质询了，所以我得脱掉外套。回答一些问题。大家请坐。好了。
Some of you have been to town halls before, so this is pretty straightforward. We've got people in the audience with mics, and just raise your hand -- we're going to go girl, boy, girl, boy -- make sure it's fair. And I'm going to try to take as many questions as I can in the time remaining. 你们中有些人以前参加过市民大会，所以这很简单。我们在观众席里安排了拿麦克风的人，举手就行——我们按女、男、女、男的顺序来——确保公平。我会尽量在剩余时间里回答尽可能多的问题。
And when you -- before you answer [sic] your question, if you can introduce yourself so that we know who you are. And try to make your question relatively brief so that we can get in as many as possible. All right? 当你——在你提问之前，如果你能自我介绍一下，让我们知道你是谁。尽量让你的问题简短一些，这样我们能回答尽可能多的问题。好吗？
As I said, we're going to go girl, boy, girl, boy. Young lady right there, yes. 如我所说，我们按女、男、女、男的顺序来。那位年轻女士，对，就是你。
Question: Thank you, President Obama. In Nevada -- 提问：谢谢您，奥巴马总统。在内华达——
President Obama: What's your name? 奥巴马总统：你叫什么名字？
Question: Oh, my name is Florence Jamison. [phonetic] 提问：哦，我叫弗洛伦斯·贾米森。[音译]
President Obama: Okay. How are you, Florence? 奥巴马总统：好的。你好吗，弗洛伦斯？
Question: I'm terrific. 提问：我很好。
President Obama: Great. 奥巴马总统：太好了。
Question: In Nevada we have the second highest number of medically uninsured, about 325,000 uninsured. More than five working adults are colleagues who are dying each week because of no access to health care. I am the founder of Volunteers in Medicine, Southern Nevada -- a free clinic which has been set up to help our sick and dying. 提问：在内华达，我们的医疗保险未投保人数排全国第二，大约有32.5万人没有保险。每周有超过五个在职成年人因为无法获得医疗服务而死亡。我是"志愿医疗"组织的创始人，该组织在南内华达——是一个免费诊所，旨在帮助那些生病和垂死的人。
There are hundreds of caring Nevadans that have rallied like a corps of angels to come and provide free health care for their struggling neighbors -- housekeepers, operators, receptionists, eligibility workers, social workers, nurses, doctors. 有成百上千充满爱心的内华达人像天使军团一样聚集起来，为苦苦挣扎的邻居提供免费医疗服务——保洁员、接线员、接待员、资格审核员、社工、护士、医生。
In your health reform bill you have a provision to protect the federally funded subsidized community clinics. It is not clear if they're going to cover the free clinics where volunteers throughout the community have rallied to give support to their struggling neighbors in their great time of need. Can you help us with that? 在您的医改法案中，有一项保护联邦资助的补贴社区诊所的条款。但目前不清楚是否覆盖那些志愿者们在社区中团结起来帮助困难邻居的免费诊所。您能帮帮我们吗？
President Obama: Well, thank you, first of all, for the great work that you guys are doing. So we appreciate that. But if you're like a lot of free clinics across the country, I know you're getting overwhelmed, because the need is so great. 奥巴马总统：首先，感谢你们所做的伟大工作。我们对此深表感激。但如果你们和全国许多免费诊所一样，我知道你们已经应接不暇了，因为需求太大了。
The bill that Harry and I have been working on would provide assistance to a whole range of community-based efforts -- preventive care, wellness care -- which is absolutely vital not only for the people who are receiving services at clinics like yours, but also for reducing the costs of health care overall, because the more that people have access to preventive care, the less likely they are to go to the emergency room when things are already out of hand. 哈里和我一直在推动的法案将为一系列社区项目提供援助——预防性护理、健康护理——这不仅对在你们这样的诊所接受服务的人至关重要，对降低整体医疗成本也至关重要，因为人们越能获得预防性护理，就越不可能等到事情失控才去急诊室。
Now, let me just speak more broadly about health care, because we're going to have a meeting with the Republicans, as I said, next week. I've got to admit that this has been an issue that I was warned I shouldn't take on. No, no, I mean, seriously. 让我更广泛地谈谈医疗问题，因为如我所说，下周我们将与共和党人会面。我必须承认，这是一个有人警告我不该碰的问题。不，不，我是认真的。
When I first came in -- and Harry was part of some of these conversations -- there were a lot of political advisors who said, look, health care is just too hard, it's just too complicated. Everybody says in theory that they want to reform the health care system, but because it's complicated, once you start putting a bill together you get all kinds of criticism; the insurance lobby will spend millions of dollars on advertising and TV, scaring the heck out of everybody; your poll numbers will go down, and you're not going to get a lot of cooperation from the other side. 我刚上任时——哈里也参与了其中一些对话——很多政治顾问说，听着，医疗太困难了，太复杂了。理论上每个人都希望改革医疗体系，但因为它复杂，一旦你开始起草法案就会招来各种批评；保险游说集团会花数百万美元做广告和电视，吓唬所有人；你的民调数字会下降，你也得不到对方多少合作。
I mean, that was the warning. Plus, because the economy is bad, a lot of people are already feeling kind of anxious, and so they're thinking, gosh, we had to do all that stuff to fix the financial system, we had to do this stuff to fix the autos, we had this big recovery package, the deficits are going up -- partly because tax revenues is not coming in and we're having to spend more on unemployment insurance and things like that -- this is probably not the time to be too ambitious. 我的意思是，这就是警告。再加上，经济不好，很多人本就感到焦虑，所以他们想，天哪，我们为了修复金融体系已经做了那么多事，为了修汽车业做了那么多事，还有这么大的复苏方案，赤字在上升——部分原因是税收减少，而我们不得不在失业保险等方面花更多钱——现在可能不是太雄心勃勃的时候。
So I want to explain to everybody why I decided to take it on. First of all, I decided to take it on because I get a letter -- or two, or five -- every day from people who have lost their job and suddenly they don't have health insurance, somebody in their family gets sick, and they lose their house. 所以我想向大家解释我为什么决定碰这个问题。首先，我决定碰它，是因为我每天都会收到一封、两封或五封来信，来自那些失业后突然没了医保、家里有人生病、然后失去房子的人。
They were solid middle-class folks until they lost their job, and, lo and behold, they discovered they couldn't get coverage because something had happened to them before. Maybe a woman had had breast cancer, and it was okay as long as she had her employer-based health care. But once she tried -- once she lost her job and tried to get health care, couldn't get it. 他们是扎实的中产阶级，直到失业，结果发现因为之前发生过某些事而无法获得保险。也许一位女性曾患乳腺癌，只要她有雇主提供的医保就没事。但一旦她尝试——一旦她失业并试图获得医疗保障，就得不到。
I've looked too many parents in the eye who say, our children have these chronic diseases and we found out that our insurance only covered us up to a certain amount and then they hit a cap, and afterwards we had to hold bake sales and our neighbors had to raise money just to make sure that our kids would live. Too many stories like that. So that was the main reason that I said we had to take it on. 我见过太多父母，他们眼中含泪说，我们的孩子有这些慢性病，我们发现保险只覆盖到一定金额，然后就到顶了，之后我们不得不举办烘焙义卖，邻居们不得不凑钱，只为了确保我们的孩子能活下去。这样的故事太多了。这就是我说我们必须解决它的主要原因。
But the second reason was because even if you've got health insurance, what's happened to your premiums lately? Look, if this is a representative sample, I'm assuming that 85 percent of you have health care -- maybe 90 percent -- let's say 85 percent of you have health care. Some of you are getting it through your jobs; some of you are still buying it individually, or you're a small business owner and you're purchasing it. 第二个原因是，即使你有医保，最近你的保费怎么样了？听着，如果这是一个有代表性的样本，我假设你们中85%的人有医保——也许90%——假设85%的人有医保。你们有些人通过工作获得；有些人仍然单独购买，或者你们是小企业主在购买。
No matter what your situation, I guarantee you your costs have gone up at least double digits over the last year. They have doubled over the last decade. And they're going to more than double over the next decade if we don't do anything. So even if you're lucky enough to have health care, it is digging deeper and deeper into your pocket. 无论你的情况如何，我保证你的成本去年至少上涨了两位数。过去十年里翻了一番。如果我们什么都不做，未来十年还会再翻一番多。所以即使你有幸拥有医保，它也在越来越深地掏空你的口袋。
They just had -- some of you saw the news -- for people who don't have insurance through a big employer, the individual market, in California one of the biggest insurance providers, Anthem Blue Cross, just announced that they were going to raise rates on these folks by up to 39 percent -- up to 39 percent. 刚有消息——你们有些人看到了——对于那些没有通过大雇主获得保险的人，即个人市场，在加州最大的保险提供商之一Anthem Blue Cross刚宣布，他们要将这些人的费率提高39%——高达39%。
That's the future. That's the future, Henderson. That's going to be one of the main things that helps to bankrupt local school districts, because all these teachers, all these employees, those health care costs go up. Universities -- those young people who are about to go college, part of the reason your tuition is going up is because every employee at the university, their health care costs are going up. And that gets passed on to you. 这就是未来。这就是未来，亨德森。这将是导致地方学区破产的主要因素之一，因为所有这些教师、所有这些员工，那些医疗成本都在涨。大学——那些即将上大学的年轻人，你们学费上涨的部分原因是大学每位员工的医疗成本在上涨。而这最终转嫁到你们身上。
And, finally, the third reason that we had to take this on is because the deficit and the debt that you hear everybody getting in a tizzy about -- properly so -- the vast majority of our long-term debt is driven by Medicare and Medicaid. It's driven by our rising health care costs. Nothing comes close. You could eliminate every earmark, you could eliminate foreign aid, you could eliminate all that stuff -- it would amount to about 5 percent of the budget. Most of it is health care costs. 最后，我们必须解决这个问题的第三个原因是，你们听到大家都很焦虑的赤字和债务问题——理所应当——我们长期债务的绝大部分是由联邦医疗保险和医疗补助驱动的。它是由我们不断上涨的医疗成本驱动的。没有什么比得上它。你可以取消所有专项拨款，取消所有对外援助，取消所有那些东西——那大约只占预算的5%。大部分是医疗成本。
And as the population gets older, they use more health care; that drives it up even faster. And pretty soon, pretty soon the entire federal budget is going to be gobbled up by these rising health care costs. And you're already seeing it at the state level here in Nevada, right? What's happening with Medicaid? The governor is starting to talk about having to cut all kinds of aspects of Medicaid because of the cost. 随着人口老龄化，他们使用的医疗服务更多；这会推高得更快。很快，很快整个联邦预算就会被这些不断上涨的医疗成本吞噬。你们在内华达州层面已经看到了，对吧？医疗补助怎么了？州长开始谈论因为成本而不得不削减医疗补助的方方面面。
So here's my point. We can't wait to reform the health care system. It is vital for our economy. It is vital for our economy to change how health care works in this country. It's vital. 所以我的观点是。我们不能等待改革医疗体系。这对我们的经济至关重要。改变医疗在这个国家的运作方式对我们的经济至关重要。至关重要。
Now, having said all that, the people who were giving me advice at the beginning of the year were right -- health care has been knocking me around pretty good. It's been knocking Harry around pretty good. And Harry has shown extraordinary courage because he said, you know what, Barack, we are going to get this done. I know it's costing me politically but it's important, it's the right thing to do. That's what he's been saying consistently, and I'm proud of him for it. 说了这么多，年初给我建议的人是对的——医疗问题把我折腾得够呛。也把哈里折腾得够呛。但哈里展现了非凡的勇气，因为他说，你知道吗，巴拉克，我们要把这件事做成。我知道这让我付出政治代价，但这很重要，这是正确的事。他一直这么说，我为他感到骄傲。
So let me -- just very quickly, let me describe what it is that we have proposed -- and I'm waiting to see what the Republicans propose in turn -- because there's been a lot of misinformation here. What we have said is this: If you have health insurance, we are going to pass a series of health reforms so that the insurance companies have to treat you fairly -- it's very straightforward. 那么让我——非常简要地——描述一下我们提出的方案——我正等着看共和党人反过来提出什么——因为这里有很多错误信息。我们所说的是：如果你有医保，我们将通过一系列医疗改革，让保险公司必须公平对待你——这很直接。
That they can't prevent you from getting health insurance because of a preexisting condition; that they can't put a lifetime cap so in the fine print it turns out that you're not fully covered. So there are a whole series of insurance reforms -- that's number one. 他们不能因为你已有的疾病而拒绝为你提供医保；他们不能设定终身限额，以至于在细则中你实际上没有得到充分保障。所以有一整套保险改革——这是第一点。
Number two, we've got a whole series of cost controls. So what we're saying is, for example, that every insurer, they've got to spend the vast majority of your premiums on actual care, as opposed to profits and overhead. We're saying that we've got to get out some of the waste and abuse, including subsidies to insurance companies in the Medicare system that run in the tens of billions of dollars every year. 第二，我们有一整套成本控制措施。比如我们要求每家保险公司，必须把你们保费的绝大部分花在实际医疗服务上，而不是利润和行政开支上。我们说要消除一些浪费和滥用，包括医疗保险体系中每年达数百亿美元的保险公司补贴。
That's not a good use of your taxpayer dollars. And we're working to improve wellness and prevention, as I said before, so that people aren't going to the emergency room for care. 那不是你们纳税人钱的合理用途。我们还在努力改善健康预防和预防性护理，正如我之前所说，让人们不至于去急诊室求医。
Now, the third thing, and the thing that's most controversial, sadly, is what we're also saying is we've got to make sure that everybody can have access to coverage. And the way we do that is we set up something called an exchange, where essentially individuals and small businesses who aren't getting a good deal because they don't have the same negotiating power as the big companies when it comes to the insurance market, they can pool just like members of Congress and federal employees do in their health care plan. 第三件事，也是可悲的是最有争议的事，我们还要说的是，我们必须确保每个人都能获得保险。我们通过建立一个所谓的"交易所"来实现，本质上，那些因为没有大公司那样的议价能力而在保险市场上得不到好交易的个人和小企业，可以像国会议员和联邦雇员在他们的医保计划中那样联合起来。
They can pool so that now they've got the purchasing power of a million people behind them and they can get a better deal. That can lower their costs. And we'll give subsidies for working families who can't afford it even with lower premium costs. 他们可以联合起来，这样他们身后就有了百万人的购买力，能获得更好的交易。这可以降低他们的成本。我们还会为那些即使保费降低也负担不起的工作家庭提供补贴。
Now, so I want everybody to pay attention next Thursday when we have this health care summit. You may not want to watch all six or eight hours of it, you got things to do. But pay attention to what this debate is about, because there's been so much talk about death panels and adding to the deficit, and this and that and the other. 所以我希望大家下周四关注我们的医疗峰会。你们可能不想看满六到八个小时，你们有事要做。但要关注这场辩论的内容，因为已经有太多关于"死亡委员会"和增加赤字等等的说法。
Pay attention, because this is -- what we're proposing has nothing to do with a government takeover of a health care. Most of you would have the exact same health care that you've got right now, but you'd be more protected and more secure. And if you don't have health care, you'd have a chance of getting health care. 请关注，因为这是——我们提出的方案与政府接管医疗毫无关系。你们大多数人将拥有与现在完全相同的医保，但会得到更多保护、更有保障。如果你没有医保，你将有机会获得医保。
And, by the way, it would actually save us money in the long term, because all those wasteful dollars that we're spending right now, the experts estimate we'd actually save a trillion dollars by passing it. 而且，从长远来看它实际上会为我们省钱，因为我们现在花在那些浪费上的钱，专家估计通过该法案我们实际上能节省一万亿美元。
Now, I think it's the right thing to do. The Republicans say -- the Republicans say that they've got a better way of doing it. So I want them to put it on the table -- because as I told them -- as I told them a while back, look, I mean, I'm not a -- I'm not an unreasonable guy. 我认为这是正确的事。共和党人说——共和党人说他们有更好的办法。所以我要他们把方案摆到桌面上——因为正如我告诉他们——正如我不久前告诉他们的，听着，我不是一个——我不是个不讲道理的人。
If you show me that you can do the things we just talked about -- protect people from insurance problems, make sure that the costs are controlled, and people who don't have health insurance are covered -- and you can do it cheaper than me, then why wouldn't I do that? I'll just grab your idea and say, great, and take all the credit. I'd be happy to do it. 如果你能向我展示，你能做到我们刚才说的事——保护人们免受保险问题困扰，确保成本得到控制，让没有医保的人获得保障——而且你能比我花更少的钱，那我为什么不这么做呢？我会直接采纳你的主意，说，太好了，并揽下所有功劳。我很乐意这么做。
So show me what you got. But don't let the American people go another year, another 10 years, another 20 years without health insurance reform in this country. 所以给我看看你们的方案。但不要让美国人民再等一年、十年、二十年而没有医保改革。
Okay, it's a gentleman's turn. It's a man's turn. This guy over here. This guy with a beard. 好了，轮到男士了。轮到一位男士了。那边那位。那位留胡子的先生。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Ben Burris [phonetic], from Jonesboro, Arkansas. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。本·伯里斯[音译]，来自阿肯色州琼斯伯勒。
President Obama: What are you doing all the way here in Vegas? 奥巴马总统：你怎么大老远跑来拉斯维加斯了？
Question: Everybody comes to Vegas. 提问：大家都来拉斯维加斯。
President Obama: That's what I'm talking about. There you go. Everybody comes to Vegas. Yes. Now, here's my only question, Ben. Have you spent some money here in Vegas? 奥巴马总统：这就是我说的。没错。大家都来拉斯维加斯。是的。现在，本，我唯一的问题是，你在拉斯维加斯花钱了吗？
Question: Oh, yes, sir. 提问：哦，是的，先生。
President Obama: He says "Yes, sir." 奥巴马总统：他说"是的，先生"。
Question: Yes, sir. 提问：是的，先生。
President Obama: He's spending some money here in Vegas. All right. That's good. We like to see that. All right, what's your question? 奥巴马总统：他在拉斯维加斯花了些钱。好了。很好。我们乐于看到这个。好了，你的问题是什么？
Question: Well, sir, I'm reasonably familiar with the current and proposed legislature as it applies to dentistry and oral health. And my question is, what's your vision for how dentistry will fit into your larger framework for health care reform? 提问：嗯，先生，我对当前和拟议中适用于牙科和口腔健康的立法相当了解。我的问题是，您对牙科如何融入您更广泛的医疗改革框架有何愿景？
President Obama: Are you a dentist yourself? 奥巴马总统：你自己是牙医吗？
Question: Yes, sir. So if somebody has a heart attack, you better still call 9-1-1. Just a dentist. 提问：是的，先生。所以如果有人心脏病发作，你最好还是打911。我只是个牙医。
President Obama: Now, it is interesting that you raised this. It turns out -- this is serous -- that dental hygiene is actually very important for keeping your heart healthy. It turns out that heart disease can be triggered when you've got gum disease. So everybody floss. That's my first -- am I right? You got to floss. 奥巴马总统：你提到这个问题很有意思。事实证明——这很严肃——牙齿卫生对保持心脏健康实际上非常重要。事实证明，当你患有牙龈疾病时，可能会引发心脏病。所以大家都要用牙线。这是我的第一句——我说得对吗？你必须用牙线。
It is my hope that we can include dental care in the various proposals that we're putting forward. Dental and vision care are very important. Now, I'll tell you that some folks will say we can't afford it. Some states in their Medicaid program cover dental; some states don't. 我希望我们能将牙科护理纳入我们提出的各项方案中。牙科和视力护理非常重要。我告诉你们，有些人会说我信负担不起。有些州的医疗补助计划覆盖牙科；有些州不覆盖。
At minimum -- at minimum, I think it's very important that we've got dental care for our kids. Because what happens is, is that if we can keep our children's teeth healthy, then usually that means they've got healthy teeth as adults. And if not, oftentimes that actually distracts them and prevents them from learning, because both dental and eye care -- a lot of kids end up being distracted. They can't read the blackboard, they've got a cavity that's been untreated. It's a huge problem. 至少——至少，我认为确保我们的孩子获得牙科护理非常重要。因为如果能让孩子们的牙齿保持健康，通常意味着他们成年后牙齿也健康。否则，往往实际上会分散他们的注意力，妨碍他们学习，因为牙科和视力护理——很多孩子最终会分心。他们看不清黑板，有蛀牙没治。这是个很大的问题。
So I would like to see dental care covered. I will tell you that some folks are going to say we can't afford it. At minimum, I'd like to see that our children have the care that they need. 所以我希望看到牙科护理被覆盖。我告诉你们，有些人会说我信负担不起。至少，我希望看到我们的孩子得到他们需要的护理。
Question: Can I say one more thing, sir? I think most of us in dentistry think that health care is the primary need here in terms of that, and children as well. So we think that if you can take care of health care first and let dentistry -- do that kind of thing -- it's more important to take care of the health care first. Thank you, sir. 提问：我能再说一句吗，先生？我想我们牙科界的大多数人认为，在这方面医疗是首要需求，儿童也是如此。所以我们认为，如果您能先解决医疗问题，让牙科——做那类事——先解决医疗问题更重要。谢谢您，先生。
President Obama: There you go. All right, I appreciate that. Thank you. Okay, it's a young lady's turn. It's so hard to choose. Okay, I'll call on this young lady back here, right over here. Yes, you. All right, we got to get the young man with the mic over to you. 奥巴马总统：说得好。好了，谢谢。好的，轮到一位年轻女士了。很难选。好的，我选这位后面的年轻女士，就在这里。对，你。好了，我们得让拿麦克风的年轻人过去你那边。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Thank God for this opportunity. I realize that insurance and medical care has been a major issue. This is my problem. I worked for United Airlines for nearly 30 years. I was severely injured during flight. I have a workman comp's case that have fallen on deaf ear. The conflict in this city with the lawyers and the doctors and this whole problem has drove my life really to almost not having a life at all. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。感谢上帝给我这个机会。我意识到保险和医疗一直是个重大问题。这是我的问题。我在联合航空公司工作了近30年。我在飞行中受了重伤。我有一桩工伤赔偿案，却无人理会。这个城市里律师和医生之间的冲突以及整个问题，几乎让我的生活变得不像在生活。
I don't know where else to turn. I don't know who else to talk to about the problem. I've written you letters. I've written letters to many of the senators here in Las Vegas. I've talked to the doctors. I've done everything I know how to do. 我不知道还能转向哪里。我不知道还能向谁倾诉这个问题。我给您写过信。我给拉斯维加斯的许多参议员写过信。我跟医生谈过。我做了我知道该做的一切。
But I am a widow with a special needs child. I have lived in the house that I live in for 19 years. My house is in foreclosure. I have disability insurance. I have Social Security disability. That disability tells me, your insurance is not accepted here. I can't get the medical help that I need to get better. 但我是一个带着特殊需要孩子的寡妇。我在我住的房子里住了19年。我的房子正在被止赎。我有残疾保险。我有社会保障残疾。那个残疾告诉我，你的保险在这里不被接受。我得不到康复所需的医疗帮助。
President Obama: What's your -- 奥巴马总统：你叫什么——
Question: I'd love to be a flight attendant for you on that U.S. One. I'm trained on that U.S. One. 提问：我很乐意在空军一号上为您当空乘。我受过空军一号的培训。
President Obama: Well, look, in terms of your specific issue, come see Harry Reid and Harry Reid will see if he can help you out here. All right? Workman's comp is generally a state issue as opposed to a federal issue. But Harry, he's got a few connections here in Nevada, so I suspect that he can help out. 奥巴马总统：嗯，关于你的具体问题，去找哈里·里德，哈里·里德会看看能不能帮你。好吗？工伤赔偿通常是州层面的问题，而非联邦问题。但哈里在内华达有些关系，所以我猜他能帮上忙。
But, look, to the larger point, there are a lot more people who are actually going on disability right now partly because job opportunities have shrunk. And that's why it's so important for us to really focus on jobs. 但从更大的角度来看，现在有更多的人实际上在申请残疾，部分原因是就业机会减少了。这就是为什么我们真正专注于就业如此重要。
Now, if you were listening to the Republicans, you'd think that last year we weren't paying any attention to jobs, that we were just kind of -- I don't know what we were doing, Harry. I guess we were just sort of sitting around. The truth is, is that everything we did last year was designed around how do we break the back of the recession and move the economic recovery forward in order to promote job growth. 如果你听共和党人的说法，你会以为去年我们根本没关注就业，我们只是——我不知道我们在干什么，哈里。我猜我们就是干坐着。事实是，我们去年做的每一件事，都围绕如何打破衰退的脊梁、推动经济复苏向前以促进就业增长。
You can't have job growth if the economy is contracting by 6 percent, because businesses look and they say nobody is spending money, we got no customers, we can't hire. So the first thing we had to do was to make sure that companies were starting to make a profit again, and the economy was growing. We are now in that position, because of the work that Harry did and a lot of -- and these two outstanding members of Congress did, Congresswoman Berkley and Titus. The economy is now growing again. 如果经济萎缩6%，你不可能有就业增长，因为企业看着说没人花钱，我们没客户，我们不能招人。所以我们必须做的第一件事是确保企业重新开始盈利，经济开始增长。我们如今正处于这个位置，这得益于哈里以及这两位杰出国会议员——伯克利议员和提图斯——所做的工作。经济现在再次增长。
But here is the challenge that we've got. The challenge we have is that after they've laid off 8 million people, now they're growing with fewer people. So they're making profits, but they haven't started hiring yet. Our challenge is how do we get businesses to start hiring again? 但这是我们面临的挑战。我们的挑战是，在企业裁掉800万人之后，现在他们用更少的人实现增长。所以他们有利润，但还没开始招聘。我们的挑战是如何让企业重新开始招聘？
Now, some of the jobs, I'll be honest with you, are probably not going to come back. And the reason is because people have installed new technologies, or they've set up new system where they can do more with fewer workers. That's why it's so important for us to invest in new industries and new technologies. 老实告诉你们，有些工作岗位可能回不来了。原因是人们安装了新技术，或者建立了用更少工人做更多事的新系统。这就是为什么我们投资新产业和新技术如此重要。
I'll give you an example. We were talking about autos before. Do you know that before the Recovery Act was passed, the United States was producing about 2 percent of the advanced batteries that are used in these clean cars, these electric cars? We were producing 2 percent of the batteries -- less than 2 percent. What we did as part of the Recovery Act was invest in developing plants for battery production here in the United States. 我给你们举个例子。我们之前谈过汽车。你们知道吗，在《复苏法案》通过之前，美国生产的先进电池——这些清洁汽车、电动汽车所用的电池——只占约2%。我们生产的电池占2%——不到2%。我们作为《复苏法案》的一部分，投资在美国建立电池生产工厂。
And do you know that in 18 months, we will have the capacity to produce 20 percent of the advanced batteries around the world? And by 2015, we'll have the capacity to produce 40 percent of the batteries around the world. We've created an entire new industry -- an entire new industry has been created here in the United States that can produce jobs. 你们知道吗，18个月后，我们将有能力生产全球20%的先进电池。到2015年，我们将有能力生产全球40%的电池。我们创造了一个全新的产业——一个全新的产业在美国诞生了，可以创造就业。
So we've got to constantly look for those opportunities in solar and in wind, and in other hi-tech areas, because that's going to be the future. The more people have work available to them -- there is just a virtuous cycle that happens. When people go to work, they feel good; their health is better; their kids do better in school -- right? Business -- they've got money to spend, they come to Vegas, right? Tourism industry starts taking off. 所以我们必须不断在太阳能、风能和其他高科技领域寻找这些机会，因为那将是未来。人们越是有工作可做——就会形成一个良性循环。人们去工作时，感觉良好；他们的健康更好；他们的孩子在学校表现更好——对吧？企业——他们有钱花，他们来拉斯维加斯，对吧？旅游业开始腾飞。
So we're going to be putting -- Harry and I are working now on a jobs package for this year that's designed not -- it's no longer designed to grow the economy. Now it's designed to give incentives to businesses who are now making a profit to start hiring again, and to help small businesses get loans. Because a lot of small businesses are still having trouble getting loans from banks, even if they see an opportunity for business growth, and we want to make sure that they've got access to capital. 所以我们正在——哈里和我现在正制定今年的就业方案，它不再是为了经济增长。现在它旨在激励那些正在盈利的企业重新开始招聘，并帮助小企业获得贷款。因为很多小企业仍然难以从银行获得贷款，即使他们看到了业务增长的机会，我们要确保他们能获得资本。
All right, it's a guy's turn. I'm going to call on this guy, even though he's got a Cubs jacket on. Everybody knows I'm a White Sox fan, but I'm going to call -- just to show that I'm unbiased, I'm calling on a Cubs guy. 好了，轮到男士了。我要选这位，尽管他穿着小熊队的夹克。大家都知道我是白袜队球迷，但我要选——为了表明我没有偏见，我选一位小熊队球迷。
Question: You're not a Cub hater. 提问：您不是讨厌小熊队的人。
President Obama: I'm not a Cub hater, that's right. 奥巴马总统：我不讨厌小熊队，没错。
Question: Okay, before I ask my question, I want to say something. I'm enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan. I understand that my benefits will be cut with health reform. I'm all for it. 提问：好的，在我提问之前，我想说点事。我参加了联邦医疗保险优势计划。我知道随着医改我的福利会被削减。我完全支持。
President Obama: Well, how about that? Let me -- let me -- before you ask your actual question, let me just make this point. We're not actually eliminating Medicare Advantage. What Medicare Advantage is, is basically the previous administration had this idea, instead of traditional Medicare, let's contract out to insurance companies to manage the Medicare program. 奥巴马总统：哦，是吗？让我——让我——在你提出实际问题之前，让我说明这一点。我们实际上并没有取消联邦医疗保险优势计划。联邦医疗保险优势计划基本上是上一届政府的想法，即用传统医保之外的方式，把医保项目外包给保险公司管理。
And the insurance companies can then kind of package and pool providers of dental care or eye wear or what have you, and it's a one-stop shop for seniors. 然后保险公司可以把牙科护理或眼镜等服务的提供者打包整合，为老年人提供一站式服务。
Now, in theory that sounds like a pretty good idea, except as you might imagine if the insurance companies are involved that means they've got to make a profit. And what happened was they didn't bid out competitively this Medicare Advantage program. So these insurance companies were just getting a sweet deal. 理论上听起来是个不错的主意，但正如你可能想到的，如果保险公司参与其中，那意味着他们要赚取利润。结果是，他们没有对联邦医疗保险优势计划进行竞争性招标。所以这些保险公司只是得到了一笔便宜的交易。
All we've been saying is let's make sure that there's a competitive bidding process and that we are getting the absolute best bargain. 我们一直说的是，让我们确保有一个竞争性招标程序，确保我们得到绝对最好的交易。
But I appreciate your larger concern, which is let's make sure that everybody has access to health care. And traditional Medicare, by the way, is a great deal. Everybody who is in it is pretty happy with it. But go ahead with your question. 但我感谢你更大的关切，即确保每个人都能获得医疗服务。顺便说一句，传统的联邦医疗保险是个不错的方案。参加的人都相当满意。不过请继续你的问题。
Question: I'm going to introduce myself. My name is Norman -- I live in north Las Vegas. I'm retired. And my question is about Social Security. 提问：我自我介绍一下。我叫诺曼——我住在北拉斯维加斯。我退休了。我的问题是关于社会保障的。
President Obama: Are you a former Chicagoan? 奥巴马总统：你是前芝加哥人吗？
Question: Yes, sir. 提问：是的，先生。
President Obama: Where are you from in Chicago? 奥巴马总统：你是芝加哥哪里人？
Question: Schaumburg last. 提问：最后住在绍姆堡。
President Obama: Fantastic. Well, the weather is a little bit better here, I got to admit. 奥巴马总统：太好了。嗯，这里的天气好一点，我得承认。
Question: Well, we can visit snow here. 提问：嗯，我们在这里也能看到雪。
President Obama: Exactly. All right, go ahead. 奥巴马总统：没错。好了，请讲。
Question: Well, my question is about Social Security. Now, I know there are a lot of myths out there, and I know you can dispel them. I saw an interview on "Meet The Press" with Alan Greenspan, who, as you know, was on the Social Security Commission in the '80s. And Tim Russert asked him specifically, what about the crisis in Social Security? Alan Greenspan's response was, there is no crisis in Social Security; it's a payroll tax issue. Can you comment on that? 提问：嗯，我的问题是关于社会保障。现在，我知道外面有很多传言，我知道您能澄清它们。我在《与媒体见面》节目中看到对艾伦·格林斯潘的采访，如您所知，他在80年代曾在社会保障委员会任职。蒂姆·拉瑟特专门问他，社会保障的危机怎么样了？艾伦·格林斯潘的回答是，社会保障没有危机；这是一个工资税问题。您能对此发表评论吗？
President Obama: Yes. Here's the situation with Social Security. It is actually true that Social Security is not in crisis the way our health care system is in crisis. I mean, when you think about the big entitlement programs, you've got Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid. These are the big programs that take up a huge portion of the federal budget. 奥巴马总统：可以。社会保障的情况是这样的。社会保障确实不像我们的医疗体系那样处于危机之中。我是说，当你想到那些大型福利项目时，你有社会保障、联邦医疗保险、医疗补助。这些是占据联邦预算很大一部分的大型项目。
Social Security is in the best shape of any of these, because basically the cost of Social Security will just go up with ordinary inflation, whereas health care costs are going up much faster than inflation. 社会保障是其中状况最好的，因为基本上社会保障的成本只会随普通通胀上涨，而医疗成本的上涨速度远超通胀。
It is true that if we continue on the current path with Social Security, if we did nothing on Social Security, that at a certain point, in maybe 20 years or so, what would happen is that you start seeing less money coming into the payroll tax, because the population is getting older so you've got fewer workers, and more people are collecting Social Security so more money is going out, and so the trust fund starts dropping. 确实，如果我们继续沿着社会保障的当前路径，如果我们对社会保障什么都不做，那么在某个时候，大概20年左右，会发生的情况是，你开始看到进入工资税的钱变少，因为人口老龄化，所以工人变少，而领取社会保障的人变多，所以支出更多，于是信托基金开始下降。
And if we did nothing, then somewhere around 2040 what would happen would be a lot of the young people who would start collecting Social Security around then would find that they only got 75 cents on every dollar that they thought they were going to get. Everybody with me so far? All right. So slowly we're running out of money. 如果我们什么都不做，那么大约在2040年，会发生的情况是，许多那时开始领取社会保障的年轻人会发现，他们每美元只能拿到他们原以为能拿到的75美分。大家都跟上了吗？好了。所以我们正在慢慢耗尽资金。
But the fixes that are required for Social Security are not huge, the way they are with Medicare. Medicare, that is a real problem. If we don't get a handle on it, it will bankrupt us. With Social Security, we could make adjustments to the payroll tax. For example -- I'll just give you one example -- right now, your Social Security -- your payroll tax is capped at $109,000. 但社会保障所需的修正并不像联邦医疗保险那样巨大。联邦医疗保险才是真正的问题。如果我们不加以控制，它会让我们破产。对于社会保障，我们可以对工资税进行调整。例如——我只举一个例子——目前，你的社会保障——你的工资税上限是10.9万美元。
So what that means is, is that -- how many people -- I don't mean to pry into your business, but how many people here make less than $109,000 every year? All right, this is a pretty rich audience -- a lot of people kept their hands down. I'm impressed. 所以这意味着——有多少人——我不是想打探你们的隐私，但这里有多少人每年收入不到10.9万美元？好了，这是一群相当富有的观众——很多人没举手。我印象深刻。
No, look, what it means is basically for 95 percent of Americans, they pay -- every dollar you earn, you pay into the payroll tax. But think about that other 5 percent that's making more than $109,000 a year. Warren Buffett, he pays the payroll tax on the first $109,000 he makes, and then for the other $10 billion -- he doesn't pay payroll tax. 不，听着，这基本上意味着对95%的美国人来说，他们每赚一美元都要交工资税。但想想另外那5%年收入超过10.9万美元的人。沃伦·巴菲特，他只为前10.9万美元交工资税，然后对另外那100亿美元——他不交工资税。
So -- yes, somebody said, "What?" Yes, that's right. That's the way it works. 所以——是的，有人说"什么？"是的，没错。就是这样运作的。
So what we've said is, well, don't we -- doesn't it make sense to maybe have that payroll tax cut off at a higher level, or have people -- maybe you hold people harmless till they make $250,000 a year, but between $250,000 and a million or something, they start paying payroll tax again -- just to make sure that the fund overall is solvent. 所以我们说的是，难道——难道提高工资税上限不是更合理吗，或者——也许你让收入25万美元以下的人免税，但在25万到100万之间，他们又开始交工资税——只是为了确保基金总体上是健康的。
So that would just be one example. That's not the only way of fixing it, but if you made a slight adjustment like that, then Social Security would be there well into the future and it would be fine. All right? 那只是一个例子。这不是唯一的解决办法，但如果你做出这样的小调整，那么社会保障在未来很长一段时间内都会存在，而且会很好。好吗？
Okay. It's a woman's turn. Anybody -- I'm going to go back here. Nobody's got -- these folks haven't had a chance here. Hold on one second -- I'm going to let you use my mic. You'll give it back, right? Okay. 好了。轮到女士了。有人——我要到后面去。没人——这些人还没机会提问。等一下——我让你用我的麦克风。你会还给我的，对吧？好的。
Question: My name is Peggy -- and I'm a native Nevadan, grew up in Boulder City. There's a few of us here -- known this great guy, Harry, all my life. And my question, which is near and dear to my heart, and there's a few of my co-workers watching right now on television, and a few here -- is we want to know what is going to be done for tourism in Nevada, particularly airlines. 提问：我叫佩吉——我是土生土长的内华达人，在博尔德城长大。我们这里有几个这样的人——认识这位了不起的人哈里一辈子了。我的问题，对我而言非常重要，我有几个同事正在看电视，还有几个在这里——我们想知道，针对内华达的旅游业，特别是航空公司，将采取什么措施。
I am a U.S. Airways employee who has been furloughed for 17 months. They furloughed over 500 more just on the 14th, so there's many, many of us now on the unemployment rolls. And we want to see what's going to happen to bring our jobs back to Las Vegas. 我是美国航空公司的员工，已经被休假17个月了。他们在14号又让500多人休假，所以现在我们有很多人在领失业救济。我们想看看怎样把我们的工作带回拉斯维加斯。
President Obama: Well, first of all, obviously tourism is directly connected to the state of the economy as a whole. If people have disposable income, then they're going to travel. And if they're going to travel and have fun, they're going to come to Las Vegas. Right? So -- but on the other hand, if times are tight, they're having trouble paying the bills, making the mortgage, et cetera, that means tourism declines. 奥巴马总统：首先，显然旅游业与整体经济状况直接相关。如果人们有可支配收入，他们就会去旅行。如果他们要去旅行和娱乐，他们就会来拉斯维加斯。对吧？所以——但另一方面，如果时局艰难，他们难以支付账单、还房贷等等，那意味着旅游业下滑。
So everything we're doing in terms of improving the economy as a whole will start improving tourism. But what is also true is that we can take some particular steps to help to encourage the tourism industry. And Harry, before we came out, was talking about a bipartisan tourism promotion/travel promotion act. 所以我们为改善整体经济所做的一切都将开始改善旅游业。但同样真实的是，我们可以采取一些具体措施来鼓励旅游业。哈里在我们出来之前，就在谈论一项两党支持的旅游促进法案。
Harry -- I'm going to give the mic to Harry for a second. Harry, do you want to talk just a little bit about what would be in the act? 哈里——我把麦克风交给哈里一会儿。哈里，你想简单谈谈法案里有什么吗？
Senator Reid: We're going to try to take that up next week. You'll save a half a billion dollars over 10 years and create tens of thousands of jobs. We're the only country in the world, major country in the world, that doesn't promote itself. You'll see on TV Jamaica does, New Zealand does, Australia does, South Africa does -- but not the United States. We hope within two or three months we'll be promoting ourselves. 里德参议员：我们下周将试图推进这项法案。10年内你们将节省5亿美元，并创造数万个就业岗位。我们是世界上唯一一个不自我推销的主要国家。你们在电视上会看到牙买加在推销、新西兰在推销、澳大利亚在推销、南非在推销——但美国没有。我们希望两三个月内就能开始推销自己。
President Obama: Good. Now, that's the kind of leadership that Harry is showing. Let me make one last point about airlines in particular. There are two things that we can really do to help improve the airline industry. 奥巴马总统：很好。这就是哈里展现的领导力。关于航空公司，让我再说最后一点。我们有两件可以真正做来帮助改善航空业的事。
The first is on energy. Part of the reason that airlines are getting squeezed all the time is because their fuel costs are huge. That's the single biggest problem for most airlines, is fuel costs that skyrocket or are unpredictable. 第一是能源。航空公司一直受到挤压的部分原因是燃料成本巨大。这是大多数航空公司最大的单一问题，即燃料成本暴涨或不可预测。
And so if we've got a smart energy policy that is encouraging the use of electric cars and improving gas mileage, and making sure that we're looking at alternative fuels like biofuels that can be used for trucks, all those things will help to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and, as a consequence, will, over time, stabilize fuel prices in a way that is very helpful to the airlines. 所以如果我们有一项明智的能源政策，鼓励使用电动汽车、提高汽油效率，并确保我们研究生物燃料等可用于卡车的替代燃料，所有这些都将帮助减少我们对外国石油的依赖，并因此随着时间推移以对航空公司非常有帮助的方式稳定燃料价格。
The second thing that we need to do is we've got to upgrade our air traffic control system, which is a little creaky. And one of -- don't worry, I mean, it's safe to travel. I'm not -- I don't want anybody to think, man, creaky, that doesn't sound good. 我们需要做的第二件事是，我们必须升级我们的空中交通管制系统，它有点老旧。其中——别担心，我是说，旅行是安全的。我不是——我不想让任何人觉得，天哪，老旧，听起来不太好。
What it is, is that because we don't use the latest technologies, a lot of times the holding patterns for planes, how many planes can land safely at the same time, all those things are -- reduce the efficiency of -- the overall system is reduced because we're not using the best technologies available. 实际情况是，因为我们不使用最新技术，很多时候飞机的盘旋等待模式、同时能安全降落的飞机数量等等——整个系统的效率降低，因为我们没有使用可用的最佳技术。
If we can upgrade those technologies, then we could reduce delays, we could reduce cancellations, we could reduce the amount of time that it takes when there's bad weather for planes to land. And all that would also help improve profitability in the airlines industry, which in turn would mean that they would be able to hire more workers and provide outstanding customer service. Okay? 如果我们能升级这些技术，那么我们就能减少延误，减少取消，减少坏天气时飞机降落所需的时间。所有这些也将有助于提高航空业的盈利能力，这反过来意味着他们将能雇用更多工人并提供出色的客户服务。好吗？
All right. It's a gentleman's turn. This guy right here. He's a big guy, he stood up and -- he stood up, I thought, man, that's a big guy, I better call on him. Say you're big, too -- I agree. Don't worry, I'm not saying you're not big. All right, go ahead. 好了。轮到男士了。这位先生。他是个大块头，他站起来了——他站起来，我想，天哪，这么大的块头，我最好叫他。说你也很壮——我同意。别担心，我没说你不大。好了，请讲。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. My name is Dr. Herve Misoko [phonetic]. I am originally from France -- actually from Africa, moved to France, and now I'm here in America because I believe -- I still believe that America is the country of the American Dream. And I came here -- I'm a scientist, president of a renewable energy startup, and I came here because I really believe that America can become the first country for clean energy. 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。我叫埃尔韦·米索科博士[音译]。我原籍法国——实际上来自非洲，搬到法国，现在我在美国，因为我相信——我仍然相信美国是实现美国梦的国家。我来这里——我是科学家，一家可再生能源初创公司的总裁，我来这里是因为我真心相信美国能成为清洁能源第一大国。
One of the comments I wanted to make, coming from Europe where carbon is regulated, I see firsthand -- I have a company in France also -- that regulation works. It creates job. My company has been growing 30 percent every year in France for the past two years. And I really want to see that happen here. 我想说的是，来自碳排放受监管的欧洲，我亲眼目睹——我在法国也有一家公司——监管是有效的。它创造了就业。我的公司在法国过去两年每年增长30%。我真的很希望看到这种情况在这里发生。
And I think that even if you don't believe in climate change, there's like byproducts that are awesome jobs. The country is going to advance technology-wise. We're going to become once again like we were with the space industry, the most advanced technologically country in the world. And so I really want to see these regulations happen because it's going to help all of us in the clean energy business. 我认为，即使你不相信气候变化，也有像创造绝佳就业机会这样的副产品。国家将在技术上进步。我们将再次成为世界上技术最先进的国家，就像我们曾经在航天业那样。所以我真的希望看到这些法规出台，因为它将帮助我们清洁能源行业中的所有人。
President Obama: Okay. Well, let me just talk about -- this is -- when the conservatives have their conventions and they yell at me and say how terrible I am -- along with health care this is the other thing that they usually point out, which is that "the President wants to create this cap and trade system and it's going to be a job killer and it's one more step in the government takeover of the American economy." So this is a good place for me to maybe just spend a little time talking about energy and climate change. 奥巴马总统：好的。让我谈谈——当保守派开大会冲我大喊我有多糟糕时——除了医疗，他们通常指出的另一件事就是"总统想建立这个总量管制与交易体系，它将是就业杀手，是政府接管美国经济的又一步。"所以这是一个让我花点时间谈谈能源和气候变化的好地方。
First of all, we just got five feet of snow in Washington and so everybody is like -- a lot of the people who are opponents of climate change, they say, see, look at that, there's all this snow on the ground, this doesn't mean anything. I want to just be clear that the science of climate change doesn't mean that every place is getting warmer; it means the planet as a whole is getting warmer. 首先，华盛顿刚下了五英尺的雪，所以大家——很多反对气候变化的人说，看，地上有这么多雪，这什么都不意味着。我想明确一点，气候变化的科学并不意味着每个地方都在变暖；它意味着整个地球在变暖。
But what it may mean is, for example, Vancouver, which is supposed to be getting snow during the Olympics, suddenly is at 55 degrees, and Dallas suddenly is getting seven inches of snow. 但它可能意味着，例如，本应在冬奥会期间下雪的温哥华，突然达到了55华氏度，而达拉斯突然下了七英寸雪。
The idea is, is that as the planet as a whole gets warmer, you start seeing changing weather patterns, and that creates more violent storm systems, more unpredictable weather. So any single place might end up being warmer; another place might end up being a little bit cooler; there might end up being more precipitation in the air, more monsoons, more hurricanes, more tornadoes, more drought in some places, floods in other places. 意思是，随着整个地球变暖，你开始看到天气模式改变，这创造了更猛烈的暴风系统、更不可预测的天气。所以某个地方可能最终变暖；另一个地方可能稍微变凉；空气中可能会有更多降水，更多季风、更多飓风、更多龙卷风，一些地方更多干旱，其他地方洪水。
So I just -- that's one aspect of the science that I think everybody should understand. That's point number one. 所以这只是——我认为每个人都应该理解的科学的一个方面。这是第一点。
Point number two: The best way for us to unleash the free market -- the best way for us to unleash the free market and capitalism and innovation and dynamism in the energy sector is for us to fully take into account all the costs that go into producing energy and using energy. 第二点：我们释放自由市场——我们释放自由市场、资本主义、创新和活力在能源领域的最佳方式，是充分考虑所有投入生产和使用能源的成本。
And what do I mean by that? Look, if you tell a company that there are no mileage standards on cars, then people end up making Hummers. Right? And everybody drives Hummers until finally gas gets so crazy and at a certain point people start saying maybe I should get a more fuel-efficient car. 我说的什么意思？听着，如果你告诉一家公司汽车没有里程标准，那人们最终就会造悍马。对吧？每个人都开悍马，直到汽油价格高得离谱，在某个时候人们开始说，也许我应该买一辆更省油的车。
But if you've got a fuel-efficiency standard in place that says your car needs to get 20 miles a gallon or 30 miles a gallon, suddenly all these engineers are thinking, well, how do we do that? And all these companies start coming up with new technologies that make your cars more fuel-efficient. Ultimately, you end up seeing jobs and businesses thriving in response to the regulation that's been put there. 但如果你有一个燃油效率标准，规定你的车每加仑要跑20英里或30英里，突然所有这些工程师都在想，我们怎么做呢？所有这些公司开始研发新技术，让你的车更省油。最终，你会看到工作和企业在响应所出台的监管中蓬勃发展。
Now, that's one way to regulate, is just to tell people you got to produce more energy-efficient cars. Another way of doing it is just to send a price signal. You say, it's going to be more expensive for you if you've got a less fuel-efficient car. 现在，这是一种监管方式，就是直接告诉人们你必须生产更节能的汽车。另一种方式就是发送价格信号。你说，如果你的车不够省油，那对你来说会更贵。
Well, that's the only idea that we're trying to talk about when it comes to these greenhouse gases that are causing global warming. If we say that, you know what, the pollution that's being sent into the atmosphere has a cost to all of us -- in terms of in some cases the air we breathe that's causing asthma, in some cases because it's causing climate change -- we just want you to take into account those costs and price energy accordingly. 嗯，这就是我们在谈到这些导致全球变暖的温室气体时试图讨论的唯一想法。如果我们说，你知道吗，排入大气层的污染对我们所有人都有成本——有时是我们呼吸的空气导致哮喘，有时是因为它导致气候变化——我们只是希望你考虑这些成本并相应地为能源定价。
And that means that things like wind energy suddenly become more appealing because they don't produce those pollution -- those pollutants, and other sources of energy become less appealing because they do produce those pollutants. 这意味着风能等突然变得更有吸引力，因为它们不产生那些污染物，而其他能源变得不那么有吸引力，因为它们确实产生那些污染物。
The idea has been that if we put a price on these carbons, then maybe that would be a way that companies would all respond and start inventing new things that would make our planet cleaner. That's the whole idea. 这个想法一直是，如果我们给这些碳定价，那也许就是一种方式，让所有公司都做出回应，开始发明让我们的星球更清洁的新东西。这就是全部想法。
Now, last point I'm going to make on this. What is true is that a lot of us depend on dirty sources of energy and a lot of us depend on really inefficient cars and buildings and et cetera. And so there's got to be a transition. We're not going to suddenly get all our energy from wind or all our energy from sun because we just don't have the technology to do it. 现在，关于这一点我要说的最后一点。真实情况是，我们很多人依赖肮脏的能源，很多人依赖非常低效的汽车和建筑等等。所以必须有一个过渡。我们不会突然从风能获得所有能源，或从太阳获得所有能源，因为我们就是没有技术做到这一点。
But what we should be doing is planning over the next 20, 30 years to move in that direction. That's what countries like China are doing. That's what countries like France are doing. That's what countries all across Europe are doing, and all across Asia are doing. We don't want to be left behind. We're the only ones who have kind of missed the boat. So we're still using 20th century technologies and everybody else is producing 21st century technologies. 但我们应该做的是规划未来20、30年朝那个方向发展。这就是中国等国家在做的事。这就是法国在做的事。这就是欧洲各地和亚洲各国在做的事。我们不想被抛在后面。我们是唯一有点错过机会的人。所以我们仍在使用20世纪的技术，而其他人都在生产21世纪的技术。
Look what happened with the car. We started getting our clock cleaned when consumers decided they wanted a cleaner car and suddenly everybody was buying their cars from Japan, or now South Korea. And we want to make sure that that doesn't happen when it comes to wind turbines, it doesn't happen when it comes to solar energy, et cetera. 看看汽车发生了什么。当消费者决定他们想要更清洁的汽车时，我们开始被甩在后面，突然所有人都从日本或现在的韩国买车。我们要确保这不会发生在风力涡轮机上，不会发生在太阳能等方面。
So the ideas that are being talked about is how do we provide more incentive for clean energy companies like yours to operate profitably, and over time how do we start shifting away from less efficient ways of using energy? That's a pretty straightforward thing to do. There's nothing radical about it. 所以正在讨论的想法是，我们如何为像你这样的清洁能源公司提供更多激励以实现盈利，以及随着时间推移我们如何开始摆脱低效的能源使用方式？这是一件相当直接的事。没有任何激进之处。
It is true, though, that it's not going to happen overnight; it's going to take some time. And we're still going to be getting our electricity from coal; we're still going to be getting electricity from nuclear energy; we're still going to be getting electricity and power from natural gas and other traditional sources. We just want to make sure that we're also moving into the future even as we do so. And I think that we can. 不过确实如此，这不会一夜之间发生；需要一些时间。我们仍将从煤炭获取电力；我们仍将从核能获取电力；我们仍将从天然气和其他传统能源获取电力和动力。我们只是想确保在这样做的同时也迈向未来。我认为我们可以。
All right. I think I've got time for one more question. All right, this is the last question. Last question. It's a lady's turn. All right, everybody is pointing at her. Right up there, right there. I couldn't call on anybody. You know I love everybody here. 好了。我想我还有时间再回答一个问题。好了，这是最后一个问题。最后一个问题。轮到女士了。好了，大家都指着她。就在上面，就在那里。我谁都叫不了。你们知道我爱这里的每一个人。
Question: Good morning, Mr. President. My name is Terry Wright [phonetic] -- and I teach math right here at Green Valley High School. 提问：早上好，总统先生。我叫特里·赖特[音译]——我就绿谷高中教数学。
President Obama: Excellent. 奥巴马总统：太好了。
Question: And my mom is right behind you in the top row. 提问：我妈妈就在你身后最上面一排。
President Obama: Where is Mom? Mom, raise your hand. 奥巴马总统：妈妈在哪？妈妈，举手。
Question: Right there. 提问：就在那里。
President Obama: Oh, hey, Mom. You're a very young looking mom. 奥巴马总统：哦，嗨，妈妈。你看起来很年轻，不像妈妈。
Question: Thank you. My question is this -- and I'm speaking on behalf of all of us math teachers up here -- when you were a freshman in high school specifically, did you have math homework every night? And if you did, did you do it? 提问：谢谢。我的问题是——我代表这里所有数学老师提问——你高中一年级时，每天晚上都有数学作业吗？如果有的话，你做了吗？
President Obama: Oh, ah. The answer is yes, and sometimes. But, first of all, let me thank you for being a math teacher, because we need more math teachers. We need more science teachers. We need more teachers generally who are enthusiastic about their work and their jobs. So thanks to all the teachers here. We love teachers. 奥巴马总统：哦，啊。答案是肯定的，有时候。但首先，让我谢谢你当数学老师，因为我们需要更多数学老师。我们需要更多科学老师。我们总体上需要更多对工作和职业充满热情的老师。所以感谢在座所有老师。我们爱老师。
All right. Now, we are actually -- unfortunately, our students are falling behind in math and science, internationally. We used to rank at the top, and now we're sort of in the middle of the pack when it comes to math and science performance. 好了。现在，我们实际上——不幸的是，我们的学生在数学和科学上正在国际落后。我们曾经排名第一，现在在数学和科学表现上处于中游。
This is why one of the things that I've been emphasizing this year -- and this actually hasn't been subject to a lot of controversy; this is an area where we've been able to get good cooperation between Democrats and Republicans -- is promoting math and science education, promoting technology education. The more that we are moving our young people into these areas, the better off this economy is going to be, because that means we're producing engineers, we're producing scientists, we're producing computer programmers. 这就是为什么今年我一直强调的事情之一——这实际上没有引起太多争议；这是一个我们能在民主党和共和党之间获得良好合作的领域——是推动数学和科学教育，推动技术教育。我们越把年轻人引入这些领域，这个经济就会越好，因为那意味着我们在培养工程师、在培养科学家、在培养程序员。
So we want to make sure that we are recruiting more math teachers, we're recruiting more science teachers. We want all outstanding teachers to be getting higher pay. We want to make sure that there's constant professional development when it comes to the teaching profession. 所以我们要确保招募更多数学老师，招募更多科学老师。我们希望所有优秀教师获得更高薪酬。我们要确保教学职业有持续的职业发展。
So that if you had the best way of teaching math five years ago, it might not be the best way of teaching math five years from now, and so you should be able to go back and constantly sharpen your skills. 这样，如果你五年前有最好的数学教学法，五年后它可能不是最好的数学教学法了，所以你应该能够回去不断磨砺你的技能。
To the students I want to say this. We're doing a lot of work on education reform. We are doing a lot to bring in new teachers, to improve classrooms, to make sure that they're all connected to the Internet, to make sure that college is more affordable. But let me just say that it won't make any difference if our students aren't working a little bit harder. 对学生们我想说这个。我们在教育改革上做了很多工作。我们做了很多工作引入新教师、改善教室、确保它们都连接互联网、确保大学更可负担。但我只想说，如果我们的学生不更努力一点，这一切都不会有区别。
Now, I'm not saying all of you aren't working hard. I'm sure many of you feel like you are working very, very hard -- because Malia and Sasha always tell me how hard they're working. But I really do think that we're going to have to emphasize in the next decade that we're competing around the world, and America will continue to be number one as long as we are just as hungry as other countries. 现在，我不是说你们所有人都不努力。我相信你们很多人觉得自己工作非常非常努力——因为玛利亚和萨莎总是告诉我她们有多努力。但我确实认为，在未来十年我们必须强调，我们在世界各地竞争，只要我们和其他国家一样渴望，美国就会继续是第一。
So if our kids are spending all their time playing video games, and somebody else's kids are getting the math and science skills to invent video games -- we're not going to be number one. I mean, it's as simple as that. 所以如果我们的孩子把所有时间都花在打电子游戏上，而别人的孩子在获得发明电子游戏的数学和科学技能——我们就不会是第一。我是说，就这么简单。
So the need to turn off the TV, put the video games away, buckle down on your work, making sure that parents are checking their kids' homework and talking to their teachers -- being accountable, being responsible -- that's what's going to make sure that we continue to thrive, we continue to excel into the future. 所以需要关掉电视，收起电子游戏，专心学习，确保家长检查孩子的作业并与老师沟通——负责任、有担当——这将确保我们继续繁荣，继续在未来脱颖而出。
Thank you, Henderson. I had a great time. Bye-bye. 谢谢你们，亨德森。我度过了愉快的时光。再见。