[Delivered in person at the Capitol] [亲自在国会大厦发表]
My countrymen: 同胞们：
This occasion is not alone the administration of the most sacred oath which can be assumed by an American citizen. It is a dedication and consecration under God to the highest office in service of our people. I assume this trust in the humility of knowledge that only through the guidance of Almighty Providence can I hope to discharge its ever-increasing burdens. 今天这个场合不仅仅是一个美国公民所能承担的最神圣誓言的宣誓。这是在上帝面前对服务于我们人民的最高职位的奉献和神圣化。我怀着谦卑之心接受这份信任，深知只有通过全能天意的指引，我才能希望履行其日益沉重的职责。
It is in keeping with tradition throughout our history that I should express simply and directly the opinions which I hold concerning some of the matters of present importance. 按照我们历史的传统，我应该简单直接地表达我对当前一些重要问题的看法。
OUR PROGRESS 我们的进步
If we survey the situation of our Nation both at home and abroad, we find many satisfactions; we find some causes for concern. We have emerged from the losses of the Great War and the reconstruction following it with increased virility and strength. From this strength we have contributed to the recovery and progress of the world. What America has done has given renewed hope and courage to all who have faith in government by the people. In the large view, we have reached a higher degree of comfort and security than ever existed before in the history of the world. Through liberation from widespread poverty we have reached a higher degree of individual freedom than ever before. The devotion to and concern for our institutions are deep and sincere. We are steadily building a new race--a new civilization great in its own attainments. The influence and high purposes of our Nation are respected among the peoples of the world. We aspire to distinction in the world, but to a distinction based upon confidence in our sense of justice as well as our accomplishments within our own borders and in our own lives. For wise guidance in this great period of recovery the Nation is deeply indebted to Calvin Coolidge. 如果我们审视我国在国内外的状况，我们会发现许多令人满意的地方，也会发现一些令人担忧的原因。我们从第一次世界大战的损失和战后重建中崛起，变得更加有活力和强大。凭借这种力量，我们为世界的复苏和进步做出了贡献。 美国所做的一切给所有相信人民自治的人带来了新的希望和勇气。从大的方面来看，我们已经达到了世界历史上前所未有的舒适和安全程度。通过摆脱普遍的贫困，我们获得了比以往任何时候都更高程度的个人自由。 对我们制度的热爱和关心是深刻而真诚的。我们正在稳步建设一个新的民族——一个在自身成就上伟大的新文明。我国的影响力和崇高目标受到世界各国人民的尊重。我们渴望在世界上获得卓越地位，但这种卓越地位应基于对我们正义感的信心，以及我们在自己国界内和自己生活中的成就。在这个伟大的复苏时期，国家深深感谢卡尔文·柯立芝的明智指导。
But all this majestic advance should not obscure the constant dangers from which self-government must be safeguarded. The strong man must at all times be alert to the attack of insidious disease. 但所有这些宏伟的进步不应该掩盖自治政府必须防范的持续危险。强壮的人必须时刻警惕隐疾的侵袭。
THE FAILURE OF OUR SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 我们刑事司法系统的失败
The most malign of all these dangers today is disregard and disobedience of law. Crime is increasing. Confidence in rigid and speedy justice is decreasing. I am not prepared to believe that this indicates any decay in the moral fibre of the American people. I am not prepared to believe that it indicates an impotence of the Federal Government to enforce its laws. 今天所有这些危险中最有害的是对法律的无视和不服从。犯罪正在增加。对严格和迅速正义的信心正在下降。我不准备相信这表明美国人民的道德品质有任何衰退。我不准备相信这表明联邦政府无力执行其法律。
It is only in part due to the additional burdens imposed upon our judicial system by the 18th amendment.1The problem is much wider than that. Many influences had increasingly complicated and weakened our law enforcement organization long before the adoption of the 18th amendment. 这只是部分原因，第十八修正案给我们的司法系统带来了额外的负担。问题远比这更广泛。早在第十八修正案通过之前，许多因素就已经使我们的执法机构日益复杂和削弱。
1 The 18th amendment to the Constitution, ratified January 16, 1919, prohibited "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the transportation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes." 1 宪法第十八修正案于1919年1月16日批准，禁止"在联邦境内制造、销售或运输酒类，或将酒类运入或运出联邦及所有受其管辖的领土用于饮用目的。"
To reestablish the vigor and effectiveness of law enforcement we must critically consider the entire Federal machinery of justice, the redistribution of its functions, the simplification of its procedure, the provision of additional special tribunals, the better selection of juries, and the more effective organization of our agencies of investigation and prosecution that justice may be sure and that it may be swift. While the authority of the Federal Government extends to but part of our vast system of national, State, and local justice, yet the standards which the Federal Government establishes have the most profound influence upon the whole structure. 为了重建执法的活力和效力，我们必须批判性地考虑整个联邦司法机制，重新分配其职能，简化其程序，增设特别法庭，改进陪审团的选择，并更有效地组织我们的调查和起诉机构。 虽然联邦政府的权限只延伸到我们庞大的国家、州和地方司法系统的一部分，但联邦政府确立的标准对整个结构有着最深远的影响。
We are fortunate in the ability and integrity of our Federal judges and attorneys. But the system which these officers are called upon to administer is in many respects ill adapted to present-day conditions. Its intricate and involved rules of procedure have become the refuge of both big and little criminals. There is a belief abroad that by invoking technicalities, subterfuge, and delay, the ends of justice may be thwarted by those who can pay the cost. 我们很幸运拥有有能力且正直的联邦法官和检察官。但这些官员被要求管理的制度在许多方面不适应当今的条件。其复杂繁琐的程序规则已经成为大小罪犯的避难所。 人们普遍认为，通过援引技术细节、诡辩和拖延，有能力支付费用的人可能会阻碍正义的实现。
Reform, reorganization, and strengthening of our whole judicial and enforcement system, both in civil and criminal sides, have been advocated for years by statesmen, judges, and bar associations. First steps toward that end should not longer be delayed. Rigid and expeditious justice is the first safeguard of freedom, the basis of all ordered liberty, the vital force of progress. It must not come to be in our Republic that it can be defeated by the indifference of the citizens, by exploitation of the delays and entanglements of the law, or by combinations of criminals. Justice must not fail because the agencies of enforcement are either delinquent or inefficiently organized. To consider these evils, to find their remedy, is the most sore necessity of our times. 政治家、法官和律师协会多年来一直倡导改革、重组和加强我们整个民事和刑事司法及执法系统。朝着这个目标迈出的第一步不应再拖延。 严格而迅速的正义是自由的第一道保障，是所有有序自由的基础，是进步的生命力。在我们的共和国里，正义绝不能因为公民的冷漠、对法律拖延和纠缠的利用或罪犯的联合而被击败。 正义绝不能因为执法机构失职或组织效率低下而失败。考虑这些弊端并找到补救办法，是我们时代最迫切的需要。
ENFORCEMENT OF THE 18th AMENDMENT 第十八修正案的执行
Of the undoubted abuses which have grown up under the 18th amendment, part are due to the causes I have just mentioned; but part are due to the failure of some States to accept their share of responsibility for concurrent enforcement and to the failure of many State and local officials to accept the obligation under their oath of office zealously to enforce the laws. With the failures from these many causes has come a dangerous expansion in the criminal elements who have found enlarged opportunities in dealing in illegal liquor. 在第十八修正案下无疑产生的种种弊端中，部分是由于我刚才提到的原因；但部分是由于一些州未能承担起共同执行的责任，以及许多州和地方官员未能根据他们的就职誓言积极履行执法义务。 由于这些众多原因造成的失败，犯罪分子危险地扩张了，他们在非法酒类交易中找到了更大的机会。
But a large responsibility rests directly upon our citizens. There would be little traffic in illegal liquor if only criminals patronized it. We must awake to the fact that this patronage from large numbers of law-abiding citizens is supplying the rewards and stimulating crime. 但很大一部分责任直接落在我们公民身上。如果只有罪犯光顾非法酒类，交易就不会有多少。我们必须意识到这样一个事实：大量守法公民的光顾正在提供回报并刺激犯罪。
I have been selected by you to execute and enforce the laws of the country. I propose to do so to the extent of my own abilities, but the measure of success that the Government shall attain will depend upon the moral support which you, as citizens, extend. The duty of citizens to support the laws of the land is coequal with the duty of their Government to enforce the laws which exist. No greater national service can be given by men and women of good will--who, I know, are not unmindful of the responsibilities of citizenship--than that they should, by their example, assist in stamping out crime and outlawry by refusing participation in and condemning all transactions with illegal liquor. Our whole system of self-government will crumble either if officials elect what laws they will enforce or citizens elect what laws they will support. The worst evil of disregard for some law is that it destroys respect for all law. For our citizens to patronize the violation of a particular law on the ground that they are opposed to it is destructive of the very basis of all that protection of life, of homes and property which they rightly claim under other laws. If citizens do not like a law, their duty as honest men and women is to discourage its violation; their right is openly to work for its repeal. 你们选择我来执行和实施国家的法律。我提议尽我所能这样做，但政府将取得的成功程度将取决于你们作为公民所给予的道义支持。公民支持国家法律的责任与政府执行现有法律的责任是同等的。 善良的人们——我知道他们没有忘记公民的责任——所能提供的最伟大的国家服务，莫过于通过拒绝参与和谴责所有非法酒类交易，以他们的榜样协助消灭犯罪和违法行为。 如果官员选择执行哪些法律，或者公民选择支持哪些法律，我们整个自治制度将会崩溃。无视某些法律的最大危害是它会破坏对所有法律的尊重。
To those of criminal mind there can be no appeal but vigorous enforcement of the law. Fortunately they are but a small percentage of our people. Their activities must be stopped. 我们的公民以反对某项法律为由而光顾违反该法律的行为，这破坏了他们在其他法律下正当主张的生命、家庭和财产保护的基础。如果公民不喜欢某项法律，他们作为诚实的人的责任是阻止其被违反；他们的权利是公开努力争取废除它。
A NATIONAL INVESTIGATION 对于那些有犯罪意图的人，除了大力执法之外别无他法。幸运的是，他们只是我们人民中的一小部分。他们的活动必须被制止。
I propose to appoint a national commission for a searching investigation of the whole structure of our Federal system of jurisprudence, to include the method of enforcement of the 18th amendment and the causes of abuse under it. Its purpose will be to make such recommendations for reorganization of the administration of Federal laws and court procedure as may be found desirable. In the meantime it is essential that a large part of the enforcement activities be transferred from the Treasury Department to the Department of Justice as a beginning of more effective organization.2 全国调查 我提议任命一个全国委员会，对我们联邦司法体系的整个结构进行深入调查，包括第十八修正案的执行方法及其产生弊端的原因。其目的是就重组联邦法律的行政管理和法院程序提出可能被认为可取的建议。
2 Although the final sentence of this paragraph was included in the official text printed as Senate Document 1 (71st Cong., special sess.), it was reported in the press that the President omitted the sentence in his delivery of the address. 同时，至关重要的是将大部分执法活动从财政部转移到司法部，作为更有效组织的开始。2
THE RELATION OF GOVERNMENT TO BUSINESS 2 虽然本段最后一句被列入作为参议院文件第1号（第71届国会特别会议）印刷的官方文本，但据报道，总统在发表演讲时省略了这句话。
The election has again confirmed the determination of the American people that regulation of private enterprise and not Government ownership or operation is the course rightly to be pursued in our relation to business. In recent years we have established a differentiation in the whole method of business regulation between the industries which produce and distribute commodities on the one hand and public utilities on the other. In the former, our laws insist upon effective competition; in the latter, because we substantially confer a monopoly by limiting competition, we must regulate their services and rates. The rigid enforcement of the laws applicable to both groups is the very base of equal opportunity and freedom from domination for all our people, and it is just as essential for the stability and prosperity of business itself as for the protection of the public at large. Such regulation should be extended by the Federal Government within the limitations of the Constitution and only when the individual States are without power to protect their citizens through their own authority. On the other hand, we should be fearless when the authority rests only in the Federal Government. 政府与商业的关系 选举再次确认了美国人民的决心：在我们与商业的关系中，正确的道路是监管私营企业，而不是政府拥有或运营。 近年来，我们在整个商业监管方法中确立了一种区分：一方面是生产和分配商品的行业，另一方面是公共事业。在前者中，我们的法律坚持有效竞争；在后者中，因为我们通过限制竞争实质上授予了垄断权，我们必须监管它们的服务和费率。
COOPERATION BY THE GOVERNMENT 严格执行适用于这两类的法律，是我们全体人民平等机会和免受支配的基础，对于商业本身的稳定和繁荣以及对广大公众的保护同样至关重要。
The larger purpose of our economic thought should be to establish more firmly stability and security of business and employment and thereby remove poverty still further from our borders. Our people have in recent years developed a new-found capacity for cooperation among themselves to effect high purposes in public welfare. It is an advance toward the highest conception of self-government. Self-government does not and should not imply the use of political agencies alone. Progress is born of cooperation in the community--not from governmental restraints. The Government should assist and encourage these movements of collective self-help by itself cooperating with them. Business has by cooperation made great progress in the advancement of service, in stability, in regularity of employment, and in the correction of its own abuses. Such progress, however, can continue only so long as business manifests its respect for law. 联邦政府应在宪法限制范围内扩大此类监管，并且仅在个别州无力通过自己的权力保护其公民时才这样做。另一方面，当权力仅属于联邦政府时，我们应该无所畏惧。 政府的合作 我们经济思想的更大目标应该是更牢固地确立商业和就业的稳定性和安全性，从而进一步消除我们境内的贫困。近年来，我们人民发展了一种新的合作能力，以实现公共福利的崇高目标。
There is an equally important field of cooperation by the Federal Government with the multitude of agencies, State, municipal, and private, in the systematic development of those processes which directly affect public health, recreation, education, and the home. We have need further to perfect the means by which Government can be adapted to human service. 这是朝着最高自治理念的进步。自治并不意味着也不应该意味着仅仅使用政治机构。进步源于社区的合作——而不是政府的限制。
Although education is primarily a responsibility of the States and local communities, and rightly so, yet the Nation as a whole is vitally concerned in its development everywhere to the highest standards and to complete universality. Self-government can succeed only through an instructed electorate. Our objective is not simply to overcome illiteracy. The Nation has marched far beyond that. The more complex the problems of the Nation become, the greater is the need for more and more advanced instruction. Moreover, as our numbers increase and as our life expands with science and invention, we must discover more and more leaders for every walk of life. We cannot hope to succeed in directing this increasingly complex civilization unless we can draw all the talent of leadership from the whole people. One civilization after another has been wrecked upon the attempt to secure sufficient leadership from a single group or class. If we would prevent the growth of class distinctions and would constantly refresh our leadership with the ideals of our people, we must draw constantly from the general mass. The full opportunity for every boy and girl to rise through the selective processes of education can alone secure to us this leadership. 政府应该通过自身与这些集体自助运动合作来协助和鼓励它们。商业通过合作在服务改进、稳定性、就业规律性和纠正自身弊端方面取得了巨大进步。然而，只有当商业表现出对法律的尊重时，这种进步才能继续。 联邦政府与众多州、市和私人机构在系统发展直接影响公共卫生、娱乐、教育和家庭的那些进程方面，也有一个同样重要的合作领域。我们需要进一步完善使政府适应人类服务的手段。 虽然教育主要是各州和地方社区的责任，而且理应如此，但整个国家对教育在各地发展到最高标准和实现完全普及至关重要。自治只有通过受过教育的选民才能成功。
PUBLIC HEALTH 我们的目标不仅仅是克服文盲。国家已经远远超越了这一点。国家的问题越复杂，就越需要越来越高级的教育。
In public health the discoveries of science have opened a new era. Many sections of our country and many groups of our citizens suffer from diseases the eradication of which are mere matters of administration and moderate expenditure. Public health service should be as fully organized and as universally incorporated into our governmental system as is public education. The returns are a thousandfold in economic benefits, and infinitely more in reduction of suffering and promotion of human happiness. 此外，随着我们的人数增加，随着科学和发明使我们的生活扩展，我们必须为各行各业发现越来越多的领导者。除非我们能够从全体人民中汲取所有领导才能，否则我们无法希望成功地指导这个日益复杂的文明。 一个又一个文明在试图从单一群体或阶级中获得足够的领导时遭到了破坏。如果我们要防止阶级差异的增长，并不断用我们人民的理想来更新我们的领导层，我们必须不断从广大群众中汲取。只有让每个男孩和女孩通过教育的选拔过程获得充分的机会上升，才能确保我们获得这种领导。
WORLD PEACE 公共卫生
The United States fully accepts the profound truth that our own progress, prosperity, and peace are interlocked with the progress, prosperity, and peace of all humanity. The whole world is at peace. The dangers to a continuation of this peace today are largely the fear and suspicion which still haunt the world. No suspicion or fear can be rightly directed toward our country. 在公共卫生领域，科学的发现开创了一个新时代。我国的许多地区和许多公民群体遭受着一些疾病的困扰，根除这些疾病仅仅是管理和适度支出的问题。
Those who have a true understanding of America know that we have no desire for territorial expansion, for economic or other domination of other peoples. Such purposes are repugnant to our ideals of human freedom. Our form of government is ill adapted to the responsibilities which inevitably follow permanent limitation of the independence of other peoples. Superficial observers seem to find no destiny for our abounding increase in population, in wealth and power except that of imperialism. They fail to see that the American people are engrossed in the building for themselves of a new economic system, a new social system, a new political system--all of which are characterized by aspirations of freedom of opportunity and thereby are the negation of imperialism. They fail to realize that because of our abounding prosperity our youth are pressing more and more into our institutions of learning; that our people are seeking a larger vision through art, literature, science, and travel; that they are moving toward stronger moral and spiritual life--that from these things our sympathies are broadening beyond the bounds of our Nation and race toward their true expression in a real brotherhood of man. They fail to see that the idealism of America will lead it to no narrow or selfish channel, but inspire it to do its full share as a Nation toward the advancement of civilization. It will do that not by mere declaration but by taking a practical part in supporting all useful international undertakings. We not only desire peace with the world, but to see peace maintained throughout the world. We wish to advance the reign of justice and reason toward the extinction of force. 公共卫生服务应该像公共教育一样全面组织并普遍纳入我们的政府体系。其回报在经济效益上千倍增长，在减少痛苦和促进人类幸福方面更是无限倍增。 世界和平 美利坚合众国完全接受这个深刻的真理：我们自己的进步、繁荣和和平与全人类的进步、繁荣和和平相互关联。整个世界处于和平状态。今天威胁这种和平持续的主要是仍然困扰世界的恐惧和猜疑。没有任何猜疑或恐惧可以正确地指向我们的国家。
The recent treaty for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy sets an advanced standard in our conception of the relations of nations. Its acceptance should pave the way to greater limitation of armament, the offer of which we sincerely extend to the world. But its full realization also implies a greater and greater perfection in the instrumentalities for pacific settlement of controversies between nations. In the creation and use of these instrumentalities we should support every sound method of conciliation, arbitration, and judicial settlement. American statesmen were among the first to propose, and they have constantly urged upon the world, the establishment of a tribunal for the settlement of controversies of a justiciable character. The Permanent Court of International Justice in its major purpose is thus peculiarly identified with American ideals and with American statesmanship. No more potent instrumentality for this purpose has ever been conceived and no other is practicable of establishment. The reservations placed upon our adherence should not be misinterpreted. The United States seeks by these reservations no special privilege or advantage but only to clarify our relation to advisory opinions and other matters which are subsidiary to the major purpose of the Court. The way should, and I believe will, be found by which we may take our proper place in a movement so fundamental to the progress of peace. 真正了解美国的人知道，我们没有领土扩张的欲望，没有对其他民族进行经济或其他支配的欲望。这样的目的与我们人类自由的理想背道而驰。我们的政府形式不适合承担永久限制其他民族独立所必然带来的责任。 肤浅的观察家似乎认为，除了帝国主义，我们人口、财富和权力的大量增长没有其他命运。他们看不到美国人民正全神贯注地为自己建设一个新的经济体系、一个新的社会体系、一个新的政治体系——所有这些都以机会自由的愿望为特征，从而否定了帝国主义。 他们没有意识到，由于我们的繁荣昌盛，我们的青年越来越多地进入我们的学习机构；我们的人民正在通过艺术、文学、科学和旅行寻求更广阔的视野；他们正在走向更强的道德和精神生活——从这些事情中，我们的同情心正在超越我们国家和种族的界限，朝着真正的人类兄弟情谊的真实表达而扩展。
Our people have determined that we should make no political engagements such as membership in the League of Nations, which may commit us in advance as a nation to become involved in the settlements of controversies between other countries. They adhere to the belief that the independence of America from such obligations increases its ability and availability for service in all fields of human progress. 他们看不到美国的理想主义不会引导它走向狭隘或自私的道路，而是会激励它作为一个国家在促进文明进步方面尽自己的全部责任。它将不是通过单纯的宣言，而是通过实际参与支持所有有益的国际事业来做到这一点。
I have lately returned from a journey among our sister Republics of the Western Hemisphere.3I have received unbounded hospitality and courtesy as their expression of friendliness to our country. We are held by particular bonds of sympathy and common interest with them. They are each of them building a racial character and a culture which is an impressive contribution to human progress. We wish only for the maintenance of their independence, the growth of their stability and their prosperity. While we have had wars in the Western Hemisphere, yet on the whole the record is in encouraging contrast with that of other parts of the world. Fortunately the New World is largely free from the inheritances of fear and distrust which have so troubled the Old World. We should keep it so. 我们不仅渴望与世界和平相处，而且希望看到和平在整个世界得到维护。我们希望推动正义和理性的统治，走向武力的消亡。 最近签订的放弃战争作为国家政策工具的条约，在我们对国家关系的概念中设定了一个先进标准。接受该条约应该为更大程度的军备限制铺平道路，我们真诚地向世界提出这一建议。 但其充分实现也意味着国家间和平解决争端的手段越来越完善。在创建和使用这些手段时，我们应该支持每一种合理的调解、仲裁和司法解决方法。
3 See Supplement IV of this volume. 美国政治家是最早提议设立一个解决可裁判性质争端的法庭的人之一，并不断向世界敦促。国际常设法院在其主要目的上，因此与美国理想和美国政治家特别契合。从来没有设想过比这更有力的工具，也没有其他可行的建立方式。
It is impossible, my countrymen, to speak of peace without profound emotion. In thousands of homes in America, in millions of homes around the world, there are vacant chairs. It would be a shameful confession of our unworthiness if it should develop that we have abandoned the hope for which all these men died. Surely civilization is old enough, surely mankind is mature enough so that we ought in our own lifetime to find a way to permanent peace. Abroad, to west and east, are nations whose sons mingled their blood with the blood of our sons on the battlefields. Most of these nations have contributed to our race, to our culture, our knowledge, and our progress. From one of them we derive our very language and from many of them much of the genius of our institutions. Their desire for peace is as deep and sincere as our own. 对我们加入所附加的保留不应被误解。美利坚合众国通过这些保留寻求的不是特殊特权或优势，而只是澄清我们与咨询意见和其他附属于法院主要目的的事项的关系。应该而且我相信将会找到一种方式，使我们能够在对和平进步如此基本的运动中占据适当的位置。 我国人民已经决定，我们不应做出任何政治承诺，如加入国际联盟，这可能使我们作为一个国家预先承诺参与其他国家之间争端的解决。他们坚持认为，美国不受此类义务的束缚，增加了其在人类进步所有领域服务的能力和可用性。 我最近从西半球的姐妹共和国之行归来。3我受到了无限的热情款待和礼遇，这是他们对我国友好的表达。我们与他们有着特殊的同情和共同利益的纽带。他们每个人都在建设一种民族性格和文化，这是对人类进步的令人印象深刻的贡献。
Peace can be contributed to by respect for our ability in defense. Peace can be promoted by the limitation of arms and by the creation of the instrumentalities for peaceful settlement of controversies. But it will become a reality only through self-restraint and active effort in friendliness and helpfulness. I covet for this administration a record of having further contributed to advance the cause of peace. 我们只希望维护他们的独立，促进他们的稳定和繁荣。虽然西半球也发生过战争，但总的来说，记录与世界其他地区形成了令人鼓舞的对比。幸运的是，新世界在很大程度上没有旧世界那种困扰已久的恐惧和不信任的遗产。我们应该保持这种状态。
PARTY RESPONSIBILITIES 3 见本卷补编四。
In our form of democracy the expression of the popular will can be effected only through the instrumentality of political parties. We maintain party government not to promote intolerant partisanship but because opportunity must be given for expression of the popular will, and organization provided for the execution of its mandates and for accountability of government to the people. It follows that the government both in the executive and the legislative branches must carry out in good faith the platforms upon which the party was entrusted with power. But the government is that of the whole people; the party is the instrument through which policies are determined and men chosen to bring them into being. The animosities of elections should have no place in our Government for government must concern itself alone with the common weal. 同胞们，谈论和平不可能不带有深厚的情感。在美国的数千个家庭中，在世界各地的数百万个家庭中，都有空椅子。如果我们放弃了所有这些人为之牺牲的希望，那将是对我们不配的可耻承认。 文明肯定已经足够古老，人类肯定已经足够成熟，我们应该在有生之年找到实现永久和平的方法。在国外，无论西方还是东方，都有一些国家，他们的儿子与我们的儿子在战场上鲜血交融。这些国家中的大多数都对我们的民族、我们的文化、我们的知识和我们的进步做出了贡献。 我们的语言来自其中一个国家，我们制度的许多天才之处来自许多国家。他们对和平的渴望与我们一样深厚和真诚。
SPECIAL SESSION OF THE CONGRESS 和平可以通过尊重我们的防御能力来促进。和平可以通过限制军备和创建和平解决争端的手段来推动。但它只有通过自我克制和在友好与帮助方面的积极努力才能成为现实。我渴望本届政府能够留下进一步促进和平事业的记录。
Action upon some of the proposals upon which the Republican Party was returned to power, particularly further agricultural relief and limited changes in the tariff, cannot in justice to our farmers, our labor, and our manufacturers be postponed. I shall therefore request a special session of Congress for the consideration of these two questions. I shall deal with each of them upon the assembly of the Congress. 政党责任
OTHER MANDATES FROM THE ELECTION 在我们的民主形式中，民意的表达只能通过政党的工具性作用来实现。我们维持政党政府不是为了促进不容忍的党派偏见，而是因为必须为表达民意提供机会，并为执行其授权和政府对人民负责提供组织。
It appears to me that the more important further mandates from the recent election were the maintenance of the integrity of the Constitution; the vigorous enforcement of the laws; the continuance of economy in public expenditure; the continued regulation of business to prevent domination in the community; the denial of ownership or operation of business by the Government in competition with its citizens; the avoidance of policies which would involve us in the controversies of foreign nations; the more effective reorganization of the departments of the Federal Government; the expansion of public works; and the promotion of welfare activities affecting education and the home. 因此，行政和立法部门的政府都必须真诚地执行政党被赋予权力时所依据的纲领。但政府是全体人民的政府；政党是确定政策和选择人员来实施政策的工具。选举中的敌意不应在我们的政府中占有一席之地，因为政府必须只关心公共福利。 国会特别会议
These were the more tangible determinations of the election, but beyond them was the confidence and belief of the people that we would not neglect the support of the embedded ideals and aspirations of America. These ideals and aspirations are the touchstones upon which the day-today administration and legislative acts of government must be tested. More than this, the Government must, so far as lies within its proper powers, give leadership to the realization of these ideals and to the fruition of these aspirations. No one can adequately reduce these things of the spirit to phrases or to a catalogue of definitions. We do know what the attainments of these ideals should be: the preservation of self-government and its full foundations in local government; the perfection of justice whether in economic or in social fields; the maintenance of ordered liberty; the denial of domination by any group or class; the building up and preservation of equality of opportunity; the stimulation of initiative and individuality; absolute integrity in public affairs; the choice of officials for fitness to office; the direction of economic progress toward prosperity and the further lessening of poverty; the freedom of public opinion; the sustaining of education and of the advancement of knowledge; the growth of religious spirit and the tolerance of all faiths; the strengthening of the home; the advancement of peace. 共和党重新掌权所依据的一些提议，特别是进一步的农业救济和有限的关税调整，不能为了我们的农民、劳工和制造商的利益而推迟。因此，我将请求召开国会特别会议来审议这两个问题。我将在国会集会时分别处理它们。 选举的其他授权 在我看来，最近选举中更重要的进一步授权是维护宪法的完整性；大力执法；继续节约公共支出；继续监管商业以防止社区中的支配；禁止政府拥有或运营商业与公民竞争；避免会使我们卷入外国争端的政策；更有效地重组联邦政府各部；扩大公共工程；以及促进影响教育和家庭的福利活动。
There is no short road to the realization of these aspirations. Ours is a progressive people, but with a determination that progress must be based upon the foundation of experience. Ill-considered remedies for our faults bring only penalties after them. But if we hold the faith of the men in our mighty past who created these ideals, we shall leave them heightened and strengthened for our children. 这些是选举更具体的决定，但除此之外，人民相信并信任我们不会忽视对美国固有的理想和愿望的支持。这些理想和愿望是衡量政府日常行政和立法行为的试金石。
This is not the time and place for extended discussion. The questions before our country are problems of progress to higher standards; they are not the problems of degeneration. They demand thought and they serve to quicken the conscience and enlist our sense of responsibility for their settlement. And that responsibility rests upon you, my countrymen, as much as upon those of us who have been selected for office. 不仅如此，政府必须在其适当权力范围内，领导实现这些理想和愿望的成果。没有人能够充分地将这些精神层面的东西简化为短语或定义目录。 我们确实知道这些理想的实现应该是什么：维护自治及其在地方政府中的完整基础；完善经济或社会领域的正义；维护有序的自由；拒绝任何群体或阶级的支配；建立和维护机会平等；激励主动性和个性；公共事务中的绝对正直；选择适合职位的官员；引导经济进步走向繁荣并进一步减少贫困；舆论自由；维持教育和知识进步；宗教精神的成长和对所有信仰的宽容；加强家庭；促进和平。
Ours is a land rich in resources, stimulating in its glorious beauty, filled with millions of happy homes, blessed with comfort and opportunity. In no nation are the institutions of progress more advanced. In no nation are the fruits of accomplishment more secure. In no nation is the government more worthy of respect. No country is more loved by its people. I have an abiding faith in their capacity, integrity, and high purpose. I have no fears for the future of our country. It is bright with hope. 实现这些愿望没有捷径。我们是一个进步的民族，但决心进步必须建立在经验的基础之上。对我们的错误考虑不周的补救只会带来惩罚。 但如果我们持有我们伟大过去中创造这些理想的人们的信念，我们将把它们增强并巩固后留给我们的孩子。
In the presence of my countrymen, mindful of the solemnity of this occasion, knowing what the task means and the responsibility which it involves, I beg your tolerance, your aid, and your cooperation. I ask the help of Almighty God in this service to my country to which you have called me. 这不是进行广泛讨论的时候和地点。摆在我们国家面前的问题是向更高标准进步的问题，而不是退化的问题。它们需要思考，并有助于唤醒良知和唤起我们解决它们的责任感。这种责任落在你们身上，我的同胞们，就像落在我们这些被选为官员的人身上一样。