Hello, everybody. So, as all of you know, we're going to Hiroshima tomorrow. And in the interest of getting you all home at a reasonable hour, we're not going to be doing a press conference after, so I thought I'd give you guys a chance to fire off some questions now. 大家好。正如你们所有人所知，我们明天要去广岛。为了让你们能在合理的时间内回家，我们之后不打算举行记者会，所以我想现在给你们一个提问的机会。
Just a quick comment on the G7 meeting so far. It's been extremely productive. I think that one of the benefits of the G7 is that you have likeminded countries who are committed to democracy and free markets, and international law and international norms. And so for us to be able to get together and focus on critical issues that not only affect individual countries but affect the international order I think is vitally important. And we very much appreciate the work that the Japanese and Prime Minister Abe have done in organizing an excellent meeting. 简单谈谈目前为止G7会议的情况。会议非常有成效。我认为G7的好处之一就是，你有一批志同道合的国家，它们致力于民主和自由市场，以及国际法和国际规范。因此，我们能够聚在一起，专注于不仅影响个别国家、而且影响国际秩序的关键问题，我认为这至关重要。我们非常感谢日本和安倍首相为组织这次出色的会议所做的工作。
So far, we've discussed issues of the global economy and the need to continue to accelerate growth, to use all the tools at our disposal to make sure that we're not only putting people back to work but also helping to lift wages and helping to make sure that we can sustain the momentum of the recovery that's taken place in the United States most prominently, but also we're starting to see some progress in Europe. 到目前为止，我们讨论了全球经济问题，以及继续加速增长的必要性，动用我们掌握的所有工具来确保我们不仅让人们重返工作岗位，而且帮助提高工资，并确保我们能够维持复苏的势头——这一复苏在美国最为显著，而欧洲也开始出现一些进展。
The fact that the Greek debt crisis has been resolved for a reasonable length of time I think should help. But we've all got a lot of work to do. And we agreed to continue to focus on making sure that each country, based on its particular needs and capacities, are taking steps to accelerate growth. 希腊债务危机在一段合理时间内得到解决这一事实，我认为应该会有所帮助。但我们都还有很多工作要做。我们同意继续专注于确保每个国家根据其特定需求和能力，采取措施加速增长。
We had a chance to talk about trade -- not only TPP and our involvement in that, but also T-TIP -- and recommitted ourselves to making sure that we try to finish those negotiations before the end of the year, and emphasized the importance of pushing back against either protectionism or competitive currency devaluations, or the kinds of beggar-thy-neighbor strategies that all too often end up leaving everybody worse off. 我们有机会讨论了贸易问题——不仅是跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP）以及我们在其中的参与，还有跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定（T-TIP）——并再次承诺确保我们努力在年底前完成这些谈判，同时强调了抵制保护主义、竞争性货币贬值或那种往往最终让所有人处境更糟的以邻为壑策略的重要性。
We began to touch on some of the key security issues that are important to all of us -- the South China Sea and maritime security. Touched on issues surrounding Ukraine, where we've started to see some progress in negotiations, but we're still seeing too much violence, and we need to get that resolved. And we're going to spend some time this evening tackling some of the other major international hotspots. 我们开始触及一些对我们所有人都很重要的关键安全问题——南中国海和海上安全。谈到了乌克兰问题，那里的谈判已经开始取得一些进展，但我们仍然看到太多暴力，我们需要解决这个问题。今晚我们将花一些时间处理其他一些主要的国际热点问题。
So that gives you an update of where we're at so far. And with that, I'm just going to dive in, and you guys can ask some questions. And we're going to start with Gardiner. 以上就是目前进展的最新情况。接下来，我就直接开始，你们可以提问。我们从加德纳开始。
Question: Mr. President, eleven of your predecessors decided against going to Hiroshima. What do you know that they didn't? What were they worried about that you aren't? 问：总统先生，您的十一任前任都决定不去广岛。您知道哪些他们不知道的事情？他们在担心什么而您不担心？
And just sort of generally on nonproliferation -- because I think that's your focus and that's obviously a priority for you -- how do you communicate risks and concerns about this in a way that would do more to get it resolved? Because it seems to be getting worse. I mean, Americans worry a lot about terrorists with suicide vests, which are unlikely events that can kill dozens. 还有一个关于核不扩散的一般性问题——因为我认为这是您的重点，显然也是您的优先事项——您如何传达这方面的风险和关切，以便更有效地解决问题？因为情况似乎在恶化。我的意思是，美国人非常担心穿自杀背心的恐怖分子，虽然这类事件不太可能发生，但可能造成数十人死亡。
Do they worry enough about the risks of nuclear mishaps or attacks, which are unlikely events that could potentially kill millions instead of dozens? In short, are we paying enough attention to Kim Jong-un and Pakistani tactical nuclear weapons, these sorts of things that you know are going on? 他们对核事故或核攻击的风险是否给予了足够的担忧？这类事件虽然也不太可能发生，但潜在受害者可能是数百万人而非几十人。简而言之，我们对金正恩和巴基斯坦战术核武器以及您知道正在发生的这类事情给予了足够的关注吗？
President Obama: Well, it's a terrific question. First of all, I won't characterize how other Presidents were thinking about these issues. I can tell you how I'm thinking about it, and that is that the dropping of the atomic bomb, the ushering in of nuclear weapons was an inflection point in modern history. It is something that all of us have had to deal with in one way or another. 奥巴马总统：这是一个非常好的问题。首先，我不会描述其他总统是如何思考这些问题的。我可以告诉你们我是如何思考的，那就是，原子弹的投放、核武器的出现是现代历史的一个转折点。这是我们所有人都不得不以这样或那样的方式去面对的事情。
Obviously, it's not as prominent in people's thinking as it was during the Cold War, at a time when our parents or grandparents were huddling under desks in frequent drills. But the backdrop of a nuclear event remains something that I think presses on the back of our imaginations. 显然，它在人们思想中的重要性不如冷战时期——那时候我们的父母或祖父母在频繁的演习中躲在桌子底下。但核事件的背景仍然是我认为压在我们想象深处的东西。
I do think that part of the reason I'm going is because I want to once again underscore the very real risks that are out there and the sense of urgency that we all should have. So it's not only a reminder of the terrible toll of World War II and the death of innocents across continents, but it's also to remind ourselves that the job is not done in reducing conflict, building institutions of peace, and reducing the prospect of nuclear war in the future. 我确实认为我去那里的部分原因是，我想再次强调存在的非常真实的风险以及我们所有人都应有的紧迫感。因此，这不仅是对二战可怕伤亡和各大陆无辜者死亡的提醒，也是提醒我们自己，在减少冲突、建立和平制度以及减少未来核战争前景方面，工作尚未完成。
In some ways, we've seen real progress over the last several years. The Iran nuclear deal is a big piece of business -- because without us having to fire a shot, we were able to persuade a big, sophisticated country that had a well-developed nuclear program not to develop nuclear weapons. The START II Treaty that I negotiated in my first couple years in office with the Russians has reduced our respective stockpiles. The Nuclear Security Summit and all the work that we've done on that score has made it less likely that nuclear materials fall into the hand of terrorists or non-state actors. 在某些方面，过去几年我们看到了真正的进展。伊朗核协议是一件大事——因为我们无需开一枪，就成功说服了一个拥有成熟核计划的大国不发展核武器。我在任最初几年与俄罗斯人谈判达成的《第二阶段削减战略武器条约》（START II）减少了我们各自的核武库。核安全峰会以及我们在这方面所做的所有工作，都降低了核材料落入恐怖分子或非国家行为者手中的可能性。
And although we have not seen the kind of progress that I would have liked to have seen with respect to North Korea, what we have been able to do is mobilize the international community so that their proliferation activities are scrutinized much more carefully, and they have far fewer countries that are tolerant of potential actions by North Korea outside of their own program. 尽管我们在朝鲜问题上没有看到我希望看到的那种进展，但我们已经能够动员国际社会，使其扩散活动受到更仔细的审查，而且容忍朝鲜在其自身计划之外采取潜在行动的国家要少得多。
Having said that, North Korea is a big worry for all of us. They're not at the point right now where they can effectively hit U.S. targets, but each time that they test -- even if those tests fail -- they learn something. And it is clear that ideologically they are still convinced that -- and Kim Jong-un in particular seems to be convinced that his own legitimacy is tied up with developing nuclear weapons. 话虽如此，朝鲜是我们所有人的一大担忧。他们目前还不能有效打击美国目标，但每次他们试验——即使那些试验失败——他们都学到了一些东西。很明显，在意识形态上他们仍然坚信——尤其是金正恩似乎坚信——他自己的合法性与发展核武器息息相关。
You pointed out the continuing tensions that exist in South Asia. That is still a concern. And we know that terrorist organizations would have no compunction about using a weapon of mass destruction if they got their hands on it. 你指出了南亚持续存在的紧张局势。这仍然是一个令人担忧的问题。而且我们知道，恐怖组织如果掌握大规模杀伤性武器，会毫不犹豫地使用它。
So we've got a lot of work to do. I think we've built up an architecture during the course of my presidency that has made a difference, that has focused attention on some key points of vulnerability. But we're not where we need to be yet. And obviously we haven't achieved all the goals that I set when I spoke in Prague at the beginning of my presidency. 所以我们还有很多工作要做。我认为在我任期内，我们已经建立了一个架构，发挥了作用，将注意力集中在一些关键的薄弱环节上。但我们还没有达到需要达到的地步。显然，我们还没有实现我在总统任期之初在布拉格发表演讲时设定的所有目标。
Of course, I noted at the time that I didn't expect to be able to achieve all those goals during the course of my presidency or even in my lifetime. And this is going to be an ongoing task, but it's one that I think we have to be paying a lot of attention to. 当然，我当时就指出，我并不期望能够在我任期内甚至我有生之年实现所有这些目标。这将是一项持续的任务，但我认为我们必须高度重视这项任务。
Question: One follow-up. Mr. Kerry, your Secretary of State, called the North Korean nuclear program the biggest threat in the world right now -- the gravest threat. Do you agree with that? Do you see this nuclear program as the worst thing going on? 问：一个追问。克里国务卿，您的国务卿，称朝鲜核计划是目前世界上最大的威胁——最严重的威胁。您同意这种说法吗？您认为这个核计划是当前最糟糕的事情吗？
President Obama: Well, it is not the thing necessarily that poses the most immediate risk. Obviously, ISIL using rifles and crude bombs can kill a lot of people in a Paris or a Brussels. And people are rightly insistent that the world community stamp out ISIL. So there's a reason why we are focused on that. 奥巴马总统：嗯，它不一定是最直接的风险。显然，伊斯兰国使用步枪和土制炸弹可以在巴黎或布鲁塞尔造成大量人员死亡。人们正确地坚持要求国际社会消灭伊斯兰国。所以我们专注于此是有原因的。
But this is not a situation where we can afford to just focus on the short term. Over the long term, when you have such an unstable regime that is so isolated, that generally flouts international norms and rules more than perhaps any other nation on Earth, that is also devoting enormous national resources hell-bent on getting nuclear weapons that they can fire long distances -- that poses the kind of medium-term threat that we have to pay a lot of attention to. 但我们不能只关注短期。从长远来看，当你有这样一个不稳定的政权，它如此孤立，比地球上任何其他国家都更无视国际规范和规则，同时还投入巨大的国家资源，不顾一切地获取能够远距离发射的核武器——这构成了一种我们必须高度重视的中期威胁。
And I assure you it's something that my administration has paid a lot of attention to. It's something that I think has been at the center of the trilateral work that we've done with our close allies in the region. It's something that we've put at the center of our discussions and negotiations with China. 我向你保证，这是我的政府一直高度关注的事情。我认为这一直是我们与该地区亲密盟友进行三方合作的核心。这也是我们与中国讨论和谈判的中心议题。
And as I said before, what we've seen actually is improved responses from countries like China, countries in the region, like Vietnam and Burma taking these issues much more seriously because of our engagement. And so that may reduce the risks of North Korea selling weapons or fissile material to other countries, or putting it out on the black market. 正如我之前所说，我们实际看到的是，中国等国家、越南和缅甸等地区国家的应对有所改善，由于我们的参与，它们更加认真地对待这些问题。因此，这可能会降低朝鲜向其他国家出售武器或裂变材料，或将其投入黑市的风险。
But it does not, so far at least, solve the core problem of North Korea continuing to develop its program. And we're going to have to continue to work in a concerted way. 但至少到目前为止，这并没有解决朝鲜继续发展其计划的核心问题。我们将不得不继续齐心协力地工作。
In the meantime, I've been working with the Pentagon for several years now on making sure that we can develop the kinds of defense architecture that can protect the United States and our allies from an unexpected escalation. 与此同时，我几年来一直在与五角大楼合作，确保我们能够发展那种防御架构，以保护美国和我们的盟友免受意外升级的影响。
Carol. Question: Thank you. You've said before that when you talk to world leaders, they often ask you about the presidential election. Can you give us a sense of the conversations that you've had so far -- what they're saying to you, what you're saying to them -- particularly now that Donald Trump is the nominee, and he recently said that Japan should pay for the U.S. troop presence? 卡罗尔。问：谢谢。您之前说过，当您与世界领导人交谈时，他们经常问您关于总统选举的问题。您能告诉我们到目前为止你们的对话情况吗——他们对您说了什么，您对他们说了什么——尤其是现在唐纳德·特朗普已经成为推定提名人，而他最近表示日本应该为美军的存在买单？
But also, on the Democratic side, what they're saying about that and what you think of that, because it's obviously continuing to be divisive with Bernie Sanders saying he would take it to the convention. And he's endorsed your Democratic Party chair, her primary opponent. Should he change course? Have you decided that you're just not going to get involved until one of them concedes to the other? 另外，在民主党方面，他们对此怎么看，您怎么看？因为这显然仍在造成分歧——伯尼·桑德斯表示他将把竞争带到全国代表大会。而且他还支持了您民主党主席的初选对手。他应该改变方向吗？您是否已经决定，在其中一人向另一人认输之前，您不会介入？
President Obama: Well, look, the world pays attention to the U.S. elections. They pay more attention to our elections sometimes than we pay to theirs, because the United States is, as I've said before, at the heart of the international order. And even those countries that are critical of us, even those countries that complain or question particular policy decisions that we make know that ultimately things don't hold together so well if the United States is not making good decisions, and count on us to provide a certain level of stability and direction in meeting global challenges. 奥巴马总统：嗯，你看，世界关注美国大选。他们有时比我们关注他们的选举更关注我们的选举，因为正如我之前所说，美国处于国际秩序的核心。即使是那些批评我们的国家，即使是那些抱怨或质疑我们做出的特定政策决定的国家，也知道如果美国不做出正确的决定，事情最终不会那么顺利，他们指望我们在应对全球挑战方面提供一定程度的稳定和方向。
So they are paying very close attention to this election. I think it's fair to say that they are surprised by the Republican nominee. They are not sure how seriously to take some of his pronouncements. But they're rattled by him -- and for good reason -- because a lot of the proposals that he's made display either ignorance of world affairs, or a cavalier attitude, or an interest in getting tweets and headlines instead of actually thinking through what it is that is required to keep America safe and secure and prosperous, and what's required to keep the world on an even keel. 所以他们非常密切地关注这次选举。我认为可以公平地说，他们对共和党提名人感到惊讶。他们不确定该如何认真对待他的一些声明。但他们被他搅得不安——这是有充分理由的——因为他提出的许多建议要么显示出对国际事务的无知，要么是一种漫不经心的态度，要么是只想获得推文和头条新闻，而不是真正思考需要什么来维护美国的安全和繁荣，以及需要什么来保持世界的稳定。
With respect to the Democratic primary process, as I've said before, it's been my view to let this play out, let voters make up their minds. And during primaries, people get a little grumpy with each other. It's just the nature of the process. You start off and everybody is thinking, oh, this is fine, this is going to be a friendly competition, we're going to debate ideas. 关于民主党初选进程，正如我之前所说，我的观点是让它自然发展，让选民自己做决定。在初选期间，人们会对彼此有点脾气。这就是进程的性质。一开始每个人都在想，哦，这很好，这将是一场友好的竞争，我们将辩论各种理念。
And somebody says one thing and then another person says another thing, and that felt a little sharper than I expected, and somebody's supporter pops off. And there's a certain buildup of aggravation. We saw that in my lengthy primary in 2008. This is no different. 然后有人说了一件事，另一个人说了另一件事，感觉比我预期的要尖锐一些，然后某位候选人的支持者又冒出来说些什么。不满情绪会逐渐积累。我们在2008年那场漫长的初选中就看到了这种情况。这次也不例外。
But what I think is really important to remember is that, unlike what you've seen in the Democratic or in Republican primary, for the most part there's not that big a difference ideologically in terms of the issues. Both Hillary and Bernie believe that every American should have health care. Both of them think that we've got to make college more affordable. Both of them believe that it's important for us to have a tax system that is fair, and that we should be closing corporate loopholes in order to pay for things like infrastructure investment and early childhood education. 但我认为真正重要的是要记住，与你在共和党初选中看到的情况不同，民主党初选在大多数情况下，在理念问题上并没有那么大的分歧。希拉里和伯尼都认为每个美国人都应该享有医疗保健。他们都认为我们必须让大学教育更负担得起。他们都认为我们有一个公平的税收制度很重要，我们应该堵塞企业漏洞，以便为基础设施投资和幼儿教育等事情提供资金。
I mean, if you put their proposals side by side, they're all pointing in the same direction, and the differences are primarily tactical. They have to do with how do you get some of this stuff done. So that doesn't mean that those aren't serious questions to ask and debate. It does mean, though, that once the primary process is resolved, the ability for us to pull together around a common vision that is in sharp contrast to the vision that's being offered on the other side I think is one that will get done by the time of the convention. 我的意思是，如果你把他们的提案并排放在一起，它们都指向同一个方向，差异主要是战术层面的。它们与如何实现其中一些事情有关。所以这并不意味着这些不是需要提出和辩论的严肃问题。但这确实意味着，一旦初选进程得到解决，我们就能够围绕一个共同愿景团结起来——这一愿景与另一方提出的愿景形成鲜明对比——我认为到大会召开时，这一点会实现的。
I would urge -- and have urged -- both sides to try to stick to the issues, because a lot of that grumpiness arises where folks feel as if we're not talking about an issue but we're talking about personalities and character. And they're both good people. I know them both well. And I think that it's important for us to try to end this in a way that leaves both sides feeling proud of what they've done. And both sides have run serious, competitive races, and debated issues in a serious way. So I'm proud of Democrats for doing that. 我会敦促——并且已经敦促——双方都努力坚持讨论问题，因为很多脾气的产生是因为人们觉得我们不是在讨论问题，而是在讨论个性和品格。他们都是好人。我对他们俩都很了解。我认为对我们来说，重要的是要努力以让双方都为自己所做的事情感到自豪的方式结束这场竞争。双方都进行了认真、有竞争力的竞选，并以严肃的方式辩论了问题。因此，我为民主党人这样做感到自豪。
And, Carol, as you know -- I sure know, because I've been through this a bunch of times -- there is just the natural impulse when you're having to report every day on campaigns that every little blip, speed bump, conflict, trash-talking that takes place is elevated -- not to mention polls. And the one thing I've learned after being around for a while is that kind of day-to-day choppiness is not indicative of longer-term trends. 而且，卡罗尔，正如你所知——我当然知道，因为我经历过很多次——当你每天都要报道竞选活动时，自然会有一种冲动，就是把每一个小插曲、减速带、冲突、骂战都放大——更不用说民调了。
I feel confident about the Democratic vision for the country, and I feel confident about our ability not just to win elections but, more importantly, to deliver on behalf of the American people and the issues they care about. 我在这一行待了一段时间后学到的一件事是，那种日复一日的波动并不代表长期趋势。我对民主党对国家的愿景充满信心，我对我们不仅赢得选举的能力充满信心，更重要的是，对我们为美国人民及其关心的问题服务的能力充满信心。
Question: Does this going until the end of July make it harder to defeat Mr. Trump? 问：这种持续到七月底的情况会让击败特朗普先生变得更难吗？
President Obama: No. Look, would it be nice if everybody was immediately unified and singing "Kumbaya," and whoever the nominee ended up being could just take a nice two-week vacation to recharge? Absolutely. I guarantee you that the eventual nominee sure wishes it was over now, because this is a grind. It's hard. 奥巴马总统：不会。你看，如果每个人能立即团结起来，高唱"库姆巴雅"（一首传统黑人灵歌，象征团结和谐），而最终的提名人可以好好度两周假来充电，那岂不是很好？当然。我向你保证，最终的提名人肯定希望现在就结束，因为这是一场煎熬。很难。
And in some ways, one of the things I've always found is that it's a lot more draining arguing against your friends than it is arguing against your political opponents. It just -- it weighs on you more. Being criticized by folks who are in your own party always hurts just a little bit more. 在某些方面，我一直发现的一件事是，与你的朋友争论比与你的政治对手争论要耗费更多精力。只是——它让你更感沉重。被自己党内的人批评总是更伤人一点。
And so it takes a little energy out of you. But these are folks who are serious about trying to solve the country's problems. They're both veterans of the political grind. And so they're going to hold up. And by the time we get to the convention, I'm confident they'll be in good shape. 所以这会消耗你一些精力。但这些人都是认真对待解决国家问题的。他们都是政治磨砺的老手。所以他们会挺过去的。到大会召开时，我相信他们会处于良好状态。
As a special bonus, I'm going to take one more question. Go ahead. Question: Thank you, Mr. President. You mentioned some tactical differences between the two Democratic candidates. But when you hear Bernie Sanders speak, it seems like he's talking more about the issue of trustability and the need for a political revolution. 作为特别奖励，我再回答一个问题。来吧。问：谢谢您，总统先生。您提到了两位民主党候选人之间的一些战术差异。但当您听到伯尼·桑德斯的演讲时，他似乎更多地在谈论可信度问题以及进行政治革命的必要性。
And just yesterday we saw that the State Department's inspector general put out a report about Secretary Clinton's emails, and it basically undermined some of what she said about her email practices. I'm wondering if you think that undermines her trustworthiness with the American people, and if you agree with Bernie Sanders that she should release the transcripts of her highly paid speeches to Wall Street. 就在昨天，我们看到国务院监察长发布了一份关于克林顿国务卿邮件的报告，基本上否定了她关于邮件做法的一些说法。我想知道您是否认为这损害了她在美国人民中的可信度，以及您是否同意伯尼·桑德斯的观点，即她应该公布其报酬丰厚的华尔街演讲的文字记录。
President Obama: Okay. You know what, I take it back. I'm not taking another question. We're in Japan. Don't we have something on Asia that we want to talk about? I'll be talking about this in Washington the whole time. 奥巴马总统：好吧。你知道吗，我收回刚才的话。我不回答更多问题了。我们在日本呢。难道我们没有什么亚洲话题要谈吗？我回到华盛顿会一直讨论这些的。
Look, I've already said a lot about those issues. I think those are better directed to the campaign. As I said before, during the course of a primary people say what they think might help them get some votes. And once the campaign is over, then they move on, and they make an assessment in terms of how they can make sure that the vision they care most deeply about has the best chance of passing a Congress and getting signed by a President, and that Supreme Court nominees are confirmed, and all the things that make for a functioning, effective government. 听着，关于这些问题我已经说了很多。我认为这些问题最好向竞选团队提出。正如我之前所说，在初选过程中，人们会说他们认为可能有助于获得选票的话。一旦竞选结束，他们就会继续前进，并评估如何确保他们最深切关心的愿景最有可能在国会获得通过、由总统签署，以及最高法院提名人获得确认，以及所有造就一个运转良好、有效政府的事情。
So I think that the noise that is going on back and forth between the candidates at this point, if you want insights into how they're thinking about it, those should be directed to them. 所以我认为，目前候选人之间来回的这些噪音，如果你想了解他们对此的想法，应该直接问他们。
I'll take -- 我来——
Question: Can I have another question? 问：我能再问一个问题吗？
President Obama: You've already had a question, so if I'm going to ask another question I think it's fair to give it to -- 奥巴马总统：你已经问过一个问题了，所以如果我要再请一个人提问，我觉得公平起见应该给——
Question: That's true. 问：有道理。
Question: Can I ask you your thinking on the new Taliban leader and how that affects prospects for peace in the region? 问：我能问一下您对塔利班新领导人的看法吗？这对该地区的和平前景有何影响？
President Obama: Well, as I was saying to my team, I wasn't expecting a liberal democrat to be the newly appointed leader of the Taliban. So this continues to be an organization that sees violence as a strategy for obtaining its goals and moving its agenda forward in Afghanistan. We have a democratically elected government in Afghanistan that we're supporting, and our goal right now is to make sure that that constitution and that democratic process is upheld -- 奥巴马总统：嗯，正如我对我的团队所说的，我没料到会有一个自由派民主党人成为塔利班新任命的领导人。所以这个组织仍然将暴力视为实现其目标和推进其在阿富汗议程的策略。我们在阿富汗支持一个民选政府，我们目前的目标是确保宪法和民主进程得到维护——
not to mention that we're able to maintain the counterterrorism platforms that we need in that region so that al Qaeda and now ISIL are not able to take root and use that as bases to attack us in the United States. 更不用说我们能够维持在该地区需要的反恐平台，这样基地组织以及现在的伊斯兰国就无法扎根并将其用作袭击美国的基地。
My hope -- although not my expectation -- is that there comes a point at which the Taliban recognizes that they are not going to simply be able to overrun the country and that what they need to be doing is to enter into serious reconciliation talks that are led by Afghans. And I think if that happens, that's something that the United States and others in the world community would support. But I am doubtful that that will be happening anytime soon. And we'll have to wait and see how those things develop. 我的希望——尽管不是我的期望——是有一天塔利班认识到他们不可能简单地占领这个国家，他们需要做的是参与由阿富汗人主导的认真和解谈判。我认为如果发生这种情况，美国和国际社会其他国家都会支持。但我怀疑这不会很快发生。我们将不得不拭目以待这些事情如何发展。
In the short term, we anticipate that the Taliban will continue to pursue an agenda of violence and VBEDS and blowing up innocent people, and the kinds of actions that have characterized their approach over the last 15, 20 years. But I do think that there will come a point, perhaps not this year, next year, but eventually, where there are those within the community that surrounds the Taliban, at least, that recognize their goals are best achieved by negotiations. 短期内，我们预计塔利班将继续推行暴力和汽车炸弹爆炸以及滥杀无辜的议程，以及过去15、20年来其做法特征的各类行动。但我确实认为，总有一天——也许不是今年，也许是明年，但最终——至少在塔利班周边的社群中，会有人认识到他们的目标最好通过谈判实现。
Okay? Question: And on the Vietnamese activists that were banned from the meeting -- 好吗？问：还有关于被禁止参加会议的越南活动人士的问题——
Question: Right, is that embarrassing that they couldn't -- 问：对，他们不能——这难道不尴尬吗？
President Obama: To me, or to them? Why is it embarrassing to me? 奥巴马总统：是对我而言，还是对他们而言？为什么这对我来说很尴尬？
Question: Well, because you invited these people and they didn't show up. 问：嗯，因为您邀请了这些人，而他们没有来。
President Obama: Well, I wasn't the one who held them up. Look, I was very blunt with the Vietnamese government. There is so much good going on in that country, and what I indicated to them is that these kinds of heavy-handed actions end up being entirely counterproductive. And the folks we invited, including those who were there, are people that are prepared to have a constructive conversation with the government about how to advance peace and prosperity, and economic development, and environmental security in that country. 奥巴马总统：嗯，阻止他们的人不是我。你看，我对越南政府非常坦率。那个国家有这么多好事情在发生，我向他们表明的是，这些高压手段最终会完全适得其反。我们邀请的人，包括那些到场的人，都是准备与政府就如何推进该国的和平与繁荣、经济发展和环境安全进行建设性对话的人。
And my general message, as you heard at the youth town hall meeting, is harness that talent. Let them loose to create startups and to solve problems, and engage them. It's the same message I had with Cuba. It's the same message that I had in a wide range of countries where you still are seeing serious problems with human rights. 我的总体信息，正如你在青年市政厅会议上听到的，是发挥人才的作用。让他们自由地创建初创企业、解决问题，并与他们接触。这和我对古巴的信息是一样的。这和我对许多仍存在严重人权问题的国家的信息是一样的。
The one thing I'm absolutely convinced of, though, is, is that by us engaging, by us meeting with civil society activists, it helps move the ball, it moves the needle. It doesn't solve these problems immediately. Right now Burma/Myanmar is undergoing this democratic transformation, in part because of the process that we helped to spearhead. They are going through revolutionary changes over the last several years. 不过，我绝对确信的一件事是，通过我们的接触，通过我们与公民社会活动人士的会面，这有助于推动进展，推动变革。它不会立即解决这些问题。现在缅甸/缅甸正在经历这场民主转型，部分原因是我们帮助推动的进程。他们在过去几年中经历了革命性的变革。
But I guarantee you that there's still some human rights activists inside of Burma/Myanmar who are being harassed, are not able to speak freely, are not able to assemble the way we would expect them to be able to do in our own country. 但我向你保证，在缅甸/缅甸国内，仍然有一些人权活动人士受到骚扰，无法自由发言，无法按照我们期望在自己国家能够做到的方式集会。
When I went to Cuba and I met with those dissidents, one of the individuals who was there still had cuts in his wrists from handcuffs because he had been detained just the day before. I didn't come out of that meeting thinking the problems of human rights in Cuba are solved. But what I'm pretty darn sure of is, is that by us meeting with them, by us shining a spotlight on their stories, 当我去古巴会见那些持不同政见者时，其中一个在场的人手腕上还有手铐的伤痕，因为他前一天刚被拘留过。我走出那次会议时并不认为古巴的人权问题已经解决。但我非常确定的是，通过我们与他们会面，通过我们聚焦他们的故事，
by us indicating not that we were going to dictate how these societies develop, but that we do think there are certain universal values that we care deeply about and that we're going to stand with -- that that helps. 通过我们表明不是我们要支配这些社会如何发展，而是我们确实认为有某些我们深切关心的普世价值观，并且我们将坚定支持——这确实有帮助。
And that, I think, is the biggest lesson over the course of the seven years as we've been engaging some of these countries with serious human rights problems. The expectation that I think sometimes we've had that if we just stand back and scold, that somehow that's going to change these internal dynamics has proven to be less effective than us engaging. 我认为这就是七年来我们与一些存在严重人权问题的国家接触过程中最大的教训。我认为有时我们抱有的期望——即只要我们站在一边指责，就能以某种方式改变这些内部动态——已被证明不如我们接触有效。
Indicating to governments that we're prepared to work with them, but that they need to make progress, and continually trying to lift up the actions of these civil society leaders in a way that provides them a little bit more space, and that space slowly grows and it ends up being a process -- and it's not always a process that travels in a straight line. Sometimes you take two steps forward, you take a step back. Sometimes you start seeing openings in some of these societies, and then governments get nervous and they clamp back down. 向各国政府表明我们准备与他们合作，但他们需要取得进展，并不断努力提升这些公民社会领袖的行动，为他们提供多一点空间，而空间会慢慢扩大，最终成为一个进程——而且这个进程并不总是直线前进的。有时你前进两步，后退一步。有时你开始看到其中一些社会的开放，然后政府变得紧张并重新收紧。
But that steady pressure, combined with an appreciation of the history of these countries, combined with a willingness to listen, combined with an ability to mobilize the international community so that we're not thinking that we're doing this all by ourselves -- over time, we've seen results. More modest than I would hope, but that's true of pretty much everything about foreign policy and domestic policy and the human condition. 但这种持续的压力，加上对这些国家历史的理解，加上倾听的意愿，加上动员国际社会的能力，这样我们就不会认为我们独自在做这一切——随着时间的推移，我们已经看到了成果。比我希望的要温和一些，但这在外交政策、国内政策和人类境况的几乎所有事情上都是如此。
All right? 好吗？
Question: Speaking of -- 问：说到——
President Obama: Okay, guys. I gave you a couple -- I already gave you bonuses. I gave you a bunch of bonuses. Thank you, guys. 奥巴马总统：好了，各位。我已经给了你们几个——我已经给了你们额外的奖励。我给了你们很多额外的奖励。谢谢大家。