Good afternoon, everybody. Before I take your questions, I want to update the American people on the status of the BP oil spill -- a catastrophe that is causing tremendous hardship in the Gulf Coast, damaging a precious ecosystem, and one that led to the death of 11 workers who lost their lives in the initial explosion. 下午好，各位。在我接受你们的提问之前，我想向美国人民通报BP石油泄漏事件的最新进展——这场灾难正在墨西哥湾沿岸造成巨大的困难，破坏着珍贵的生态系统，并导致11名工人在最初的爆炸中丧生。
Yesterday, the federal government gave BP approval to move forward with a procedure known as a "top kill" to try to stop the leak. This involves plugging the well with densely packed mud to prevent any more oil from escaping. And given the complexity of this procedure and the depth of the leak, this procedure offers no guarantee of success. But we're exploring any reasonable strategies to try and save the Gulf from a spill that may otherwise last until the relief wells are finished -- and that's a process that could take months. 昨天，联邦政府批准BP推进一项被称为"顶部压井"的程序，试图阻止泄漏。这包括用致密的泥浆封堵油井，以防止更多石油外泄。鉴于这一程序的复杂性和泄漏的深度，该程序无法保证成功。但我们正在探索一切合理的策略，试图将墨西哥湾从这场可能持续到减压井完成的泄漏中拯救出来——而那是一个可能需要数月的过程。
The American people should know that from the moment this disaster began, the federal government has been in charge of the response effort. As far as I'm concerned, BP is responsible for this horrific disaster, and we will hold them fully accountable on behalf of the United States as well as the people and communities victimized by this tragedy. We will demand that they pay every dime they owe for the damage they've done and the painful losses that they've caused. 美国人民应该知道，从这场灾难发生的那一刻起，联邦政府就一直负责应对工作。就我而言，BP对这场可怕的灾难负有责任，我们将代表美国以及受害于这场悲剧的人民和社区，让他们承担全部责任。我们将要求他们为自己所造成的损害和痛苦损失支付每一分钱。
And we will continue to take full advantage of the unique technology and expertise they have to help stop this leak. 我们将继续充分利用他们拥有的独特技术和专业知识来帮助阻止泄漏。
But make no mistake: BP is operating at our direction. Every key decision and action they take must be approved by us in advance. I've designated Admiral Thad Allen -- who has nearly four decades of experience responding to such disasters -- as the National Incident Commander, and if he orders BP to do something to respond to this disaster, they are legally bound to do it. So, for example, when they said they would drill one relief well to stem this leak we demanded a backup and ordered them to drill two. And they are in the process of drilling two. 但不要弄错：BP是在我们的指导下行动。他们采取的每一个关键决策和行动都必须事先得到我们的批准。我已任命萨德·艾伦上将——他拥有近四十年应对此类灾难的经验——为国家事故指挥官，如果他命令BP采取某些行动来应对这场灾难，他们在法律上有义务照办。因此，举例来说，当他们说将钻一口减压井来遏制泄漏时，我们要求备用并命令他们钻两口。他们目前正在钻探两口减压井。
As we devise strategies to try and stop this leak, we're also relying on the brightest minds and most advanced technology in the world. We're relying on a team of scientists and engineers from our own national laboratories and from many other nations -- a team led by our Energy Secretary and Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Stephen Chu. And we're relying on experts who've actually dealt with oil spills from across the globe, though none this challenging. 在我们制定策略试图阻止泄漏的同时，我们也依赖世界上最聪明的头脑和最先进的技术。我们依赖一支来自我们自己的国家实验室和许多其他国家的科学家和工程师团队——这支团队由我们的能源部长、诺贝尔物理学奖得主朱棣文领导。我们还依赖那些确实处理过全球石油泄漏事件的专家，尽管没有一次像这次这样具有挑战性。
The federal government is also directing the effort to contain and clean up the damage from the spill -- which is now the largest effort of its kind in U.S. history. In this case, the federal, state, and local governments have the resources and expertise to play an even more direct role in the response effort. And I will be discussing this further when I make my second trip to Louisiana tomorrow. 联邦政府还在指导泄漏损害的遏制和清理工作——这是美国历史上同类行动中规模最大的一次。在这种情况下，联邦、州和地方政府拥有资源和专业知识，可以在应对工作中发挥更直接的作用。我明天将第二次前往路易斯安那州时进一步讨论此事。
But so far we have about 20,000 people in the region who are working around the clock to contain and clean up this oil. We have activated about 1,400 members of the National Guard in four states. We have the Coast Guard on site. We have more than 1,300 vessels assisting in the containment and cleanup efforts. We've deployed over 3 million feet of total boom to stop the oil from coming on shore -- and today more than 100,000 feet of boom is being surged to Louisiana parishes that are facing the greatest risk from the oil. 但到目前为止，我们在该地区约有20,000人日夜不停地工作，以遏制和清理这些石油。我们在四个州激活了约1,400名国民警卫队成员。海岸警卫队在现场。我们有超过1,300艘船只协助遏制和清理工作。我们部署了超过300万英尺的围油栏来阻止石油上岸——今天有超过100,000英尺的围油栏正被紧急送往面临石油最大风险的路易斯安那州各教区。
So we'll continue to do whatever is necessary to protect and restore the Gulf Coast. For example, Admiral Allen just announced that we're moving forward with a section of Governor Jindal's barrier island proposal that could help stop oil from coming ashore. It will be built in an area that is most at risk and where the work can be most quickly completed. 因此我们将继续做一切必要的事情来保护和恢复墨西哥湾沿岸。例如，艾伦上将刚刚宣布，我们将推进金达尔州长屏障岛提案中的一部分，这有助于阻止石油上岸。它将建在风险最大的地区，并且可以最快完成。
We're also doing whatever it takes to help the men and women whose livelihoods have been disrupted and even destroyed by this spill -- everyone from fishermen to restaurant and hotel owners. So far the Small Business Administration has approved loans and allowed many small businesses to defer existing loan payments. 我们也在尽一切努力帮助那些生计被这场泄漏扰乱甚至摧毁的男女——从渔民到餐厅和酒店老板。到目前为止，小企业管理局已批准贷款，并允许许多小企业推迟偿还现有贷款。
At our insistence, BP is paying economic injury claims, and we'll make sure that when all is said and done, the victims of this disaster will get the relief that they are owed. We're not going to abandon our fellow citizens. We'll help them recover and we will help them rebuild. 在我们的坚持下，BP正在支付经济损失索赔，我们将确保在一切结束时，这场灾难的受害者将得到他们应得的救济。我们不会抛弃我们的同胞。我们将帮助他们恢复，我们将帮助他们重建。
And in the meantime, I should also say that Americans can help by continuing to visit the communities and beaches of the Gulf Coast. I was talking to the governors just a couple of days ago, and they wanted me to remind everybody that except for three beaches in Louisiana, all of the Gulf's beaches are open. They are safe and they are clean. 与此同时，我还想说，美国人可以通过继续访问墨西哥湾沿岸的社区和海滩来提供帮助。几天前我和各位州长交谈时，他们想让我提醒大家，除了路易斯安那州的三个海滩外，墨西哥湾的所有海滩都是开放的。它们是安全的，也是干净的。
As we continue our response effort, we're also moving quickly on steps to ensure that a catastrophe like this never happens again. I've said before that producing oil here in America is an essential part of our overall energy strategy. But all drilling must be safe. 在我们继续应对工作的同时，我们也在迅速采取步骤，确保此类灾难不再发生。我之前说过，在美国本土生产石油是我们整体能源战略的重要组成部分。但所有钻探都必须是安全的。
In recent months, I've spoken about the dangers of too much -- I've heard people speaking about the dangers of too much government regulation. And I think we can all acknowledge there have been times in history when the government has overreached. But in this instance, the oil industry's cozy and sometimes corrupt relationship with government regulators meant little or no regulation at all. 近几个月来，我谈到了过度的危险——我听到人们谈论过度政府监管的危险。我想我们都可以承认，历史上确实有政府过度干预的时候。但在这种情况下，石油行业与政府监管机构之间亲密且有时腐败的关系意味着几乎没有监管。
When Secretary Salazar took office, he found a Minerals and Management Service that had been plagued by corruption for years -- this was the agency charged with not only providing permits, but also enforcing laws governing oil drilling. And the corruption was underscored by a recent Inspector General's report that covered activity which occurred prior to 2007 -- a report that can only be described as appalling. And Secretary Salazar immediately took steps to clean up that corruption. But this oil spill has made clear that more reforms are needed. 萨拉查部长上任时，他发现矿产资源管理服务局多年来一直饱受腐败之苦——这个机构不仅负责发放许可证，还负责执行有关石油钻探的法律。而这种腐败在最近一份监察长报告中得到了印证，该报告涵盖了2007年之前的活动——一份只能用令人震惊来形容的报告。萨拉查部长立即采取措施清除腐败。但这次石油泄漏表明还需要更多改革。
For years, there has been a scandalously close relationship between oil companies and the agency that regulates them. That's why we've decided to separate the people who permit the drilling from those who regulate and ensure the safety of the drilling. 多年来，石油公司与监管机构之间一直存在着令人愤慨的密切关系。这就是为什么我们决定将发放钻探许可的人员与那些监管和确保钻探安全的人员分开。
I also announced that no new permits for drilling new wells will go forward until a 30-day safety and environmental review was conducted. That review is now complete. Its initial recommendations include aggressive new operating standards and requirements for offshore energy companies, which we will put in place. 我还宣布，在进行30天的安全和环境审查之前，不会发放新的钻探井许可证。该审查现已完成。其初步建议包括针对近海能源公司的积极新运营标准和要求，我们将予以实施。
Additionally, after reading the report's recommendations with Secretary Salazar and other members of my Administration, we're going to be ordering the following actions: First, we will suspend the planned exploration of two locations off the coast of Alaska. Second, we will cancel the pending lease sale in the Gulf of Mexico and the proposed lease sale off the coast of Virginia. 此外，在与萨拉查部长和我政府其他成员一起阅读报告建议后，我们将下令采取以下行动：第一，我们将暂停在阿拉斯加海岸附近两个地点的计划勘探。第二，我们将取消墨西哥湾的待定租约销售以及弗吉尼亚海岸的拟议租约销售。
Third, we will continue the existing moratorium and suspend the issuance of new permits to drill new deepwater wells for six months. And four, we will suspend action on 33 deepwater exploratory wells currently being drilled in the Gulf of Mexico. 第三，我们将继续现有的暂停令，并在六个月内暂停发放新的深水井钻探许可证。第四，我们将暂停目前在墨西哥湾钻探的33口深水勘探井的行动。
What's also been made clear from this disaster is that for years the oil and gas industry has leveraged such power that they have effectively been allowed to regulate themselves. One example: Under current law, the Interior Department has only 30 days to review an exploration plan submitted by an oil company. That leaves no time for the appropriate environmental review. They result is, they are continually waived. 这场灾难还清楚地表明，多年来石油和天然气行业拥有如此大的权力，以至于他们实际上被允许自我监管。一个例子：根据现行法律，内政部只有30天时间审查石油公司提交的勘探计划。这没有留下进行适当环境审查的时间。结果是，这些审查不断被放弃。
And this is just one example of a law that was tailored by the industry to serve their needs instead of the public's. So Congress needs to address these issues as soon as possible, and my Administration will work with them to do so. 这只是行业为满足自身需求而非公众需求量身定制的法律的一个例子。因此，国会需要尽快解决这些问题，我的政府将与他们合作做到这一点。
Still, preventing such a catastrophe in the future will require further study and deeper reform. That's why last Friday, I also signed an executive order establishing the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling. While there are a number of ongoing investigations, including an independent review by the National Academy of Engineering, the purpose of this commission is to consider both the root causes of the disaster and offer options on what safety and environmental precautions are necessary. 尽管如此，未来防止此类灾难还需要进一步的研究和更深入的改革。这就是为什么上周五，我还签署了一项行政命令，成立BP深水地平线石油泄漏和近海钻探国家委员会。虽然有多项调查正在进行中，包括国家工程院的一项独立审查，但该委员会的目的是考虑灾难的根本原因，并就必要的安全和环境预防措施提供选择。
If the laws on our books are inadequate to prevent such a spill, or if we did not enforce those laws, then I want to know. I want to know what worked and what didn't work in our response to the disaster, and where oversight of the oil and gas industry broke down. 如果我们法律上的规定不足以防止此类泄漏，或者我们没有执行这些法律，那么我想知道。我想知道在我们的灾难应对中哪些有效、哪些无效，以及石油和天然气行业的监督在哪里出了问题。
Let me make one final point. More than anything else, this economic and environmental tragedy -- and it's a tragedy -- underscores the urgent need for this nation to develop clean, renewable sources of energy. Doing so will not only reduce threats to our environment, it will create a new, homegrown, American industry that can lead to countless new businesses and new jobs. 让我最后说一点。最重要的是，这场经济和环境悲剧——这确实是一场悲剧——凸显了这个国家发展清洁、可再生能源的迫切需要。这样做不仅会减少对环境的威胁，还将创造一个新的、本土的美国产业，可以带来无数新企业和新就业机会。
We've talked about doing this for decades, and we've made significant strides over the last year when it comes to investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency. The House of Representatives has already passed a bill that would finally jumpstart a permanent transition to a clean energy economy, and there is currently a plan in the Senate -- a plan that was developed with ideas from Democrats and Republicans -- that would achieve the same goal. 我们谈论这件事已经几十年了，在过去一年中，我们在投资可再生能源和能源效率方面取得了重大进展。众议院已经通过了一项法案，将最终启动向清洁能源经济的永久转型，目前参议院也有一项计划——一项由民主党和共和党共同制定的计划——将实现同样的目标。
If nothing else, this disaster should serve as a wake-up call that it's time to move forward on this legislation. It's time to accelerate the competition with countries like China, who have already realized the future lies in renewable energy. And it's time to seize that future ourselves. So I call on Democrats and Republicans in Congress, working with my Administration, to answer this challenge once and for all. 无论如何，这场灾难都应该成为一个警钟，提醒我们是时候推进这项立法了。是时候加速与中国等已经意识到未来在于可再生能源的国家竞争了。是时候我们自己把握那个未来了。因此，我呼吁国会中的民主党和共和党人与我的政府合作，一劳永逸地应对这一挑战。
I'll close by saying this: This oil spill is an unprecedented disaster. The fact that the source of the leak is a mile under the surface, where no human being can go, has made it enormously difficult to stop. But we are relying on every resource and every idea, every expert and every bit of technology, to work to stop it. We will take ideas from anywhere, but we are going to stop it. 最后我想说：这次石油泄漏是一场前所未有的灾难。泄漏源在水下一英里处，没有人能到达那里，这一事实使得阻止泄漏变得极其困难。但我们正在依靠一切资源、一切想法、每位专家和每一项技术来努力阻止它。我们将从任何地方采纳想法，但我们一定会阻止它。
And I know that doesn't lessen the enormous sense of anger and frustration felt by people on the Gulf and so many Americans. Every day I see this leak continue I am angry and frustrated as well. I realize that this entire response effort will continue to be filtered through the typical prism of politics, but that's not what I care about right now. 我知道这并不能减轻墨西哥湾人民和许多美国人的巨大愤怒和挫败感。每天看到泄漏持续，我也感到愤怒和挫败。我意识到整个应对工作将继续通过典型的政治棱镜来审视，但这不是我现在关心的。
What I care about right now is the containment of this disaster and the health and safety and livelihoods of our neighbors in the Gulf Coast. And for as long as it takes, I intend to use the full force of the federal government to protect our fellow citizens and the place where they live. I can assure you of that. 我现在关心的是这场灾难的遏制，以及我们墨西哥湾沿岸邻居的健康、安全和生计。只要需要，我就打算利用联邦政府的全部力量来保护我们的同胞和他们居住的地方。我可以向你们保证这一点。
All right. I'm going to take some questions. I'm going to start with Jennifer Loven. 好的。我要接受一些提问。我先从珍妮弗·洛文开始。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. This is on, right? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。这个开着吗？
President Obama: Yes. 奥巴马总统：是的。
Question: You just said that the federal government is in charge, and officials in your Administration have said this repeatedly. Yet how do you explain that we're more than five weeks into this crisis and that BP is not always doing as you're asking, for example with the type of dispersant that's being used? 提问：您刚才说联邦政府负责，您的政府官员也反复这样说。但您如何解释我们已经进入这场危机五周多了，而BP并不总是按照您的要求行事，例如使用的分散剂类型？
And if I might add one more; to the many people in the Gulf who, as you said, are angry and frustrated and feel somewhat abandoned, what do you say about whether your personal involvement, your personal engagement, has been as much as it should be either privately or publicly? 如果我可以再加一个问题；对于墨西哥湾许多如您所说感到愤怒、挫败和有些被抛弃的人，您对自己个人参与和投入程度是否足够（无论是私下还是公开）有何说法？
President Obama: Well, I'll take the second question first, if you don't mind. The day that the rig collapsed and fell to the bottom of the ocean, I had my team in the Oval Office that first day. Those who think that we were either slow on our response or lacked urgency don't know the facts. This has been our highest priority since this crisis occurred. 奥巴马总统：嗯，如果你不介意的话，我先回答第二个问题。钻井平台坍塌并落入海底的那天，我第一天就在椭圆形办公室召集了我的团队。那些认为我们反应迟缓或缺乏紧迫感的人不了解事实。自这场危机发生以来，这一直是我们最高优先事项。
Personally, I'm briefed every day and have probably had more meetings on this issue than just about any issue since we did our Afghan review. And we understood from day one the potential enormity of this crisis and acted accordingly. So when it comes to the moment this crisis occurred, moving forward, this entire White House and this entire federal government has been singularly focused on how do we stop the leak, and how do we prevent and mitigate the damage to our coastlines. 就我个人而言，我每天都会听取简报，关于这个问题的会议可能比我们进行阿富汗审查以来的任何问题都多。我们从第一天起就了解到了这场危机潜在的严重性，并采取了相应行动。因此，当谈到这场危机发生的那一刻起，整个白宫和整个联邦政府一直专注于如何阻止泄漏，以及如何预防和减轻对我们海岸线的损害。
The challenge we have is that we have not seen a leak like this before, and so people are going to be frustrated until it stops. And I understand that. And if you're living on the coast and you see this sludge coming at you, you are going to be continually upset, and from your perspective, the response is going to be continually inadequate until it actually stops. And that's entirely appropriate and understandable. 我们面临的挑战是，我们以前从未见过这样的泄漏，所以在它停止之前人们会感到沮丧。我理解这一点。如果你住在海岸边，看到这些污泥向你涌来，你会持续感到不安，从你的角度来看，直到泄漏真正停止，应对措施都会持续显得不足。这完全合理且可以理解。
But from Thad Allen, our National Incident Coordinator, through the most junior member of the Coast Guard, or the under-under-under secretary of NOAA, or any of the agencies under my charge, they understand this is the single most important thing that we have to get right. 但从我们的国家事故协调员萨德·艾伦，到海岸警卫队最年轻的成员，或NOAA的副副副部长，或我领导下的任何机构，他们都明白这是我们必须要做对的最重要的事情。
Now, with respect to the relationship between our government and BP, the United States government has always been in charge of making sure that the response is appropriate. BP, under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, is considered the responsible party, which basically means they've got to pay for everything that's done to both stop the leak and mitigate the damage. 现在，关于我们政府与BP之间的关系，美国政府一直负责确保应对措施是适当的。根据1990年《石油污染法》，BP被视为责任方，这基本上意味着他们必须支付为阻止泄漏和减轻损害所做的一切费用。
They do so under our supervision, and any major decision that they make has to be done under the approval of Thad Allen, the National Incident Coordinator. So this notion that somehow the federal government is sitting on the sidelines and for the three or four or five weeks we've just been letting BP make a whole bunch of decisions is simply not true. 他们在我们的监督下这样做，他们做出的任何重大决定都必须得到国家事故协调员萨德·艾伦的批准。因此，那种认为联邦政府坐在一旁、在三、四或五周内任由BP做出一大堆决定的说法根本不是事实。
What is true is that when it comes to stopping the leak down below, the federal government does not possess superior technology to BP. This is something, by the way -- going back to my involvement -- two or three days after this happened, we had a meeting down in the Situation Room in which I specifically asked Bob Gates and Mike Mullen what assets do we have that could potentially help that BP or other oil companies around the world do not have. We do not have superior technology when it comes to dealing with this particular crisis. 事实是，在阻止下方泄漏方面，联邦政府并不拥有比BP更优越的技术。顺便说一下，这涉及到我的参与——这件事发生两三天后，我们在战情室开了一次会，我专门问鲍勃·盖茨和迈克·马伦，我们有哪些资产可能帮助到BP或世界上其他石油公司所没有的。在应对这场特定危机方面，我们没有更优越的技术。
Now, one of the legitimate questions that I think needs to be asked is should the federal government have such capacity. And that's part of what the role of the commission is going to be, is to take a look and say, do we make sure that a consortium of oil companies pay for specifically technology to deal with this kind of incident when it happens. 现在，我认为需要提出的一个合理问题是，联邦政府是否应该拥有这样的能力。这也是委员会职责的一部分，就是要审视并说，我们是否要确保一个石油公司联合体专门为应对此类事件支付技术费用。
Should that response team that's effective be under the direct charge of the United States government or a private entity? But for now, BP has the best technology, along with the other oil companies, when it comes to actually capping the well down there. 那个有效的应对团队是应该由美国政府直接管辖还是由私营实体管辖？但目前，BP与其他石油公司一起，在实际封堵下方油井方面拥有最好的技术。
Now, when it comes to what's happening on the surface, we've been much more involved in the in-situ burns, in the skimming. Those have been happening more or less under our direction, and we feel comfortable about many of the steps that have been taken. 现在，关于水面发生的事情，我们更多参与了就地燃烧和撇油工作。这些工作或多或少是在我们的指导下进行的，我们对已采取的许多措施感到满意。
There have been areas where there have been disagreements, and I'll give you two examples. Initially on this top kill, there were questions in terms of how effective it could be, but also what were the risks involved, because we're operating at such a pressurized level, a mile underwater and in such frigid temperatures, that the reactions of various compounds and various approaches had to be calibrated very carefully. 在某些方面存在分歧，我给你们举两个例子。最初关于顶部压井，在它可能有多大效果方面存在疑问，但也有涉及哪些风险的问题，因为我们在如此高的压力水平下操作，在水下一英里和如此寒冷的温度下，各种化合物和各种方法的反应必须非常仔细地校准。
That's when I sent Steven Chu down, the Secretary of Energy, and he brought together a team, basically a brain trust, of some of the smartest folks we have at the National Labs and in academia to essentially serve as a oversight board with BP engineers and scientists in making calculations about how much mud could you pour down, how fast, without risking potentially the whole thing blowing. 那时我派了能源部长朱棣文下去，他组建了一个团队，基本上是一个智囊团，由我们在国家实验室和学术界最聪明的人组成，基本上作为BP工程师和科学家的监督委员会，计算你可以倒入多少泥浆、速度多快，而不会有整个事情爆炸的风险。
So in that situation you've got the federal government directly overseeing what BP is doing, and Thad Allen is giving authorization when finally we feel comfortable that the risks of attempting a top kill, for example, are sufficiently reduced that it needs to be tried. 所以在那种情况下，联邦政府直接监督BP的工作，而萨德·艾伦在我们最终感到尝试顶部压井等风险已充分降低、需要尝试时给予授权。
I already mentioned a second example, which is they wanted to drill one relief well. The experience has been that when you drill one relief well, potentially you keep on missing the mark. And so it's important to have two to maximize the speed and effectiveness of a relief well. 我已经提到了第二个例子，就是他们想钻一口减压井。经验表明，当你钻一口减压井时，可能会不断偏离目标。因此，重要的是要有两口井，以最大化减压井的速度和有效性。
And right now Thad Allen is down there, because I think he -- it's his view that some of the allocation of boom or other efforts to protect shorelines hasn't been as nimble as it needs to be. And he said so publicly. And so he will be making sure that, in fact, the resources to protect the shorelines are there immediately. 现在萨德·艾伦在那里，因为我认为他——他认为围油栏或其他保护海岸线的努力分配不够灵活。他已经公开表示了这一点。因此，他将确保保护海岸线的资源确实立即到位。
But here's the broad point: There has never been a point during this crisis in which this Administration, up and down up the line, in all these agencies, hasn't, number one, understood this was my top priority -- getting this stopped and then mitigating the damage; and number two, understanding that if BP wasn't doing what our best options were, we were fully empowered and instruct them, to tell them to do something different. 但要点是：在这场危机期间，这个政府从上到下、在所有这些机构中，从来没有一个时刻不明白这是我的最高优先事项——阻止泄漏然后减轻损害；第二，不明白如果BP没有采取我们最佳选项的行动，我们完全有权力指示他们，告诉他们做不同的事情。
And so if you take a look at what's transpired over the last four to five weeks, there may be areas where there have been disagreements, for example, on dispersants, and these are complicated issues. But overall, the decisions that have been made have been reflective of the best science that we've got, the best expert opinion that we have, and have been weighing various risks and various options to allocate our resources in such a way that we can get this fixed as quickly as possible. 因此，如果你看看过去四五周发生的事情，可能存在分歧的领域，例如分散剂，这些都是复杂的问题。但总的来说，所做的决定反映了我们拥有的最佳科学、最佳专家意见，并权衡了各种风险和各种选择，以这种方式分配资源，使我们可以尽快解决这个问题。
Jake Tapper. 杰克·塔珀。
Question: Thanks, Mr. President. You say that everything that could be done is being done, but there are those in the region and those industry experts who say that's not true. Governor Jindal obviously had this proposal for a barrier. They say that if that had been approved when they first asked for it, they would have 10 miles up already. There are fishermen down there who want to work, who want to help, haven't been trained, haven't been told to go do so. 提问：谢谢总统先生。您说能做的都做了，但该地区和行业专家中有人表示并非如此。金达尔州长显然提出了屏障提案。他们说如果第一次请求时就获得批准，现在已经建好了10英里。那里有渔民想工作、想帮忙，但没有接受培训，也没有被告知去做。
There are industry experts who say that they're surprised that tankers haven't been sent out there to vacuum, as was done in '93 outside Saudi Arabia. And then, of course, there's the fact that there are 17 countries that have offered to help and it's only been accepted from two countries, Norway and Mexico. How can you say that everything that can be done is being done with all these experts and all these officials saying that's not true? 有行业专家说，他们惊讶于没有派出油轮去吸油，就像93年在沙特阿拉伯以外所做的那样。当然，还有17个国家提供帮助，但只接受了挪威和墨西哥两个国家的帮助。有这么多专家和官员说并非如此，您怎么能说能做的都做了呢？
President Obama: Well, let me distinguish between -- if the question is, Jake, are we doing everything perfectly out there, then the answer is absolutely not. We can always do better. If the question is, are we, each time there is an idea, evaluating it and making a decision, is this the best option that we have right now, based on how quickly we can stop this leak and how much damage can we mitigate -- then the answer is yes. 奥巴马总统：嗯，让我区分一下——如果问题是，杰克，我们在那里是否一切都做得完美，那么答案绝对不是。我们总是可以做得更好。如果问题是，我们是否每次有想法时都在评估它并做出决定，这是否是我们现在拥有的最佳选择，基于我们能多快阻止泄漏以及能减轻多少损害——那么答案是肯定的。
So let's take the example of Governor Jindal's barrier islands idea. When I met with him when I was down there two weeks ago, I said I will make sure that our team immediately reviews this idea, that the Army Corps of Engineers is looking at the feasibility of it, and if they think -- if they tell me that this is the best approach to dealing with this problem, then we're going to move quickly to execute it. 那么让我们以金达尔州长的屏障岛想法为例。两周前我在那里时与他见面，我说我会确保我们的团队立即审查这个想法，陆军工程兵团正在研究其可行性，如果他们认为——如果他们告诉我这是解决这个问题的最佳方法，那么我们将迅速行动来执行。
If they have a disagreement with Governor Jindal's experts as to whether this would be effective or not, whether it was going to be cost-effective, given the other things that need to be done, then we'll sit down and try to figure that out. 如果他们与金达尔州长的专家就是否有效存在分歧，是否考虑到其他需要做的事情而具有成本效益，那么我们会坐下来试图解决这个问题。
And that essentially is what happened, which is why today you saw an announcement where, from the Army Corps' perspective, there were some areas where this might work, but there are some areas where it would be counter-productive and not a good use of resources. 这基本上就是发生的事情，这就是为什么今天你看到一项公告，从陆军工程兵团的角度来看，有些地方这可能有效，但也有一些地方会适得其反，不是资源的良好利用。
So the point is, on each of these points that you just mentioned, the job of our response team is to say, okay, if 17 countries have offered equipment and help, let's evaluate what they've offered: How fast can it get here? Is it actually going to be redundant, or will it actually add to the overall effort -- because in some cases, more may not actually be better. 因此，关键是，在你刚才提到的每一点上，我们应对团队的工作是说，好的，如果17个国家提供了设备和帮助，让我们评估他们提供了什么：能多快到达？它实际上是多余的，还是会真正增加整体努力——因为在某些情况下，更多并不一定更好。
And decisions have been made based on the best information available that says here's what we need right now. It may be that a week from now or two weeks from now or a month from now the offers from some of those countries might be more effectively utilized. 而且已经基于现有的最佳信息做出了决定，说明这就是我们现在需要的。也许一周后、两周后或一个月后，一些国家提供的帮助可能会得到更有效的利用。
Now, it's going to be entirely possible in a operation this large that mistakes are made, judgments prove to be wrong; that people say in retrospect, you know, if we could have done that or we did that, this might have turned out differently -- although in a lot of cases it may be speculation. 现在，在如此大规模的行动中，完全有可能犯错误，判断被证明是错误的；人们事后会说，如果我们做了那个，这可能会有不同的结果——尽管在很多情况下这可能只是猜测。
But the point that I was addressing from Jennifer was, does this Administration maintain a constant sense of urgency about this, and are we examining every recommendation, every idea that's out there, and making our best judgment as to whether these are the right steps to take, based on the best experts that we know of. And on that answer, the answer is yes -- or on that question, the answer is yes. 但我对珍妮弗问题所要表达的是，这个政府是否对此保持持续的紧迫感，我们是否在审查每一个建议、每一个想法，并根据我们所知的最佳专家意见做出最佳判断，判断这些是否是正确的步骤。关于这一点，答案是肯定的。
Chuck Todd. 查克·托德。
Question: I just want to follow up on the question as it has to do with the relationship between the government and BP. It seems that you've made the case on the technical issues. But onshore, Admiral Allen admitted the other day in a White House briefing that they needed to be pushed harder. Senator Mary Landrieu this morning said it's not clear who's in charge, that the government should be in charge. Why not ask BP to simply step aside on the onshore stuff, make it an entirely government thing? Obviously BP pays for it, but why not ask them to just completely step aside on that front? 提问：我只是想跟进一个关于政府与BP关系的问题。似乎您已经在技术问题上做出了论证。但在岸上，艾伦上将前几天在白宫简报会上承认他们需要被更用力地推动。参议员玛丽·兰德里乌今早说不清楚谁在负责，政府应该负责。为什么不要求BP在岸上事务上完全退出，让它完全成为政府的事情？显然BP支付费用，但为什么在那个方面不要求他们完全退出呢？
And then also, can you respond to all the Katrina comparisons that people are making about this with yourself? 另外，您能回应当人们将此与卡特里娜飓风进行比较时对您自己的看法吗？
President Obama: Well, I'll take your second question first. I'll leave it to you guys to make those comparisons, and make judgments on it, because what I'm spending my time thinking about is how do we solve the problem. And when the problem is solved and people look back and do an assessment of all the various decisions that were made, I think people can make a historical judgment. And I'm confident that people are going to look back and say that this Administration was on top of what was an unprecedented crisis. 奥巴马总统：嗯，我先回答你的第二个问题。我让你们来做那些比较并做出判断，因为我花时间思考的是如何解决问题。当问题解决后，人们回顾并评估所做的各种决定时，我认为人们可以做出历史性判断。我相信人们会回过头来说，这届政府在应对一场前所未有的危机时是尽心尽力的。
In terms of shoreline protection, the way this thing has been set up under the oil spill act of 1990 -- Oil Pollution Act -- is that BP has contracts with a whole bunch of contractors on file in the event that there is an oil spill, and as soon as the Deep Horizon well went down, then their job is to activate those and start paying them. So a big chunk of the 20,000 who are already down there are being paid by BP. 在海岸线保护方面，根据1990年《石油污染法》——石油污染法案——的设置，BP与一大批承包商签有合同，以备发生石油泄漏时使用，深水地平线油井一倒塌，他们的工作就是激活这些合同并开始付款。因此，已经在那里的20,000人中很大一部分是由BP支付工资的。
The Coast Guard's job is to approve and authorize whatever BP is doing. Now, what Admiral Allen said today, and the reason he's down there today, is that if BP's contractors are not moving as nimbly and as effectively as they need to be, then it is already the power of the federal government to redirect those resources. I guess the point being that the Coast Guard and our military are potentially already in charge as long as we've got good information and we are making the right decisions. 海岸警卫队的工作是批准和授权BP所做的一切。现在，艾伦上将今天说的，也是他今天在那里的原因，是如果BP的承包商行动不够灵活有效，联邦政府已经有权力重新分配这些资源。我想说的是，海岸警卫队和我们的军队可能已经负责了，只要我们有好的信息并做出正确的决定。
And if there are mistakes that are being made right now, we've got the power to correct those decisions. We don't have to necessarily reconfigure the setup down there. What we do have to make sure of is, is that on each and every one of the decisions that are being made about what beaches to protect, what's going to happen with these marshes, if we build a barrier island, how is this going to have an impact on the ecology of the area over the long term -- in each of those decisions, we've got to get it right. 如果现在正在犯错误，我们有权力纠正这些决定。我们不一定要重新配置那里的设置。我们必须确保的是，在每一个正在做出的决定上——保护哪些海滩，这些沼泽会怎样，如果我们建屏障岛，长期来看这会对该地区的生态产生什么影响——在每一个这样的决定中，我们都必须做对。
Question: You understand the credibility of BP seems to be so bad -- that there's almost no trust that they're getting -- 提问：您明白BP的信誉似乎已经很差了——几乎得不到任何信任——
President Obama: I understand. And part of the purpose of this press conference is to explain to the folks down in the Gulf that ultimately it is our folks down there who are responsible. If they're not satisfied with something that's happening, then they need to let us know and we will immediately question BP and ask them why isn't X, Y, Z happening. And those skimmers, those boats, that boom, the people who are out there collecting some of the oil that's already hit shore, they can be moved and redirected at any point. 奥巴马总统：我明白。这次新闻发布会的部分目的是向墨西哥湾的人们解释，最终是我们的人员在那里负责。如果他们对正在发生的事情不满意，那么他们需要让我们知道，我们将立即质询BP并问他们为什么不进行X、Y、Z。那些撇油器、船只、围油栏以及在那里收集已经上岸石油的人员，可以随时移动和重新调配。
And so, understandably, people are frustrated, because, look, this is a big mess coming to shore and even if we've got a perfect organizational structure, spots are going to be missed, oil is going to go to places that maybe somebody thinks it could have been prevented from going. 因此，可以理解的是，人们感到沮丧，因为，看，这是一大堆污泥涌向海岸，即使我们有完美的组织结构，也会有遗漏的地方，石油会流到也许有人认为本可以防止它去的地方。
There is going to be damage that is heartbreaking to see. People's livelihoods are going to be affected in painful ways. The best thing for us to do is to make sure that every decision about how we're allocating the resources that we've got is being made based on the best expert advice that's available. 将会有令人心碎的损害。人们的生计将以痛苦的方式受到影响。我们能做的最好的事情是确保关于我们如何分配现有资源的每一个决定都是基于可获得的最佳专家建议做出的。
So I'll take one last stab at this, Chuck. The problem I don't think is that BP is off running around doing whatever it wants and nobody is minding the store. Inevitably in something this big, there are going to be places where things fall short. But I want everybody to understand today that our teams are authorized to direct BP in the same way that they'd be authorized to direct those same teams if they were technically being paid by the federal government. In either circumstance, we've got the authority that we need. We just got to make sure that we're exercising it effectively. 那么我最后再尝试一下，查克。我认为问题不在于BP到处为所欲为而没有人看管。在这么大的事情中，不可避免地会有一些地方做得不够。但我希望今天所有人都明白，我们的团队被授权指导BP，就像如果这些团队技术上由联邦政府支付工资时他们被授权指导一样。在任何一种情况下，我们都拥有所需的权力。我们只需要确保我们有效地行使它。
All right, Steve Thomma. 好的，史蒂夫·托马。
Question: Thank you, sir. On April 21st, Admiral Allen tells us the government started dispatching equipment rapidly to the Gulf, and you just said on day one you recognized the enormity of this situation. Yet here we are 39, 40 days later, you're still having to rush more equipment, more boom. There are still areas of the coast unprotected. Why is it taking so long? And did you really act from day one for a worst-case scenario? 提问：谢谢您，先生。4月21日，艾伦上将告诉我们政府开始迅速向墨西哥湾调拨设备，您刚才也说第一天您就认识到了情况的严重性。然而我们在这里，39、40天后，您仍然不得不加派更多设备、更多围油栏。仍有海岸地区未受保护。为什么花了这么长时间？您真的从第一天起就以最坏情况行事吗？
President Obama: We did. Part of the problem you've got is -- let's take the example of boom. The way the plans have been developed -- and I'm not an expert on this, but this is as it's been explained to me -- pre-deploying boom would have been the right thing to do; making sure that there is boom right there in the region at various spots where you could anticipate, if there was a spill of this size, the boom would be right there ready to grab. 奥巴马总统：我们确实这样做了。你遇到的部分问题是——让我们以围油栏为例。计划的制定方式——我不是这方面的专家，但这是向我解释的——预部署围油栏本应是正确的做法；确保在该地区各个地点就有围油栏，可以预见如果发生这种规模的泄漏，围油栏就在那里随时可用。
Unfortunately, that wasn't always the case. And so this goes back to something that Jake asked earlier. When it comes to the response since the crisis happened, I am very confident that the federal government has acted consistently with a sense of urgency. 不幸的是，情况并非总是如此。这可以追溯到杰克之前问的问题。当谈到危机发生后的应对时，我非常有信心联邦政府以紧迫感采取了一致的行动。
When it comes to prior to this accident happening, I think there was a lack of anticipating what the worst-case scenarios would be. And that's a problem. And part of that problem was lodged in MMS and the way that that agency was structured. That was the agency in charge of providing permitting and making decisions in terms of where drilling could take place, but also in charge of enforcing the safety provisions. And as I indicated before, the IG report, the Inspecter General's report that came out, was scathing in terms of the problems there. 当谈到这起事故发生之前，我认为缺乏对最坏情况将会怎样的预判。这是一个问题。而这个问题的一部分根植于MMS以及该机构的结构方式。那个机构负责发放许可证和决定在哪里可以钻探，但也负责执行安全条款。正如我之前指出的，监察长报告对该机构的问题进行了严厉批评。
And when Ken Salazar came in, he cleaned a lot of that up. But more needed to be done, and more needs to be done, which is part of the reason why he separated out the permitting function from the functions that involve enforcing the various safety regulations. 当肯·萨拉查上任时，他清理了很多问题。但还需要做更多，也需要做更多，这也是他将许可证发放职能与执行各项安全法规的职能分开的部分原因。
But I think on a whole bunch of fronts, you had a complacency when it came to what happens in the worst-case scenario. 但我认为在很多方面，当涉及到最坏情况会发生什么时，存在自满情绪。
I'll give you another example, because this is something that some of you have written about -- the question of how is it that oil companies kept on getting environmental waivers in getting their permits approved. Well, it turns out that the way the process works, first of all, there is a thorough environmental review as to whether a certain portion of the Gulf should be leased or not. That's a thorough-going environmental evaluation. Then the overall lease is broken up into segments for individual leases, and again there's an environmental review that's done. 我再给你们一个例子，因为这是一些你们写过的事情——石油公司如何不断获得环境豁免来批准其许可证的问题。结果是，流程的运作方式是，首先，会对墨西哥湾某个部分是否应该出租进行彻底的环境审查。那是一个彻底的环境评估。然后整个租约被分割成单独的租赁区块，同样会进行环境审查。
But when it comes to a specific company with its exploration plan in that one particular area -- they're going to drill right here in this spot -- Congress mandated that only 30 days could be allocated before a yes or no answer was given. That was by law. So MMS's hands were tied. And as a consequence, what became the habit, predating my Administration, was you just automatically gave the environmental waiver, because you couldn't complete an environmental study in 30 days. 但当涉及到一个特定公司在其勘探计划中在那个特定区域——他们要在这里这个位置钻探——国会规定只能分配30天来给出是或否的答复。那是法律规定的。所以MMS束手无策。因此，在我的政府之前就形成的习惯是，你自动给予环境豁免，因为你无法在30天内完成环境研究。
So what you've got is a whole bunch of aspects to how oversight was exercised in deepwater drilling that were very problematic. And that's why it's so important that this commission moves forward and examines, from soup to nuts, why did this happen; how should this proceed in a safe, effective manner; what's required when it comes to worst-case scenarios to prevent something like this from happening. 所以你们看到的是深水钻探监督方式的很多方面都非常有问题。这就是为什么这个委员会向前推进并从头到尾审查如此重要：为什么会发生这种情况；应如何以安全、有效的方式推进；在涉及最坏情况时需要什么来防止此类事情发生。
I continue to believe that oil production is important, domestic oil production is important. But I also believe we can't do this stuff if we don't have confidence that we can prevent crises like this from happening again. And it's going to take some time for the experts to make those determinations. And as I said, in the meantime, I think it's appropriate that we keep in place the moratorium that I've already issued. 我仍然相信石油生产很重要，国内石油生产很重要。但我也相信，如果我们没有信心能够防止此类危机再次发生，就不能做这些事情。专家做出这些判断需要一些时间。正如我所说，与此同时，我认为保留我已经发布的暂停令是适当的。
Chip Reid. 奇普·里德。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. First of all, Elizabeth Birnbaum resigned today. Did she resign? Was she fired? Was she forced out? And if so, why? And should other heads roll as we go on here? 提问：谢谢总统先生。首先，伊丽莎白·伯恩鲍姆今天辞职了。她是辞职吗？被解雇？被迫离职？如果是这样，为什么？是否应该有更多人被解职？
Secondly, with regard to the Minerals Management Service, Secretary Salazar yesterday basically blamed the Bush Administration for the cozy relationship there, and you seemed to suggest that when you spoke in the Rose Garden a few weeks ago when you said, for too long, a decade or more -- most of those years, of course, the Bush Administration -- there's been a cozy relationship between the oil companies and the federal agency that permits them to drill. 其次，关于矿产资源管理服务局，萨拉查部长昨天基本上将那种亲密关系归咎于布什政府，几周前您在玫瑰园讲话时似乎也暗示了这一点，当时您说，太长时间以来——十多年，当然其中大部分是布什政府时期——石油公司与发放钻探许可的联邦机构之间一直存在亲密关系。
But you knew as soon as you came in, and Secretary Salazar did, about this cozy relationship, but you continued to give permits -- some of them under questionable circumstances. Is it fair to blame the Bush Administration? Don't you deserve some of that? 但您一上任就知道了，萨拉查部长也知道这种亲密关系，但您继续发放许可证——其中一些是在可疑的情况下。将责任归咎于布什政府公平吗？您不应该承担一些责任吗？
President Obama: Well, let me just make the point that I made earlier, which is Salazar came in and started cleaning house, but the culture had not fully changed in MMS. And absolutely I take responsibility for that. There wasn't sufficient urgency in terms of the pace of how those changes needed to take place. 奥巴马总统：嗯，让我再说一下之前说过的观点，萨拉查上任后开始清理门户，但MMS的文化并未完全改变。我绝对对此承担责任。在变革步伐方面没有足够的紧迫感。
There's no evidence that some of the corrupt practices that had taken place earlier took place under the current Administration's watch. But a culture in which oil companies were able to get what they wanted without sufficient oversight and regulation -- that was a real problem. Some of it was constraints of the law, as I just mentioned, but we should have busted through those constraints. 没有证据表明早先发生的一些腐败做法发生在现政府执政期间。但石油公司能够在没有足够监督和监管的情况下得到他们想要的东西的文化——这是一个真正的问题。其中一些是法律的限制，正如我刚才提到的，但我们本应突破这些限制。
Now, with respect to Ms. Birnbaum, I found out about her resignation today. Ken Salazar has been in testimony throughout the day, so I don't know the circumstances in which this occurred. I can tell you what I've said to Ken Salazar, which is that we have to make sure, if we are going forward with domestic oil production, that the federal agency charged with overseeing its safety and security is operating at the highest level. 现在，关于伯恩鲍姆女士，我今天才得知她辞职。肯·萨拉查整天都在作证，所以我不知道这发生的情况。我可以告诉你我对肯·萨拉查说过的话，那就是我们必须确保，如果我们继续进行国内石油生产，负责监督其安全和安全的联邦机构以最高水平运作。
And I want people in there who are operating at the highest level and aren't making excuses when things break down, but are intent on fixing them. And I have confidence that Ken Salazar can do that. 我希望那里的人员以最高水平运作，在出现问题时不是找借口，而是致力于解决问题。我相信肯·萨拉查能做到这一点。
Question: Is his job safe? 提问：他的职位安全吗？
President Obama: Yes. 奥巴马总统：是的。
Julianna [Goldman]. 朱莉安娜[高德曼]。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. We're learning today that the oil has been gushing as much as five times the initial estimates. What does that tell you and the American people about the extent to which BP can be trusted on any of the information that it's providing, whether the events leading up to the spill, any of their information? 提问：谢谢总统先生。我们今天了解到石油涌出的量是最初估计的五倍。这告诉您和美国人民什么，关于BP提供的任何信息——无论是泄漏事件之前的情况还是任何信息——在多大程度上可以被信任？
President Obama: Well, BP's interests are aligned with the public interest to the extent that they want to get this well capped. It's bad for their business. It's bad for their bottom line. They're going to be paying a lot of damages, and we'll be staying on them about that. So I think it's fair to say that they want this thing capped as badly as anybody does and they want to minimize the damage as much as they can. 奥巴马总统：嗯，BP的利益与公众利益是一致的，因为他们想要封堵这口井。这对他们的业务不利，对他们的利润不利。他们将支付大量赔偿金，我们会继续盯着他们。所以我认为可以公平地说，他们和任何人一样渴望封堵这件事，并尽可能减少损害。
I think it is a legitimate concern to question whether BP's interests in being fully forthcoming about the extent of the damage is aligned with the public interest. I mean, their interests may be to minimize the damage, and to the extent that they have better information than anybody else, to not be fully forthcoming. So my attitude is we have to verify whatever it is they say about the damage. 我认为质疑BP在充分披露损害程度方面的利益是否与公众利益一致是合理的担忧。我是说，他们的利益可能是最小化损害，而且由于他们比任何其他人拥有更好的信息，可能不会充分披露。所以我的态度是，我们必须核实他们所说的关于损害的一切。
This is an area, by the way, where I do think our efforts fell short. And I'm not contradicting my prior point that people were working as hard as they could and doing the best that they could on this front. But I do believe that when the initial estimates came that there were -- it was 5,000 barrels spilling into the ocean per day, that was based on satellite imagery and satellite data that would give a rough calculation. 顺便说一下，这是一个我确实认为我们努力不够的领域。我不是在反驳之前说的大家都在尽可能努力工作、尽最大努力的观点。但我确实认为，当最初的估计出来时——每天有5,000桶石油涌入海洋，那是基于卫星图像和卫星数据的粗略计算。
At that point, BP already had a camera down there, but wasn't fully forthcoming in terms of what did those pictures look like. And when you set it up in time-lapse photography, experts could then make a more accurate determination. The Administration pushed them to release it, but they should have pushed them sooner. I mean, I think that it took too long for us to stand up our flow-tracking group that has now made these more accurate ranges of calculation. 那时BP已经在那里放了摄像头，但没有充分公开这些画面是什么样的。当你把它设置成延时摄影时，专家就能做出更准确的判断。政府推动他们公布，但应该更早推动。我是说，我认为我们成立流量追踪小组花了太长时间，该小组现在已经得出了更准确的计算范围。
Now, keep in mind that that didn't change what our response was. As I said from the start, we understood that this could be really bad. We are hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst. And so there aren't steps that would have taken in terms of trying to cap the well, or skimming the surface, or the in-situ burns, or preparing to make sure when this stuff hit shore that we could minimize the damage -- all those steps would have been the same even if we had information that this flow was coming out faster. 现在，请记住，这并没有改变我们的应对。正如我从一开始就说的，我们了解这可能非常糟糕。我们抱最好的希望，但做最坏的准备。因此，在尝试封堵油井、水面撇油、就地燃烧或准备确保当这些东西上岸时我们能将损害降至最低方面——所有这些步骤都是一样的，即使我们有信息表明流量更大。
And eventually, we would have gotten better information because, by law, the federal government, if it's going to be charging BP for the damage that it causes, is going to have to do the best possible assessment. But there was a lag of several weeks that I think shouldn't have happened. 最终，我们会获得更好的信息，因为根据法律，如果联邦政府要向BP收取其造成的损害费用，就必须做出最佳可能的评估。但有数周的滞后，我认为不应该发生。
Helen Thomas. 海伦·托马斯。
Question: Mr. President, when are you going to get out of Afghanistan? Why are we continuing to kill and die there? What is the real excuse? And don't give us this Bushism, "if we don't go there, they'll all come here." 提问：总统先生，您什么时候从阿富汗撤军？为什么我们继续在那里杀人和被杀？真正的借口是什么？别给我们这种布什主义，"如果我们不去那里，他们都会来这里。"
President Obama: Well, Helen, the reason we originally went to Afghanistan was because that was the base from which attacks were launched that killed 3,000 people -- I'm going to get to your question, I promise. But I just want to remind people we went there because the Taliban was harboring al Qaeda, which had launched an attack that killed 3,000 Americans. 奥巴马总统：嗯，海伦，我们最初去阿富汗的原因是那是发动杀害3,000人的袭击的基地——我会回答你的问题，我保证。但我只想提醒大家，我们去那里是因为塔利班庇护了基地组织，后者发动了杀害3,000名美国人的袭击。
Al Qaeda escaped capture and they set up in the border regions between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Al Qaeda has affiliates that not only provide them safe harbor, but increasingly are willing to conduct their own terrorist operations initially in Afghanistan and in Pakistan, but increasingly directed against Western targets and targets of our allies as well. 基地组织逃脱了抓捕，他们在巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的边境地区建立了基地。基地组织有附属组织，不仅为他们提供安全庇护，而且越来越愿意进行自己的恐怖行动，最初在阿富汗和巴基斯坦，但越来越多地针对西方目标和我们的盟友目标。
So it is absolutely critical that we dismantle that network of extremists that are willing to attack us. And they are currently -- 因此，我们必须瓦解那个愿意攻击我们的极端分子网络，这一点绝对关键。他们目前——
Question: -- a threat to us? 提问：——对我们构成威胁？
President Obama: They absolutely are a threat to us. They're a significant threat to us. I wouldn't be deploying young men and women into harm's way if I didn't think that they were an absolute threat to us. 奥巴马总统：他们绝对对我们构成威胁。他们对我们构成重大威胁。如果我不认为他们对我们构成绝对威胁，我就不会派遣年轻男女进入险境。
Now, General McChrystal's strategy, which I think is the right one, is that we are going to clear out Taliban strongholds; we are going to strengthen the capacity of the Afghan military; and we are going to get them stood up in a way that allows us then to start drawing down our troops but continuing to provide support for Afghan in its effort to create a stable government. 现在，麦克里斯特尔将军的战略——我认为是正确的——是我们将清除塔利班据点；我们将加强阿富汗军队的能力；我们将让他们站起来，使我们能够开始撤军，但继续为阿富汗努力建立稳定政府提供支持。
It is a difficult process. At the same time, we've also got to work with Pakistan so that they are more effective partners in dealing with the extremists that are within their borders. And it is a big, messy process. But we are making progress in part because the young men and women under General McChrystal's supervision, as well as our coalition partners, are making enormous sacrifices; but also on the civilian side, we're starting to make progress in terms of building capacity that will allow us then to draw down with an effective partner. 这是一个艰难的过程。与此同时，我们还必须与巴基斯坦合作，使他们成为应对其境内极端分子的更有效伙伴。这是一个庞大、复杂的过程。但我们正在取得进展，部分原因是麦克里斯特尔将军监督下的年轻男女以及我们的联盟伙伴正在做出巨大牺牲；而且在民用方面，我们也在开始取得进展，建立将使我们能够与有效伙伴一起撤军的能力。
Jackie Calmes, New York Times. 杰基·卡尔姆斯，《纽约时报》。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. I want to follow up on something -- exchange you had with Chip. Leaving aside the existing permits for drilling in the Gulf, before -- weeks before BP, you had called for expanded drilling. Do you now regret that decision? And why did you do so knowing what you have described today about the sort of dysfunction in the MMS? 提问：谢谢总统先生。我想跟进一个问题——您和奇普的交流。撇开墨西哥湾现有的钻探许可证不谈，在BP事件几周前，您曾呼吁扩大钻探。您现在后悔那个决定吗？鉴于您今天描述的MMS的种种功能障碍，您当时为什么那样做？
President Obama: I continue to believe what I said at that time, which was that domestic oil production is an important part of our overall energy mix. It has to be part of an overall energy strategy. I also believe that it is insufficient to meet the needs of our future, which is why I've made huge investments in clean energy, why we continue to promote solar and wind and biodiesel and a whole range of other approaches, why we're putting so much emphasis on energy efficiency. 奥巴马总统：我仍然相信我当时所说的，即国内石油生产是我们整体能源组合的重要组成部分。它必须是整体能源战略的一部分。我也相信它不足以满足我们未来的需求，这就是为什么我在清洁能源上进行了大量投资，为什么我们继续推广太阳能、风能、生物柴油和一系列其他方法，为什么我们在能源效率上投入如此多的精力。
But we're not going to be able to transition to these clean energy strategies right away. I mean, we're still years off and some technological breakthroughs away from being able to operate on purely a clean energy grid. During that time, we're going to be using oil. And to the extent that we're using oil, it makes sense for us to develop our oil and natural gas resources here in the United States and not simply rely on imports. That's important for our economy; that's important for economic growth. 但我们无法立即过渡到这些清洁能源战略。我是说，我们距离能够完全依靠清洁能源电网运营还有几年时间和一些技术突破。在那段时间里，我们将使用石油。在我们使用石油的范围内，在美国本土开发我们的石油和天然气资源而不是单纯依赖进口是有道理的。这对我们的经济很重要；对经济增长很重要。
So the overall framework, which is to say domestic oil production should be part of our overall energy mix, I think continues to be the right one. Where I was wrong was in my belief that the oil companies had their act together when it came to worst-case scenarios. 因此，整体框架——即国内石油生产应该成为我们整体能源组合的一部分——我认为仍然是正确的。我错在相信石油公司在最坏情况方面做好了准备。
Now, that wasn't based on just my blind acceptance of their statements. Oil drilling has been going on in the Gulf, including deepwater, for quite some time. And the record of accidents like this we hadn't seen before. 现在，那不仅仅是基于我盲目接受他们的说法。墨西哥湾的石油钻探已经进行了相当长的时间，包括深水钻探。我们以前没有见过类似这样的事故记录。
But it just takes one for us to have a wake-up call and recognize that claims that fail-safe procedures were in place, or that blowout preventers would function properly, or that valves would switch on and shut things off, that -- whether it's because of human error, because of the technology was faulty, because when you're operating at these depths you can't anticipate exactly what happens -- those assumptions proved to be incorrect. 但只需一次就让我们警醒，认识到那些关于故障安全程序已到位、防喷器会正常运作或阀门会开启关闭的说法——无论是因为人为错误、技术故障，还是因为在这个深度操作时无法准确预料会发生什么——这些假设都被证明是不正确的。
And so I'm absolutely convinced that we have to do a thorough-going scrub of that -- those safety procedures and those safety records. And we have to have confidence that even if it's just a one-in-a-million shot, that we've got enough technology know-how that we can shut something like this down not in a month, not in six weeks, but in two or three or four days. And I don't have that confidence right now. 因此我绝对相信，我们必须对那些安全程序和安全记录进行彻底的审查。我们必须有信心，即使只是百万分之一的概率，我们也有足够的技术知识，能够在不是一个月、不是六周内，而是在两三或四天内关闭这样的事情。我现在没有这种信心。
Question: If I could follow up -- 提问：如果我可以跟进——
President Obama: Sure. 奥巴马总统：当然。
Question: Do you -- are you sorry now? Do you regret that your team had not done the reforms at the Minerals Management Service that you've subsequently called for? And I'm also curious as to how it is that you didn't know about Ms. Birnbaum's resignation/firing before -- 提问：您——您现在后悔吗？您是否后悔您的团队没有进行您后来呼吁的矿产资源管理服务局的改革？我也很好奇，您怎么会在之前不知道伯恩鲍姆女士的辞职/解雇——
President Obama: Well, you're assuming it was a firing. If it was a resignation, then she would have submitted a letter to Mr. Salazar this morning, at a time when I had a whole bunch of other stuff going on. 奥巴马总统：嗯，你假设那是解雇。如果是辞职，那么她今天早上会向萨拉查先生提交一封信，而当时我有一大堆其他事情要处理。
Question: So you rule out that she was fired? 提问：所以您排除她被解雇的可能性？
President Obama: Come on, Jackie, I don't know. I'm telling you the -- I found out about it this morning, so I don't yet know the circumstances, and Ken Salazar has been in testimony on the Hill. 奥巴马总统：得了吧，杰基，我不知道。我告诉你——我今天早上才知道这件事，所以我还不了解情况，而肯·萨拉查一直在国会作证。
With respect to your first question, at MMS, Ken Salazar was in the process of making these reforms. But the point that I'm making is, is that obviously they weren't happening fast enough. If they had been happening fast enough, this might have been caught. 关于你的第一个问题，在MMS，肯·萨拉查正在推进这些改革。但我要说的是，显然这些改革进行得不够快。如果当时进行得够快，这件事可能已经被发现了。
Now, it's possible that it might now have been caught. I mean, we could have gone through a whole new process for environmental review; you could have had a bunch of technical folks take a look at BP's plans, and they might have said, this is -- meets industry standards, we haven't had an accident like this in 15 years and we should go ahead. 现在，也有可能没有被发现。我是说，我们本可以经历一个全新的环境审查流程；你本可以让一批技术人员审查BP的计划，他们可能会说，这符合行业标准，我们15年没有发生过这样的事故了，应该继续进行。
That's what this commission has to discover, is -- was this a systemic breakdown? Is this something that could happen once in a million times? Is it something that could happen once in a thousand times, or once every 5,000 times? What exactly are the risks involved? 这就是委员会必须发现的：这是系统性崩溃吗？这是百万分之一概率会发生的事吗？是千分之一概率，还是五千分之一概率？到底涉及什么风险？
Now, let me make one broader point, though, about energy. The fact that oil companies now have to go a mile underwater and then drill another three miles below that in order to hit oil tells us something about the direction of the oil industry. Extraction is more expensive and it is going to be inherently more risky. 现在，让我就能源问题说一个更广泛的观点。石油公司现在必须到水下一英里，然后再向下钻三英里才能找到石油，这一事实告诉了我们石油行业的发展方向。开采更加昂贵，而且本质上风险更大。
And so that's part of the reason you never heard me say, "Drill, baby, drill" -- because we can't drill our way out of the problem. It may be part of the mix as a bridge to a transition to new technologies and new energy sources, but we should be pretty modest in understanding that the easily accessible oil has already been sucked up out of the ground. 因此，这也是你从未听我说"钻吧，宝贝，钻吧"的部分原因——因为我们不能靠钻探来解决问题。它可能作为向新技术和新能源过渡的桥梁而成为组合的一部分，但我们应该相当谦虚地理解，容易开采的石油已经被从地下抽出了。
And as we are moving forward, the technology gets more complicated, the oil sources are more remote, and that means that there's probably going to end up being more risk. And we as a society are going to have to make some very serious determinations in terms of what risks are we willing to accept. And that's part of what the commission I think is going to have to look at. 随着我们向前推进，技术变得更加复杂，石油来源更加偏远，这意味着可能会有更多风险。我们作为一个社会将不得不做出一些非常严肃的决定，确定我们愿意接受什么风险。这也是委员会我认为必须审视的内容。
I will tell you, though, that understanding we need to grow -- we're going to be consuming oil for our industries and for how people live in this country, we're going to have to start moving on this transition. And that's why when I went to the Republican Caucus just this week, I said to them, let's work together. 不过我要告诉你们，理解我们需要增长——我们的工业和人们在这个国家的生活方式将消耗石油，我们必须开始推进这一转型。这就是为什么本周我去共和党核心小组时，对他们说，让我们合作。
You've got Lieberman and Kerry, who previously were working with Lindsey Graham -- even though Lindsey is not on the bill right now -- coming up with a framework that has the potential to get bipartisan support, and says, yes, we're going to still need oil production, but you know what, we can see what's out there on the horizon, and it's a problem if we don't start changing how we operate. 你们有利伯曼和克里，他们之前与林赛·格雷厄姆合作——尽管林赛目前不在法案中——制定了一个框架，有潜力获得两党支持，并表示，是的，我们仍然需要石油生产，但你知道吗，我们可以看到地平线上有什么，如果我们不开始改变我们的运作方式，那就是一个问题。
Macarena Vidal. Not here? Oh, there you are. 马卡雷纳·维达尔。不在？哦，你在那里。
Question: Mr. President, you announced -- or the White House announced two days ago that you were going to send 1,200 people to -- 1,200 members of the National Guard to the border. I want to -- if you could precise what their target is going to be, what you're planning to achieve with that -- if you could clarify a bit more the mission that they're going to have. 提问：总统先生，您宣布——或者白宫两天前宣布，您将派遣1,200人——1,200名国民警卫队成员到边境。我想——如果您能明确他们的目标是什么，您计划以此实现什么——如果您能进一步澄清他们将执行的任务。
And also on Arizona, after you have criticized so much the immigration law that has been approved there, would you support the boycott that some organizations are calling towards that state? 另外关于亚利桑那州，在您如此批评那里通过的移民法之后，您是否会支持一些组织对该州的抵制呼吁？
President Obama: I've indicated that I don't approve of the Arizona law. I think it's the wrong approach. I understand the frustrations of the people of Arizona and a lot of folks along the border that that border has not been entirely secured in a way that is both true to our traditions as a nation of law and as a nation of immigrants. 奥巴马总统：我已经表示我不赞成亚利桑那州的法律。我认为这是错误的做法。我理解亚利桑那州人民和边境沿线许多人的挫折感，那条边境一直没有以既符合我们作为法治国家和移民国家传统的方式完全得到保障。
I'm President of the United States; I don't endorse boycotts or not endorse boycotts. That's something that the private citizens can make a decision about. What my Administration is doing is examining very closely this Arizona law and its implications for the civil rights and civil liberties for the people in Arizona, as well as the concern that you start getting a patchwork of 50 different immigration laws around the country in an area that is inherently the job of the federal government. 我是美国总统；我不支持或不支持抵制。那是私人公民可以做的决定。我的政府正在非常密切地审查这项亚利桑那州法律及其对亚利桑那州人民公民权利和自由的影响，以及对可能出现50种不同移民法律的拼凑现象的担忧，而这本来就是联邦政府的职责。
Now, for the federal government to do its job, everybody has got to step up. And so I've tried to be as clear as I could this week, and I will repeat it to everybody who's here: We have to have a comprehensive approach to immigration reform. The time to get moving on this is now. And I am prepared to work with both parties and members of Congress to get a bill that does a good job securing our borders; holds employers accountable; makes sure that those who have come here illegally have to pay a fine, pay back taxes, learn English, and get right by the law. 现在，为了让联邦政府做好工作，每个人都必须行动起来。因此我本周尽可能说清楚了，我会向在场的每个人重申：我们必须采取综合方法进行移民改革。现在就是推进的时候了。我准备与两党和国会议员合作，通过一项在保障边境安全、追究雇主责任、确保非法入境者必须缴纳罚款、补缴税款、学习英语并依法合规方面做得好的法案。
We had the opportunity to do that. We've done -- we've gotten a vote of a super majority in the Senate just four years ago. There's no reason why we shouldn't be able to recreate that bipartisan spirit to get this problem solved. 我们有机会做到这一点。我们——四年前我们在参议院获得了绝对多数的票。我们没有理由不能重现那种两党合作精神来解决这个问题。
Now, with respect to the National Guardsmen and women, I have authorized up to 1,200 National Guardspersons in a plan that was actually shaped last year. So this is not simply in response to the Arizona law. 现在，关于国民警卫队男女成员，我已授权最多1,200名国民警卫队人员参与一项实际上去年就制定了的计划。所以这不仅仅是对亚利桑那州法律的回应。
And what we find is, is that National Guardspersons can help on intelligence; dealing with both drug and human trafficking along the borders; they can relieve border guards so that the border guards then can be in charge of law enforcement in those areas. So there are a lot of functions that they can carry out that helps leverage and increase the resources available in this area. 我们发现国民警卫队人员可以在情报方面提供帮助；处理边境沿线的毒品和人口贩运；他们可以替换边防人员，使边防人员然后可以负责这些地区的执法工作。因此他们可以执行很多功能，帮助利用和增加该地区的可用资源。
By the way, we didn't just send National Guard. We've also got a package of $500 million in additional resources, because, for example, if we are doing a better job dealing with trafficking along the border, we've also got to make sure that we've got prosecutors down there who can prosecute those cases. 顺便说一下，我们不仅仅派遣了国民警卫队。我们还提供了一揽子5亿美元的额外资源，因为，例如，如果我们更好地处理边境沿线的贩运问题，我们还必须确保那里有检察官可以起诉这些案件。
But the key point I want to emphasize to you is that I don't see these issues in isolation. We're not going to solve the problem just solely as a consequence of sending National Guard troops down there. We're going to solve this problem because we have created an orderly, fair, humane immigration framework in which people are able to immigrate to this country in a legal fashion; employers are held accountable for hiring legally present workers. 但我想向你强调的关键点是，我并不孤立地看待这些问题。我们不会仅仅因为派遣国民警卫队就能解决这个问题。我们将解决这个问题，因为我们创建了一个有序、公平、人道的移民框架，人们能够以合法方式移民到这个国家；雇主对雇佣合法在岗工人负责。
And I think we can craft that system if everybody is willing to step up. And I told the Republican Caucus when I met with them this week, I don't even need you to meet me halfway; meet me a quarter of the way. I'll bring the majority of Democrats to a smart, sensible, comprehensive immigration reform bill. But I'm going to have to have some help, given the rules of the Senate, where a simple majority is not enough. 我认为如果每个人都愿意行动起来，我们可以制定那样的体系。我本周与共和党核心小组会面时告诉他们，我甚至不需要你们走到一半；走到四分之一就行。我会让大多数民主党人支持一个明智、合理、综合的移民改革法案。但鉴于参议院的规则，简单多数是不够的，我需要一些帮助。
Last question, Major [Garrett]. 最后一个问题，梅杰[加勒特]。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Good afternoon. 提问：谢谢总统先生。下午好。
President Obama: Good afternoon. 奥巴马总统：下午好。
Question: Two issues. Some in your government have said the federal government's boot is on the neck of BP. Are you comfortable with that imagery, sir? Is your boot on the neck of BP? And can you understand, sir, why some in the Gulf who feel besieged by this oil spill consider that a meaningless, possibly ludicrous, metaphor? 提问：两个问题。您政府中有人说联邦政府的靴子踩在BP的脖子上。您对这种比喻感到舒服吗，先生？您的靴子踩在BP的脖子上吗？您能理解吗，先生，为什么墨西哥湾一些感到被这场石油泄漏围困的人认为那是一个无意义的、可能荒谬的比喻？
Secondarily, can you tell the American public, sir, what your White House did or did not offer Congressman Sestak to not enter the Democratic senatorial primary? And how will you meet your levels of expressed transparency and ethics to convey that answer to satisfy what appear to be bipartisan calls for greater disclosure about that matter? Thank you. 其次，您能告诉美国公众吗，先生，您的白宫向塞斯塔克议员提供了什么或没有提供什么，让他不参加民主党参议员初选？您将如何满足您表达的透明度和道德标准，以传达该答案来满足似乎两党都要求更充分披露此事的呼声？谢谢。
President Obama: There will be an official response shortly on the Sestak issue, which I hope will answer your questions. 奥巴马总统：关于塞斯塔克事件将很快有官方回应，我希望这将回答你们的问题。
Question: From you, sir? 提问：来自您吗，先生？
President Obama: You will get it from my Administration. And it will be coming out -- when I say "shortly," I mean shortly. I don't mean weeks or months. With respect to the first -- 奥巴马总统：你们将从我的政府得到。很快就会出来——当我说"很快"时，我意思是很快。我不是说几周或几个月。关于第一个问题——
Question: Can you assure the public it was ethical and legal, sir? 提问：您能向公众保证那是合乎道德和法律的吗，先生？
President Obama: I can assure the public that nothing improper took place. But, as I said, there will be a response shortly on that issue. 奥巴马总统：我可以向公众保证没有发生不当行为。但正如我说的，关于那个问题将很快有回应。
With respect to the metaphor that was used, I think Ken Salazar would probably be the first one to admit that he has been frustrated, angry, and occasionally emotional about this issue, like a lot of people have. I mean, there are a lot of folks out there who see what's happening and are angry at BP, are frustrated that it hasn't stopped. And so I'll let Ken answer for himself. I would say that we don't need to use language like that; what we need is actions that make sure that BP is being held accountable. And that's what I intend to do, and I think that's what Ken Salazar intends to do. 关于使用的比喻，我想肯·萨拉查可能是第一个承认他一直对此感到沮丧、愤怒和偶尔情绪化的人，就像很多人一样。我是说，有很多人看到正在发生的事情，对BP感到愤怒，对泄漏没有停止感到沮丧。所以我让肯自己回答。我想说我们不需要使用那样的语言；我们需要的是确保BP被追究责任的行动。那就是我打算做的，我想那也是肯·萨拉查打算做的。
But, look, we've gone through a difficult year and a half. This is just one more bit of difficulty. And this is going to be hard not just right now, it's going to be hard for months to come. The Gulf -- 但是，看，我们经历了一年半的困难。这只是一个更多的困难。这不仅仅现在会很艰难，未来几个月也会很艰难。墨西哥湾——
Question: This -- 提问：这——
President Obama: This spill. The Gulf is going to be affected in a bad way. And so my job right now is just to make sure that everybody in the Gulf understands this is what I wake up to in the morning and this is what I go to bed at night thinking about. 奥巴马总统：这次泄漏。墨西哥湾将受到严重影响。所以我现在的工作就是确保墨西哥湾的每个人都明白，这就是我早上醒来想的事，也是我晚上睡觉想的事。
Question: The spill? 提问：泄漏？
President Obama: The spill. And it's not just me, by the way. When I woke this morning and I'm shaving and Malia knocks on my bathroom door and she peeks in her head and she says, "Did you plug the hole yet, Daddy?" Because I think everybody understands that when we are fouling the Earth like this, it has concrete implications not just for this generation, but for future generations. 奥巴马总统：泄漏。顺便说一下，不只是我。今天早上我醒来刮胡子时，玛利亚敲我的浴室门，探进头来问："爸爸，你把那个洞堵上了吗？"因为我想每个人都明白，当我们这样污染地球时，它不仅对这一代人有具体影响，也对后代有影响。
I grew up in Hawaii where the ocean is sacred. And when you see birds flying around with oil all over their feathers and turtles dying, that doesn't just speak to the immediate economic consequences of this; this speaks to how are we caring for this incredible bounty that we have. 我在夏威夷长大，那里海洋是神圣的。当你看到鸟儿全身沾满石油飞来飞去、海龟死去，那不仅仅说明眼前的经济后果；这说明我们如何照顾我们拥有的这份难以置信的恩赐。
And so sometimes when I hear folks down in Louisiana expressing frustrations, I may not always think that they're comments are fair; on the other hand, I probably think to myself, these are folks who grew up fishing in these wetlands and seeing this as an integral part of who they are -- and to see that messed up in this fashion would be infuriating. 因此，有时当我听到路易斯安那州的人们表达挫折时，我可能不总是认为他们的评论是公平的；但另一方面，我可能会想，这些人是在这些湿地中长大并钓鱼的，把这视为他们身份的一部分——看到以这种方式被破坏会令人愤怒。
So the thing that the American people need to understand is that not a day goes by where the federal government is not constantly thinking about how do we make sure that we minimize the damage on this, we close this thing down, we review what happened to make sure that it does not happen again. 所以美国人民需要明白的是，没有哪一天联邦政府不在不断思考如何确保我们将此损害降至最低、关闭泄漏、审查发生的事情以确保不再发生。
And in that sense, there are analogies to what's been happening in terms of in the financial markets and some of these other areas where big crises happen -- it forces us to do some soul searching. And I think that's important for all of us to do. 从这个意义上说，与金融市场和其他一些发生大危机的领域正在发生的事情有相似之处——它迫使我们进行一些自我反省。我认为这对我们所有人来说都很重要。
In the meantime, my job is to get this fixed. And in case anybody wonders -- in any of your reporting, in case you were wondering who's responsible, I take responsibility. It is my job to make sure that everything is done to shut this down. That doesn't mean it's going to be easy. It doesn't mean it's going to happen right away or the way I'd like it to happen. It doesn't mean that we're not going to make mistakes. But there shouldn't be any confusion here: The federal government is fully engaged, and I'm fully engaged. 与此同时，我的工作是解决这个问题。如果任何人想知道——在任何报道中，如果你想知道谁负责，我承担责任。确保尽一切努力关闭泄漏是我的工作。这不意味着会很容易。这不意味着会立即发生或按我希望的方式发生。这不意味着我们不会犯错。但不应有任何困惑：联邦政府全力投入，我也全力投入。
All right. Thank you very much, everybody. 好的。非常感谢，各位。