Neih hou. Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you. I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang [Yuliang] for his hospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations. 你好。下午好。能够来到上海，并有机会与各位交流，我感到非常荣幸。我想感谢复旦大学杨[良]校长的盛情款待和热情欢迎。我还要感谢我们出色的驻华大使洪博培，他体现了我们两国之间深厚的联系与相互尊重。
I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good. 我不知道他说了什么，但我希望是好事。
What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue. 我想先作一些开场发言，然后我真正期待的是回答问题——不仅来自在座学生的问题，我们也收到了网上的提问，这些问题将由现场的一些学生以及洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉我的中文不如你们的英文好，但我非常期待这次对话的机会。
This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past. 这是我第一次来到中国，看到这个壮丽的国度我感到非常兴奋。在上海，我们看到了吸引全世界目光的发展——高耸的摩天大楼、熙熙攘攘的街道和蓬勃的创业活力。我既为这些昭示中国迈向21世纪的标志所触动，也同样渴望去探访那些诉说中国遥远过去的古老之地。
Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future. 明天和后天，我希望在北京有机会领略故宫的雄伟和长城的奇观。这确实是一个兼具悠久历史与对未来充满信念的国度。
The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries. Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence. 我们两国之间的关系也是如此。上海当然是一座在美中关系史上具有重大意义的城市。37年前，正是《上海公报》打开了两国政府和两国人民交往新篇章的大门。然而，美国与这座城市、与这个国家的联系可以追溯到更久远的年代，直至美国独立之初。
In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial. 1784年，我们的国父乔治·华盛顿派遣"中国皇后号"扬帆驶向这片海岸，以便与清朝开展贸易。华盛顿希望看到这艘船载着国旗环游世界，并与像中国这样的国家建立新的联系。这是一种美国人的共同冲动——渴望开拓新的天地，缔造互利共赢的新伙伴关系。
Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions. And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. 在随后的两个世纪里，历史的洪流将两国关系引向了许多不同方向。即便在风云变幻之中，我们两国人民也有机会缔结深厚甚至令人动容的联系。例如，美国人民永远不会忘记二战期间我们对被击落在你们国土上的飞行员所受到的款待，中国平民冒着失去一切的风险照料了他们。
And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation. 而那场战争的中国老兵至今仍热情地迎接那些重返当年战场、帮助中国从占领中解放出来的美国老兵。
A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- "[The] people are just like us...The country is very similar to America, but still very different." 近40年前，一种不同的联系建立了起来——两国之间的坚冰通过简单的乒乓球比赛开始融化。这种交往本身的不寻常之处恰恰促成了它的成功——因为尽管存在种种分歧，我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心都展现了出来。正如一位美国球员这样描述他的中国之行——"这里的人和我们一样……这个国家很像美国，但又非常不同。"
Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far we have come. 当然，这一小小的破冰之后，便有了《上海公报》的达成，以及1979年美中正式建交。三十年来，看看我们走过了多远。
In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly 5 billion dollars -- today it tops over 400 billion dollars each year. The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry. This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity. 1979年，美中年贸易额约为50亿美元，如今每年已超过4000亿美元。这种商贸往来在许多方面影响着我们两国人民的生活。美国从中国进口许多我们使用的电脑零部件和穿着的衣物，我们也向中国出口帮助推动你们工业发展的机械设备。这种贸易可以为太平洋两岸创造更多就业机会，同时让我们的人民享受更好的生活品质。随着需求日趋平衡，它还能带来更广泛的繁荣。
In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time -- economic recovery and the development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe. All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu [Jintao]. 1979年，美中政治合作主要根植于我们共同对抗苏联的博弈。今天，我们拥有积极、建设性、全面的关系，为在当今关键全球议题上的合作打开了大门——经济复苏与清洁能源发展、阻止核武器扩散与应对气候变化的祸患、推动亚洲及全球的和平与安全。所有这些问题都将在明天我与胡[锦涛]主席会晤时列入议程。
And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors. The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students. There are nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our communities together. 1979年，我们两国人民之间的联系还很有限。如今，我们看到当年乒乓球选手的好奇心已化作在众多领域建立的联系。在美国的留学生中，中国学生人数位居第二，而我们自己学生学习中文的人数也增长了50%。近200对"友好城市"把我们的社区连接在一起。
American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery. And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting. 美中两国的科学家在新研究和发现上展开合作。当然，姚明只是我们对篮球共同热爱的一个标志——我只是遗憾这次访问期间无法看到上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。
It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled in human history -- while playing a larger role in global events. And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion. 我们两国关系伴随一个积极变革的时期，这并非偶然。中国让数亿人摆脱了贫困——这是一项人类历史上无可比拟的成就——同时在全球事务中发挥着更大的作用。美国也见证了经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高，并成功终结了冷战。
There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the future." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect. 中国有句古话："温故而知新。"过去30年里，我们确实经历过挫折与挑战。我们的关系并非没有分歧和困难。但认为我们注定要成为对手的观点并非天定——当我们回顾过去时尤其如此。事实上，正是因为合作，美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到，在共同利益基础上合作、在相互尊重基础上交往，可以带来怎样的可能。
And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways. 然而，这种交往的成功取决于理解——取决于持续的开放对话，以及相互了解、相互学习。正如那位美国乒乓球选手所指出的——作为人类，我们有许多共同之处，但我们两国在某些方面也有所不同。
I believe that each country must chart its own course. China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture. The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy. 我相信每个国家都必须走自己的道路。中国是一个拥有深厚文化底蕴的古老国家。相比之下，美国是一个年轻的国家，其文化由来到我们海岸的众多不同移民以及指导我们民主的建国文献所塑造。
Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights; that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerce should be open, information freely accessible; and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice. 这些文献提出了关于人类事务的朴素愿景，并确立了几项核心原则——所有男女生而平等，并拥有某些基本权利；政府应当反映民意、回应人民的愿望；商业应当开放，信息应当自由获取；法律、而非仅仅是人，应当保障司法的施行。
Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters. In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union. We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery. 当然，我们国家的历史并非没有艰难的篇章。多年来，我们一直在许多方面努力，将这些原则的承诺推广至所有人民，缔造一个更完美的联邦。我们打了一场非常痛苦的南北战争，解放了一部分被奴役的人民。
It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced. Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights. 让女性获得投票权、工人赢得组织工会的权利、来自世界各地的移民被完全接纳，都需要时间。即使获得自由之后，非裔美国人也忍受了"隔离但并不平等"的境遇，最终才赢得了完整而平等的权利。
None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms. That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure. 这些都不容易。但我们之所以取得进步，是因为我们坚守这些核心原则，它们是引导我们穿越最黑暗风暴的指南针。正因如此，林肯才能在内战之中挺身而出，宣布这是一场考验——考验任何孕育于自由之中、"致力于人人生而平等这一主张"的国家能否长存。
That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who would work for it; 正因如此，马丁·路德·金博士才能站在林肯纪念堂的台阶上，呼吁我们的国家践行其信条的真正含义。正因如此，从中国到肯尼亚的移民才能在我们的海岸找到家园；机会才会向所有愿意为之奋斗的人敞开；
and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President. 也正因如此，像我这样的人——不到50年前在美国某些地区还会遇到投票困难——如今能够担任美国总统。
And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world. We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation. These freedoms of expression and worship -- of access to information and political participation -- we believe are universal rights. They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities -- whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation. 也正因如此，美国将始终在世界各地为这些核心原则发声。我们不寻求把任何政府体制强加于其他国家，但我们也并不认为我们所坚持的原则为我国所独有。这些表达与信仰自由、获取信息与政治参与的自由，我们认为是普世权利。它们应当为所有人享有，包括少数族裔和宗教少数群体——无论他们身处美国、中国还是任何国家。
Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries; our respect for different cultures; our commitment to international law; and our faith in the future. 事实上，正是这种对普世权利的尊重，指引着美国对其他国家的开放态度、对不同文化的尊重、对国际法的承诺，以及对未来的信念。
These are all things that you should know about America. I also know that we have much to learn about China. Looking around at this magnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future. Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements. For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's. 这些都是你们应当了解的关于美国的事情。我也知道，我们在很多方面还需要向中国学习。环顾这座宏伟的城市——环顾这个房间——我确实相信我们两国拥有某种重要的共同点，那就是对未来的信念。美国和中国都不满足于已有的成就。因为中国虽然是一个古老的国家，但你们显然也充满信心、雄心和承诺地展望未来，希望下一代能比这一代做得更好。
In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use. China is now the world's largest Internet user -- which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event. 除了不断增长的经济，我们还钦佩中国对科学研究的非凡投入——这种投入从你们建设的基础设施到使用的技术中都得到体现。中国如今是全球最大的互联网用户国——这正是我们非常高兴地将互联网纳入今天活动一部分的原因。
This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow. 这个国家如今拥有全球最大的移动通信网络，并正在投资既能维持增长又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待明天在美中两国深化这一关键领域的伙伴关系。
But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century. 但最重要的是，我在你们身上看到了中国的未来——你们的才华、奉献和梦想将极大地塑造21世纪。
I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at the expense of another. 我曾屡次说过，我相信我们这个世界如今已经根本上相互连接。我们所做的工作、所建设的繁荣、所保护的环境、所寻求的安全——这些都是共享的。鉴于这种相互联系，21世纪的实力不再是零和博弈；一个国家的成功不必以另一个国家为代价。
And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise. On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations -- a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you. 正因如此，美国坚持表示我们不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反，我们欢迎中国作为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个像你们这样从每位中国人的权利、力量与创造力中汲取力量的中国。
To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide. That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations. And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people -- in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play. And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America. 回到那句古话——温故。我们知道，大国合作所得远多于冲突。这是人类反复学到的教训，也是我们两国之间历史的写照。我坚信，合作必须超越政府层面。它必须扎根于我们的人民——扎根于我们共同的学习、所做的商业、获得的知识，甚至我们所从事的体育。而这些桥梁必须由像你们这样的青年以及你们在美国的同龄人来搭建。
That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000. And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century. And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people. For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written. 正因如此，我高兴地宣布，美国将大幅扩大来华留学的学生人数，达到10万人。这些交流彰显了我们建立两国人民联系的明确承诺，正如你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信，美国能提供的最好大使就是我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样，充满了才华、活力以及对尚未书写的历史的乐观态度。
So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world. And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward. 那么，就让这成为我们为两国和世界服务的、稳步追求合作的下一步。如果说我们能从今天的对话中带走什么，我希望那就是继续推进这一对话的承诺。
So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you. Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。现在我期待回答你们的一些问题。非常感谢。
So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy. 那么——我先确认一下设备是否正常。顺便说一下，这种市政厅会议形式在美国是非常普遍的传统。我们接下来要这样做——如果你有兴趣提问，可以举手。我会叫到你们。然后我会交替回答现场观众的提问和由准备问题的学生提出的网络问题，另外我想洪博培大使也可能有一个从我们大使馆网站征集到的问题。
So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what's your name? 那么，让我先开始——我会先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，这样交替进行，让你们知道这是公平的。好吗？那就从前面这位年轻女士开始吧。请等一下话筒，让所有人都能听见你。请问你叫什么名字？
Question: My name is [inaudible] and I am a student from Fudan University. Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? 提问：我叫[听不清]，是复旦大学的学生。自1985年以来，上海和芝加哥一直是姐妹城市，两市在经济、政治和文化交流方面开展了广泛合作。那么您将采取什么措施来深化美中城市之间这种密切关系？
And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you. 上海明年将举办世界博览会。您会带家人来参观世博会吗？谢谢。
President Obama: Well, thank you very much for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago -- my home town -- that he's visited there twice. And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities. 奥巴马总统：非常感谢你的提问。我来这里之前刚和上海市市长共进午餐，他告诉我他与我的家乡芝加哥市有着非常好的关系，他去过两次。我觉得城市之间能有这样的交流非常棒。
One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China. 我和市长讨论的内容之一，是两座城市如何在清洁能源策略上相互借鉴，因为把中国和美国联系在一起的问题之一是：在人口不断增长、对气候变化日益担忧的情况下，我们如何减少碳排放足迹。显然，在美国和许多发达国家，人均能耗已经远高于中国的每个人。
But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well. So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies. 但随着中国的发展与扩张，中国的能耗也会增加。因此两国都非常有兴趣寻找新的策略。
We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail. 我们谈到了公共交通和上海正在建设的优秀铁路线。我认为芝加哥和美国可以从高铁方面的出色工作中学习借鉴。
In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other. 在美国，我们正在学习如何建造能耗更低、更具能效的建筑。我知道在上海，我在途中看到许多塔吊和拔地而起的新建筑，对我们来说，开始采用这些新技术非常重要，让每栋建筑在照明和供暖方面都更加节能。因此我认为这是我们相互学习的绝佳机会。
I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I would love to attend. I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting. 我从市长那里了解到，上海世博会的一个重点将是清洁能源问题。所以我非常愿意出席。我还不确定日程安排，但我很高兴我们将在世博会上设有一个出色的美国馆，我了解到预计将有7000万游客到这里参观。所以那里会非常拥挤，也会非常热闹。
Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai. 芝加哥历史上举办过两次世界博览会，这两届世博会都极大地推动了城市的发展。所以我确信上海也会如此。
Thank you. 谢谢。
Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case -- 我们来接一个网络问题好吗？请自我介绍一下，万一——
Question: First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? 提问：我先说中文，然后再说英文，好吗？
President Obama: Yes. 奥巴马总统：好的。
Question: I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China. I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States? 提问：我想提一个来自网络的问题。总统先生，我想感谢您就任第一年就访问中国，并与中国同行交流意见。我想知道您此次访华带来了什么，又将给美国带回什么？
President Obama: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States. 奥巴马总统：我此行的主要目的是加深对中国及其未来愿景的了解。我与胡主席已经有过几次会晤。我们共同出席了应对经济金融危机的G20峰会。我们就广泛议题进行了磋商。但我认为，对美国来说不断加深对中国的理解非常重要，正如中国不断加深对美国的理解也同样重要。
In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights -- but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree. 至于我希望从这次会晤或访问中得到什么——除了能有机会参观故宫和长城、与各位见面这些精彩亮点之外——我打算与胡主席进行的讨论也回应了洪博培大使之前所提到的观点：除非美中两国达成一致，否则很少有全球性挑战能够得到解决。
So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change. The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China. 让我给你们举一个具体的例子，就是刚才讨论的气候变化问题。美国和中国是世界两大温室气体排放国，这些气体导致地球升温。正如我之前所说，美国作为一个高度发达国家，人均能耗和人均温室气体排放量都远高于中国。
On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it. 但另一方面，中国的增长速度要快得多，人口也多得多。因此，除非我们两国都愿意在应对这一问题上采取关键步骤，否则我们将无法解决它。
There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations -- obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States -- but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases. 12月将在哥本哈根召开一次会议，各国领导人正试图找到一种方案，让我们都能作出有区别的承诺，使每个国家不必承担相同义务——显然，贫困问题更为严峻的中国不应与美国承担完全相同的责任——但我们所有人都应承担某些义务，制定减少温室气体排放的计划。
So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting -- a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. 这就是我希望从这次会晤中获得的成果的一个例子——我与胡主席之间达成共识，探讨美中两国如何共同展现领导力。因为我要告诉你们，世界上其他国家都在等着我们。他们会关注我们做什么。
And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? 如果他们说，啊，美国和中国对此并不认真，那么他们也不会认真。这就是我们两国如今所承担的领导责任。我希望，我们进行的讨论和对话越多，就越能在这些关键议题上向世界展现这种领导力。好吗？
All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'll call on this young man right here. 好，我想现在该轮到男生了。对吧？那么我就叫这位年轻男士。
Question: [As translated.] Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is always good to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China advocates a harmonious world. 提问：[译稿] 总统先生，下午好。我来自同济大学。我想引用孔子的一句话："有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。"孔子典籍中还有一句名言：和而不同。中国主张建设和谐世界。
We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity. I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future? 我们知道，美国发展出了一种以多样性为特征的文化。我想知道，贵国政府将如何建设一个不同文化并存的多元化世界？您将如何尊重其他国家的不同文化和历史？我们未来可以开展怎样的合作？
President Obama: This is an excellent point. The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We have people coming from all around the world. And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she's married to a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. 奥巴马总统：这个问题非常好。美国的一大优势在于我们是一个极其多元的文化。我们有来自世界各地的人。所以"美国人是什么样子"并没有统一的定义。就我自己的家庭而言，我父亲来自肯尼亚，母亲来自美国中西部的堪萨斯州，我妹妹是半印尼血统，她嫁给了一位加拿大华裔。所以当你看到奥巴马家的家庭聚会时，就像看到了联合国。
And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society. 这是美国的一大优势，因为这意味着我们从不同的文化、不同的食物、不同的思想中学习，这让我们成为一个更具活力的社会。
Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries. 但同样真实的是，在这个相互连接的世界里，每个国家都有自己的文化、历史和传统。我认为美国非常重要的一点是，不要假设对我们有益的事情就自动对别人有益。我们对其他国家的态度必须保持某种谦逊。
I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. 不过我必须说，正如我在开场发言中所提到的，我们确实相信，有些基本原则是全人类共通的，无关文化。
So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's a universal value. 例如，在联合国，我们非常积极地努力确保全世界儿童都能享有某些基本权利——如果儿童正在被剥削，如果存在童工强制劳动，那么尽管过去许多国家（包括美国）都曾发生过这种情况，全世界所有国家现在都应发展到以比过去更好的方式对待儿童的程度。这是一种普世价值。
I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. 例如，我相信在对待女性方面也是如此。我来之前午餐时与上海市市长进行了一次非常有趣的讨论，他告诉我，如今在中国许多专业领域，大学里的女生实际上比男生还多，而且她们表现得非常出色。
I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women. 我认为这是进步的极佳标志，因为事实证明，如果你观察世界各地的发展，一个国家是否发展良好的最佳指标之一，就是它如何教育女孩、如何对待女性。
And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't. 那些善于发掘女性才华与能量、为她们提供教育的国家，在经济上通常比不这样做的国家表现更好。
So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world. And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out. 所以，显然不同文化对男女关系可能有不同的态度，但我认为美国的观点是，我们有责任捍卫全世界女性的权利。如果我们看到某些社会中女性受到压迫、得不到机会，或遭受暴力，我们就会发声。
Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that. But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values. And we -- and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. 当然，可能有人不认同我们，对此我们可以展开对话。但我们认为，忠于自己的理想和价值观仍然很重要。我们这样做时，也始终怀着谦逊和理解，承认我们并不完美，仍有许多需要进步之处。
If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values. 如果你和美国的女性交谈，她们会告诉你，仍然有一些男性对女性在社会中的角色抱有许多陈旧观念。所以我们并不声称已经解决了所有这些问题，但我们确实认为，为这些普世理想和普世价值发声是非常重要的。
Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet. 好吗？好的。我们来接一个网络问题。
Question: Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person. 提问：总统先生您好。能到这里与您见面非常荣幸。
President Obama: Thank you. 奥巴马总统：谢谢。
Question: I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. 提问：我将向您宣读一个从网络上挑选的问题，这个问题来自一位台湾同胞。他在问题中说：我来自台湾，现在在大陆做生意。由于近年来两岸关系改善，我在大陆的生意做得相当不错。
So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose -- continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer. 所以当听到美国有些人提议继续向台湾出售武器的消息时，我开始相当担忧。我担心这可能让我们的两岸关系受到损害。
So I would like to know if, Mr. President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question. Thank you. 所以我想知道，总统先生，您是否支持两岸关系改善？虽然这个问题来自一位商人，但实际上，这也是我们所有中国年轻学生深切关心的问题，所以非常希望了解您在这个问题上的立场。谢谢。
President Obama: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China. We don't want to change that policy and that approach. 奥巴马总统：谢谢。我过去一直明确表示，本届政府全力支持一个中国政策，正如数十年来的三个联合公报所体现的那样，这适用于我们与台湾的关系，也适用于我们与中华人民共和国的关系。我们不想改变这一政策和做法。
I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of -- and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues. 我对两岸紧张局势的缓和和两岸关系的改善感到非常高兴，我深切希望并期盼，在解决许多这类问题上，台湾与中华人民共和国之间能继续看到重大改善。
One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved. We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born. 我认为，美国在对外政策和对华政策上一贯寻求的，是通过对话和谈判解决问题的方式。我们始终认为这是更好的路径。我认为本地区正在形成的经济和商业联系，正在帮助消除许多可以追溯到你们出生之前、甚至我出生之前的紧张局势。
Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place -- there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology. And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay? 当然，在这些问题上仍有一些人倾向于回顾过去，而非展望未来。我更愿意展望未来。正如我所说，我认为正在形成的商业联系——当人们觉得自己可以做生意、能赚钱时，他们的思维就会变得很清晰，不再那么纠结于意识形态。我认为这种情况正在本地区发生，我们非常支持这一进程。好吗？
Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on you next. 让我看看，现在该轮到女生了，对吧？好，就是那里。对。稍等，让我——哎呀，抱歉，他们把话筒收回去了。我待会儿再叫你。
Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead. 请说，待会儿我再过去这边。请讲。
Question: Thank you. 提问：谢谢。
President Obama: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards. 奥巴马总统：我待会儿叫你。但我先叫她，然后再叫你。
Go ahead. 请讲。
Question: Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace. In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to -- more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you -- will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much. 提问：好的，谢谢。总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我有一个关于诺贝尔和平奖的问题。在您看来，您荣获诺贝尔和平奖的主要原因是什么？这是否会赋予您更多责任和压力——更多促进世界和平的压力和责任？这是否会——是否会影响您处理国际事务时的想法？非常感谢。
President Obama: Thank you. That was an excellent question. I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it's a great honor. I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize. 奥巴马总统：谢谢。这个问题非常好。我必须说，对于获得诺贝尔和平奖，没有人比我更惊讶。显然这是一项极大的荣誉。鉴于以往获奖者的非凡历史，我并不一定认为我配得上这份荣誉。
All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote. 我能做的，只是怀着极大的谦卑接受这样一个事实：我认为委员会是被美国人民以及改变美国乃至美国对待世界的方式的可能性所鼓舞。所以在某种意义上，我认为他们把奖颁给了我，但我更多只是我们正努力推动的世界事务方式转变的一个象征。
In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job. And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's a similar saying in China -- we have a saying: "You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it. 至于我感受到的责任，担任总统一职让我感到极为荣幸。每当我抱怨工作太辛苦时，我妻子总会提醒我：是你自己自愿要做这份工作的。所以——有句俗话——不知道中国有没有类似的说法——我们有句话叫："自己铺的床，自己得睡。"意思就是，你想要什么要小心，因为你可能真的会得到。
I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent of Africa -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve. 我认为我们所有人都有义务努力推动世界和平。这并不总是容易做到的。世界上仍有许多冲突可以追溯到几个世纪以前。如果你看看中东，那里有些战争和冲突根植于上千年前的争执。在世界许多地方——比如非洲大陆——存在着很难解决的种族和部落冲突。
And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence. 显然，作为美国总统，我的部分职责是担任三军统帅，我的首要任务是保护美国人民。由于"9·11"袭击以及世界各地正在发生的恐怖主义——无辜人民被杀害，我有义务确保我们铲除这些恐怖组织，并与其他国家合作应对这种暴力。
Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples -- through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures. 然而，尽管我认为我们永远无法完全消除国家间或民族间的暴力，但我认为我们绝对可以减少人民之间的暴力——通过对话、通过思想交流、通过人民和文化之间更深的理解。
And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage. And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place. 尤其是现在，仅凭一个人就能引爆一枚造成巨大破坏的炸弹，追求和平策略比以往任何时候都更加重要。技术是造福人类的强大工具，但也让少数人有可能造成巨大的破坏。正因如此，我希望在与胡主席的会晤以及后续的持续合作中，美中两国能够携手努力，减少正在发生的冲突。
We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. 但我们这样做时，也必须牢记：当我们动用军事力量时，由于我们是如此庞大而强大的国家，必须对自己所做的事情进行反思；必须审视自身的动机和利益，确保我们并非仅仅因为没人能阻止我们就动用军事力量。这是伟大国家、大国所承担的责任——在国际社会中负责任地行动。我希望美中两国携手，能够帮助建立减少全球冲突的国际规范。
Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that -- 好的。好吗？乔恩——我要叫我的大使发言，因为我想他有一个通过我们大使馆网站征集到的问题。不过，这个问题是由我们美国记者团的一位成员挑选的，所以——
Ambassador Huntsman: That's right. And not surprisingly, "in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to use Twitter freely" -- is the question. 洪博培大使：没错。毫不意外的是，"在一个有3.5亿网民和6000万博客作者的国家，你知道防火墙吗？"第二个问题，"我们是否应当能自由使用Twitter"——就是这个问题。
President Obama: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter. I noticed that young people -- they're very busy with all these electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates new ideas. It encourages creativity. 奥巴马总统：首先，我要说我从未用过Twitter。我注意到年轻人——他们忙于摆弄各种电子产品。我的手指太笨拙，无法在手机上打字。但我深信技术，也深信信息流动的开放性。我认为信息流动越自由，社会就越强大，因为这样世界各国的公民就能监督自己的政府。他们可以开始独立思考。这会产生新的想法，激发创造力。
And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use. I'm a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet -- or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged. 因此我一直坚定支持互联网的开放使用。我坚决反对审查制度。这是我之前谈到的美国传统的一部分，我也认识到不同国家有不同的传统。我可以告诉你，在美国，我们拥有自由的互联网——或者说不受限制的互联网接入——这是一种力量之源，我认为应当予以鼓励。
Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time. 当然，我也应该告诉你们，我应该坦诚地说，作为美国总统，有时候我真希望信息不要那么自由地流动，因为那样我就不必一直听人们批评我。
I think people naturally are -- when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear. 我觉得人在掌权时自然有时会想，哦，那个人怎么能那样说我呢，那是不负责任的，或者——但事实是，正因为在美国信息是自由的，我在美国有许多批评者可以说我各种各样的事情，我实际上认为这让我们的民主更强大，也让我成为更好的领导人，因为它迫使我听到我不愿意听到的意见。
It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States. 它迫使我审视自己日常所做的事情，看看我是否真的在为美国人民做到最好。
And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation. In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. 我认为互联网已经成为一种更强大的公民参与工具。事实上，我赢得总统大选的原因之一，就是我们能够通过互联网动员像你们这样的年轻人参与进来。最初没人认为我们能赢，因为我们未必有最富有的支持者，也没有最有权势的政治掮客。
But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well. 但通过互联网，人们对我们的竞选活动感到兴奋，他们开始组织、聚集，策划竞选活动、事件和集会。这最终形成了一种自下而上的运动，让我们取得了非常好的成绩。
Now, that's not just true in -- for government and politics. It's also true for business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was -- less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist. 这不仅适用于政府和政治。它也适用于商业。想想像Google这样的公司，不到20年前，它还只是一对年纪比你大不了多少的人的想法。它当时只是一个科研项目。突然之间，因为互联网，他们得以创造出一个彻底改变全球商业的行业。所以，如果没有互联网所允许的自由和开放，Google就不会存在。
So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, the more we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together. 所以我坚决支持不限制互联网使用、互联网接入，以及其他像Twitter这样的信息技术。我们越开放，就越能沟通。这也有助于让世界更紧密地联系在一起。
Think about -- when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha -- one is 11, one is 8 -- from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about. And that's just an enormous power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about. 想想——当我想到我的女儿玛丽亚和萨莎——一个11岁，一个8岁——从她们的房间里，她们可以上网，可以"旅行"到上海。她们可以去世界上任何地方，学习她们想学的任何东西。这是一种巨大的力量。我认为，这有助于促进我们所谈到的那种理解。
Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay? 当然，正如我之前所说，技术总有其负面。它也意味着恐怖分子能够以过去无法实现的方式在互联网上组织起来。极端分子可以动员。所以开放确实需要付出某种代价，这是不可否认的。但我认为，利远远大于弊，所以保持开放更好。这也是为什么我非常高兴互联网成为今天论坛的一部分。好吗？
I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone. 我再回答两个问题。下一位应该是位先生。就在这里，对。话筒给你。
Question: First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. 提问：首先我想说，能站在这里向您提问我感到非常荣幸。我觉得自己太幸运了，而且很感谢您的演讲如此清晰，我确实不需要戴同传耳机。
And here comes my question. My name is [inaudible] from Fudan University School of Management. And I would like to ask you the question -- is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. 我的问题是。我叫[听不清]，来自复旦大学管理学院。我想问您的是——既然已经有人问过您关于诺贝尔和平奖的问题，但我不想从同样的角度提问。
I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that -- how you struggled to get it. And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success. 我想从另一个角度提问：既然获得这样一份殊荣非常不易，我们都很好奇——您是如何为之奋斗的？您的大学教育对您获得这样的奖项有什么样的帮助？我们对此非常好奇，想请您与我们分享您的校园教育经历，以便我们走上成功之路。
President Obama: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize. So I can't guarantee that. But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following. 奥巴马总统：首先，让我告诉你，我不知道有没有什么课程或学习路径能让你赢得诺贝尔和平奖。所以我不能保证。但我认为成功的秘诀，正是你们已经在践行的。
Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard. You're curious. You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom. 显然，你们所有人都在非常努力地工作、非常刻苦地学习。你们充满好奇心。你们愿意思考新想法、独立思考。要知道，我现在遇到的最令我鼓舞的成功者，是那些不仅愿意刻苦工作，还不断努力提升自我、以新的方式思考、不盲从传统智慧的人。
Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. 显然通往成功的道路有许多条，你们中有些人将进入政府服务，有些人想成为老师或教授，有些人想成为商人。
But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest. 但我认为，无论你们进入哪个领域，如果你们不断努力提升自己、永远不满足于没有尽全力，并不断提出新问题——"有没有我可以采取的不同做法？有没有别人从未想过的新方法，无论是科学、技术还是艺术领域？"——这样的人通常就是能够脱颖而出的人。
The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives. 不过我最后还有一条对我很有用的建议：我最钦佩的、最成功的人，他们不只想着自己，还想着比自己更大的事情。他们想为社会作贡献。他们想为国家、民族、城市作贡献。他们关心如何能超越自己当下的生活产生影响。
I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and -- all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition. 我觉得我们中很多人，会陷入为自己赚钱、买好车、买好房的追求中——这些东西都很重要，但真正在世界上留下印记的人，是因为他们有更大的抱负。
They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world. And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working. 他们会问：我怎样才能帮助饥饿的人吃饱？我怎样才能帮助没有受过教育的孩子学习？我怎样才能促成冲突的和平解决？我认为正是这些人最终在世界上产生了如此大的影响。我相信像你们这样的年轻人，只要继续像现在这样努力，就一定能够产生这样的影响。
All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately. We've run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here. 好吗？好的，很遗憾这将是最后一个问题了。时间过得太快了。最后一个网络问题，因为我想确保我们在场的三位优秀学生都能发言。
Question: Mr. President, it's a great honor for the last question. And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth [inaudible.] And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much. 提问：总统先生，能问最后一个问题非常荣幸。我是复旦大学的大学生，今天我也是中国青年的代表[听不清]。这个问题我想来自北京：他非常关注您的阿富汗政策，想知道恐怖主义是否仍是美国最大的安全关切？您如何评估在阿富汗的军事行动，它是否会演变成另一场伊拉克战争？非常感谢。
President Obama: I think that's an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. 奥巴马总统：我认为这是一个很好的问题。首先，我仍然相信，对美国安全最大的威胁是像基地组织这样的恐怖网络。原因是，尽管他们人数不多，但他们已经表明，在毁灭无辜平民方面他们毫无良知。
And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat. 由于当今的技术，如果这样的组织掌握了大规模杀伤性武器——核武器、化学武器或生物武器——并在某座城市使用，无论是在上海还是纽约，仅仅几个人就有可能杀死数万人，甚至数十万人。所以它确实构成了非同寻常的威胁。
Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks. 我们最初进入阿富汗的原因，是因为基地组织当时在阿富汗，受到塔利班的庇护。他们现在已越过阿富汗边境，进入了巴基斯坦，但他们仍与该地区的其他极端组织保持网络联系。我确实认为，我们必须稳定阿富汗局势，让阿富汗人民能够保护自己，同时也能成为削弱这些极端组织力量的合作伙伴。
Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing -- one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavy heart. 显然，这是一件非常艰难的事——我工作中最难的事情之一，就是下令让年轻男女走上战场。我经常不得不与阵亡者的父母见面，与那些再也不能回家的人的家人见面。这是我肩上沉重的负担，让我心情沉重。
Fortunately, our Armed Services is -- the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go. And I think that it is possible -- working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia -- to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left. 幸运的是，我们的军队——参与的年轻男女——他们对为国服役有着如此坚定的信念，所以愿意前往。我认为这是可能的——与我们在北约的盟友以及澳大利亚等贡献国组成更广泛的联盟——帮助训练阿富汗人，使其拥有一个正常运作的政府和自己的安全部队，然后我们可以慢慢撤军，因为塔利班离开后留下的真空已不复存在。
But it's a difficult task. It's not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers. 但这是一项艰巨的任务。并不容易。最终我认为，要击败这些恐怖极端分子，重要的是要理解这不仅仅是军事行动。我们还必须思考：是什么驱使年轻人成为恐怖分子，他们为什么会成为自杀式炸弹袭击者。
And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option. 虽然显然有许多不同的原因，包括我认为宗教的扭曲——认为这种暴力行为是合理的——但在巴基斯坦和阿富汗等地发生的部分情况是：这些年轻人没有受过教育，没有机会，因此看不到生活中前进的道路，这导致他们认为这是自己唯一的选择。
And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay? 因此，我们想在阿富汗做的部分工作，是寻找方法培训教师、建立学校、改善农业，让人们拥有更大的希望。这不会改变像本·拉登那样意识形态根深蒂固、一心想打击西方的人的想法，但它会改变他们可以招募的年轻人群体。随着时间的推移，这至少与我们能采取的任何军事行动同等重要，甚至更为重要。好吗？
All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you. First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English. Clearly you've been studying very hard. And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations. 好的，我度过了一段非常愉快的时光。我非常感谢大家。首先，我要说你们的英语水平让我印象深刻。显然你们一直非常刻苦。能与你们所有人见面，我认为让我对美中关系的未来充满了希望。
I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world. 我希望你们中许多人有机会来美国旅行访问。你们会受到欢迎。我想你们会发现，美国人民对中国人民怀有非常友好的感情。我非常有信心，有了像你们这样的年轻人以及我在美国所了解的年轻人，我们两个伟大的国家将继续繁荣，并帮助带来一个更和平、更安全的世界。
So thank you very much everybody. 非常感谢大家。
Thank you. 谢谢。