President, esteemed faculty, proud parents, devoted friends, squirming siblings — but especially Class of 2018: Congratulations — you made it! It wasn’t always easy. You plowed through four years of problem sets. You conquered the snow of 2015. You survived way too many Weekly Wednesdays at the Muddy Charles and learned this important life lesson: There’s no such thing as a free chicken wing. 校长先生、尊敬的教师们、骄傲的父母们、热心的朋友们、坐不住的兄弟姐妹们，尤其是2018届毕业生们：祝贺你们，你们做到了！这一路并不总是轻松。你们熬过了四年的习题，战胜了2015年的大雪，参加了太多次泥泞查尔斯酒吧的“周三例会”，还学到一条重要的人生道理：世上没有免费的鸡翅。
Today you are graduates of one of the most revered technical institutions in the world. The Harvard people tried to get me to say “most revered institution within a 2-mile radius.” I said no, but you’re soon going to find out just how persistent alumni associations can be. Just ask the class of ’68. They’ve been to more fundraisers than you’ve eaten chicken wings. 今天，你们从世界上最受尊敬的理工学府之一毕业。哈佛的人想让我说，它是“两英里范围内最受尊敬的学府”。我拒绝了。不过你们很快就会发现，校友会有多锲而不舍。去问问1968届的校友吧：他们参加过的募款活动，比你们吃过的鸡翅还多。
One thing I remember from graduation is that feeling of turning one corner — and not being able to see clearly around the next. For someone like me who, yes, very annoyingly, started studying for finals the first day of the semester, that was unsettling. Graduation was the first time in my life where the steps were not clearly laid out. I remember the feeling of excitement and possibility, mixed in with just a teeny amount of crushing uncertainty. 我记得毕业时的一种感觉：转过一个街角，却看不清下一个街角有什么。像我这样的人——没错，很招人烦，学期第一天就开始准备期末考试——会为此感到不安。毕业是我人生中第一次，接下来的步骤不再清清楚楚地摆在面前。我记得那份兴奋和对未来的期待，其中还掺着那么一点点沉重得让人喘不过气的不确定感。
If you know exactly what you’re going to do for your career, raise your hand. There are always some. That is impressive. I did not. I didn’t know where I would fit in best or contribute most. These days, when I need advice, I turn to Mark Zuckerberg, but back then, he was in elementary school. 如果你确切知道自己将来要从事什么职业，请举手。总有一些人知道，真令人佩服。我当时不知道。我不知道哪里最适合自己，也不知道在哪里能作出最大的贡献。如今需要建议时，我会去找马克·扎克伯格；但那时，他还在上小学。
I was sure of only one thing: I didn’t want to go into business. And it never even occurred to me to go into technology. I guess that’s a warning for those of you who put your hands up. Certainty is one of the great privileges of youth. 我只确定一件事：我不想从商。我甚至从没想过进入科技行业。我想，这对刚才举手的人是个提醒。确信自己知道答案，是年轻人的一大特权。
Things won’t always end up as you think. But you will gain such valuable lessons along life’s uncertain path. And the lesson I want to share with you today is one I learned in my very first job out of college — working on a leprosy treatment program in India. 事情不会总按你设想的发展。但在人生充满不确定性的道路上，你们会学到极其宝贵的东西。今天我想与你们分享的一课，就来自我大学毕业后的第一份工作：在印度参与麻风病治疗项目。
Since biblical times, leprosy patients were ostracized from their community to prevent the disease from spreading. By the time I graduated from college, the technical challenges had been solved. Doctors could easily diagnose leprosy — it shows up as skin patches on your chest — and medicine could easily treat the disease. But the stigma remained — so patients hid their disease instead of seeking care. I will never forget meeting patients for the first time and extending my arm, and watching them recoil because they were not used to even being touched. 自圣经时代起，麻风病患者就被社区排斥，以防疾病传播。到我大学毕业时，技术难题已经解决：医生很容易诊断麻风病——患者胸部会出现皮肤斑块——药物也很容易治疗这种病。然而污名依旧存在，患者因此隐瞒病情，而不去寻求医治。我永远忘不了第一次见到患者、伸出手臂时，他们向后退缩的样子；他们甚至不习惯被人触碰。
The real breakthrough didn’t come from technicians or doctors, but from local community leaders. They knew that they had to erase the stigma before they could erase the disease — so they wrote plays and songs in local languages and went around the community encouraging people to come forward without fear. They understood that the most difficult problems and the greatest opportunities we have are not technical. They are human. In other words, it’s not just about technology. It’s about people. 真正的突破并非来自技术人员或医生，而是来自当地社区领袖。他们明白，要消除疾病，必须先消除污名，于是用当地语言编写戏剧和歌曲，走遍社区，鼓励人们不要害怕，主动站出来。他们懂得，我们面对的最棘手问题和最大的机会，并非技术性的，而是与人有关。换句话说，关键不只是技术，还有人。
This is a lesson you’ve learned here at MIT — and not just those of you graduating with technical degrees, but those who studied anything from urban planning to management, or Course 11 or Course 15 in MIT speak. You know that it’s people who build technology — and people who use it to make their lives better. To get educated. To get health care. To share an infinite number of cat videos that are all unique and totally adorable. Unless you’re a dog person. 你们在麻省理工学院也学过这一课。学到它的不只是获得技术学位的人，也包括学习城市规划、管理学，或者用麻省理工学院的说法，学习第11或第15课程的人。你们知道，技术由人创造，也由人用来改善生活：接受教育、获得医疗服务，或者分享无数各不相同又可爱极了的猫咪视频。当然，如果你更喜欢狗，那就另说。
Today, anyone with an internet connection can inspire millions with a single sentence or a single image. That gives extraordinary power to those who use it to do good — to march for equality; to reignite the movement against sexual harassment; to rally around the things they care about and the people they want to be there for. 今天，任何能上网的人，都可以凭一句话或一张图片激励数百万人。这赋予那些行善的人非凡的力量：为平等走上街头，重新推动反性骚扰运动，围绕自己关心的事业和希望支持的人凝聚力量。
But it also empowers those who would seek to do harm. When everyone has a voice, some raise their voices in hatred. When everyone can share, some share lies. And when everyone can organize, some organize against the things we value the most. 但网络也赋予存心伤害他人的人力量。当人人都能发声，有些人便高声散播仇恨；当人人都能分享，有些人便传播谎言；当人人都能组织起来，有些人便组织力量反对我们最珍视的事物。
Journalist Anne O’Hare McCormick wrote about the impact of new technology. She said we had created the ultimate democracy, where anything said by anyone could be heard by everyone. But she worried. She worried whether it provoked partisanship or tolerance, whether it was time wasted or time well-spent. She wondered if it explained “all the furious fence-building, the fanned-up nationalisms, and the angers and neuroses of our time.” She wrote this in 1932 — about the radio. And by the way, she was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for journalism. 记者安妮·奥黑尔·麦考密克曾谈到新技术的影响。她说，我们创造了一种终极民主：任何人说的任何话，都可能被所有人听见。但她也忧心忡忡：它究竟会激起党派对立还是宽容？会浪费时间，还是让时间得到善用？她还问，这是否能解释“我们这个时代所有疯狂筑起的壁垒、被煽动的民族主义，以及愤怒与焦虑”。她写下这些话是在1932年，谈论的是收音机。顺便说一句，她是第一位获得普利策新闻奖的女性。
The fact that the challenges we face are not new does not make them less pressing. Like the generations before us, we have to solve the problems that our technology brings. I believe there are three ways we can deal with these challenges. We can retreat in fear. We can barrel ahead with a single-minded belief in our technology. Or we can fight like hell to do all the good we can, knowing that what we build will be used by people — and people are capable of great beauty and great cruelty. 我们面临的挑战并非新事物，但这丝毫不减轻它们的紧迫性。和前人一样，我们必须解决技术带来的问题。我认为，我们有三种应对方式：因恐惧而退缩；一门心思相信自己的技术，埋头向前冲；或者明白我们创造的东西终究会由人使用，而人既能创造极大的美，也能施加极大的残酷，因此拼尽全力多做善事。
I encourage you today to choose the third option — to be clear-eyed optimists. To see that building technology that supports equality, democracy, truth, and kindness means looking around corners and throwing up every possible roadblock against hate and violence and deception. You might be thinking, given some of the issues Facebook has had, isn’t what I’m saying hitting pretty close to home? Yes. It is. 今天，我鼓励你们选择第三条路：做头脑清醒的乐观主义者。要明白，创造支持平等、民主、真相和善意的技术，就必须预见转角后的风险，竭尽所能为仇恨、暴力和欺骗设置障碍。想到脸书经历的一些问题，你们也许会问，我这番话不是正说中了自己吗？是的，正是如此。
I am proud of what Facebook has done around the world — proud of the connections that have been created. Proud of how people use Facebook to organize for democracy, for the Women’s March, for Black Lives Matter. Proud of how people use Facebook to start and grow businesses and create jobs all around the world. 我为脸书在世界各地所做的事感到自豪，为它建立起的人与人之间的联系感到自豪。我为人们利用脸书推动民主、组织妇女大游行、支持“黑人的命也是命”运动感到自豪；也为人们利用脸书在世界各地创办并发展企业、创造就业机会感到自豪。
But at Facebook, we didn’t see all the risks coming. And we didn’t do enough to stop them. It’s painful when you miss something — when you make the mistake of believing so much in the good you are seeing that you don’t see the bad. It’s hard when you know you let people down. 但在脸书，我们没有预见到所有风险，也没有采取足够措施阻止它们。当你漏看了某些事，当你太相信自己眼前看到的益处，以致忽视了坏处，犯下这样的错误会令人痛苦。知道自己辜负了人们，也很难受。
In the middle of one of my toughest moments, Michael Miller, the former superintendent of the Naval Academy, kindly reached out to remind me that smooth seas never make good sailors. He’s right. The times in my life when I have learned the most have definitely been the hardest. That’s when you will learn the most about yourself. You can almost feel yourself growing — you can feel the growing pains. 在我最艰难的一段时期，曾任美国海军学院院长的迈克尔·米勒好心联系我，提醒我：平静的海面造就不了优秀的水手。他说得对。我一生中学到最多东西的时候，恰恰是最艰难的时候。那也是你们最能了解自己的时候。你几乎能感觉到自己在成长，也能感觉到成长的疼痛。
When you own your mistakes, you can work harder to correct them — and even harder to prevent the next ones. That’s my job now. It won’t be easy, and it’s not going to be fast. But we will see it through. 当你承认自己的错误，就能更努力地纠正它们，并更加努力地防止下一次犯错。现在，这就是我的工作。这不会容易，也不会很快完成，但我们会坚持到底。
Yet the larger challenge is one all of us here must face. The role of technology in our lives is growing — and that means our relationship with technology is changing. We have to change too. We have to recognize the full weight of our responsibilities. It’s not enough to be technologists — we have to make sure that technology serves people. 然而，还有一个更大的挑战，必须由在场所有人共同面对。技术在我们生活中的作用越来越大，这意味着我们与技术的关系正在改变。我们也必须改变。我们必须充分认识自己肩负的责任。仅仅成为技术人员还不够，我们必须确保技术服务于人。
It’s not enough or even possible to be neutral — tools are shaped by the minds that make them and by the hands that use them. And it’s not enough to have a good idea — you have to know when to stop a bad one. 保持中立既不够，也不可能，因为工具会受到创造它的思想和使用它的双手塑造。仅有一个好点子也不够，你还必须知道何时叫停一个坏点子。
This is hard because technology changes faster than society. When I was in college, no one had a cell phone. Today there are more cell phones than people on Earth. We are in one of the most remarkable moments in human history — and you will not just live through it, you will shape it. 这很难，因为技术变化的速度超过了社会。我上大学时，没有人有手机。如今，世界上的手机比人还多。我们正处在人类历史上一个非凡的时刻；你们不只会经历这个时代，还将塑造它。
Many of you will work on technologies that will change the world. You will connect the rest of the world, create new jobs and disrupt old ones, give machines new powers to think, and give us the means to communicate in ways we haven’t even thought of. 你们中的许多人将参与研发改变世界的技术。你们会把世界上尚未联网的人连接起来，创造新工作并颠覆旧工作，赋予机器新的思考能力，还会让我们能够以目前想象不到的方式交流。
We are not passive observers of these changes. We can’t be. Trends do not just happen — they are the result of choices people make. We are not indifferent creators — we have a duty of care. And even when with the best of intentions you go astray — as many of us have — you have the responsibility to course correct. We are accountable — to the people who use what we build, to our colleagues, to ourselves, and to our values. 我们不是这些变化的被动旁观者，也不能是。趋势不会自行出现，而是人们作出选择的结果。我们不是漠不关心的创造者；我们负有审慎照顾他人的责任。即使你怀着最好的意图却走错了路——我们许多人都有过这样的经历——你也有责任修正方向。我们要向使用我们产品的人、同事、自己以及自己的价值观负责。
So if you’re thinking about joining a team, an NGO, a startup or a company — ask if they are doing good for the world. Research at that other school down the river shows that we become more creative when we ask “Could we?” And we become more ethical when we ask “Should we?” So ask both. Know that you have an obligation to never shy away from doing the right thing, because the fight to ensure that tech is used for good is never over. 因此，如果你考虑加入一个团队、非政府组织、初创企业或公司，就要问问他们是否在为世界做好事。河下游那所学校的研究表明，问“我们能做到吗？”会让我们更有创造力；问“我们应该做吗？”则会让我们更重视伦理。所以两个问题都要问。要知道，你们有义务永远不逃避做正确的事，因为确保技术被用于行善的努力永远不会结束。
To make sure that technology reflects and upholds the right values, we have to build with awareness. And the best way to be more aware is to have more people in the room with different voices and different views. There are still skeptics out there when it comes to the value of diversity. They dismiss it as something we do to feel better, not to be better. They’re wrong. 要让技术体现并维护正确的价值观，我们就必须在创造时保持觉察。提高觉察的最好办法，是让更多持有不同声音、不同观点的人参与进来。仍有人怀疑多样性的价值，认为这样做只是为了让自己感觉更好，而非真正做得更好。他们错了。
We cannot build technology for equality and democracy unless we have and we harness diversity in its creation. More people with more diverse backgrounds are working in technology than ever before — and graduating in your class than ever before. But our industry is still lagging MIT. 如果在技术的创造过程中没有多样性，也不善用多样性，我们就无法创造服务于平等和民主的技术。如今进入科技行业、从你们这一届毕业的不同背景的人，比以往任何时候都多。但整个行业在这方面仍落后于麻省理工学院。
Even the newest technology can contain the oldest prejudices. Our lack of diversity is at the root of some of the things we fail to see and prevent. It is up to all of us to fix that — people like me, and people like you; everyone graduating today and all the graduates to come. 即便是最新的技术，也可能包含最古老的偏见。缺乏多样性，是我们没能发现并预防一些问题的根源。解决它要靠我们所有人：像我这样的人，像你们这样的人，今天毕业的每个人，以及未来的毕业生。
So continue the example you have lived at MIT. Continue to engage with people outside your discipline, your gender, your race. Talk with people who grew up in different places, who believe different things, who live and worship differently than you do. Talk with them, listen to them, get their perspectives, as you have done here — and encourage them to work in and with technology too. 所以，请继续保持你们在麻省理工学院践行的做法。继续与学科、性别、种族不同的人交往。与成长于不同地方、抱有不同信念、生活方式和宗教实践与你不同的人交谈。像在这里一样，与他们交流，倾听他们，了解他们的视角，并鼓励他们也投身技术领域、与技术领域合作。
To all the current and future educators here today, let’s reform our educational system so we give everyone the opportunity to learn to code. This is a basic language now that needs to be taught in all of our schools so that more people have a choice. When some kids learn it and some kids don’t, that creates an unequal playing field long before people go into the workforce. 我想对今天在场的现任和未来教育工作者说：让我们改革教育体系，使每个人都有机会学习编程。编程如今是一门基础语言，应当在所有学校教授，让更多人拥有选择。如果有些孩子学得到，有些孩子却学不到，那么他们还没进入职场，竞争环境就已经不平等了。
And to all the future leaders in tech —that’s you — know that you have a chance to right wrongs, not reinforce them. Tech institutions can be some of the strongest voices for progress in the workplace — but we can always do better. 我也想对未来的科技领袖说——说的就是你们：你们有机会纠正错误，而不是让错误延续。科技机构可以成为推动职场进步的最有力声音之一，但我们始终还能做得更好。
Encourage your employers and policymakers to ensure that everyone — and that includes contractors — earns a living wage. Fight for paid family leave — with equal time for all genders — because equality in the workplace will not happen until we have equality in the home and because no one should be forced to choose between the job they need and the family they love. Give people bereavement leave — because when tragedy strikes, we need to be there for each other. 请推动雇主和决策者确保每个人——包括合同工——都能获得足以维生的工资。争取带薪家事假，而且所有性别享有同等时长；因为如果家庭中没有平等，职场中也不会有平等，任何人都不应被迫在赖以谋生的工作和深爱的家人之间作选择。也请为员工争取丧亲假，因为悲剧降临时，我们需要彼此扶持。
And build workplaces where everyone — everyone — is treated with respect. We need to stop harassment and hold both perpetrators and enablers accountable. And we need to make a personal commitment to stop racism and sexism, including the expressions of bias that become commonplace and accepted instead of rejected and fought. 还要建设让每个人——每一个人——都受到尊重的工作场所。我们必须制止骚扰，并追究施害者和纵容者的责任。我们也必须亲自承诺制止种族主义和性别歧视，包括那些已变得司空见惯、被人接受，而没有遭到拒绝和抵制的偏见表达。
I want you to know that you can impact the workplace from the very day you enter it. A few months ago, LeanIn.org surveyed people to understand how the #metoo movement was influencing work. After so many brave women spoke out, we found evidence of an unintended backlash: Almost half of male managers in the U.S. are now uncomfortable having a work meeting alone with a woman — and more uncomfortable having a work dinner with a female colleague. These are the informal moments where men have long gotten more mentoring than women, and now it looks like it could get worse. 我想让你们知道，从进入职场的第一天起，你们就能产生影响。几个月前，倡导女性发展的机构 LeanIn.org 开展调查，了解“我也是”运动如何影响职场。许多勇敢的女性站出来发声后，我们发现了一种意想不到的反弹：如今美国将近一半的男性经理不愿与一位女性单独开工作会议，更不愿与一位女性同事共进工作晚餐。过去，男性正是在这些非正式场合获得了比女性更多的指导；现在情况看来可能更糟。
For the men here: Someone might pull you aside your first week at work and say “never be alone with a woman.” You know they’re wrong. You know how to work respectfully with all people. So give them advice instead. Tell them that they have the responsibility to make access equal — and if they don’t feel comfortable having dinner with women, they shouldn’t have dinner with men. Group lunches for everyone. 在场的男士们：你们工作的第一周，也许有人把你拉到一旁，说“永远不要和女性单独相处”。你知道他们错了，也知道如何尊重所有人并与之共事。那就反过来给他们提建议。告诉他们，他们有责任让每个人获得平等的机会；如果他们不愿和女性一起吃晚饭，那也不该和男性一起吃。让大家都一起参加集体午餐。
In one of my early jobs, I had a boss who treated me quite differently from my two male team members — and not in a good way. He spoke to them with kindness and respect but belittled me very publicly. I tried to talk to him, but it made it worse. My two male teammates — right out of school themselves — stepped up and it stopped. Even if you’re the most junior person in the room, you have power. Use it. And use it well. 我早年的一份工作中，有位上司对待我的方式与对待两位男性同事截然不同，而且绝非好事。他对他们和气、尊重，却当众贬低我。我试着和他谈，情况反而更糟。那两位同样刚走出校门的男同事挺身而出，事情才停了下来。即使你是屋里资历最浅的人，也拥有力量。请运用它，而且要用好。
Class of 2018, it is not the technology you build that will define you. It is the teams you build — and what people do with your technology. We have to get this right because we need technology to solve our greatest challenges. When I sat where you are sitting today, I never thought I would work in technology. But somewhere along that uncertain path I learned new lessons and became a technologist. 2018届毕业生，定义你们的不会是你们创造了什么技术，而是你们建立了什么样的团队，以及人们如何使用你们的技术。我们必须把这件事做好，因为我们需要技术来解决最严峻的挑战。当年我坐在你们今天坐的位置时，从未想过自己会进入科技行业。但在那条充满不确定性的路上，我学到了新东西，最终成为一名技术工作者。
And technologists have always been optimists. We’re optimists because we have to be. If you want to do something that’s never been done before, so many people will tell you it can’t be done. Graduates of this amazing university have helped sequence the human genome, paved the way for the treatment of AIDS — and made an MIT balloon appear in the middle of the Harvard-Yale game. 而技术工作者向来是乐观主义者。我们必须乐观。如果你想完成一件前所未有的事，很多人都会告诉你那不可能。这所卓越大学的毕业生帮助完成了人类基因组测序，为艾滋病治疗铺平道路，还让一个麻省理工学院气球出现在哈佛与耶鲁的比赛中央。
We’re optimists because we run the numbers. Our world can feel polarized and dangerous — but in many critical ways, we are so much better off. A century ago, global life expectancy was 35 — for 2 billion people. Today it is 70 — for 7 billion. When I graduated from college, one in three people lived in extreme poverty. Today it is one in 10. It’s still way too high, but we have made more progress in our lifetimes than in the rest of human history. 我们乐观，是因为我们会看数据。世界有时显得分裂而危险，但在许多关键方面，我们的处境已大为改善。一百年前，全球二十亿人的预期寿命是三十五岁；如今，七十亿人的预期寿命是七十岁。我大学毕业时，三个人中就有一个生活在极端贫困中；如今是十个人中有一个。这个比例仍然太高，但我们有生之年取得的进步，比人类历史其余时期取得的还要多。
Our challenge now is to be clear-eyed optimists, or to paraphrase President Kennedy, optimists without illusions. To build technology that improves lives and gives voice to those who often have none while preventing misuse. To build teams that better reflect the world around us — with all its complexity and diversity. If we succeed — and we can and will succeed — we can build technology that better serves not just some of us, but all of us. 现在的挑战是成为头脑清醒的乐观主义者，或者借用肯尼迪总统的话说，成为不抱幻想的乐观主义者。我们要创造改善生活、让常常无声的人能够发声的技术，同时防止技术被滥用；要建立更能反映周围世界复杂性与多样性的团队。如果我们成功——而我们能够并且一定会成功——就能创造更好地服务于所有人、而非只服务于部分人的技术。
MIT graduate and former faculty member David Baltimore won a Nobel Prize for his work on the interaction between viruses and the genetic material of the cell. But before that, he helped bring biologists, lawyers, and physicians together to debate new gene-editing technology. They were worried that it had the potential to cause more harm than good. But they concluded that the opportunities for progress were too great — so they created ethical guidelines and continued the research. 麻省理工学院毕业生、前教师戴维·巴尔的摩，因研究病毒与细胞遗传物质的相互作用而获得诺贝尔奖。但在那之前，他促成生物学家、律师和医生齐聚一堂，讨论新的基因编辑技术。他们担心，这项技术可能弊大于利。但他们得出结论：取得进步的机会太重要，因此制定了伦理准则，并继续开展研究。
That decision led to some of the greatest advances in genetic science and medicine. It also set a standard that we as technologists can follow: Seek advice from people with different perspectives, look deeply at the risks as well as the benefits of new technology — and if those risks can be managed, keep going even in the face of uncertainty. 这一决定带来了遗传科学和医学领域一些最重大的进展，也为我们这些技术工作者树立了可以遵循的标准：征询不同视角的人的意见，深入审视新技术的风险和益处；如果风险能够得到控制，即使面对不确定性，也要继续前行。
Class of 2018, you are now graduates of one of the most forward-thinking places on Earth. You will have tremendous opportunities and you will be highly sought after. You will use what you learned here to work on some of the most critical questions we face. I hope you use your influence to make sure technology is a force for good in the world. Technology needs a human heartbeat; the things that bring us together and the things that bring us joy are the things that matter the most. 2018届毕业生，你们如今从地球上最具前瞻性的地方之一毕业。你们会拥有巨大的机会，也会受到热切欢迎。你们将运用在这里学到的知识，研究我们面临的一些最关键的问题。我希望你们运用自己的影响力，确保技术成为世界上的一股善的力量。技术需要人的心跳；让我们相聚、让我们快乐的事物，才是最重要的。
The future is now in your hands. Congratulations! 未来如今掌握在你们手中。祝贺你们！