Good morning, everybody. 大家早上好。
Yesterday, Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 took off from Amsterdam and was shot down over Ukraine near the Russian border. Nearly 300 innocent lives were taken -- men, women, children, infants -- who had nothing to do with the crisis in Ukraine. Their deaths are an outrage of unspeakable proportions. 昨天，马来西亚航空公司的MH17航班从阿姆斯特丹起飞，在乌克兰靠近俄罗斯边境的地区被击落。近三百名无辜者失去了生命，包括男人、女人、儿童和婴儿；他们与乌克兰危机毫无关系。他们的死亡令人震惊和愤慨，程度难以言表。
We know at least one American citizen, Quinn Lucas Schansman, was killed. Our thoughts and prayers are with his family for this terrible loss. 我们知道，至少有一名美国公民遇难，他叫奎因·卢卡斯·斯汉斯曼。我们为他的家人遭受的惨痛损失祈祷，心与他们同在。
Yesterday, I spoke with the leaders of Ukraine, Malaysia, and the Netherlands. I told them that our thoughts and prayers are with all the families and that the American people stand with them during this difficult time. Later today, I’ll be speaking to Prime Minister Abbott of Australia, which also suffered a terrible loss. 昨天，我与乌克兰、马来西亚和荷兰的领导人通了话。我告诉他们，我们牵挂所有遇难者家属，美国人民在这艰难时刻与他们站在一起。今天晚些时候，我还将与同样蒙受重大损失的澳大利亚总理阿博特通话。
By far, the country that lost the most people on board the plane was the Netherlands. From the days of our founding, the Dutch have been close friends and stalwart allies of the United States of America. And today, I want the Dutch people to know that we stand with you, shoulder to shoulder, in our grief and in our absolute determination to get to the bottom of what happened. 机上遇难者最多的国家是荷兰。自美国建国之初，荷兰人民就是我们的亲密朋友和坚定盟友。今天，我要让荷兰人民知道：我们与你们并肩承受悲痛，也将与你们并肩坚持查明事件真相。
Here’s what we know so far. Evidence indicates that the plane was shot down by a surface-to-air missile that was launched from an area that is controlled by Russian-backed separatists inside of Ukraine. We also know that this is not the first time a plane has been shot down in eastern Ukraine. Over the last several weeks, Russian-backed separatists have shot down a Ukrainian transport plane and a Ukrainian helicopter, and they claimed responsibility for shooting down a Ukrainian fighter jet. Moreover, we know that these separatists have received a steady flow of support from Russia. 以下是我们目前所知的情况。证据表明，这架飞机被一枚地对空导弹击落，导弹从乌克兰境内亲俄分离主义分子控制的地区发射。我们还知道，这并非乌克兰东部首次发生飞机被击落事件。过去几个星期，受俄罗斯支持的分离主义分子击落了一架乌克兰运输机和一架直升机，并声称击落了一架乌克兰战斗机。此外，我们知道这些分离主义分子一直得到俄罗斯源源不断的支持。
This includes arms and training. It includes heavy weapons, and it includes anti-aircraft weapons. 这种支持包括武器和训练，包括重型武器，也包括防空武器。
Here’s what must happen now. This was a global tragedy. An Asian airliner was destroyed in European skies, filled with citizens from many countries. So there has to be a credible international investigation into what happened. The U.N. Security Council has endorsed this investigation, and we will hold all its members -- including Russia -- to their word. In order to facilitate that investigation, Russia, pro-Russian separatists, and Ukraine must adhere to an immediate cease-fire. Evidence must not be tampered with. Investigators need to access the crash site. 现在必须采取以下行动。这是一场全球性的悲剧：一架亚洲航空公司的客机在欧洲上空被摧毁，机上有许多国家的公民。因此，必须对事件展开可信的国际调查。联合国安理会已经支持这一调查，我们将要求包括俄罗斯在内的所有安理会成员履行承诺。为便于调查，俄罗斯、亲俄分离主义分子和乌克兰必须立即遵守停火。证据不得遭到篡改。调查人员必须能够进入坠机现场。
And the solemn task of returning those who were lost on board the plane to their loved ones needs to go forward immediately. 同时，必须立即着手这一庄严的工作：将机上遇难者送还给他们的亲人。
The United States stands ready to provide any assistance that is necessary. We’ve already offered the support of the FBI and the National Transportation Safety Board, which has experience in working with international partners on these types of investigations. They are on their way, personnel from the FBI and the National Transportation Safety Board. 美国随时准备提供一切必要援助。我们已经提出由联邦调查局和国家运输安全委员会提供支持；国家运输安全委员会具有与国际伙伴合作开展此类调查的经验。两机构的人员正在前往当地。
In the coming hours and days, I’ll continue to be in close contact with leaders from around the world as we respond to this catastrophe. Our immediate focus will be on recovering those who were lost, investigating exactly what happened, and putting forward the facts. 在接下来的几小时和几天里，我会继续与世界各地领导人保持密切联系，共同应对这场灾难。我们的当务之急是找回遇难者，准确调查事发经过，并公布事实。
I want to point out there will likely be misinformation as well. I think it's very important for folks to sift through what is factually based and what is simply speculation. No one can deny the truth that is revealed in the awful images that we all have seen. And the eyes of the world are on eastern Ukraine, and we are going to make sure that the truth is out. 我还要指出，虚假信息很可能随之出现。人们必须分清哪些说法有事实依据，哪些仅仅是猜测。我们都看到了那些可怕的画面，其中呈现的事实不容否认。全世界都在注视乌克兰东部，我们将确保真相公之于众。
More broadly, I think it's important for us to recognize that this outrageous event underscores that it is time for peace and security to be restored in Ukraine. For months, we’ve supported a pathway to peace, and the Ukrainian government has reached out to all Ukrainians, put forward a peace plan, and lived up to a cease-fire, despite repeated violations by the separatists -- violations that took the lives of Ukrainian soldiers and personnel. 从更广的角度看，我们必须认识到，这起骇人事件再次表明，现在是恢复乌克兰和平与安全的时候了。几个月来，我们一直支持通向和平的道路。乌克兰政府已经向所有乌克兰人伸出援手，提出和平计划，并遵守停火协议，尽管分离主义分子屡次违反停火，造成乌克兰军人和工作人员死亡。
Moreover, time and again, Russia has refused to take the concrete steps necessary to deescalate the situation. I spoke to President Putin yesterday in the wake of additional sanctions that we had imposed. He said he wasn’t happy with them, and I told him that we have been very clear from the outset that we want Russia to take the path that would result in peace in Ukraine, but so far at least, Russia has failed to take that path. Instead, it has continued to violate Ukrainian sovereignty and to support violent separatists. 此外，俄罗斯一再拒绝采取缓和局势所必需的具体措施。昨天，在我们追加制裁后，我与普京总统通了话。他说他对制裁不满。我告诉他，我们从一开始就明确表示，希望俄罗斯选择能为乌克兰带来和平的道路。但至少到目前为止，俄罗斯没有这样做，反而继续侵犯乌克兰主权，支持暴力分离主义分子。
It has also failed to use its influence to press the separatists to abide by a cease-fire. That’s why, together with our allies, we’ve imposed growing costs on Russia. 俄罗斯也没有利用自身影响力促使分离主义分子遵守停火。因此，我们与盟友一道，让俄罗斯为其行为付出越来越大的代价。
So now is, I think, a somber and appropriate time for all of us to step back and take a hard look at what has happened. Violence and conflict inevitably lead to unforeseen consequences. Russia, these separatists, and Ukraine all have the capacity to put an end to the fighting. 此刻气氛沉重，也正适合我们退一步，认真审视已经发生的一切。暴力和冲突不可避免地会带来意料之外的后果。俄罗斯、这些分离主义分子和乌克兰都有能力结束战斗。
Meanwhile, the United States is going to continue to lead efforts within the world community to de-escalate the situation; to stand up for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine; and to support the people of Ukraine as they courageously work to strengthen their democracy and make their own decisions about how they should move forward. 与此同时，美国将继续领导国际社会的努力，推动局势缓和；捍卫乌克兰的主权和领土完整；支持乌克兰人民勇敢地巩固民主，并自主决定未来的道路。
Before I take just a couple of questions let me remark on one other issue. This morning, I spoke with Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel about the situation in Gaza. We discussed Israel’s military operation in Gaza, including its efforts to stop the threat of terrorist infiltration through tunnels into Israel. I reaffirmed my strong support for Israel’s right to defend itself. No nation should accept rockets being fired into its borders, or terrorists tunneling into its territory. In fact, while I was having the conversation with Prime Minister Netanyahu, sirens went off in Tel Aviv. 在回答几个问题之前，我还想谈另一件事。今天早上，我与以色列总理内塔尼亚胡讨论了加沙局势。我们谈到以色列在加沙的军事行动，包括阻止恐怖分子通过地道渗入以色列的努力。我再次坚定支持以色列的自卫权。任何国家都不应容忍火箭弹射入自己的领土，或恐怖分子挖地道进入境内。事实上，就在我与内塔尼亚胡总理通话时，特拉维夫响起了警报。
I also made clear that the United States, and our friends and allies, are deeply concerned about the risks of further escalation and the loss of more innocent life. 我也明确表示，美国及我们的朋友和盟友对局势进一步升级、更多无辜生命丧失的风险深感关切。
And that’s why we’ve indicated, although we support military efforts by the Israelis to make sure that rockets are not being fired into their territory, we also have said that our understanding is the current military ground operations are designed to deal with the tunnels, and we are hopeful that Israel will continue to approach this process in a way that minimizes civilian casualties and that all of us are working hard to return to the cease-fire that was reached in November of 2012. 因此，我们已经表明：虽然我们支持以色列采取军事行动，确保火箭弹不再射入其领土，但据我们了解，当前的地面行动旨在处理地道问题。我们希望以色列继续以尽量减少平民伤亡的方式开展行动；我们所有人都在努力恢复二〇一二年十一月达成的停火。
Secretary Kerry is working to support Egypt’s initiative to pursue that outcome. I told Prime Minister Netanyahu that John is prepared to travel to the region following additional consultations. 克里国务卿正在支持埃及为实现这一目标提出的倡议。我告诉内塔尼亚胡总理，在进一步磋商后，约翰已准备好前往该地区。
Let me close by making one additional comment. On board Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17, there were apparently nearly 100 researchers and advocates traveling to an international conference in Australia dedicated to combating AIDS/HIV. These were men and women who had dedicated their own lives to saving the lives of others and they were taken from us in a senseless act of violence. 最后我还想说一点。据了解，MH17航班上有近一百名研究人员和倡导者，正前往澳大利亚参加一场致力于抗击艾滋病的国际会议。他们毕生致力于拯救他人生命，却因毫无意义的暴力行为离开了我们。
In this world today, we shouldn’t forget that in the midst of conflict and killing, there are people like these -- people who are focused on what can be built rather than what can be destroyed; people who are focused on how they can help people that they’ve never met; people who define themselves not by what makes them different from other people but by the humanity that we hold in common. It’s important for us to lift them up and to affirm their lives. And it’s time for us to heed their example. 在今天的世界，我们不应忘记，在冲突与杀戮之中，还有这样的人：他们关心的是能够建设什么，而不是能够摧毁什么；他们想着如何帮助素未谋面的人；他们以我们共同的人性，而非人与人之间的差异，定义自己。我们应当颂扬他们，肯定他们的一生。现在，我们该以他们为榜样了。
The United States of America is going to continue to stand for the basic principle that people have the right to live as they choose; that nations have the right to determine their own destiny; and that when terrible events like this occur, the international community stands on the side of justice and on the side of truth. 美利坚合众国将继续坚持这些基本原则：人们有权选择自己的生活方式；国家有权决定自己的命运；当这样的惨剧发生时，国际社会应当站在正义和真相一边。
So with that, let me take just a couple questions. I’ll start with you, Julie. 现在，我来回答几个问题。先请朱莉提问。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Just on a technical matter, does the U.S. believe that this passenger jet was targeted, or that those people who shot it down may have been going after a military -- thought they were going after a military aircraft? And more broadly, this incident does seem to escalate the crisis in Ukraine to a level we haven’t seen before. Does that change your calculus in terms of what the U.S. and perhaps Europe should be doing in terms of a response? 提问：谢谢您，总统先生。先问一个技术性问题：美国是否认为这架客机是被蓄意瞄准的？还是发射导弹的人可能以为自己攻击的是军用飞机？从更广的层面看，这起事件似乎使乌克兰危机升级到了前所未有的程度。这会改变您对美国、或许还有欧洲应如何应对的判断吗？
President Obama: Well, I think it’s too early for us to be able to guess what the intentions of those who might have launched this surface-to-air missile might have had. The investigation is going to be ongoing, and I think what we’ll see is additional information surfacing over the next 24 hours, 72 hours, the next week, the next month. 奥巴马总统：我认为，现在猜测发射这枚地对空导弹的人有什么意图还为时过早。调查将继续进行。我想，接下来的二十四小时、七十二小时、一周、一个月，还会有更多信息浮现。
What we know right now, what we have confidence in saying right now is that a surface-to-air missile was fired and that's what brought the jet down. We know -- or we have confidence in saying that that shot was taken within a territory that is controlled by the Russian separatists. 目前我们知道并有把握说的是，一枚地对空导弹发射后击落了这架客机。我们还知道，或者说有把握认为，导弹是从俄罗斯支持的分离主义分子控制的地区发射的。
But I think it’s very important for us to make sure that we don't get out ahead of the facts. And at this point, in terms of identifying specifically what individual or group of individuals or personnel ordered the strike, how it came about, those are things that I think are still going to be subject to additional information that we’re going to be gathering. And we’re working with the entire international community to make sure that the focus is on getting to the bottom of this thing and being truthful. 但我们必须确保不抢在事实之前下结论。现在若要具体指出是哪个人、哪一群人或哪些人员下令攻击，以及事情如何发生，仍有待我们收集更多信息。我们正在与整个国际社会合作，集中精力查明事件真相，并如实说明。
And my concern is obviously that there’s been a lot of misinformation generated in eastern Ukraine generally. This should snap everybody’s heads to attention and make sure that we don't have time for propaganda, we don't have time for games. We need to know exactly what happened. And everybody needs to make sure that we’re holding accountable those who committed this outrage. 我担心的是，乌克兰东部一直流传着大量虚假信息。这起事件应当让每个人警醒：我们没有时间搞宣传，也没有时间玩弄花招。我们必须准确查明发生了什么，每个人都必须确保犯下这起暴行的人受到追责。
With respect to the second question, as you’re aware, before this terrible incident happened we had already ratcheted up sanctions against Russia. And I think the concern not just of Russian officials but of the markets about the impact that this could have on the Russian economy is there for all to see. 至于第二个问题，你知道，在这场惨剧发生之前，我们就已经加大了对俄罗斯的制裁。俄罗斯官员和市场都担忧制裁会对俄罗斯经济产生什么影响，这一点有目共睹。
I made clear to President Putin that our preferred path is to resolve this diplomatically. But that means that he and the Russian government have to make a strategic decision: Are they going to continue to support violent separatists whose intent is to undermine the government of Ukraine? Or are they prepared to work with the government of Ukraine to arrive at a cease-fire and a peace that takes into account the interests of all Ukrainians? 我已向普京总统说明，我们首选通过外交途径解决问题。但这意味着他和俄罗斯政府必须作出战略决定：是继续支持那些意在破坏乌克兰政府的暴力分离主义分子，还是与乌克兰政府合作，实现兼顾所有乌克兰人利益的停火与和平？
There has been some improved language at times over the last month coming from the Kremlin and coming from President Putin, but what we have not seen is an actual transition and different actions that would give us confidence that that's the direction that they want to take. 过去一个月里，克里姆林宫和普京总统有时在措辞上有所改善，但我们尚未看到行动真正转变，让我们相信他们有意走那条道路。
And we will continue to make clear that as Russia engages in efforts that are supporting the separatists, that we have the capacity to increase the costs that we impose on them. And we will do so. Not because we’re interested in hurting Russia for the sake of hurting Russia, but because we believe in standing up for the basic principle that a country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity has to be respected, and it is not the United States or Russia or Germany or any other country that should be deciding what happens in that country. 我们会继续明确指出，只要俄罗斯继续支持分离主义分子，我们就有能力让它付出更大的代价，而且我们会这样做。这并非因为我们想为了伤害俄罗斯而伤害俄罗斯，而是因为我们相信必须维护一个基本原则：一个国家的主权和领土完整必须得到尊重。决定这个国家命运的，不应是美国、俄罗斯、德国或任何别的国家。
Question: At this point do you see any U.S. military role that could be effective? 提问：在目前这个阶段，您认为美军能够发挥什么有效作用吗？
President Obama: We don't see a U.S. military role beyond what we’ve already been doing in working with our NATO partners and some of the Baltic States, giving them reassurances that we are prepared to do whatever is required to meet our alliance obligations. 奥巴马总统：除了我们已经开展的工作，我们看不到美军还能发挥其他作用。我们一直与北约伙伴及部分波罗的海国家合作，向他们保证，我们准备采取履行联盟义务所需的一切行动。
Steve Holland. 史蒂夫·霍兰。
Question: Sir, thank you. How much blame for this do you put on President Putin? And will you use this incident now to push the Europeans for stronger action? 提问：先生，谢谢您。您认为普京总统应为此承担多大责任？您会借此推动欧洲国家采取更强硬的行动吗？
President Obama: We don't exactly know what happened yet, and I don't want to, as I said before, get out ahead of the facts. But what I do know is, is that we have seen a ticking up of violence in eastern Ukraine that, despite the efforts of the Ukrainian government to abide by a cease-fire and to reach out and agree to negotiations, including with the separatists, that has been rebuffed by these separatists. We know that they are heavily armed and that they are trained. And we know that that’s not an accident. That is happening because of Russian support. 奥巴马总统：我们还不确切知道发生了什么。正如我之前所说，我不想抢在事实之前下结论。但我知道，乌克兰东部的暴力正在升级。乌克兰政府曾努力遵守停火，也曾主动提出谈判，包括与分离主义分子谈判，但这些分离主义分子拒绝了。我们知道他们拥有大量武器，也接受过训练。我们还知道，这并非偶然，而是俄罗斯支持的结果。
So it is not possible for these separatists to function the way they’re functioning, to have the equipment that they have -- set aside what’s happened with respect to the Malaysian Airlines -- a group of separatists can’t shoot down military transport planes or, they claim, shoot down fighter jets without sophisticated equipment and sophisticated training. And that is coming from Russia. 所以，这些分离主义分子不可能凭自己就按现在这种方式活动，也不可能自行拥有这些装备。暂且不谈马航客机事件，一群分离主义分子若没有先进装备和专业训练，就无法击落军用运输机，也无法像他们声称的那样击落战斗机。而这些装备和训练来自俄罗斯。
So we don’t yet know exactly what happened with respect to the Malaysian Airlines, although obviously we’re beginning to draw some conclusions given the nature of the shot that was fired. There are only certain types of anti-aircraft missiles that can reach up 30,000 feet and shoot down a passenger jet. We have increasing confidence that it came from areas controlled by the separatists. But without having a definitive judgment on those issues yet, what we do know is, is that the violence that’s taking place there is facilitated in part -- in large part -- because of Russian support. 我们尚不确切知道马航客机事件的经过，尽管从发射导弹的性质来看，我们显然已经开始形成一些判断。只有某些类型的防空导弹才能到达三万英尺高度，击落一架客机。我们越来越确信导弹来自分离主义分子控制的地区。不过，在对这些具体问题作出确定判断之前，我们已知道：当地发生的暴力，部分地，而且在很大程度上，是俄罗斯的支持促成的。
And they have the ability to move those separatists in a different direction. 俄罗斯有能力引导这些分离主义分子转向另一条道路。
If Mr. Putin makes a decision that we are not going to allow heavy armaments and the flow of fighters into Ukraine across the Ukrainian-Russian border, then it will stop. And if it stops, then the separatists will still have the capacity to enter into negotiations and try to arrive at the sort of political accommodations that Mr. Putin himself says he wants to see. He has the most control over that situation, and so far, at least, he has not exercised it. 如果普京先生决定不再允许重型武器和武装人员越过俄乌边境进入乌克兰，这种流动就会停止。停止之后，分离主义分子仍然可以参加谈判，争取达成普京先生本人声称希望看到的政治安排。他对局势拥有最大的影响力，但至少到目前为止，他没有运用这种影响力。
Question: Tougher sanctions in Europe -- will you push for them? 提问：欧洲会采取更严厉的制裁吗？您会推动吗？
President Obama: Well, I think that this certainly will be a wake-up call for Europe and the world that there are consequences to an escalating conflict in eastern Ukraine; that it is not going to be localized, it is not going to be contained. What we’ve seen here is -- just in one country alone, our great allies, the Dutch, 150 or more of their citizens being killed. 奥巴马总统：我认为，这无疑会给欧洲和世界敲响警钟：乌克兰东部冲突不断升级是有后果的，后果不会只局限于当地，也无法被限制在当地。我们在这里看到，仅荷兰这一个国家，我们伟大的盟友，就有一百五十名或更多公民遇难。
And that, I think, sadly brings home the degree to which the stakes are high for Europe, not simply for the Ukrainian people, and that we have to be firm in our resolve in making sure that we are supporting Ukraine in its efforts to bring about a just cease-fire and that we can move towards a political solution to this. 我认为，这令人痛心地表明，对欧洲来说，这件事利害攸关，而不只是对乌克兰人民如此。我们必须坚定支持乌克兰努力实现公正的停火，进而走向政治解决方案。
I’m going to make this the last question. Lisa Lerer, Bloomberg. 我再回答最后一个问题。彭博社的丽莎·勒勒。
Question: Do we know yet if there were other Americans on board beyond the person you mentioned? And how do you prevent stricter restrictions, economic sanctions from shocking the global economy and -- 提问：除了您提到的那个人，我们是否已知道机上还有其他美国人？另外，您如何防止更严格的限制措施和经济制裁冲击全球经济——
President Obama: We have been pretty methodical over the last 24 hours in working through the flight manifest and identifying which passengers might have had a U.S. passport. At this point, the individual that I mentioned is the sole person that we can definitively say was a U.S. or dual citizen. 奥巴马总统：过去二十四小时，我们一直在有条不紊地核查乘客名单，确认哪些乘客可能持有美国护照。目前，我提到的那个人是唯一一位我们能够确定具有美国国籍或双重国籍的乘客。
Because events are moving so quickly, I don’t want to say with absolute certainty that there might not be additional Americans, but at this stage, having worked through the list, been in contact with the Malaysian government, which processed the passports as folks were boarding, this is our best assessment of the number of Americans that were killed. Obviously that does nothing to lessen our outrage about all those families. Regardless of nationality, it is a heartbreaking event. 由于情况变化很快，我不想绝对断言不会发现其他美国人。但现阶段，在核对名单并与登机时办理护照手续的马来西亚政府联系后，这就是我们对遇难美国人人数的最佳判断。当然，这丝毫不会减轻我们对所有遇难者家属所遭遇悲剧的愤慨。无论国籍为何，这都是令人心碎的事件。
With respect to the effect of sanctions on the economy, we have consistently tried to tailor these sanctions in ways that would have an impact on Russia, on their economy, on their institutions or individuals that are aiding and abetting in the activities that are taking place in eastern Ukraine, while minimizing the impacts on not only the U.S. economy but the global economy. 至于制裁对经济的影响，我们始终努力有针对性地设计这些制裁，使其影响俄罗斯、俄罗斯经济，以及为乌克兰东部相关活动提供协助的机构或个人，同时尽量减少对美国经济和全球经济的影响。
It is a relevant consideration that we have to keep in mind. The world economy is integrated; Russia is a large economy; there’s a lot of financial flows between Russia and the rest of the world. But we feel confident that at this point the sanctions that we’ve put in place are imposing a cost on Russia, that their overall impact on the global economy is minimal. It is something that we have to obviously pay close attention to, but I think Treasury, in consultation with our European partners, have done a good job so far on that issue. 这是我们必须考虑的一个现实问题。世界经济相互联结；俄罗斯是一个大型经济体；俄罗斯与世界其他地区之间有大量资金往来。但我们有信心，目前实施的制裁正在让俄罗斯付出代价，而对全球经济的总体影响很小。显然，我们必须密切关注这一点。不过我认为，财政部与欧洲伙伴磋商后，迄今在这方面做得很好。
Thank you very much, everybody. 非常感谢大家。