I have come this evening to talk with you on one of the greatest issues of our time -- that is the preservation of human freedom. I have chosen to discuss it here in France, at the Sorbonne, because here in this soil the roots of human freedom have long ago struck deep and here they have been richly nourished. 今晚我来到这里，与你们谈论我们这个时代最伟大的问题之一——那就是维护人类自由。我选择在法国索邦大学讨论这个问题，因为在这里，人类自由的根源很久以前就深深扎根，并且在这里得到了丰富的滋养。
It was here the Declaration of the Rights of Man was proclaimed, and the great slogans of the French Revolution -- liberty, equality, fraternity -- fired the imagination of men. I have chosen to discuss this issue in Europe because this has been the scene of the greatest historic battles between freedom and tyranny. I have chosen to discuss it in the early days of the General Assembly because the issue of human liberty is decisive for the settlement of outstanding political differences and for the future of the United Nations. 正是在这里，《人权宣言》被宣布，法国大革命的伟大口号——自由、平等、博爱——激发了人们的想象力。我选择在欧洲讨论这个问题，因为这里是自由与暴政之间最伟大的历史战斗的战场。我选择在大会初期讨论这个问题，因为人权问题对解决悬而未决的政治分歧和联合国的未来至关重要。
The decisive importance of this issue was fully recognized by the founders of the United Nations at San Francisco. Concern for the preservation and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms stands at the heart of the United Nations. Its Charter is distinguished by its preoccupation with the rights and welfare of individual men and women. 这个问题的决定性重要性在旧金山联合国创始人那里得到了充分认可。对维护和促进人权和基本自由的关注是联合国的核心。其宪章的特点是关注个人的权利和福利。
The United Nations has made it clear that it intends to uphold human rights and to protect the dignity of the human personality. In the preamble to the Charter the keynote is set when it declares: "We the people of the United Nations determined...to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and...to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom." 联合国已经明确表示，它打算维护人权并保护人的人格尊严。在宪章的序言中，基调已经设定，它宣布："我们联合国人民决心...重申对基本人权、人的尊严和价值、男女平等权利以及大小国家平等权利的信念，并...促进社会进步和在更大自由中改善生活标准。"
This reflects the basic premise of the Charter that the peace and security of mankind are dependent on mutual respect for the rights and freedoms of all. 这反映了宪章的基本前提，即人类的和平与安全取决于对所有人权利和自由的相互尊重。
One of the purposes of the United Nations is declared in article 1 to be: "to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion." 联合国的宗旨之一在第一条中宣布："实现国际合作，解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化或人道主义性质的问题，并促进和鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，不分种族、性别、语言或宗教。"
This thought is repeated at several points and notably in articles 55 and 56 the Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the United Nations for the promotion of "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion." 这一思想在若干点上重复出现，特别是在第五十五条和第五十六条中，各会员国承诺与联合国合作采取联合和单独行动，以促进"对所有人的人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵守，不分种族、性别、语言或宗教。"
The Human Rights Commission was given as its first and most important task the preparation of an International Bill of Rights. The General Assembly, which opened its third session here in Paris a few days ago, will have before it the first fruit of the Commission's labors in this task, that is the International Declaration of Human Rights. 人权委员会的首要和最重要任务是编写一份国际人权法案。几天前在这里巴黎开幕的大会第三届会议将收到委员会在这项任务中的第一项成果，即《世界人权宣言》。
The Declaration was finally completed after much work during the last session of the Human Rights Commission in New York in the spring of 1948. The Economic and Social Council has sent it without recommendation to the General Assembly, together with other documents transmitted by the Human Rights Commission. 该宣言是在1948年春天纽约举行的人权委员会上一届会议期间经过大量工作后最终完成的。经济及社会理事会已将它连同人权委员会提交的其他文件一并发送给大会，没有提出建议。
It was decided in our Commission that a Bill of Rights should contain two parts: 我们委员会决定，人权法案应包含两部分：
- A Declaration which could be approved through action of the Member States of the United Nations in the General Assembly. This declaration would have great moral force, and would say to the peoples of the world "this is what we hope human rights may mean to all people in the years to come."
- 一份宣言，可以通过联合国会员国在大会中的行动获得批准。这份宣言将具有巨大的道义力量，并将向世界人民说："这就是我们希望人权在未来岁月中对所有人意味着什么。"
We have put down here the rights that we consider basic for individual human beings the world over to have. Without them, we feel that the full development of individual personality is impossible. 我们在这里列出了我们认为全世界每个人都应该拥有的基本权利。没有这些权利，我们认为个人人格的充分发展是不可能的。
- The second part of the bill, which the Human Rights Commission has not yet completed because of the lack of time, is a covenant which would be in the form of a treaty to be presented to the nations of the world.
- 法案的第二部分，人权委员会由于时间不够尚未完成，是一项盟约，将以条约形式提交给世界各国。
Each nation, as it is prepared to do so, would ratify this covenant and the covenant would then become binding on the nations which adhere to it. Each nation ratifying would then be obligated to change its laws wherever they did not conform to the points contained in the covenant. 每个国家在准备好这样做时，将批准这项盟约，然后盟约将对遵守它的国家具有约束力。每个批准盟约的国家将有义务修改其不符合盟约所含要点的法律。
This covenant, of course, would have to be a simpler document. It could not state aspirations, which we feel to be permissible in the Declaration. It could only state rights which could be assured by law and it must contain methods of implementation, and no state ratifying the covenant could be allowed to disregard it. 当然，这项盟约必须是一份更简单的文件。它不能陈述我们认为在宣言中允许的愿望。它只能陈述可以通过法律保证的权利，并且必须包含执行方法，任何批准盟约的国家都不得无视它。
The methods of implementation have not yet been agreed upon, nor have they been given adequate consideration by the Commission at any of its meetings. There certainly should be discussion on the entire question of this world Bill of Human Rights and there may be acceptance by this Assembly of the Declaration if they come to agreement on it. 执行方法尚未达成一致，委员会在任何会议上也没有对其进行充分考虑。当然应该就这份世界人权法案的整个问题进行讨论，如果大会能够就宣言达成一致，可能会接受宣言。
The acceptance of the Declaration, I think, should encourage every nation in the coming months to discuss its meaning with its people so that they will be better prepared to accept the covenant with a deeper understanding of the problems involved when that is presented, we hope, a year from now and, we hope, accepted. 我认为，接受宣言应该鼓励每个国家在未来几个月内与其人民讨论其含义，以便他们在盟约提出时能够更好地准备接受，并对所涉及的问题有更深入的理解，我们希望一年后提出，并希望获得接受。
The Declaration has come from the Human Rights Commission with unanimous acceptance except for four abstentions -- the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia. The reason for this is a fundamental difference in the conception of human rights as they exist in these states and in certain other Member States in the United Nations. 该宣言已得到人权委员会的一致接受，只有四个国家弃权——苏联、南斯拉夫、乌克兰和白俄罗斯。原因是这些国家与联合国中某些其他会员国在人权概念上存在根本差异。
In the discussion before the Assembly, I think it should be made crystal clear what these differences are and tonight I want to spend a little time making them clear to you. It seems to me there is a valid reason for taking the time today to think carefully and clearly on the subject of human rights. 在大会的讨论中，我认为应该明确这些差异是什么，今晚我想花一点时间向你们阐明它们。在我看来，今天花时间仔细而清晰地思考人权问题是有正当理由的。
Because in the acceptance and observance of these rights lies the root, I believe, of our chance of peace in the future, and for the strengthening of the United Nations organization to the point where it can maintain peace in the future. 因为我相信，在接受和遵守这些权利方面，在于我们未来和平的根本，以及加强联合国组织到能够维护未来和平的程度。
We must not be confused about what freedom is. Basic human rights are simple and easily understood: freedom of speech and a free press; freedom of religion and worship; freedom of assembly and the right of petition; the right of men to be secure in their homes and free from unreasonable search and seizure and from arbitrary arrest and punishment. 我们不能对自由是什么感到困惑。基本人权简单易懂：言论自由和新闻自由；宗教信仰自由；集会自由和请愿权；人民在家中安全、不受无理搜查和扣押以及不受任意逮捕和惩罚的权利。
We must not be deluded by the efforts of the forces of reaction to prostitute the great words of our free tradition and thereby to confuse the struggle. Democracy, freedom, human rights have come to have a definite meaning to the people of the world which we must not allow any nation to so change that they are made synonymous with suppression and dictatorship. 我们不能被反动势力的努力所迷惑，他们亵渎我们自由传统的伟大话语，从而混淆斗争。民主、自由、人权对世界人民来说已经有了明确的含义，我们不能允许任何国家改变它们，使它们与镇压和独裁同义。
There are basic differences that show up even in the use of words between a democratic and a totalitarian country. For instance "democracy" means one thing to the U.S.S.R. and another the U.S.A. and, I know, in France. I have served since the first meeting of the nuclear commission on the Human Rights Commission, and I think this point stands out clearly. 民主国家和极权国家在词语的使用上甚至表现出基本差异。例如，"民主"对苏联和美国意味着不同的东西，我知道，在法国也是如此。我从核委员会第一次会议起就一直在人权委员会任职，我认为这一点非常清楚。
The U.S.S.R. Representatives assert that they already have achieved many things which we, in what they call the "bourgeois democracies" cannot achieve because their government controls the accomplishment of these things. Our government seems powerless to them because, in the last analysis, it is controlled by the people. 苏联代表声称，他们已经实现了许多我们在他们所谓的"资产阶级民主"中无法实现的事情，因为他们的政府控制这些事情的实现。在他们看来，我们的政府似乎无能为力，因为归根结底，它是由人民控制的。
They would not put it that way -- they would say that the people in the U.S.S.R. control their government by allowing their government to have certain absolute rights. We, on the other hand, feel that certain rights can never be granted to the government, but must be kept in the hands of the people. 他们不会这样说——他们会说苏联人民通过允许他们的政府拥有某些绝对权利来控制他们的政府。另一方面，我们认为某些权利永远不能授予政府，而必须掌握在人民手中。
For instance, the U.S.S.R. will assert that their press is free because the state makes it free by providing the machinery, the paper, and even the money for salaries for the people who work on the paper. They state that there is no control over what is printed in the various papers that they subsidize in this manner, such, for instance, as a trade-union paper. 例如，苏联会声称他们的新闻是自由的，因为国家通过提供机器、纸张甚至薪水来使新闻自由。他们声称，在他们以这种方式资助的各种报纸上，例如工会报纸，对印刷内容没有控制。
But what would happen if a paper were to print ideas which were critical of the basic policies and beliefs of the Communist government.? I am sure some good reason would be found for abolishing the paper. 但是，如果一份报纸要印刷批评共产党政府基本政策和信念的观点，会发生什么呢？我相信会找到一些好理由来取消这份报纸。
It is true that they have been many cases where newspapers in the U.S.S.R. have criticized officials and their actions and have been responsible for the removal of those officials, but in doing so they did not criticize anything which was fundamental to Communist beliefs. They simply criticized methods of doing things, so one must differentiate between things which are permissible. 确实，在苏联，有很多报纸批评官员及其行为并导致这些官员被撤职的案例，但在这样做时，他们没有批评任何对共产主义信念至关重要的东西。他们只是批评做事的方式，所以必须区分允许的事情。
For instance, criticism of any individual or of the manner of doing things, and the criticism of a belief which would be considered vital to the acceptance of Communism. 例如，批评任何个人或做事的方式，以及批评被认为对接受共产主义至关重要的信念。
What are the differences, for instance, between trade-unions in the totalitarian states and in the democracies? In the totalitarian state a trade-union is an instrument used by the government to enforce duties, not to assert rights. Propaganda material which the government desires the workers to have is furnished by the trade-unions to be circulated to their members. 例如，极权国家和民主国家的工会有什么区别？在极权国家，工会是政府用来强制执行义务的工具，而不是主张权利的工具。工会提供政府希望工人拥有的宣传材料，分发给其成员。
Our trade-unions, on the other hand, are solely the instrument of the workers themselves. They represent the workers in their relations with the government and with management and they are free to develop their own opinions without government help or interference. 另一方面，我们的工会纯粹是工人自己的工具。它们在工人与政府和管理层的关系中代表工人，并且可以在没有政府帮助或干预的情况下自由发展自己的意见。
The concepts of our trade-unions and those in totalitarian countries are drastically different. There is little mutual understanding. 我们的工会概念与极权国家的工会概念截然不同。几乎没有相互理解。
I think the best example one can give of this basic difference of the use of terms is "the right to work." The Soviet Union insists that this is a basic right which it alone can guarantee because it alone provides full employment by the government. 我认为，关于术语使用的这种基本差异的最好例子是"工作权"。苏联坚持认为这是一项基本权利，只有它才能保证，因为只有它通过政府提供充分就业。
But the right to work in the Soviet Union means the assignment of workers to do whatever task is given to them by the government without an opportunity for the people to participate in the decision that the government should do this. A society in which everyone works is not necessarily a free society and may indeed be a slave society; on the other hand, a society in which there is widespread economic insecurity can turn freedom into a barren and vapid right for millions of people. 但苏联的工作权意味着工人被分配去做政府给他们的任何任务，而没有机会参与政府应该这样做的决定。一个人人都工作的社会不一定是自由社会，实际上可能是奴隶社会；另一方面，一个普遍存在经济不安全的社会会将自由变成数百万人的空洞权利。
We in the United States have come to realize it means freedom to choose one's job, to work or not to work as one desires. We, in the United States, have come to realize, however, that people have a right to demand that their government will not allow them to starve because as individuals they cannot find work of the kind they are accustomed to doing. 我们在美国已经认识到，它意味着选择自己工作的自由。我们在美国已经认识到，人们有权要求他们的政府不允许他们因为个人找不到他们习惯做的那种工作而挨饿。
This is a decision brought about by public opinion which came as a result of the great depression in which many people were out of work, but we would not consider in the United States that we had gained any freedom if we were compelled to follow a dictatorial assignment to work where and when we were told. The right of choice would seem to us an important, fundamental freedom. 这是公众舆论的决定，源于许多人失业的大萧条时期，但我们在美国不会认为如果我们被迫遵循独裁的工作分配，告诉我们在哪里和何时工作，我们就获得了任何自由。选择权对我们来说似乎是一项重要的基本自由。
I have great sympathy with the Russian people. They love their country and have always defended it valiantly against invaders. They have been through a period of revolution, as a result of which they were for a time cut off from outside contact. 我对俄罗斯人民深表同情。他们热爱自己的国家，并始终勇敢地抵御入侵者。他们经历了一段革命时期，结果一度与外界隔绝。
They have not lost their resulting suspicion of other countries and the great difficulty is today that their government encourages this suspicion and seems to believe that force alone will bring them respect. 他们没有失去由此产生的对其他国家的怀疑，今天最大的困难是他们的政府鼓励这种怀疑，并且似乎相信只有武力才能为他们赢得尊重。
We, in the democracies, believe in a kind of international respect and action which is reciprocal. We do not think others should treat us differently from the way they wish to be treated. It is interference in other countries that especially stirs up antagonism against the Soviet Government. 我们民主国家相信一种相互的国际尊重和行动。我们认为别人不应该以不同于他们希望被对待的方式对待我们。干涉其他国家特别激起了对苏联政府的敌意。
If it wishes to feel secure in developing its economic and political theories within its territory, then it should grant to others that same security. We believe in the freedom of people to make their own mistakes. We do not interfere with them and they should not interfere with others. 如果它希望在其领土内安全地发展其经济和政治理论，那么它应该给予其他国家同样的安全。我们相信人民有自由犯自己错误的权利。我们不干涉他们，他们也不应该干涉别人。
The basic problem confronting the world today, as I said in the beginning, is the preservation of human freedom for the individual and consequently for the society of which he is a part. We are fighting this battle again today as it was fought at the time of the French Revolution and as the time of the American Revolution. 正如我一开始所说，今天世界面临的基本问题是维护个人的人类自由，并因此维护他所属的社会的自由。我们今天再次进行这场战斗，就像法国大革命时期和美国大革命时期一样。
The issue of human liberty is as decisive now as it was then. I want to give you my conception of what is meant in my country by freedom of the individual. 人权问题现在和当时一样具有决定性。我想向你们表达我对我国个人自由含义的理解。
Long ago in London during a discussion with Mr. Vyshinsky, he told me there was no such thing as freedom for the individual in the world. All freedom of the individual was conditioned by the rights of other individuals. That of course, I granted. 很久以前在伦敦与维辛斯基先生的一次讨论中，他告诉我世界上没有个人自由这种东西。所有个人自由都以其他个人的权利为条件。当然，我同意这一点。
I said: "We approach the question from a different point of view/ we here in the United Nations are trying to develop ideals which will be broader in outlook, which will consider first the rights of man, which will consider what makes man more free; not governments, but man." 我说："我们从不同的角度看待这个问题。我们在联合国正努力发展更广阔视野的理想，这些理想将首先考虑人的权利，考虑什么使人更自由；不是政府，而是人。"
The totalitarian state typically places the will of the people second to decrees promulgated by a few men at the top. Naturally there must always be consideration of the rights of others; but in a democracy this is not a restriction. 极权国家通常将人民的意志置于少数高层人士颁布的法令之下。当然，必须始终考虑他人的权利；但在民主国家，这不是限制。
Indeed, in our democracies we make our freedoms secure because each of us is expected to respect the rights of others and we are free to make our own laws. Freedom for our peoples is not only a right, but also a tool. Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of information, freedom of assembly -- these are not just abstract ideals to us; they are tools with which we create a way of life, a way of life in which we can enjoy freedom. 事实上，在我们的民主国家，我们使我们的自由安全，因为我们每个人都被期望尊重他人的权利，我们可以自由制定自己的法律。对我们人民来说，自由不仅是一项权利，也是一种工具。言论自由、新闻自由、信息自由、集会自由——这些对我们来说不仅仅是抽象的理想；它们是我们创造一种生活方式的工具，一种我们可以享受自由的生活方式。
Sometimes the processes of democracy are slow, and I have known some of our leaders to say that a benevolent dictatorship would accomplish the ends desired in a much shorter time than it takes to go through the democratic processes of discussion and the slow formation of public opinion. 有时民主的进程很慢，我知道我们的一些领导人说，仁慈的独裁可以比通过讨论和缓慢形成公众舆论的民主进程更短的时间内实现期望的目标。
But there is no way of insuring that a dictatorship will remain benevolent or that power once in the hands of a few will be returned to the people without struggle or revolution. This we have learned by experience and we accept the slow processes of democracy because we know that shortcuts compromise principles on which no compromise is possible. 但没有办法确保独裁会保持仁慈，或者一旦掌握在少数人手中的权力会在没有斗争或革命的情况下回归人民。这是我们从经验中学到的，我们接受民主的缓慢进程，因为我们知道捷径会妥协那些不可能妥协的原则。
The final expression of the opinion of the people with us is through free and honest elections, with valid choices on basic issues and candidates. The secret ballot is an essential to free elections but you must have a choice before you. 在我们国家，人民意见的最终表达是通过自由和诚实的选举，在基本问题和候选人方面有有效的选择。无记名投票是自由选举的必要条件，但你必须先有选择。
I have heard my husband say many times that a people need never lose their freedom if they kept their right to a secret ballot and if they used that secret ballot to the full. Basic decisions of our society are made through the expressed will of the people. That is why when we see these liberties threatened, instead of falling apart, our nation becomes unified and our democracies come together as a unified group in spite of our varied backgrounds and many racial strains. 我听到我丈夫多次说过，如果人民保留无记名投票权并充分利用它，他们永远不会失去自由。我们社会的基本决定是通过人民表达的意愿做出的。这就是为什么当我们看到这些自由受到威胁时，我们的国家不是分崩离析，而是变得团结，我们的民主国家作为一个统一的群体走到一起，尽管我们有不同的背景和许多种族。
In the United States we have a capitalistic economy. That is because public opinion favors that type of economy under the conditions in which we live. But we have imposed certain restraints; for instance, we have antitrust laws. These are the legal evidence of the determination of the American people to maintain an economy of free competition and not to allow monopolies to take away the people's freedom. 在美国，我们有资本主义经济。这是因为公众舆论支持我们所处条件下的这种经济类型。但我们施加了某些限制；例如，我们有反托拉斯法。这些是美国人民决心维护自由竞争经济、不允许垄断夺走人民自由的法律证据。
Our trade-unions grow stronger because the people come to believe that this is the proper way to guarantee the rights of the workers and that the right to organize and to bargain collectively keeps the balance between the actual producer an the investor of money. 我们的工会变得更加强大，因为人们开始相信这是保障工人权利的适当方式，组织权和集体谈判权保持了实际生产者、资金投资者之间的平衡。
And the manage in industry who watches over the man who works with this hands and who produces the materials which are out tangible wealth. 以及监督用手工作并生产构成我们有形财富的材料的工业管理者之间的平衡。
In the United States we are old enough not to claim perfection. We recognize that we have some problems of discrimination but we find steady progress being made in the solution of these problems. Through normal democratic processes we are coming to understand our needs and how we can attain full equality for all our people. 在美国，我们已经足够成熟，不会声称完美。我们认识到我们有一些歧视问题，但我们发现解决这些问题的工作正在稳步取得进展。通过正常的民主进程，我们正在了解我们的需求以及如何为我们所有人民实现充分平等。
Free discussion on the subject is permitted. Our Supreme Court has recently rendered decisions to clarify a number of our laws to guarantee the rights of all. 允许对此主题进行自由讨论。我们的最高法院最近做出了一些裁决，澄清了我们的一些法律，以保障所有人的权利。
The U.S.S.R. claims it has reached a point where all races within her borders are officially considered equal and have equal rights and they insist that they have no discrimination where minorities are concerned. 苏联声称它已经达到了一个地步，其境内的所有种族在官方上被认为是平等的，并且在少数民族方面坚持认为他们没有歧视。
This is a laudable objective but there are other aspects of the development of freedom for the individual which are essential before the mere absence of discrimination is worth much, and these are lacking in the Soviet Union. 这是一个值得称赞的目标，但在仅仅不存在歧视有价值之前，个人自由发展的其他方面是必不可少的，而这些在苏联是缺乏的。
Unless they are being denied freedoms which they want and which they see other people have, people do not usually complain of discrimination. It is these other freedoms -- the basic freedoms of speech, of the press, of religion and conscience, of assembly, of fair trial and freedom from arbitrary arrest and punishment, which a totalitarian government cannot safely give its people and which give meaning to freedom from discrimination. 除非人们被剥夺他们想要的自由，并且他们看到其他人拥有这些自由，否则人们通常不会抱怨歧视。正是这些其他自由——言论、新闻、宗教和良心、集会、公平审判和免受任意逮捕和惩罚的基本自由——极权政府不能安全地给予其人民，这些自由赋予免于歧视的自由以意义。
It is my belief, and I am sure it is also yours, that the struggle for democracy and freedom is a critical struggle, for their preservation is essential to the great objective of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security. 我相信，我也确信你们也相信，为民主和自由而斗争是一场关键的斗争，因为维护它们对于联合国维护国际和平与安全的伟大目标至关重要。
Among free men the end cannot justify the means. We know the patterns of totalitarianism -- the single political party, the control of schools, press, radio, the arts, the sciences, and the church to support autocratic authority; these are the age-old patterns against which men have struggled for three thousand years. 在自由人之间，目的不能证明手段的正当性。我们知道极权主义的模式——单一政党、控制学校、新闻、广播、艺术、科学和教会以支持独裁权威；这些是三千年来人们一直在与之斗争的古老模式。
These are the signs of reaction, retreat, and retrogression. The United Nations must hold fast to the heritage of freedom won by the struggle of its people; it must help us to pass it on to generations to come. 这些是反动、倒退和退化的迹象。联合国必须坚持其人民斗争赢得的自由遗产；它必须帮助我们将其传给后代。
The development of the ideal of freedom and its translation into the everyday life of the people in great areas of the earth is the product of the efforts of many peoples. It is the fruit of a long tradition of vigorous thinking and courageous action. 自由理想的发展及其在地球广大地区人民日常生活中的体现是许多人民努力的产物。这是长期以来充满活力的思考和勇敢行动的传统的成果。
No one race and on one people can claim to have done all the work to achieve greater dignity for human beings and great freedom to develop human personality. In each generation and in each country there must be a continuation of the struggle and new steps forward must be taken since this is preeminently a field in which to stand still is to retreat. 没有一个种族和一个人民可以声称做了所有工作来实现人类更大的尊严和发展人类人格的更大自由。在每一代人和每个国家，必须继续斗争并采取新的步骤，因为这显然是一个停滞不前就是倒退的领域。
The field of human rights is not one in which compromise on fundamental principles are possible. The work of the Commission on Human Rights is illustrative. The Declaration of Human Rights provides: "Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own." 人权领域不是一个可以在基本原则上妥协的领域。人权委员会的工作就是说明。《人权宣言》规定："人人有权离开任何国家，包括其本国。"
The Soviet Representative said he would agree to this right if a single phrase was added to it -- "in accordance with the procedure laid down in the laws of that country." It is obvious that to accept this would be not only to compromise but to nullify the right stated. This case forcefully illustrates the importance of the proposition that we must ever be alert not to compromise fundamental human rights merely for the sake of reaching unanimity and thus lose them. 苏联代表说，如果在其中添加一个短语——"按照该国法律规定的程序"——他会同意这项权利。显然，接受这一点不仅是妥协，而且是使所述权利无效。这个案例有力地说明了我们必须永远保持警惕，不要仅仅为了达成一致而妥协基本人权，从而失去它们的重要性。
As I see it, it is not going to be easy to attain unanimity with respect to our different concepts of government and human rights. The struggle is bound to be difficult and one in which we must be firm but patient. 在我看来，就我们不同的政府和人权概念达成一致并不容易。这场斗争注定是困难的，我们必须坚定但耐心。
If we adhere faithfully to our principles I think it is possible for us to maintain freedom and to do so peacefully and without recourse to force. 如果我们忠实坚持我们的原则，我认为我们有可能维护自由，并且和平地、不诉诸武力地做到这一点。
The future must see the broadening of human rights throughout the world. People who have glimpsed freedom will never be content until they have secured it for themselves. In a truest sense, human rights are a fundamental object of law and government in a just society. 未来必须看到人权在世界范围内的扩大。瞥见自由的人们永远不会满足，直到他们为自己争取到自由。在最真实的意义上，人权是正义社会中法律和政府的根本目标。
Human rights exist to the degree that they are respected by people in relations with each other and by governments in relations with their citizens. 人权存在的程度取决于人们在相互关系中以及政府在与公民的关系中尊重它们的程度。
The world at large is aware of the tragic consequences for human beings ruled by totalitarian systems. If we examine Hitler's rise to power, we see how the chains are forged which keep the individual a slave. 全世界都意识到极权制度统治下人类的悲惨后果。如果我们审视希特勒的崛起，我们会看到锁链是如何锻造的，使个人成为奴隶。
And we cans e many similarities in the way things are accomplished in other countries. Politically men must be free to discuss and to arrive at as many facts as possible and there must beat least a two-party system in a country because when there is only one political party, too many things can be subordinated to the interests of that one party and it becomes a tyrant and not an instrument of democratic government. 并且我们可以看到在其他国家事情的完成方式有许多相似之处。在政治上，人们必须能够自由讨论并获得尽可能多的事实，一个国家至少必须有两党制，因为当只有一个政党时，太多的事情可能会从属于那个政党的利益，它变成暴君而不是民主政府的工具。
The propaganda we have witnessed in the recent past, like that we perceive in these days, seeks to impugn, to undermine, and to destroy the liberty and independence of peoples. Such propaganda poses to all peoples the issue whether to doubt their heritage of rights and therefore to compromise the principles by which they live. 我们最近过去目睹的宣传，就像我们今天看到的一样，试图诋毁、破坏和摧毁人民的自由和独立。这种宣传向所有人民提出了一个问题：是怀疑他们的权利遗产，从而妥协他们生活所依据的原则。
Or try to accept the challenge, redouble their vigilance, and stand steadfast in the struggle to maintain and enlarge human freedoms. 还是接受挑战，加倍警惕，并坚定不移地维护和扩大人类自由。
People who continue to be denied the respect to which they are entitled as human beings will not acquiesce forever in such denial. 继续被剥夺作为人应有的尊重的人民不会永远默许这种剥夺。
The Charter of the United Nations is a guiding beacon along the way to the achievement of human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the world. The immediate test is not only to the extent to which human rights and freedoms have already been achieved, but the direction in which the world is moving. 《联合国宪章》是在世界范围内实现人权和基本自由的道路上的指引灯塔。眼前的考验不仅在于人权和自由已经实现的程度，还在于世界前进的方向。
Is there a faithful compliance with the objectives of the Charter if some countries continue to curtail human rights and freedoms instead of to promote the universal respect for an observance of human rights and freedoms for all as called for by the Charter? 如果一些国家继续限制人权和自由，而不是按照宪章的要求促进对所有人的人权和自由的普遍尊重和遵守，这是否忠实遵守宪章的目标？
The place to discuss the issue of human rights is in the forum of the United Nations. The United Nations has been set up as the common meeting ground for nations, where we can consider together our mutual problems and take advantage of our differences in experience. 讨论人权问题的地方是联合国论坛。联合国已被设立为各国的共同会议场所，我们可以在这里共同考虑我们的共同问题并利用我们不同的经验。
It is inherent in our firm attachment to democracy and freedom that we stand always ready to use the fundamental democratic procedures of honest discussion and negotiation. It is now as always our hope that despite the wide differences in approach we face in the world today, we can with mutual good faith in the principles of the united Nations Charter, arrive at a common basis of understanding. 我们坚定地致力于民主和自由，这意味着我们始终准备使用诚实讨论和谈判的基本民主程序。现在和以往一样，我们希望尽管我们今天在世界上面临的方法存在广泛差异，但我们能够在联合国宪章原则的相互诚意下，达成共同的理解基础。
We are here to join the meetings of this great international Assembly which meets in your beautiful capital of Paris. Freedom for the individual is an inseparable part of the cherished traditions of France. As one of the Delegates from the United States, I pray Almighty God that we may win another victory here for the rights and freedoms of all men. 我们来到这里参加在你们美丽的首都巴黎举行的这次伟大国际大会。个人自由是法国珍视的传统不可分割的一部分。作为美国的代表之一，我祈求万能的上帝，让我们在这里为所有人的权利和自由赢得另一场胜利。