PROCEEDING, fellow-citizens, to that qualification which the Constitution requires before my entrance on the charge again conferred on me, it is my duty to express the deep sense I entertain of this new proof of confidence from my fellow-citizens at large, and the zeal with which it inspires me so to conduct myself as may best satisfy their just expectations. 同胞们，在进入再次赋予我的职责之前，按照宪法的要求进行宣誓，我有责任表达我对全体同胞再次给予信任的深切感受，以及由此激发的热情，我将以此行事，以最能满足他们合理期望的方式履行职责。
On taking this station on a former occasion I declared the principles on which I believed it my duty to administer the affairs of our Commonwealth. My conscience tells me I have on every occasion acted up to that declaration according to its obvious import and to the understanding of every candid mind. 在上次就任时，我宣布了我认为在管理我们联邦事务中应遵循的原则。我的良心告诉我，在任何情况下，我都按照宣言的明确含义和每一位坦诚人士的理解行事。
In the transaction of your foreign affairs we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, and especially of those with which we have the most important relations. We have done them justice on all occasions, favored where favor was lawful, and cherished mutual interests and intercourse on fair and equal terms. 在处理外交事务时，我们努力与所有国家培养友谊，尤其是与我们有着最重要关系的国家。我们在所有场合都公正对待他们，在合法的情况下给予优惠，并以公平和平等的条件珍视共同利益和交往。
We are firmly convinced, and we act on that conviction, that with nations as with individuals our interests soundly calculated will ever be found inseparable from our moral duties, and history bears witness to the fact that a just nation is trusted on its word when recourse is had to armaments and wars to bridle others. 我们坚信并以此信念行事：与国家如同与个人一样，合理计算的利益永远与我们的道德义务密不可分，历史见证了一个事实——当其他国家诉诸军备和战争来压制他人时，一个公正的国家的承诺是可信的。
At home, fellow-citizens, you best know whether we have done well or ill. The suppression of unnecessary offices, of useless establishments and expenses, enabled us to discontinue our internal taxes. 在国内事务上，同胞们，你们最清楚我们做得好坏与否。取消不必要的职位、无用的机构和开支，使我们能够停止征收国内税。
These, covering our land with officers and opening our doors to their intrusions, had already begun that process of domiciliary vexation which once entered is scarcely to be restrained from reaching successively every article of property and produce. If among these taxes some minor ones fell which had not been inconvenient, it was because their amount would not have paid the officers who collected them, and because, if they had any merit, the State authorities might adopt them instead of others less approved. 这些税收让我们的土地上遍布官员，打开大门让他们侵入，已经开始了家庭骚扰的过程，一旦开始，就几乎无法阻止它逐步触及每一件财产和产品。如果这些税收中有一些小额税项并未带来不便，那是因为它们的数额不足以支付征收它们的官员的薪水，而且如果它们有任何优点，州政府可以采用它们来替代其他不太受欢迎的税种。
The remaining revenue on the consumption of foreign articles is paid chiefly by those who can afford to add foreign luxuries to domestic comforts, being collected on our seaboard and frontiers only, and incorporated with the transactions of our mercantile citizens, it may be the pleasure and the pride of an American to ask, What farmer, what mechanic, what laborer ever sees a taxgatherer of the United States? 对外国商品消费征收的剩余税收主要由那些能够在国内舒适生活之外添加外国奢侈品的人支付，仅在我们的沿海和边境地区征收，并融入我们商人公民的交易中。一个美国人可能会自豪地问道：哪个农民、哪个技工、哪个劳工见过美国的征税官？
These contributions enable us to support the current expenses of the Government, to fulfill contracts with foreign nations, to extinguish the native right of soil within our limits, to extend those limits, and to apply such a surplus to our public debts as places at a short day their final redemption, and that redemption once effected the revenue thereby liberated may, by a just repartition of it among the States and a corresponding amendment of the Constitution, be applied in time of peace to rivers, canals, roads, arts, manufactures, education, and other great objects within each State. 这些税收使我们能够支付政府的日常开支，履行与外国的合同，在我们的范围内消除土著土地权，扩大我们的领土范围，并将盈余用于偿还公共债务，使最终偿还指日可待。一旦偿还完成，由此释放的收入可以通过在各州之间公正分配并相应修改宪法，在和平时期用于河流、运河、道路、艺术、制造业、教育以及各州内的其他伟大事业。
In time of war, if injustice by ourselves or others must sometimes produce war, increased as the same revenue will be by increased population and consumption, and aided by other resources reserved for that crisis, it may meet within the year all the expenses of the year without encroaching on the rights of future generations by burthening them with the debts of the past. War will then be but a suspension of useful works, and a return to a state of peace, a return to the progress of improvement. 在战争时期，如果我们自己或他人的不公正有时必须引发战争，随着人口和消费的增加，同样的税收也会增加，再加上为危机储备的其他资源，可能在一年内满足全年的所有开支，而不会通过让后代承担过去的债务来侵犯他们的权利。届时战争将只是有用工程的暂停，而恢复和平状态，就是恢复进步的进程。
I have said, fellow-citizens, that the income reserved had enabled us to extend our limits, but that extension may possibly pay for itself before we are called on, and in the meantime may keep down the accruing interest; in all events, it will replace the advances we shall have made. 同胞们，我说过保留的收入使我们能够扩大领土范围，但这种扩张可能在我们被要求付款之前就自行支付，同时可以抑制应计利息；无论如何，它将弥补我们所做的预付款。
I know that the acquisition of Louisiana had been disapproved by some from a candid apprehension that the enlargement of our territory would endanger its union. But who can limit the extent to which the federative principle may operate effectively? The larger our association the less will it be shaken by local passions; and in any view is it not better that the opposite bank of the Mississippi should be settled by our own brethren and children than by strangers of another family? With which should we be most likely to live in harmony and friendly intercourse? 我知道路易斯安那购地遭到一些人的反对，他们坦诚地担心领土扩大会危及联邦统一。但谁能限制联邦原则有效运作的范围呢？我们的联盟越大，受地方激情的动摇就越小；无论从哪个角度看，密西西比河对岸由我们自己的兄弟和子孙定居，难道不比由另一个家族的陌生人定居更好吗？我们更可能与谁和谐友好地相处？
In matters of religion I have considered that its free exercise is placed by the Constitution independent of the powers of the General Government. I have therefore undertaken on no occasion to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it, but have left them, as the Constitution found them, under the direction and discipline of the church or state authorities acknowledged by the several religious societies. 在宗教事务上，我认为宪法将宗教自由置于联邦政府权力之外。因此，我从未在任何场合规定适合宗教的宗教仪式，而是按照宪法的规定，将其交由各宗教团体认可的教会或州当局指导和管理。
The aboriginal inhabitants of these countries I have regarded with the commiseration their history inspires. Endowed with the faculties and the rights of men, breathing an ardent love of liberty and independence, and occupying a country which left them no desire but to be undisturbed, the stream of overflowing population from other regions directed itself on these shores; 这些国家的原住民，他们的历史所唤起的同情让我心生怜悯。他们拥有人类的才能和权利，热切热爱自由和独立，占据着一块让他们别无他求只求不受打扰的土地，但来自其他地区的过剩人口涌向这些海岸；
without power to divert or habits to contend against it, they have been overwhelmed by the current or driven before it; now reduced within limits too narrow for the hunter's state, humanity enjoins us to teach them agriculture and the domestic arts; to encourage them to that industry which alone can enable them to maintain their place in existence and to prepare them in time for that state of society which to bodily comforts adds the improvement of the mind and morals. 他们无力阻挡，也没有与之抗衡的习惯，被洪流淹没或驱赶；现在被限制在对于狩猎生活来说过于狭窄的范围内，人道主义要求我们教他们农业和家庭技艺；鼓励他们从事唯有如此才能维持生存的工业，并及时让他们准备好进入不仅有物质舒适，还有心智和道德提升的社会状态。
We have therefore liberally furnished them with the implements of husbandry and household use; we have placed among them instructors in the arts of first necessity, and they are covered with the aegis of the law against aggressors from among ourselves. 因此，我们慷慨地为他们提供农业和家庭用具；我们在他们中间安置了传授基本技艺的教师，并以法律的保护罩庇护他们免受我们中间入侵者的侵害。
But the endeavors to enlighten them on the fate which awaits their present course of life, to induce them to exercise their reason, follow its dictates, and change their pursuits with the change of circumstances have powerful obstacles to encounter; they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, and the influence of interested and crafty individuals among them who feel themselves something in the present order of things and fear to become nothing in any other. 然而，努力启发他们认识到目前生活方式所等待的命运，引导他们运用理性、遵循理性的指示、随着环境的变化改变追求，遇到了强大的障碍；这些障碍来自他们的身体习惯、思想偏见、无知、骄傲，以及他们中间那些在现有秩序中感到自己有些地位、害怕在其他秩序中变得一无是处的既得利益者和狡猾之人的影响。
These persons inculcate a sanctimonious reverence for the customs of their ancestors; that whatsoever they did must be done through all time; that reason is a false guide, and to advance under its counsel in their physical, moral, or political condition is perilous innovation; that their duty is to remain as their Creator made them, ignorance being safety and knowledge full of danger; 这些人灌输对祖先习俗的神圣崇敬；认为他们所做的一切必须永远照做；认为理性是错误的向导，在理性的指导下改善他们的物质、道德或政治状况是危险的革新；认为他们的职责是保持造物主创造他们时的样子，无知即是安全，知识充满危险；
in short, my friends, among them also is seen the action and counteraction of good sense and of bigotry; they too have their antiphilosophists who find an interest in keeping things in their present state, who dread reformation, and exert all their faculties to maintain the ascendancy of habit over the duty of improving our reason and obeying its mandates. 简而言之，朋友们，在他们中间也可以看到理智与偏执的作用与反作用；他们也有反哲学家，这些人在维持现状中找到了利益，害怕改革，并尽其所能维持习惯对改进理性和服从理性命令的职责的支配地位。
In giving these outlines I do not mean, fellow-citizens, to arrogate to myself the merit of the measures. That is due, in the first place, to the reflecting character of our citizens at large, who, by the weight of public opinion, influence and strengthen the public measures. 同胞们，我列举这些概述，并非自夸措施的功绩。这首先应归功于我国全体公民的反思精神，他们通过公众舆论的力量影响和加强公共措施。
It is due to the sound discretion with which they select from among themselves those to whom they confide the legislative duties. It is due to the zeal and wisdom of the characters thus selected, who lay the foundations of public happiness in wholesome laws, the execution of which alone remains for others, and it is due to the able and faithful auxiliaries, whose patriotism has associated them with me in the executive functions. 这归功于他们选择立法职责承担者时的明智判断。这归功于那些被选中者的热情和智慧，他们以有益的法律奠定公共幸福的基础，而执行这些法律的工作留给他人；这也归功于那些有能力且忠诚的助手，他们的爱国精神使他们与我共同承担行政职能。
During this course of administration, and in order to disturb it, the artillery of the press has been leveled against us, charged with whatsoever its licentiousness could devise or dare. These abuses of an institution so important to freedom and science are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness and to sap its safety. 在本届政府期间，为了扰乱政府，新闻界的炮火对准了我们，充斥着其放肆所能设想或敢于捏造的一切。对于这样一个对自由和科学如此重要的机构的滥用，令人深感遗憾，因为它们倾向于降低其效用并削弱其安全性。
They might, indeed, have been corrected by the wholesome punishments reserved to and provided by the laws of the several States against falsehood and defamation, but public duties more urgent press on the time of public servants, and the offenders have therefore been left to find their punishment in the public indignation. 这些滥用本可以通过各州法律规定的针对虚假和诽谤的有益惩罚来纠正，但公共事务的紧迫性占据了公职人员的时间，因此违法者被留给公众的愤慨来惩罚。
Nor was it uninteresting to the world that an experiment should be fairly and fully made, whether freedom of discussion, unaided by power, is not sufficient for the propagation and protection of truth—whether a government conducting itself in the true spirit of its constitution, with zeal and purity, and doing no act which it would be unwilling the whole world should witness, can be written down by falsehood and defamation. 对世界而言，公平而充分地进行一项实验并非无关紧要——即不受权力辅助的讨论自由是否足以传播和保护真理——一个以宪法真正精神行事、充满热情和纯洁、不做任何不愿让全世界见证的事情的政府，能否被虚假和诽谤所诋毁。
The experiment has been tried; you have witnessed the scene; our fellow-citizens looked on, cool and collected; they saw the latent source from which these outrages proceeded; they gathered around their public functionaries, and when the Constitution called them to the decision by suffrage, they pronounced their verdict, honorable to those who had served them and consolatory to the friend of man who believes that he may be trusted with the control of his own affairs. 这项实验已经进行；你们见证了这一幕；我们的同胞冷静而镇定地旁观；他们看到了这些暴行的潜在来源；他们聚集在公职人员周围；当宪法通过投票召唤他们作出决定时，他们宣布了他们的裁决——这对那些为他们服务的人是光荣的，对相信人类可以被信任管理自己事务的人是令人欣慰的。
No inference is here intended that the laws provided by the States against false and defamatory publications should not be enforced; he who has time renders a service to public morals and public tranquillity in reforming these abuses by the salutary coercions of the law; 这里无意暗示各州针对虚假和诽谤性出版物的法律不应执行；有时间的人通过法律的有益强制纠正这些滥用行为，是在为公共道德和公共安宁服务；
but the experiment is noted to prove that, since truth and reason have maintained their ground against false opinions in league with false facts, the press, confined to truth, needs no other legal restraint; the public judgment will correct false reasoning and opinions on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press and its demoralizing licentiousness. 但这项实验表明，既然真理和理性在与虚假事实勾结的虚假意见面前站稳了脚跟，新闻界只要限于真理，就不需要其他法律约束；公众的判断将在各方充分陈述后纠正错误的推理和意见；在新闻界宝贵的自由与败坏道德的放肆之间，无法划出其他明确的界限。
If there be still improprieties which this rule would not restrain, its supplement must be sought in the censorship of public opinion. 如果仍有此规则无法约束的不当行为，其补充手段必须在公众舆论的审查中寻找。
Contemplating the union of sentiment now manifested so generally as auguring harmony and happiness to our future course, I offer to our country sincere congratulations. With those, too, not yet rallied to the same point the disposition to do so is gaining strength; facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them, and our doubting brethren will at length see that the mass of their fellow-citizens with whom they can not yet resolve to act as to principles and measures, think as they think and desire what they desire; 看到现在普遍表现出的舆论一致预示着我们未来进程的和谐与幸福，我向我们的国家表示诚挚的祝贺。对于那些尚未加入同一阵线的人，加入的倾向正在增强；事实正在穿透掩盖它们的面纱，我们持怀疑态度的同胞最终将看到，他们尚未决心与之就原则和措施采取行动的大多数同胞，想法与他们相同，愿望与他们一致；
that our wish as well as theirs is that the public efforts may be directed honestly to the public good, that peace be cultivated, civil and religious liberty unassailed, law and order preserved, equality of rights maintained, and that state of property, equal or unequal, which results to every man from his own industry or that of his father's. 我们和他们的愿望都是，公共努力应诚实地用于公共利益，和平应得到培育，公民和宗教自由不受侵犯，法律和秩序得到维护，权利平等得到保持，以及每个人从自己或父辈的勤劳中获得的财产状态——无论平等与否。
When satisfied of these views it is not in human nature that they should not approve and support them. In the meantime let us cherish them with patient affection, let us do them justice, and more than justice, in all competitions of interest; and we need not doubt that truth, reason, and their own interests will at length prevail, will gather them into the fold of their country, and will complete that entire union of opinion which gives to a nation the blessing of harmony and the benefit of all its strength. 当他们确信这些观点时，人性使然，他们不可能不认可和支持这些观点。在此期间，让我们以耐心的关爱珍视他们，在所有利益竞争中公正对待他们，甚至超越公正；我们无需怀疑，真理、理性和他们自身的利益最终将占上风，将他们聚集到国家的怀抱中，并完成那种使国家享有和谐祝福和全部力量益处的完整舆论统一。
I shall now enter on the duties to which my fellow-citizens have again called me, and shall proceed in the spirit of those principles which they have approved. I fear not that any motives of interest may lead me astray; I am sensible of no passion which could seduce me knowingly from the path of justice, but the weaknesses of human nature and the limits of my own understanding will produce errors of judgment sometimes injurious to your interests. 我现在将开始履行同胞们再次召唤我承担的职责，并将以他们认可的原则精神行事。我不担心任何利益动机可能使我误入歧途；我深知没有任何激情能够故意引诱我偏离正义之路，但人性的弱点和我自身理解力的局限有时会产生损害你们利益的判断错误。
I shall need, therefore, all the indulgence which I have heretofore experienced from my constituents; the want of it will certainly not lessen with increasing years. I shall need, too, the favor of that Being in whose hands we are, who led our fathers, as Israel of old, from their native land and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries and comforts of life; 因此，我需要我迄今为止从选民那里得到的所有宽容；随着年龄增长，这种宽容的需求肯定不会减少。我也需要我们所依赖的那一位的眷顾，他带领我们的祖先，如同带领古时的以色列人，离开故土，在一片流淌着所有生活必需品和舒适品的土地上定居；
who has covered our infancy with His providence and our riper years with His wisdom and power, and to whose goodness I ask you to join in supplications with me that He will so enlighten the minds of your servants, guide their councils, and prosper their measures that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, and shall secure to you the peace, friendship, and approbation of all nations. 他以他的眷顾覆盖我们的幼年，以他的智慧和力量覆盖我们的成年岁月。我请求你们与我一起向他祈祷，愿他启迪你们仆人的心灵，指引他们的决策，使他们的措施繁荣，无论他们做什么都能造福于你们，并确保你们获得所有国家的和平、友谊和认可。