Thank you! Thank you so much. Everybody, please have a seat. Thank you very much. Xin chào. Thank you, Tu, for the excellent introduction and your outstanding work to help more young people in Vietnam get an education. Give Tu a big round of applause. It’s not that easy introducing the President of the United States. Also because the podium was a little higher than her. 谢谢！非常感谢。大家请坐。非常感谢。你们好。感谢杜（Tu）的精彩介绍，以及你为帮助更多越南年轻人获得教育所做的杰出工作。请大家为杜热烈鼓掌。介绍美国总统可不是件容易的事。而且因为讲台比她还高了一点。
I want to thank everybody at the GEM Convention Center for hosting us. I want to thank the government and the people of Vietnam for the wonderful hospitality that you've extended to me over the past three days. I've been deeply touched. 我要感谢宝石会展中心（GEM Convention Center）所有人的接待。我要感谢越南政府和人民在过去三天里给予我的盛情款待。我深受感动。
Wherever I travel around the world, obviously one of my jobs is to meet with government leaders. And these meetings are important. But it means that I spend a lot of time with older people like me. There's a lot of gray hair in the room. 无论我在世界哪个地方访问，显然我的工作之一就是与政府领导人会面。这些会面很重要。但这意味着我要花很多时间和像我这样的老年人在一起。房间里有很多白发。
So one of my favorite parts of the trips I take overseas is to get out of the government offices and to spend time with young people like you. It’s fun. It gives me incredible optimism about the future, because all of you embody the energy and the drive that is helping to propel this region to new heights. You make me hopeful about the future of ASEAN, hopeful about the future of the world. 所以我每次出国访问最喜欢的部分之一就是走出政府办公室，和像你们这样的年轻人在一起。这很有趣。它让我对未来充满了难以置信的乐观，因为你们所有人都体现了推动这一地区迈上新高度的能量和动力。你们让我对东盟的未来充满希望，对世界的未来充满希望。
And so that’s what I want to briefly talk about before I start taking your questions. 这就是我在开始回答你们的问题之前想简要谈谈的内容。
As I think all of you know, I have a strong personal connection to this part of the world, to the Asia Pacific and to Southeast Asia. I was born in Hawaii, spent most of my childhood in Hawaii. But I also spent time in Indonesia as a young boy. My sister was born in Jakarta. So this region helped to shape me. It is also why I really like the food. And I have to say that the food I've had since I've been here I've been really happy with. 我想大家都知道，我与这个地区、亚太地区和东南亚有着深厚的个人渊源。我出生在夏威夷，童年大部分时光在夏威夷度过。但我小时候也在印尼生活过。我的妹妹出生在雅加达。所以这个地区塑造了我。这也是我非常喜欢这里食物的原因。而且我得说，自从来到这里，我对吃到的食物一直非常满意。
Now, as President, a key part of my foreign policy is to deepen our ties with countries and that peoples of Southeast Asia. And we’ve done that. We've deepened the ties with our allies and our partners. We’ve engaged more with institutions like ASEAN. We’re pursuing the Trans-Pacific Partnership to grow our economies and to support jobs in our countries. Together, we’re promoting peace and encouraging sustainable development. We're protecting our environment, and trying to meet shared challenges like climate change. 作为总统，我外交政策的一个关键部分就是深化我们与东南亚国家和人民的联系。我们已经这样做了。我们深化了与盟友和伙伴的关系。我们更多地参与了东盟等机构的事务。我们正在推进《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（TPP），以发展我们的经济并支持我们各国的就业。我们共同促进和平，鼓励可持续发展。我们正在保护环境，并努力应对气候变化等共同挑战。
But government and businesses are only part of the equation. If we’re going to meet all of these challenges, we also have to build strong relationships between our people, and especially between young people like you and young people in other ASEAN countries. 但政府和企业只是其中的一部分。如果我们要应对所有这些挑战，我们还必须在我们各国人民之间建立牢固的关系，尤其是在像你们这样的年轻人与其他东盟国家的年轻人之间。
Keep in mind that here in Vietnam, two-thirds of you were born after 1975. As I often say to young Americans back home, your generation can look at the world with fresh eyes, without some of the old notions, the old habits of a previous generation. And that gives you the perspective and the power not just to help to grow Vietnam, but also to help shape the world. 请记住，在越南，三分之二的人出生在1975年之后。正如我经常对美国年轻人说的那样，你们这一代人可以用全新的眼光看待世界，不受前一代人某些旧观念、旧习惯的束缚。这给了你们视角和力量，不仅可以帮助越南发展，还可以帮助塑造世界。
Thanks to technology and social media, you’re the most connected generation in history. I see it in my daughters, who are always on the phone, and they have to teach me how to use the phone. More than 30 million people in Vietnam -- one-third of the population -- are on Facebook -- just on Facebook. You’re posting selfies -- I know. I was in the gym this morning, people were trying to take selfies. You're streaming the latest Son Tung MTP hit. But you're also exchanging ideas and learning from each other. 得益于科技和社交媒体，你们是历史上联系最紧密的一代人。我在我的女儿们身上看到了这一点，她们总是在玩手机，还得教我怎么用手机。越南有超过3000万人——占总人口的三分之一——在使用脸书——仅仅是脸书。你们在发自拍——我知道。我今早在健身房，人们都在试着自拍。你们在播放山松M-TP（Son Tung MTP）的最新热门歌曲。但你们也在交流思想，互相学习。
And so this gives you tremendous power. And we need your passion and energy and talents to tackle some of our biggest global challenges -- whether it's reducing poverty, to advancing equality for women and girls, to fighting climate change. 所以这赋予了你们巨大的力量。我们需要你们的热情、能量和才能来应对我们一些最大的全球挑战——无论是减少贫困、促进妇女和女童平等，还是应对气候变化。
Now, even in this digital age, as Tu pointed out, change doesn’t happen overnight. It requires that you stay active and involved over the long term. And it requires you to develop some practical tools. And that’s why, three years ago, I launched the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative -- or YSEALI. And the goal is to empower young people like you with the skills and the resources, and the networks that you need to turn your ideas into action. 即使在这个数字时代，正如杜所指出的，改变不会在一夜之间发生。它需要你们长期保持积极和参与。它需要你们发展一些实用的工具。这就是为什么三年前我发起了"东南亚青年领袖倡议"——简称YSEALI。其目标是为像你们这样的年轻人提供技能、资源和人脉网络，让你们将想法转化为行动。
Since we started this, the YSEALI Network has grown to more than 67,000 members across all 10 ASEAN countries -- including over 13,000 here in Vietnam alone. And we’ve welcomed more than 350 YSEALI Fellows to the United States -- including some of you -- with more than 200 coming in the next six months. 自启动以来，YSEALI网络已发展到超过67000名成员，遍布东盟全部10个国家——其中仅越南就有超过13000名。我们已接待了350多名YSEALI研究员访问美国——包括你们中的一些人——未来六个月还将有200多人到来。
So a lot of what we do in YSEALI is rooted in the power and importance of education. That’s why nearly 19,000 Vietnamese students studying in the United States right now are helping to bring back the kinds of skills and talents that Vietnam will need to continue to grow and develop. It’s why, on this visit, we announced a new partnership between American universities like Arizona State and Vietnamese universities to boost training in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine. 我们在YSEALI中所做的很多工作都植根于教育的力量和重要性。这就是为什么目前在美国学习的近19000名越南学生正在帮助带回越南继续增长和发展所需的各种技能和才能。
It’s why we announced that, for the first time, the Peace Corps will be coming to Vietnam, with a focus on teaching English. 这就是为什么在这次访问中，我们宣布了亚利桑那州立大学等美国大学与越南大学之间的新合作伙伴关系，以加强科学、技术、工程、数学和医学领域的培训。这就是为什么我们宣布，和平队将首次前往越南，重点教授英语。
And it’s why we announced that we’re moving ahead this fall with Fulbright University Vietnam, right here in Ho Chi Minh City -- the country’s first nonprofit, independent university. And the goal is to make sure that Vietnamese students, no matter what their background, has access to a world-class education that’s rooted in Vietnam’s rich culture and fueled by the free exchange of ideas. 这就是为什么我们宣布今年秋天将在胡志明市推进越南富布赖特大学（Fulbright University Vietnam）——这是该国第一所非营利性独立大学。我们的目标是确保越南学生，无论其背景如何，都能获得植根于越南丰富文化、以思想自由交流为动力的世界一流教育。
And I want to thank former Senator Bob Kerrey, who is here, who’s been one of the key people to help lead this effort. Thank you very much, Bob. 我要感谢前参议员鲍勃·克里（Bob Kerrey），他今天也在场，他是领导这项工作的关键人物之一。非常感谢你，鲍勃。
So all these efforts reflect our belief in you -- in your ability to keep moving Vietnam forward. And there are some incredible young people who are here who are great examples of the incredible talent and drive of young people in Vietnam today. For example, I see Vietnam’s promise in Ngan Dang. Where’s Ngan? Somewhere. There you are right there. 所以所有这些努力都反映了我们对你们的信心——相信你们有能力推动越南不断前进。今天在场的一些杰出年轻人就是越南当今年轻人惊人才能和动力的典范。例如，我从颜·邓（Ngan Dang）身上看到了越南的希望。颜在哪里？在某处。你就在那儿。
So I had a chance to meet Ngan when I welcomed our YSEALI Fellows to the White House. She started as a volunteer -- she started a volunteer group to work with street children and orphans, and people with physical disabilities right here in Ho Chi Minh City. So far, they’ve recruited some 450 volunteers, delivered over 7,000 hours of mentoring, built five libraries in two cities. And that's just one example of the incredible work that's being done by young people right here in Vietnam. We're very proud of you. Thank you. 我在白宫欢迎YSEALI研究员时有机会认识了颜。她从一名志愿者做起——她创办了一个志愿者团体，就在胡志明市帮助街头儿童、孤儿和身体残障人士。到目前为止，他们已经招募了约450名志愿者，提供了超过7000小时的辅导服务，在两座城市建立了五座图书馆。这只是越南年轻人所做杰出工作的一个例子。我们为你感到非常骄傲。谢谢你。
A couple other people I want to point out. We've got Loc Le Xuan. Where’s Loc? There he is right there. So Loc teaches at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University. He’s a researcher at the Pasteur Institute. His dream is to go back to his hometown and open a medical center so he can deliver quality, affordable health care. He also helped start Give2Give, which works with YSEALI members across ASEAN to improve their skills and build stronger networks. So we're very excited about the work that you're doing, Loc. Thank you so much. 我还想指出几个人。我们有勒春禄（Loc Le Xuan）。禄在哪里？他就在那儿。禄在胡志明市越南国立大学任教。他是巴斯德研究所的研究员。他的梦想是回到家乡，开设一家医疗中心，提供优质、负担得起的医疗服务。他还帮助创立了Give2Give组织，与东盟各地的YSEALI成员合作，提高他们的技能，建立更强大的人脉网络。我们对你正在做的工作感到非常兴奋，禄。非常感谢。
I'm going to close with one more story just to give you an example of the incredible work that's being done by young people. Elizabeth Phu is here, I think, and was born here. In the aftermath of the war, Liz and her family became refugees -- Liz was barely four years old. They packed themselves into a boat; they began a dangerous journey. Pirates ransacked their boat. But they made it to a refugee camp in Malaysia and, eventually, in 1979, to America. With just $20 in their pocket, Liz’s parents started to build a new life in California. 我最后再讲一个故事，就是想给你们举一个年轻人所做杰出工作的例子。伊丽莎白·傅（Elizabeth Phu）今天也在场，我想，她就出生在这里。战争结束后，莉兹（Liz）和她的家人成了难民——莉兹当时才四岁。他们挤上了一艘船，开始了危险的旅程。海盗洗劫了他们的船。但他们成功抵达马来西亚的一个难民营，最终于1979年到达美国。
They taught their children about the importance of education. And after years of studying and hard work, Liz -- a proud Vietnamese-American -- ended up becoming one of my top advisors on Asia in the White House. And we've relied on her for all kinds of incredible policy work that we've done over the last several years. 口袋里只有20美元，莉兹的父母开始在加州建立新生活。他们教育孩子们教育的重要性。经过多年的学习和努力，莉兹——一位自豪的越南裔美国人——最终成为我在白宫的亚洲事务高级顾问之一。过去几年里，我们完成的各种出色政策工作都离不开她的支持。
So Tu, Ngan, Loc, Liz, so many of you -- you're already showing that you can change the world to reflect our best values. You’re showing that with determination and commitment, and optimism and hard work, anything is possible. And that's why I'm so hopeful about the future between the United States and Vietnam, that our relationship will continue to grow deeper and stronger. But I'm also optimistic that you're going to be able to change the region and the world in so many positive ways. 所以杜、颜、禄、莉兹，还有你们中的许多人——你们已经在表明，你们可以改变世界，使之体现我们最美好的价值观。你们在表明，只要有决心、有承诺、有乐观精神和辛勤工作，一切皆有可能。这就是为什么我对美越两国的未来充满希望，相信我们的关系将继续深化和加强。但我也乐观地认为，你们将能够在许多积极的方面改变这个地区和世界。
So as the great Trần Lập sang, “the path to glory days is getting closer.” So cam on. 正如伟大的Trần Lập所唱的那样，"通往光辉岁月的道路越来越近。" 谢谢。
So with that, now is the time for me to start taking some questions. I don't know if you’ve been briefed, but we have microphones in the audience. I'm going to just call on people and I'm going to go boy, girl, boy, girl, so it's fair. If you can keep your questions relatively short, so that we can get as many questions as possible. And introduce yourself before you ask the question so we know who you are. Okay? I'm going to start right here. We've got a microphone coming. 那么，现在是我开始回答问题的时候了。我不知道你们是否已经被告知，但观众席中有麦克风。我会随机点人，我会按男、女、男、女的顺序来，这样很公平。如果你们能把问题控制得相对简短一些，这样我们就能回答尽可能多的问题。提问前请先自我介绍，这样我们就知道你是谁了。好吗？我就从这里开始。麦克风马上过来。
Question: Good morning, Mr. President. I'm from Ho Chi Minh City. And we are 100 percent Vietnamese-owned company that produce high-end plastic products and components in the supporting industries. And today it is our honor to meet with the President, and we have an ambition to request for your help -- and that is we would like to be given opportunities to approach the leading enterprises in the United States, especially in the sector of consumer electronics, automotive, and airline industries, and other plastic-related products for supporting industries. 问：早上好，总统先生。我来自胡志明市。我们是一家100%越南独资企业，生产高端塑料产品和配套工业零部件。
And so, under your help, we could be able to join and be the supplier in the direct supply chain. And we are committed to share the values of integrity and accountability. Thank you, Mr. President. 今天能与总统见面，我们感到非常荣幸，我们有一个大胆的请求，希望得到您的帮助——那就是我们希望有机会接触美国的领先企业，特别是消费电子、汽车、航空工业以及其他塑料相关配套产品领域的企业。因此，在您的帮助下，我们将能够加入并成为直接供应链中的供应商。我们承诺秉持诚信和负责的价值观。谢谢您，总统先生。
President Obama: Well, thank you so much. As you know, one of the things that we're really emphasizing is entrepreneurship -- the idea of people starting their own businesses, selling goods across borders, creating jobs, creating great products and services. And yesterday I had a chance to meet with a number of young Vietnamese entrepreneurs who are already starting to create digital platforms to sell goods not just in Vietnam but also overseas. 奥巴马总统：非常感谢。如你所知，我们真正强调的重点之一就是创业精神——也就是人们创办自己的企业、跨境销售商品、创造就业机会、创造优质产品和服务的理念。昨天我有机会会见了一些年轻的越南企业家，他们已经开始创建数字平台，不仅在越南而且在海外销售商品。
This is one of the reasons why we're pushing very hard for the Trans-Pacific Partnership -- TPP. Because what that does is it reduces the barriers between countries for selling their goods and services. It gives opportunities not just to big companies but also to small companies to enter into the global supply chain. It raises labor standards and environmental standards so that all countries are working on a level playing field. 这就是我们大力推进《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》——简称TPP——的原因之一。因为TPP的作用就是减少国家之间销售商品和服务的壁垒。它不仅为大公司，也为小公司进入全球供应链提供了机会。它提高了劳工标准和环境标准，使所有国家都在一个公平的竞争环境中运作。
And if we can get that done -- and the goal is, I think, to try to complete TPP before the end of this year -- then that will open up a lot of opportunities, and create great confidence among investors here in Vietnam and U.S. companies who are interested in working with young people like you who may have a great idea. 如果我们能做到这一点——我认为目标是在今年年底前完成TPP——那么这将打开大量机会，并为越南的投资者和有兴趣与像你们这样可能有好想法的年轻人合作的美国公司建立巨大信心。
Now, my general rule in all this is not to actually broker deals and sign contracts. That's somebody else's job. My job is to make sure that we have the kinds of rules in place that make it easier for businesses to get to know each other, to meet. And one of the things that we're doing with the Vietnamese government is constantly looking for opportunities for trade missions, for businesses to come and learn about what's going on. 现在，我在这方面的一般原则是不实际促成交易和签订合同。那是别人的工作。我的工作是确保我们制定合适的规则，让企业更容易相互了解、相互接触。我们与越南政府正在做的一件事就是不断寻找贸易代表团的机会，让企业来这里了解情况。
And so what we'll do is we'll make sure that, through the consulate or through the embassy, if and when we have U.S. businesses who are coming here to Vietnam and are interested in meeting young entrepreneurs, that you'll have an opportunity potentially to present your ideas and see if you can make a deal. 所以我们要做的是，通过领事馆或大使馆，如果有美国企业来越南并有兴趣会见年轻企业家，我们会确保你们有机会展示你们的想法，看看能否达成合作。
All right? Good luck. 好吗？祝你好运。
All right, it's a gentleman's turn. All right, this guy. He looks very happy -- right here. 好的，该男士提问了。好的，这位先生。他看起来很开心——就是这儿。
Question: Hello, sir. I'm a student in Vietnam National University. I have two questions for you. The first one is that you are a very great leader, and we are young leaders. Do you have any advice that how can we be great like you? 问：您好，先生。我是越南国立大学的学生。我有两个问题想问您。第一个是，您是一位非常伟大的领袖，而我们是年轻领袖。您有什么建议，我们怎样才能像您一样伟大？
President Obama: Oh, wow. Now, what's the second question? 奥巴马总统：哇，好的。第二个问题是什么？
Question: And the second question is, we are young leaders. Do you have any suggestion that how can we have to strengthen the relationship between Vietnam and America? 问：第二个问题是，我们是年轻领袖。您对我们如何加强越美关系有什么建议？
President Obama: First of all, let me tell you, that when I was your age, I was not as well-organized and well-educated and sophisticated as all of you. When I was young, I fooled around a lot. I didn’t always take my studies very seriously. And I was more interested in basketball -- and girls. And I wasn’t always that serious. So you're already way ahead of me. You're doing good. 奥巴马总统：首先，让我告诉你们，我在你们这个年纪的时候，可没有你们所有人这么有条理、这么有学识、这么成熟。我年轻的时候，经常游手好闲。我并不总是认真对待学业。我对篮球更感兴趣——还有女孩子。我并不总是那么认真。所以你们已经比我那时强多了。你们做得很好。
Whenever I meet with young people and they ask me this question, my most important advice is to find something that you care deeply about, find something that excites you, and put all your energy and effort into it -- because the path for everybody is different. Some people are very passionate about education. Some people are very passionate about medicine. Some people are passionate about business. 每当我遇到年轻人问我这个问题时，我最重要的建议就是找到你深深热爱的事情，找到让你兴奋的事情，然后把你所有的精力和努力都投入进去——因为每个人的道路都是不同的。有些人对教育充满热情。有些人对医学充满热情。有些人对商业充满热情。
And so there's no one path to ending up being a leader. People sometimes think that to be a leader you have to be a great -- you have to make great speeches, or you have to be in politics. But there are a lot of ways to lead. Some of the greatest leaders are people who are behind the scenes. 所以成为领袖没有唯一的路径。人们有时认为，要成为领袖，你必须是一个伟大的——你必须发表伟大的演讲，或者你必须从政。但领导的方式有很多种。一些最伟大的领袖是幕后工作者。
So, for example, in the United States, during the Civil Rights Movement that helped to create opportunities for people like me -- because at the time, African Americans couldn’t fully participate in society -- everybody here has heard of Martin Luther King, but there were all these young organizers, your age -- people like Bob Moses and John Lewis, and others who were helping go into poor communities and registering voters, and getting them active and getting them involved. And they were enormous leaders, amazing leaders -- even though they never made big speeches in front of big crowds. 例如，在美国，为像我这样的人创造机会的民权运动期间——因为在那个时候，非裔美国人还不能完全参与社会——在座的每个人都听说过马丁·路德·金，但还有所有这些年轻的组织者，和你们年纪相仿——像鲍勃·摩西（Bob Moses）和约翰·刘易斯（John Lewis）这样的人，还有其他人，他们深入贫困社区，登记选民，让他们积极起来，参与进来。他们是伟大的领袖，了不起的领袖——尽管他们从不在大庭广众之下发表长篇大论。
But you have to feel passionate about something. And one of the things that I always tell young people is, don’t worry so much about what you want to be; worry more about what you want to do. And what I mean by that is, if you are passionate about your work, then naturally over time you are going to rise and people will admire and respect what you've done. But if all you're thinking about is, I want to be a member of the National Assembly, or I want to be very rich, or I want to be this or I want to be that, then you pay less attention to the actual work in front of you. 但你必须对某件事充满热情。我一直告诉年轻人的一件事是，不要太担心你想成为什么样的人；多想想你想做什么。我的意思是，如果你对你的工作充满热情，那么随着时间的推移，你自然会成长，人们会钦佩和尊重你所做的事情。但如果你满脑子想的都是，我想成为国会议员，或者我想变得非常富有，或者我想成为这个或那个，那么你就不会那么关注眼前的实际工作。
And most of the people I meet who are very successful, in any field, are people who just love their work. So Bill Gates, who started Microsoft, he didn’t start off thinking, I want to be a multi-billionaire. He started off thinking, I really like computers and I want to find out how I can create really neat software. 我遇到的大多数非常成功的人，无论在哪个领域，都是热爱自己工作的人。比如创办微软的比尔·盖茨，他一开始并没有想，我想成为亿万富翁。他一开始想的是，我真的很喜欢电脑，我想找出我能创造出什么很棒的软件。
I didn’t start off thinking I wanted to be President of the United States. When I finally stopped fooling around and I wanted to get serious, what I decided was that I wanted to help people in low-income communities, poor people, have opportunity. And so I went to work in poor neighborhoods in Chicago. And because I was interested in the work, I started asking questions: Okay, how can I get more education dollars for these communities? How can I get better housing built in these communities? And that's when I became more aware of how politics worked. 我一开始也没有想过要成为美国总统。当我最终不再游手好闲、想要认真起来的时候，我决定的是我想帮助低收入社区的人们，帮助穷人获得机会。所以我去了芝加哥的贫困社区工作。因为我对这份工作感兴趣，我开始问问题：好吧，我怎样才能为这些社区争取到更多的教育经费？我怎样才能在这些社区建起更好的住房？
And I started asking questions about how could I have more influence and how could I build organizations that could potentially deliver the things that I was interested in. And that's what led me into politics. But I didn’t start off saying I want to be President. I started off saying I wanted to help these people. 就在那时，我开始更清楚地认识到政治是如何运作的。我开始思考，我怎样才能有更大的影响力，我怎样才能建立组织，来实现我关心的那些事情。这就是我进入政坛的原因。但我一开始并没有说我想当总统。我一开始说的是我想帮助这些人。
So that's my most important advice. Decide what it is that you care about deeply, and then put everything you have into doing that. If you're interested in social media and you want to start a company, then focus on that. And if you're interested in health care for people in villages around Vietnam, focus on that. And if you get good at that, naturally you’ll end up being a leader and you’ll have opportunities to do great things in the future. 所以这是我最重要的建议。确定你深深关心的是什么，然后全力以赴去做。如果你对社交媒体感兴趣，想创办一家公司，那就专注于此。如果你关心越南农村地区人民的医疗保健，那就专注于此。如果你在这方面做得很好，你自然会成为一名领袖，你将有机会在未来做伟大的事情。
All right? Good. Okay, it's a young lady’s turn. There you go, since you got such a -- when you’ve got the paddy hat with the “Thank you, Obama” -- That was good organizing. So go ahead. She came prepared. 好吗？好的。好，该这位年轻女士了。来吧，既然你这么——既然你戴着那顶写着"谢谢你，奥巴马"的稻田帽——组织得很好。请吧。她是有备而来的。
Question: I am. So thank you very much, President, for your very inspiring speeches. I'm from an organization called "Save Son Doong." So yesterday I literally burst into tears when you mentioned preserving the cave for our children, our grandchildren. That is something that we have been trying to do for the past few years. So my question for you is that, because Son Doong does not just belong to Vietnam, it is a world heritage, how would you, an American leader, a global citizen, preserve it? And you also mentioned that you would like to get back to Vietnam. 问：是的。总统先生，非常感谢您非常鼓舞人心的演讲。我来自一个叫做"拯救韩松洞（Save Son Doong）"的组织。所以昨天当您提到要为我们的子孙后代保护这个洞穴时，我真的哭了。这是我们过去几年来一直在努力做的事情。
If you have a chance to visit Son Doong, would you like to do it on foot by trekking, or would you take a cable car? Fortunately, there’s one. And also I have a gift. 所以我的问题是，因为韩松洞不仅仅属于越南，它是世界遗产，作为一位美国领导人，一位世界公民，您会如何保护它？您还提到您想再回越南。如果您有机会参观韩松洞，您是想徒步前往，还是想坐缆车？幸运的是，那里有缆车。我还有一份礼物。
President Obama: Well, you've got a shirt for me. 奥巴马总统：哦，你给我带了一件衬衫。
Question: It would be my honor if you accept this gift. 问：如果您接受这份礼物，我将不胜荣幸。
President Obama: Well, that's a beautiful shirt. Well, first of all, I definitely want to go visit the next time I come. And I'm a pretty healthy guy, so I can go on foot. How long is it? 奥巴马总统：嗯，这件衬衫很漂亮。嗯，首先，我下次来的时候一定要去看看。我身体很好，所以我可以步行去。要走多久？
Question: Seven days. 问：七天。
President Obama: Seven days. Okay, I'm good. I can do that. Are there places to get something to eat along the way, or do I have to carry my own food? Well, no, I'll carry it myself. 奥巴马总统：七天。好的，没问题。我能做到。路上有地方吃饭吗，还是我得自己带食物？好吧，不用，我自己带。
Well, look, I think the possible designation of a world heritage site is a complex process. It would involve I think working with the government of Vietnam, with existing organizations that designate world heritage sites. We'll be happy to work with your organization, with the Vietnamese government and others about the possibilities of doing that. 嗯，我认为世界遗产的可能认定是一个复杂的过程。我认为这需要与越南政府、与指定世界遗产的现有组织合作。我们很乐意与你们的组织、与越南政府以及其他方面合作，探讨这样做的可能性。
But I do think that one of the great things about your generation is, is that you're already much more conscious about the environment than my generation was or previous generations were. And that's really important not only to preserve beautiful sites in our countries, but also because economic development and the well-being and the health of your people and everyone around the world is going to depend on how we deal with some of these environmental issues. 但我确实认为，你们这一代人最了不起的一点是，你们比我这一代或前几代人都更加关注环境。这真的很重要，不仅是为了保护我们国家美丽的地方，而且因为经济发展、你们人民和全世界人民的福祉与健康，都将取决于我们如何应对其中一些环境问题。
Now, to some degree, this is not fair, I think it's important to note, because if you think about Western industrial development, before we knew anything about climate change, they used enormous amounts of carbon energy, and we in the United States have a huge carbon footprint and for 100 years, or 150 years, were helping to warm the planet. So it's not entirely fair, then, to say to countries that are developing now, well, you have to stop because of climate change. 现在，在某种程度上，这不公平，我认为必须指出这一点，因为如果你想想西方的工业发展，在我们对气候变化一无所知之前，他们使用了大量的碳能源，而我们美国的碳足迹巨大，100年来，或者说150年来，一直在导致地球变暖。所以然后对现在正在发展的国家说，好了，因为气候变化，你们必须停下来，这不完全公平。
But the problem is, is that if a country like Vietnam, or China, or India took the same development path that the West did, we're all going to be under water, because the climate is going to warm up so quickly and the climate patterns are going to change, that, in fact, the terrible consequences could actually impede development rather than advance development. 但问题是，如果像越南、中国或印度这样的国家走与西方相同的发展道路，我们都会被水淹没，因为气候会变暖得太快，气候模式会发生变化，事实上，可怕的后果实际上可能会阻碍发展，而不是促进发展。
That’s why we had this agreement in Paris to have all countries join together to deal with climate change. And what it says is, is that each country at different stages of development have different obligations. The United States, we have to do more. Countries like China that are large have to do more. But everybody has to do something. 这就是为什么我们在巴黎达成了协议，让所有国家联合起来应对气候变化。协议说的是，每个处于不同发展阶段的国家有不同的义务。美国，我们必须做得更多。像中国这样的大国必须做得更多。但每个人都必须有所作为。
And we all have an obligation then also to help developing countries find new paths for energy and development that are environmentally friendly, developing clean energy strategies that can leapfrog over the old, dirty industries and immediately go to the clean industries. 然后我们所有人都有义务帮助发展中国家找到新的能源和发展道路，这些道路是环境友好型的，发展清洁能源战略，可以跨越旧的、高污染的产业，直接进入清洁产业。
Now, the good news is I think that can happen. Because if you think about -- everybody here has a cellphone, right? Everybody has a smartphone? Yes, you do. Of course, you do. Well, in many countries like Vietnam, you didn’t start off with a lot of phone towers and digging and laying telephone lines under the ground. You leapfrogged the old technologies and immediately went to a cellular technology and a wireless technology. Well, the same thing that we're doing with communications, that's what we need to do with energy. 好消息是我认为这是可以实现的。因为你想想——在座的每个人都有手机，对吧？每个人都有智能手机？是的，当然有。嗯，在像越南这样的许多国家，你们一开始并没有很多电话信号塔，也没有在地下铺设电话线。你们跨越了旧技术，直接进入了蜂窝技术和无线技术。嗯，我们在通信领域所做的事情，正是我们在能源领域需要做的。
And so, instead of going through the same energy usage in developing and providing electricity and power, we need to start immediately finding cleaner energy sources, which can create jobs and businesses and opportunities all throughout this region. And I'm very excited about the possibilities of doing that. 因此，我们不需要在发展和提供电力能源方面经历同样的能源使用阶段，我们需要立即开始寻找更清洁的能源，这可以在整个地区创造就业机会、企业和机遇。我对这样做的可能性感到非常兴奋。
So we have to think about beautiful areas that need to be preserved. But we also have to recognize that no matter how well we preserve one or two areas in each country, if the overall climate patterns change radically, then we're all going to be in a really difficult situation. And you're already starting to see the effects of climate change here in Vietnam. I think this country is going to be one of the most affected. And in someplace like the Mekong Delta, you have drought on the one hand, but you also have saline intrusion on the other hand. 所以我们必须考虑需要保护的美丽地区。但我们也必须认识到，无论我们在每个国家保护一两个地区做得多好，如果整体气候模式发生根本性变化，那么我们所有人都会陷入非常困难的境地。你们已经开始在越南看到气候变化的影响了。我认为这个国家将是受影响最严重的国家之一。
And that could have a huge impact on Vietnam’s ability to feed its people, on fishermen, on farmers. And it could be a really, really big problem if we don't do something about it. So it's going to be up to you to start, and I'm going to want to partner with you to make that happen. 在湄公河三角洲这样的地方，一方面有干旱，另一方面又有海水入侵。这可能会对越南养活人民的能力、对渔民、对农民产生巨大影响。如果我们不采取措施，这可能会成为一个非常非常大的问题。所以这要靠你们来开始行动，我希望与你们合作实现这一目标。
Thanks for the t-shirt also. 也谢谢你的T恤。
All right, so let’s see. You got flags and everything. Gentleman -- right here. 好的，让我看看。你们连国旗都带来了什么的。这位先生——就你了。
Question: Good morning, President Obama. I'm from Study Abroad, which brings American students to come to Vietnam to learn. My question is that, as you said earlier, YSEALI initiative -- and I know that you want to leave the White House very soon, but I'm wondering, when you leave do you come up any plans to handle for the next President to maintain this very good idea? Thanks. 问：早上好，奥巴马总统。我来自"留学海外"（Study Abroad）组织，我们带美国学生来越南学习。我的问题是，正如您之前所说的YSEALI倡议——我知道您很快就要离开白宫了，但我想知道，您离开后有没有计划让下一任总统继续推进这个非常好的倡议？谢谢。
President Obama: Well, it's a great question. This is something that we're already planning. Our expectation is, is that the next President will want to continue the incredible work that we've done with the YSEALI. It's not just, by the way, young people in Southeast Asia that we're doing this with. We have a Young Africa Leaders program that involves young people from 50 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. We have a Latin American version that brings young people together. 奥巴马总统：嗯，这是个很好的问题。这是我们已经在计划的事情。我们的期望是，下一任总统会希望继续我们在YSEALI方面所做的出色工作。顺便说一句，不仅仅是与东南亚的年轻人开展这样的项目。
And at some point, we're going to bring key leaders from each of these areas so that they can start learning from each other. 我们有一个非洲青年领袖项目，涉及撒哈拉以南非洲50个国家的年轻人。我们还有一个拉丁美洲版本，让年轻人聚在一起。在某个时候，我们会把这些地区的关键领袖聚集在一起，这样他们就可以开始互相学习。
And our hope is, is that the State Department will continue this program. But one of the things -- people always ask me, what am I going to do after I leave the presidency. Because I'm so relatively young -- not compared to you, but compared to other Presidents, I'm pretty young. And I don't know everything that I'm going to do, but the one thing I do know I will continue to work on is developing young leaders in the United States and around the world. 我们的希望是，国务院将继续这个项目。但有一件事——人们总是问我，我卸任总统后打算做什么。因为我相对年轻——跟你们比不算，但跟其他总统比，我还挺年轻的。我不知道我要做的所有事情，但我知道我会继续做的一件事就是培养美国和世界各地的年轻领袖。
So, in addition to my hope that the next President continues the program through the State Department, I'll make sure that through my philanthropy and my own work that we're continuing to bring young people together so that we can start building the kind of talent that knows each other and is networked and is connected, and is learning from each other. Because that's what it's going to take for countries in the future to be able to solve these big problems. 所以，除了我希望下一任总统通过国务院继续这个项目之外，我还会确保通过我的慈善事业和我自己的工作，我们将继续让年轻人聚在一起，这样我们就可以开始培养那种相互认识、相互联系、相互学习的人才。因为这就是未来各国能够解决这些重大问题所需要的。
If you ask me what I'm most excited about in terms of my legacy 20 years from now, I would feel really good if I see 10,000 or 20,000, or 50,000 young leaders who are now taking over governments and businesses and nonprofit organizations, and they now know each other from different countries and they’ve worked together, and they’ve built trust and they’ve built relationships. And if I can help facilitate that, that would be something that I'd be very proud of. So you can guarantee that I'll continue to work on this. 如果你问我20年后我对我的遗产最感到兴奋的是什么，如果我看到1万、2万或5万名年轻领袖现在接管政府、企业和非营利组织，他们来自不同的国家，彼此认识，一起工作过，建立了信任和关系，我会感觉非常好。如果我能帮助促成这一点，那将是我非常自豪的事情。所以你可以放心，我会继续为此努力。
All right, yes, right here. Oops. Is it working? You might need to use mine. Okay, there you go. Just in time. 好的，是的，就你了。哎呀。能用吗？你可能需要用我的。好的，给你。来得正好。
Question: Good morning, President Obama. I'm a YSEALI Academy fellow, presently at the University of Montana. 问：早上好，奥巴马总统。我是YSEALI学院的研究员，目前在蒙大拿大学学习。
President Obama: Excellent. How do you like Montana? 奥巴马总统：太好了。你喜欢蒙大拿吗？
Question: It's not cold, it is hot. 问：不冷，很热。
President Obama: Oh, it's very cold. You just haven't -- have you gone through January yet? 奥巴马总统：哦，那里很冷的。你只是还没——你经历过一月吗？
Question: Summer. 问：夏天。
President Obama: When did you get there? 奥巴马总统：你什么时候到那里的？
Question: June through August. 问：六月到八月。
President Obama: Yes, it's not cold in June and August. You just went there at the right time. But it's a beautiful state, isn't it? 奥巴马总统：是的，六月到八月不冷。你去的时机正好。但那是个美丽的州，对吧？
Question: Yes. I love it. 问：是的，我很喜欢。
President Obama: Yes, it's lovely. You have gorgeous mountains. Have you learned how to fish? 奥巴马总统：是的，很美。那里有壮丽的山脉。你学会钓鱼了吗？
Question: Yes. 问：学会了。
President Obama: Fly fishing? 奥巴马总统：飞蝇钓？
Question: Yes. I went rafting as well. 问：是的。我还去漂流了。
President Obama: And rafting also. That's great. 奥巴马总统：还漂流了。太棒了。
Question: So my topic is about global environmental issues. So I'm going to make my professor in Montana happy by asking a question related to climate change and environment. So in Mekong region, there are a lot of hydropower dams being are being built on the mainstream of the Mekong. And this problem is not easy because we have big countries and small countries related to the hydropower building in the area. So do you have any suggestions for all the governments of the Mekong region to get together and suspend in the interests, for the economic and environmental interests? 问：所以我的话题是关于全球环境问题的。我要问一个关于气候变化和环境的问题，这样我蒙大拿的教授会很高兴。在湄公河地区，湄公河干流上正在修建很多水电站大坝。这个问题不简单，因为有大国和小国都与该地区的水电建设有关。那么您对湄公河地区各国政府有什么建议，让它们能够走到一起，兼顾经济和环境利益？
And just one more question. This is like a very tactical job interview. Where do you find yourself in five years? Because I think it is a very interesting period when Malia probably graduates from Howard University and you still holding the computer or iPhone 10. And also that's when probably maybe Mr. Sanders or Mrs. Hillary or maybe Mr. Trump finish their president term. So where do you find yourself and the world in five years? Thank you. 还有一个问题。这就像一个非常有策略的求职面试。你五年后会在哪里？因为我觉得那是一个非常有趣的时期，那时马莉娅（Malia）可能刚从霍华德大学毕业，你还拿着电脑或者iPhone 10。而且那时候可能桑德斯先生或者希拉里夫人或者特朗普先生刚刚结束他们的总统任期。所以你觉得你自己和世界五年后会是什么样子？谢谢。
President Obama: Well, first of all, on the Mekong Delta, we actually, through ASEAN and the East Asia Summit, created a Mekong Delta working group with all the countries that are impacted. And through our State Department and various programs, we're working to help them plan and create sustainable development across countries. 奥巴马总统：嗯，首先，关于湄公河三角洲，实际上我们通过东盟和东亚峰会建立了一个湄公河三角洲工作组，所有受影响的国家都参与其中。通过我们的国务院和各种项目，我们正在帮助它们进行规划，实现跨国界的可持续发展。
Now, you're right that one of the big challenges is how do you deal with water resources and the building of dams and hydropower. And that's not a problem that's unique to the Mekong Delta. You see this in a lot of parts of the world where big projects get built with unintended consequences, and it has severe effects downstream. And the results in some cases have been not great. And they have significant environmental degradation because of lack of planning. 你说得对，最大的挑战之一就是如何处理水资源以及大坝和水电站的建设问题。这并不是湄公河三角洲独有的问题。你在世界很多地方都能看到这种情况，大型项目建成后产生了意想不到的后果，对下游造成了严重影响。在某些情况下，结果并不理想。由于缺乏规划，环境严重退化。
So what we're going to try to do is to continue to work with the affected countries and to provide them with the technical assistance and the evaluations of what needs to happen, what they need to watch out for. And hopefully that information is power. That information then can be used to negotiate on an international level to try to prevent some projects that might have very bad effects. 所以我们要努力做的是继续与受影响国家合作，为它们提供技术援助和评估，告诉它们需要做什么，需要注意什么。希望信息就是力量。这些信息可以用于在国际层面进行谈判，以防止一些可能产生非常恶劣影响的项目。
But one of the things that we've seen in ASEAN is when small countries band together as a unit, then their power is magnified. That's true on economic issues; that's true on environmental issues; that's true on security issues. And we've seen, since I became President, I think a greater willingness of the ASEAN countries to do more substantive work. It used to be I think ASEAN would meet and everybody was very polite, but you didn’t always have I think as many specific, concrete plans of action. 但我们在东盟看到的一点是，当小国作为一个整体联合起来时，它们的力量就会被放大。在经济问题上是如此，在环境问题上是如此，在安全问题上也是如此。我认为，自我就任总统以来，东盟国家开展更实质性工作的意愿更强了。
And now you're starting to see I think ASEAN being used as a much more effective tool for policymaking, and the environmental area is a critical place where that can happen. 我想过去东盟开会，大家都很客气，但并不总是有那么多具体、切实的行动计划。而现在你开始看到，东盟正被用作一个更有效的决策工具，环境领域是可以实现这一点的关键领域。
In terms of where I see the world in five years, some of you are going to be doing great things, and I'll be very excited to find out what you're doing. I suspect that I'm going to be doing the kinds of work that I've been doing all my life. I'll be doing organizing work and involved in public policy issues. But I just won't be doing it in a formal way through elected office. I'll be like a community organizer, except a little more famous than I used to be. 至于我认为五年后世界会是什么样子，你们中的一些人会做伟大的事情，我会非常兴奋地了解你们在做什么。我想我会继续做我一生都在做的那种工作。我会做组织工作，参与公共政策问题。但我不会再通过民选办公室以正式的方式来做了。我会像一个社区组织者一样，只是比以前更有名一点。
In terms of American politics, I tend to be positive and optimistic about American politics. I think sometimes other countries look at our election system and people think, wow, what a mess. But usually we end up doing okay because the American people are good people, and they -- as I hope you've gotten to know people in Montana -- the American people are generous, and they're decent and they're hardworking. And sometimes our politics doesn’t express all the goodness of the people. But usually, eventually, the voters make good decisions, and democracy works. 就美国政治而言，我倾向于对美国政治持积极和乐观的态度。我认为有时候其他国家看我们的选举制度，人们会想，哇，真是一团糟。但通常我们最后都做得还不错，因为美国人民是善良的人，他们——正如我希望你们已经认识了蒙大拿的人一样——美国人民是慷慨的，他们正派，他们勤奋。有时候我们的政治并没有完全表达出人民的所有善良。但通常，最终，选民会做出正确的决定，民主是有效的。
So I'm optimistic that we'll get through this period. And one of the great things about the United States is that even when it makes mistakes, I think it's able to adjust and recognize our mistakes, and then we correct course and take different steps. So things are going to be okay, I promise. 所以我很乐观，我们会度过这个时期。美国的伟大之处之一在于，即使我们犯了错误，我认为我们也能够调整并认识到我们的错误，然后我们纠正路线，采取不同的步骤。所以一切都会好起来的，我保证。
This guy, he has two hands up and a symbol. I don’t know what that means. I don’t know, it was interesting, so we'll call on him. Maybe he'll explain it. 这位先生，他举着双手还比了个手势。我不知道那是什么意思。我不知道，挺有意思的，所以我们点他吧。也许他会解释一下。
Question: Hello, Mr. President. I want to say that you're so handsome. 问：您好，总统先生。我想说您太帅了。
President Obama: Oh, okay! Well, you can just stop there if you want. 奥巴马总统：哦，好的！嗯，你说到这儿就可以停了。
Question: Okay. I have two questions of me -- now turn a little bit into business. 问：好的。我有两个问题——现在稍微转到商业方面。
President Obama: Business. 奥巴马总统：商业。
Question: Yes. You told us just find something you deeply care about, and my biggest care about is human resource management or talent management. And now -- 问：是的。您刚才告诉我们要找到你深深热爱的事情，我最关心的是人力资源管理或人才管理。而现在——
President Obama: Hotel management, did you say? 奥巴马总统：酒店管理，你刚才说的是？
Question: Talent management. 问：人才管理。
President Obama: Talent management. Got it. 奥巴马总统：人才管理。明白了。
Question: Okay, now we are joining AEC and TPP. This may not -- beside opportunities, we have many challenges. The more challenge that -- they have many overseas companies, they want to attract Vietnamese talent. And can you give a suggestion? We cannot just base on the patriotism of them to force them to stay in Vietnam. They have a chance to seek for their own development. So how can Vietnamese firms and Vietnam government can have them stay and contribute to Vietnam? And one more question about entrepreneurship. 问：好的，现在我们正在加入东盟经济共同体（AEC）和TPP。这可能——除了机遇，我们还有很多挑战。更大的挑战是——有很多海外公司，他们想吸引越南人才。您能给个建议吗？我们不能仅仅靠他们的爱国心来强迫他们留在越南。他们有机会寻求自身的发展。
There is more -- like some company will have lack of human resource because they move from other countries. And how can the young entrepreneurs can deal with it? Can you give any suggestion? Thank you. 那么越南企业和越南政府怎样才能让他们留下来并为越南做贡献呢？还有一个关于创业的问题。还有更多——比如一些公司会因为员工从其他国家搬来而出现人力资源短缺。年轻企业家该如何应对呢？您能给些建议吗？谢谢。
President Obama: Okay. Look, if I understood your question -- so TPP, you've got these new opportunities. Companies are going to be interested in coming into Vietnam as investors or as business partners with existing Vietnamese companies. And I think that any good foreign company is going to want to partner with a Vietnamese partner who understands the culture, understands the system. They're going to be looking for young talent. And if you start a company that helps to identify talent and is then helping those who are doing business here to recruit, I'm sure that that will go very well. 奥巴马总统：好的。听着，如果我理解你的问题的话——那么有了TPP，就有了这些新机遇。公司会有兴趣来越南投资，或者与现有越南公司成为商业伙伴。我认为任何优秀的外国公司都会希望与了解当地文化、了解当地制度的越南伙伴合作。他们会寻找年轻人才。如果你创办一家公司，帮助发掘人才，然后帮助来这里做生意的人招聘，我相信那会发展得很好。
This is not an area that I'm an expert on, but one of the things that we're seeing is, through organizations like -- or companies like LinkedIn -- I don’t know if you've heard of that -- based out of Silicon Valley. But they've been able to build these digital platforms where people are continually updating their résumés and providing their information. And that becomes a powerful tool then for human resource people who are recruiting. 这不是我擅长的领域，但我们看到的一件事是，通过像领英（LinkedIn）这样的组织——或者说公司，我不知道你们听说过没有——总部在硅谷。
And it's conceivable that you could do something equivalent to that in Vietnam in preparation for the ongoing growth and development of businesses here in Vietnam. 但他们建立了这些数字平台，人们不断更新简历，提供个人信息。这就成了人力资源人员招聘的有力工具。可以想象，你可以在越南做类似的事情，为越南企业的持续增长和发展做好准备。
So that's a great idea. Good luck. 所以这个想法很棒。祝你好运。
In terms of the question on entrepreneurship, I wasn’t clear exactly what your question was. Was it that you think talented Vietnamese are going someplace else instead of staying here? Is that right? 关于创业的问题，我不太清楚你的具体问题是什么。你是说你认为有才华的越南人会去别的地方而不是留在这里？对吗？
Question: How can Vietnamese firms and government have places to keep, to retain the talent? 问：越南企业和政府怎样才能有办法留住人才呢？
President Obama: To retain talent. 奥巴马总统：留住人才。
Question: Yes. 问：是的。
President Obama: So you're worried about a brain-drain where -- 奥巴马总统：所以你担心人才外流——
Question: Yes, brain-drain, yes. 问：是的，人才外流，没错。
President Obama: -- where young Vietnamese, they get an education and suddenly they're being recruited to go to Australia, or to go to Singapore, or to go the United States, or China, and then you don’t have enough entrepreneurs here. 奥巴马总统：——年轻的越南人，他们接受了教育，突然被招募到澳大利亚、新加坡、美国或中国，然后这里就没有足够的企业家了。
Well, look, I think the best way to retain talent in any country is to make sure that talent is rewarded. And the way to reward talent is to have strong rule of law; to have a good education system; to have the ability to start a business relatively easily; to make sure that government policies when it comes to taxation or when it comes to building infrastructure, that those policies are good ones, and so that people feel as if, by staying here, this is the best place for them to make it. 嗯，你看，我认为任何国家留住人才的最好方法就是确保人才得到回报。而回报人才的方法是拥有健全的法治；拥有良好的教育体系；拥有相对容易创业的条件；确保政府在税收或基础设施建设方面的政策是好的政策，这样人们就会觉得，留在这里，这里是他们实现梦想的最佳地方。
People usually don’t want to leave their home countries if they feel like they've got opportunity in their home countries. Usually, they end up leaving if they feel as if they're stuck in their home countries. And so one of the benefits of the Trans-Pacific Partnership is it's going to lead to the government taking a series of legal reforms that I actually think will create a better business environment. And it means for young talented people like you, there's no reason to leave because you're going to be in a position to do great things here in Vietnam. 如果人们觉得在自己的国家有机遇，他们通常不想离开自己的祖国。通常，如果他们觉得在自己的国家被困住了，他们最终才会离开。因此，《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》的好处之一就是它将促使政府进行一系列法律改革，我实际上认为这些改革将创造更好的商业环境。这意味着对于像你们这样有才华的年轻人来说，没有理由离开，因为你们将有能力在越南做出伟大的成就。
The places that I think lose talent where there’s a lot of corruption -- so no matter how hard you work, you always have to pay a bribe or you've got to hire somebody's cousin to get a license to do something -- that ends up frustrating people. I think people feel frustrated if there's not a good education system, because the truth is, is that not only do you need a good education, but then if you want to start a business, you've got to be able to hire people who also have a good education. And so you've got to count on the schools training people properly. 我认为那些流失人才的地方往往腐败严重——所以无论你多么努力工作，你总是得行贿，或者你得雇什么人的亲戚才能拿到执照做某事——这最终会让人们感到沮丧。
You want to have good infrastructure -- proper roads. And you want to have proper wireless service in order for you to do business in the 21st century. 我认为如果没有良好的教育体系，人们会感到沮丧，因为事实是，你不仅需要良好的教育，而且如果你想创业，你必须能够雇用到同样受过良好教育的人。所以你得指望学校能正确地培养人才。你需要良好的基础设施——像样的道路。而在21世纪，你需要良好的无线服务才能做生意。
Environmental issues are increasingly important. I mean, there are some countries where it's actually hard to recruit people because it's hard to breathe in some of the big cities. You don’t want to raise your kids -- no job is so important that it's okay if your children have asthma and they can't breathe. And so, interestingly enough, if you want the best talent today, you have to pay attention to quality-of-life issues and making sure that people can have clean air and clean water, and they're not being exposed to pollution that may cause cancer, and things like that. 环境问题变得越来越重要。我的意思是，在一些国家，实际上很难招聘到人，因为在一些大城市呼吸困难。你不想抚养你的孩子——没有什么工作重要到可以让你的孩子患上哮喘、不能呼吸的地步。所以，有趣的是，如果你想吸引今天最优秀的人才，你必须关注生活质量问题，确保人们能呼吸到干净的空气，喝到干净的水，他们不会接触到可能致癌的污染，诸如此类的事情。
So those are all policies that end up making a difference in retaining talent in any country, in any city, in any community. 所以所有这些政策最终都会对任何国家、任何城市、任何社区的人才留任产生影响。
Good. All right. Okay, well, we got these young ladies. They got a flag. So since you brought a flag, that's -- I'm very impressed with your planning. Those of you with the hat, with the flag -- it's good organizing. 好的。好，那么这几位年轻女士。她们带了国旗来。既然你们带了国旗，这——我对你们的策划印象深刻。戴帽子的那些人，带国旗的那些人——组织得很好。
Question: Hi, my name is Christina, and I'm with my colleague and some of our other colleagues here. And we work for an American anti-human trafficking NGO called Pacific Links Foundation. So we fight against human trafficking here in Vietnam. With Vietnam emerging as an important player in the TPP, many companies will start to shift their production in factories to Vietnam, which will create a new mobile workforce. 问：嗨，我叫克里斯蒂娜（Christina），我和我的同事以及其他一些同事在这里。我们在一家名为"太平洋链接基金会"（Pacific Links Foundation）的美国反人口贩运非政府组织工作。我们在越南打击人口贩运。
With that comes the unfortunate opportunity for human traffickers and labor brokers to take advantage of these workers, such as creating false promises or tricking them or even coercing them into moving across borders, and therefore forcing them into a situation of being trafficked. What is the United States federal government doing to prevent human trafficking in the global supply chain? 随着越南成为TPP中的重要参与者，许多公司将开始把工厂生产转移到越南，这将产生新的流动劳动力。随之而来的是人口贩子和劳务中介利用这些工人的不幸机会，比如制造虚假承诺或欺骗他们，甚至胁迫他们跨境迁移，从而迫使他们陷入被贩运的境地。美国联邦政府在防止全球供应链中的人口贩运方面正在做些什么？
Question: Before you answer, can I ask you a question? 问：在您回答之前，我能问您一个问题吗？
President Obama: I'm sorry, I didn’t know -- 奥巴马总统：对不起，我不知道——
Question: Because we had the same -- 问：因为我们有同样的——
President Obama: You're a tag team -- I got you. 奥巴马总统：你们是双人组——我懂了。
Question: Thank you. Before I came here I asked many -- whenever I met someone I also asked what do you want to ask if you can meet President? And a lot of questions and a lot of comments. And for now, I forgot everything, but this remind me about Kenya friend -- and he said if I see you see if he would come to Kenya, and he was pretty excited. And he said if you could ask please Obama about human trafficking prevents strategy. Thank you. 问：谢谢。在我来这里之前，我问了很多人——每当我遇到一个人，我也会问，如果你能见到总统，你想问什么？有很多问题和很多评论。而现在，我忘了所有的事情，但这让我想起了肯尼亚的朋友——他说如果我见到你，看看他会不会来肯尼亚，他非常兴奋。他说你能不能问问奥巴马关于人口贩运预防策略的事。谢谢。
President Obama: All right. Well, let me see. You lost my train of thought. Look, the issue of human trafficking is something that we have made a top priority in our State Department and the United States government. So we have an entire set of policies designed specifically to work with countries to prevent human trafficking. And we've actually begun making progress in improved enforcement, in improved law enforcement coordination. NGOs have been very helpful as partners with us in identifying what are some of the paths where people are being exploited. 奥巴马总统：好的。嗯，让我想想。你让我思路都断了。听着，人口贩运问题是我们国务院和美国政府的首要任务。所以我们有一整套专门设计的政策，用于与各国合作防止人口贩运。实际上，我们已经开始在加强执法、改善执法协调方面取得进展。非政府组织作为我们的伙伴，在查明人们被剥削的途径方面提供了很大帮助。
With respect to TPP, it's precisely because we put such an emphasis on this that we actually have provisions in TPP designed to prevent human trafficking. And it's actually given us leverage to work with some countries to say, if you want to be part of TPP, you have to have a better system in place to prevent human trafficking, including some of these cross-border migrant worker situations. 关于TPP，正是因为我们如此重视这个问题，我们实际上在TPP中制定了防止人口贩运的条款。这实际上给了我们影响力，让我们可以对一些国家说，如果你想加入TPP，你必须有更好的制度来防止人口贩运，包括其中一些跨境移民工人的情况。
So when I was in Malaysia, for example, meeting with Prime Minister Najib, one of the most important topics as we were negotiating TPP was how could we do more work in order to protect people who are being brought in -- whether it's working at the palm oil plants or what have you -- so that there was better tracking, better enforcement, better protections for people. And that's in the actual agreement. 例如，当我在马来西亚与纳吉布总理会面时，我们谈判TPP最重要的议题之一就是如何能做更多工作来保护那些被带入的人——无论是在棕榈油工厂工作还是什么的——这样就能有更好的追踪、更好的执法、更好的保护。这些都写进了实际协议中。
Now, I think that an agreement on paper is never enough, so there have to be systems in place to monitor what's taking place. And these human traffickers are very clever. They're like drug traffickers. If you cut off one path, then try to take another path, and they're always looking to exploit people who are desperate. So this is why this can't just be a government initiative or a law enforcement initiative. It has to be something where we're partnering with NGOs, human rights organizations. 现在，我认为纸面上的协议永远是不够的，所以必须有制度来监督正在发生的事情。而这些人口贩子非常狡猾。他们就像毒贩一样。如果你切断了一条路径，他们就会尝试走另一条路径，他们总是在寻找机会剥削绝望的人。
We have to be very nimble in how we adapt to changing circumstances so that we're constantly shutting down some of these pathways. 所以这就是为什么这不能只是一项政府举措或执法举措。它必须是我们与非政府组织、人权组织合作的事情。我们必须非常灵活地适应不断变化的情况，这样我们才能不断切断其中一些路径。
The last thing I'll say, though, is one of the best ways for us to reduce human trafficking is to provide more opportunity for people, particularly in rural areas through Southeast Asia. 不过，我最后要说的是，我们减少人口贩运的最佳方法之一就是为人们提供更多机会，特别是在东南亚农村地区的人们。
And if we can give young people in villages a chance to make a living and get an education, and if we particularly focus on women and girls -- because a lot of human trafficking results from the fact that girls are not given the same educational opportunities as boys, and as a consequence, they find themselves in very desperate situations -- the more we can change those dynamics, that will also reduce the ability of people to exploit people who have no hope, or think that they have to leave their village, 如果我们能给村里的年轻人一个谋生和接受教育的机会，如果我们特别关注妇女和女童——因为很多人口贩运源于女童没有获得与男童同等的教育机会，结果，她们发现自己处于非常绝望的境地——我们越是能改变这种状况，就越能减少人们剥削那些毫无希望的人的能力，或者那些认为自己必须离开村子的人，
and are vulnerable then to claims that if you just come with us you're going to be able to get a great job and everything is going to be okay. And then, by the time they get there, they suddenly find themselves trapped in a very bad situation. 然后他们很容易被这样的说法所吸引：只要跟我们走，你就能得到一份好工作，一切都会好起来的。然后，等他们到了那里，才突然发现自己陷入了非常糟糕的境地。
Congratulations on the good work you're doing. I'm very proud of you. Thank you. 祝贺你们所做的出色工作。我为你们感到非常骄傲。谢谢。
All right, how much more time we got? We only got time for one more question? All right, I'll take two more questions. But it's a guy's turn first. I'm going to call on this guy just because I kind of like the yellow in his hair there. I like the style. There you go. 好的，我们还有多少时间？我们只剩一个问题的时间了吗？好吧，我再回答两个问题。但先轮到男士。我要点这位先生，就因为我有点喜欢他头发上的黄色。我喜欢这个风格。来，你来。
Question: Thank you. I'm a filmmaker, so I'm very interested in personal stories. And you said before, when you are young you're like fooling around. And I read on Internet -- I'm not sure if it's true or not -- that you also like smoking weed and things like that. 问：谢谢。我是一名电影制作人，所以我对个人故事非常感兴趣。您之前说过，您年轻的时候喜欢游手好闲。我在网上看到——我不知道是不是真的——说您还喜欢抽大麻之类的。
President Obama: I don’t know if that's true. 奥巴马总统：我不知道那是不是真的。
Question: I wonder what makes you from that guy become a guy who care about the society. Because a lot of -- I think many young Vietnamese people, they still love like fooling around and they don’t really care about the society. But there must be something that makes you become this person. Thank you. 问：我想知道是什么让您从那样的人变成了一个关心社会的人。因为很多——我想很多越南年轻人，他们仍然喜欢游手好闲，他们并不真正关心社会。但一定有什么事情让您变成了现在这样的人。谢谢。
President Obama: Well, it's a good question. I wrote a book about this called, "Dreams From My Father." I think it was translated into Vietnamese, but I don’t know if it's still in bookstores near you. You know, you never know exactly why something inside you clicks and you decide to take a different path. 奥巴马总统：嗯，这是个好问题。我写过一本关于这个的书，叫《我父亲的梦想》（Dreams From My Father）。我想它被翻译成了越南语，但我不知道你们附近的书店里还有没有。你知道，你永远不知道为什么你内心的某个东西被触动了，然后你决定走一条不同的路。
I think, for me, when I was young -- because I didn’t know my father, and I didn’t grow up with him in the house -- my grandparents and my mother raised me. And they were very loving and very generous. But I think I rebelled in part because I felt that something was missing. And as I got older I realized that instead of worrying about the father who wasn’t there I should worry more about what can I do, and take more responsibility for my own life. 我想，对我来说，我年轻的时候——因为我不认识我的父亲，我不是在他身边长大的——是我的外祖父母和母亲抚养我长大的。他们非常慈爱，非常慷慨。但我想我有一部分叛逆心理，因为我觉得缺少了什么。随着年龄的增长，我意识到，与其担心那个不在身边的父亲，我不如多想想我能做什么，对自己的人生承担更多责任。
And that led me to start studying more, and it led me to start thinking about social issues more. I grew up. And why it took me until I was 19 or 20, where some other people like many of you have always been very organized -- like this young lady, I'll bet she’s always been very focused -- you don't know why. 这让我开始更多地学习，也让我开始更多地思考社会问题。我长大了。至于为什么我等到19岁或20岁才这样，而你们中的一些人一直都很有条理——就像这位年轻女士，我敢说她一直都很专注——你不知道为什么会这样。
But I think your point about stories is good. One of the things that I've learned about being a leader is sometimes we think people are motivated only by money, or they’re only motivated by power, or these very concrete incentives. 但我认为你关于故事的观点很好。我作为领袖学到的一件事是，有时候我们认为人们只受金钱的激励，或者只受权力的激励，或者这些非常具体的激励。
But people are also inspired by stories. The stories they tell themselves about what’s important and about their lives and about their country and about their communities. And I think if you want to -- in whatever field you're in, whether it's business or politics or nonprofit work, it's worthwhile to listen to other people and ask them questions about the stories that are important to them, because oftentimes you’ll find their motivations. And when we come together to do important things, it's usually because we told a good story about why we should be working together. 但人们也会受到故事的激励。他们告诉自己的关于什么重要、关于他们的生活、关于他们的国家和社区的故事。我认为，如果你想——无论你在哪个领域，无论是商业、政治还是非营利工作，倾听别人的声音，询问他们对他们来说重要的故事是什么，都是值得的，因为通常你会发现他们的动机。当我们聚在一起做重要的事情时，通常是因为我们讲了一个好故事，讲了为什么我们应该一起努力。
You think about the United States of America. We have a really good story called the Declaration of Independence. “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal; that we're endowed with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” That's a wonderful story. There’s no -- when the Declaration was made, there really was not United States. It was just a good story that they were telling about what could be. And then people were attracted to that story. 你想想美利坚合众国。我们有一个非常好的故事，叫做《独立宣言》。"我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等；他们被造物主赋予了某些不可剥夺的权利；其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。" 这是一个精彩的故事。并不是——在《独立宣言》发表的时候，美国还没有真正存在。
And it led to independence, and it led to immigrants from around the world who wanted that vision for themselves -- it led Ho Chi Minh to adapt it when Vietnam was trying to declare independence. It inspired movements around the world. 那只是他们在讲述一个关于未来可能是什么样子的好故事。然后人们被那个故事所吸引。它带来了独立，也带来了来自世界各地的移民，他们想要为自己实现那个愿景——它还启发了胡志明在越南试图宣布独立时借鉴了它。它激励了世界各地的运动。
So, yes, the stories we tell each other are very, very important. And good luck on making your movies. Don't believe everything you read on the Internet, though. 所以，是的，我们互相讲述的故事非常非常重要。祝你拍电影好运。不过，别相信你在网上读到的所有东西。
Okay, last question. This young lady, she stood up and she’s like -- I couldn't say "no" to her. She had her hand up. I thought she was going to hit me if I didn’t call on her. I'm teasing. 好的，最后一个问题。这位年轻女士，她站起来了，她——我没法对她说"不"。她一直举着手。我觉得要是我不点她，她就要打我了。开玩笑的。
Question: Hi. So I am a rapper here in Saigon, Vietnam. 问：嗨。我是越南西贡的一名说唱歌手。
President Obama: Are you a rapper? Oh, yes? 奥巴马总统：你是说唱歌手？哦，是吗？
Question: You have spoken a lot about environment and like politics and economic progress of Vietnam. But as an artist, we have a lot to say. 问：您讲了很多关于环境、政治以及越南经济发展的事情。但作为一名艺术家，我们有很多话要说。
President Obama: Okay. 奥巴马总统：好的。
Question: We have message to say. I want to know how important it is for a nation to really help and promote their art and culture, and to help its nation in the future. 问：我们有话要说。我想知道，一个国家真正帮助和促进其艺术和文化，帮助国家未来发展，有多重要？
President Obama: Okay. Before I answer your question, why don't you give me a little rap? Let’s see what you got. Come on. Do you need like a little beat? Badoom, badoom. 奥巴马总统：好的。在我回答你的问题之前，你为什么不给我来一段说唱？让我看看你有什么本事。来吧。你需要一点节奏吗？嘣咚，嘣咚。
Question: Yes, I do, actually. 问：是的，实际上我需要。
President Obama: Go ahead. Come on. 奥巴马总统：来吧。开始。
Question: Vietnamese or English? 问：越南语还是英语？
President Obama: In Vietnamese, of course. 奥巴马总统：当然用越南语。
Question: In Vietnamese? 问：用越南语？
President Obama: I won't know what it means, but just a short version -- because I got to get going. 奥巴马总统：我不会知道是什么意思，但就来一小段——因为我得走了。
Question: [Raps in Vietnamese] My name is Sue, by the way. 问：[用越南语说唱] 顺便说一下，我叫苏（Sue）。
President Obama: Well, that was good. See there, that was pretty good. What were you just rapping? What was your verse there? 奥巴马总统：嗯，很不错。你看，相当不错。你刚才说唱的是什么？你的那段歌词是关于什么的？
Question: I was just talking about some people having a lot of money, having big houses, but actually are they really happy? 问：我刚才说的是有些人有很多钱，有大房子，但实际上他们真的快乐吗？
President Obama: Okay. 奥巴马总统：好的。
Question: Yeah, a lot of things -- that people look at us and see like different thing and something they assume, or a lot of like stereotypes like me, Asian rapper, looking like a cute girl. People don't know -- 问：是的，很多事情——人们看我们，看到的是不同的东西，有些是他们臆想的，或者很多刻板印象，比如我，亚裔说唱歌手，看起来像个可爱的女孩。人们不知道——
President Obama: Is that what they think? 奥巴马总统：他们是这么想的吗？
Question: But for Vietnamese people, it's different. They think rapping is not like for women. 问：但对越南人来说不一样。他们认为说唱不适合女性。
President Obama: Ah. Well, that's true in the United States, too. No, no, I just mean that there’s always been sort of sexism and gender stereotypes in the music industry like every other part of life. 奥巴马总统：啊。嗯，美国也是这样。不，不，我只是说，音乐行业和生活的其他方方面面一样，一直存在性别歧视和性别刻板印象。
But to answer your question, look, the arts are important. Artistic expression is important. It's what I was just saying to the filmmaker about stories that we tell each other. Music, poetry, representations of life as it is and how it should be -- those are the things that inspire people. Life is a combination of very practical things, right? You got to eat, you got to work, you got to build roads and make sure that some dam isn't ruining a community. 但回答你的问题，你看，艺术很重要。艺术表达很重要。这就是我刚才对电影制作人说的关于我们互相讲述的故事。音乐、诗歌、对生活现状和应有状态的描绘——这些都是激励人们的东西。生活是由非常实际的事情组成的，对吧？
But it's also the spirit that we have inside of us, and how is that expressed, and what are our vision and what are our ideals for the future, and how do we want to live together, and how do we treat each other. 你得吃饭，你得工作，你得修路，你得确保某个大坝不会毁掉一个社区。但生活也有我们内在的精神，它如何表达，我们对未来的愿景和理想是什么，我们想如何共同生活，我们如何对待彼此。
And one of the most important things about art is it teaches you to not just think about yourself, but it puts you in the head of other people. So you start realizing somebody else’s pain, or somebody else’s hopes. And you start realizing that we have more in common. So if I read a novel by somebody in Africa, now, suddenly, I understand more about how we are similar. And if I listen to a Vietnamese rap, and it connects to the things that I'm feeling, now I feel closer to a country on the other side of the world. And that's how we build understanding. 艺术最重要的一点是，它教会你不要只想着自己，它让你站在别人的角度思考。所以你开始理解别人的痛苦，或者别人的希望。你开始意识到我们有更多的共同点。所以如果我读了一本非洲某个人写的小说，现在，突然间，我更理解我们的相似之处了。
And that's how we end up being able to work together and plan together and build a better future together. 如果我听一首越南说唱，它与我的感受产生共鸣，我就会感觉与世界另一端的一个国家更亲近了。这就是我们建立理解的方式。这就是我们最终能够一起工作、一起规划、一起建设更美好未来的方式。
So, look, let’s be honest. Sometimes art is dangerous, though. And that's why governments sometimes get nervous about art. But one of the things that I truly believe is that if you try to suppress the arts, then I think you're suppressing the deepest dreams and aspirations of a people. 所以，听着，老实说，有时候艺术是危险的。这就是为什么政府有时候会对艺术感到紧张。但我坚信的一点是，如果你试图压制艺术，那么我认为你就是在压制一个民族最深层的梦想和抱负。
And one of the great things about the United States, for all of our flaws in a lot of areas, is that we do give much greater expression to our culture. And something like rap, which started off as an expression of poor African Americans, now, suddenly has become a global phenomenon and is really the art form of most young people around the world today in a lot of ways. 美国的伟大之处之一，尽管我们在很多领域都有缺陷，就是我们确实给予了我们的文化更大的表达空间。就像说唱音乐，它最初是美国贫困非裔美国人的一种表达，现在，突然间，已经成为一种全球现象，在很多方面，它确实是当今世界上大多数年轻人的艺术形式。
And imagine if, at the time when rap was starting off, that our government had said, no, because some of the things you say are offensive, or some of the lyrics are rude, or you're cursing too much -- then that connection that we've seen now in hip-hop culture around the world wouldn't exist. 试想一下，如果在说唱刚开始的时候，我们的政府说，不行，因为你说的一些东西是冒犯性的，或者一些歌词是粗鲁的，或者你骂太多了——那么我们现在在全球嘻哈文化中看到的这种联系就不会存在了。
So you got to let people express themselves. That's part of what a modern, 21st century culture is all about. 所以你得让人们表达自己。这就是21世纪现代文化的一部分。
All right, everybody. I've got to go, but this has been wonderful. Thank you so much. God bless you. Thank you. 好了，各位。我得走了，但这真的太棒了。非常感谢。上帝保佑你们。谢谢。