Hola! Thank you. Thank you so much. Muchas gracias. Thank you so much. Buenos dias, Buenos Aires! Please have a seat. Well, thank you so much for the warm welcome that you’ve offered me, and Michelle, and Malia and Sasha and my mother-in-law -- a very important person. And on behalf of the people of the United States, I want to thank you for your friendship and the strong bonds between our two peoples. 大家好！谢谢。非常感谢。非常感谢。布宜诺斯艾利斯，早上好！请大家就座。非常感谢你们给予我、米歇尔、玛丽亚和萨沙，还有我岳母——一位非常重要的人——的热情欢迎。我谨代表美国人民，感谢你们的友谊以及我们两国人民之间的紧密联系。
Celeste, thank you for the wonderful introduction. Please give Celeste a big round of applause. That's not easy to do. The work that she’s doing to prepare more of our young people -- and especially young women -- for the jobs of tomorrow is inspiring. I’m glad to hear that when Celeste visited the United States as part of the Young Leaders Initiative, she got to go to her first National Basketball Association game in Denver. I don't think Ginobili was playing, but I can confirm that he is not only a nice guy but also one of the best players in the world -- and a proud Argentinian. 塞莱斯特，谢谢你精彩的介绍。请大家为塞莱斯特热烈鼓掌。这可不是一件容易的事。她为帮助更多年轻人——尤其是年轻女性——为未来的职业做好准备所做的工作令人鼓舞。我很高兴听说，塞莱斯特作为"青年领袖计划"的一员访问美国时，在丹佛观看了她人生第一场NBA比赛。我想吉诺比利那场没上场，但我可以证实，他不仅是个好人，也是世界上最优秀的球员之一——而且是一位骄傲的阿根廷人。所以他是一位伟大的冠军。
So he is a great champion. My Chicago Bulls have been losing and the Spurs have been winning, so I'm not that happy about that. 我的芝加哥公牛队一直在输球，而马刺队一直在赢球，所以我对此不太高兴。
I want to thank everybody at the Usina del Arte for hosting us today. And I want you to know that the reason I came here is, in part, because I wanted to come to Buenos Aires ever since I was a young person like you. I very much enjoyed Argentinian literature -- authors like Borges and Cortázar. And so I would read them and became fascinated with Buenos Aires. I said at my press conference today, the only problem was when I was reading, people were always drinking mate, and I didn’t know what that was. 我要感谢乌西纳艺术中心的所有人今天接待我们。我想让大家知道，我来到这里的部分原因是，从我像你们这么大的时候起，我就一直想来布宜诺斯艾利斯。我非常喜欢阿根廷文学——像博尔赫斯和科塔萨尔这样的作家。我曾读过他们的作品，对布宜诺斯艾利斯深深着迷。我今天在记者会上说过，唯一的问题是，我读书的时候，人们总在喝马黛茶，而我不知道那是什么。
So I just had my first mate today. It was good. It was good. And my team, my staff thought I was very clear-headed at the press conference, and they said it must be the mate. So I'm going to try to take some back. 所以我今天第一次喝了马黛茶。味道不错，真的不错。我的团队、我的工作人员都觉得我在记者会上头脑非常清醒，他们说肯定是马黛茶的功劳。所以我打算带一些回去。
But I also wanted to bring my daughters here, so they could see the beauty and the vibrancy of this city. They’ve already met one famous Argentinean -- His Holiness Pope Francis. Now they want to meet Messi, but I could not arrange that. They will not get a chance to experience the Palermo at night. They will have to come back on their own to do that -- not with their father. And we're looking forward to visiting Bariloche tomorrow. 我还想带我的女儿们来这里，让她们看看这座城市的美丽与活力。她们已经见过一位著名的阿根廷人——教皇方济各陛下。现在她们想见梅西，但我安排不了。她们没有机会体验巴勒莫的夜生活。她们得自己回来体验——不能跟爸爸一起来。我们期待着明天去巴里洛切。
But also, whenever I travel, I always want to spend time with young people. Your generation has grown up in times of breathtaking change. In your lives, you’ve seen massive global declines in poverty and disease -- so there’s a lot of good news out there -- you’ve seen incredible strides for women’s rights and LGBT rights. You’ve mastered technology -- the world is connected now in ways that we couldn't imagine even 10, 20 years ago. 而且，每次出访时，我总是希望能与年轻人交流。你们这一代人成长在一个瞬息万变的时代。在你们的生命中，你们看到了全球贫困和疾病的大幅减少——所以有很多好消息——你们看到了妇女权利和LGBT权利取得了令人难以置信的进步。你们掌握了科技——世界现在以我们十年、二十年前都无法想象的方式连接在一起。
But you’ve also seen unthinkable violence from terrorists who try to tear us apart -- whether at an airport in Brussels, as we just saw, or a Jewish center in Buenos Aires. And all of us -- Americans and Argentinians alike -- stand against the scourge of terrorism, and we stand with the people of Belgium during this time of enormous sorrow. 但你们也看到了恐怖分子试图分裂我们的不可想象的暴力——无论是我们刚刚看到的布鲁塞尔机场爆炸，还是布宜诺斯艾利斯的犹太中心袭击。我们所有人——美国人和阿根廷人一样——都反对恐怖主义的祸害，在这巨大的悲痛时刻，我们与比利时人民站在一起。
And yet, even though you’ve come of an age where change is happening so rapidly, your generation I think believes deeply that you can change this world for the better. You’re more interested in hard work -- the hard work of waging peace than the easy impulse towards conflict. You’re more interested in the hard work of building prosperity through entrepreneurship, instead of cronyism and corruption. 然而，尽管你们成长在一个变化如此迅速的时代，我认为你们这一代人坚信，你们可以让这个世界变得更好。你们更感兴趣的是努力——努力缔造和平，而不是轻易走向冲突。你们更感兴趣的是通过创业创造繁荣，而不是任人唯亲和腐败。
You’re more eager for the progress that comes not from holding down people who are not like you, but lifting everybody up so that everybody has an opportunity, regardless of what they look like or how they pray or who they love. And that makes me hopeful. I'm always inspired by young people. 你们更渴望的进步不是压制与你不同的人，而是让每个人都振作起来，让每个人都有机会，无论他们的长相、信仰如何，也无论他们爱谁。这让我充满希望。我总是被年轻人所鼓舞。
So I’m going to be speaking very briefly, because I want to mostly hear from you. 所以我会非常简短地讲几句，因为我主要想听你们说。
I am here because these past several years mark a new era of U.S. engagement in the region, in the Americas. We’re not just nations, but we’re also neighbors. Millions of people in the United States are bound to the Americas through ties of commerce and family. Thousands of Argentinians study in the United States every year. Hundreds of U.S. companies employ thousands of people here in Argentina. And we’re committed to expanding those ties of leadership and scholarship and trade. 我来到这里，是因为过去几年标志着美国与美洲地区关系的新纪元。我们不仅是国家，我们还是邻居。美国有数百万人通过商业和家庭纽带与美洲紧密相连。每年有数千名阿根廷学生在美国学习。数百家美国公司在阿根廷雇佣了数千名员工。我们致力于扩大这些在领导力、学术和贸易方面的联系。
And I’m here in Argentina because I’m impressed with many of the reforms that have been initiated by President Macri in recent weeks -- his effort to reconnect Argentina to the world community, and to lay the groundwork for a more sustainable and inclusive economy. He inherited a tough economic situation, just as I did when I first came into office. He’s working to make it better. And in fact, to show their confidence in this new direction, U.S. companies are announcing tens of millions of dollars in new investment in Argentina. 我来到阿根廷，是因为马克里总统最近几周发起的许多改革给我留下了深刻印象——他努力让阿根廷重新融入国际社会，并为更可持续、更包容的经济奠定基础。他接手了一个艰难的经济局面，就像我刚上任时一样。他正在努力改善局面。事实上，为了显示对这一新方向的信心，美国公司宣布在阿根廷进行数千万美元的新投资。
And I’m launching a new dialogue to strengthen business ties between our countries. 我正在发起一项新的对话，以加强我们两国之间的商业联系。
So the United States welcomes Argentina’s leadership role not just in the region, but in the world. Because to solve today’s challenges, we have to be partners. Somos un equipo. I got to practice my Spanish. 因此，美国欢迎阿根廷不仅在本地区，而且在世界范围内发挥领导作用。因为要应对当今的挑战，我们必须成为伙伴。我们是一个团队。我的西班牙语得练习一下了。
But it’s critical that we work together. And that's one of the reasons why the U.S. has started a new chapter with our relationship with Cuba. I was honored to be the first U.S. President to visit Cuba in almost 90 years. And we still have differences with the Cuban government, but what I said to President Castro is we can't be imprisoned by the past. When something doesn't work for 50 years, we have to try something new. And I believe that engagement and dialogue is more powerful than isolation, and that the changes that we're making can improve the lives of the Cuban people. 但我们必须共同努力，这一点至关重要。这也是美国开启与古巴关系新篇章的原因之一。我很荣幸成为近90年来第一位访问古巴的美国总统。我们与古巴政府仍有分歧，但我对卡斯特罗主席说的是，我们不能被过去所禁锢。当一件事50年都不起作用时，我们必须尝试新的方法。我相信，接触和对话比孤立更有力量，我们正在做出的改变可以改善古巴人民的生活。
And all of the people of the Americas deserve the right to speak and gather freely, and access the world’s information, and participate in forums like this. And so we hope that that will happen in Cuba. We hope that will happen everywhere in the world. But ultimately, it’s going to be up to the Cuban people, just like it’s up to sovereign peoples everywhere to be able to find their own voice and create democracy and freedom. We can be partners in that, and we can help. 美洲所有人民都享有言论自由、集会自由、获取世界信息以及参与这样的论坛的权利。因此，我们希望古巴也能实现这一点。我们希望世界上每个地方都能实现这一点。但最终，这将取决于古巴人民，就像各地主权国家的人民有权找到自己的声音、创造民主和自由一样。我们可以成为这方面的伙伴，我们可以提供帮助。
And this new beginning is going to be good, I think, for the entire hemisphere. Part of my goal is to move past the old debates that have defined this region, move forward in a way that benefits your generation. And unlike any other time in history, the technology at your disposal means that you don't have to settle for the world as it is; you can create the world as you want it to be. You already have the freedom to build a world in powerful and disruptive ways. 我认为，这个新的开端对整个半球都是有益的。我的部分目标是摆脱定义了这个地区的旧有争论，以造福你们这一代人的方式向前迈进。与历史上任何时期不同，你们手中的技术意味着你们不必安于现状；你们可以按照自己的意愿创造世界。你们已经拥有以强大而颠覆性的方式建设世界的自由。
That's why we're going to spend a lot of time in the coming months in building more vibrant connections between young people. Five years ago I started an initiative called 100,000 Strong in the Americas. And by the end of this decade, we want 100,000 U.S. students studying in the Americas, and we want 100,000 students from the Americas studying in the United States. 这就是为什么我们将在未来几个月花大量时间在年轻人之间建立更有活力的联系。五年前，我发起了一项名为"美洲十万强"的倡议。到本十年末，我们希望有10万名美国学生在美洲学习，也希望有10万名来自美洲的学生在美国学习。
And today I’m proud to announce that that effort is growing here in Argentina. Partners like INET and CAF Development Bank in Latin America have committed to increase student exchanges between our technical colleges. And I want to thank President Macri for committing to a thousand new exchanges. 今天，我自豪地宣布，这项努力正在阿根廷这里发展壮大。像国家职业技术教育研究所和拉美开发银行这样的合作伙伴已承诺增加我们技术学院之间的学生交流。我要感谢马克里总统承诺新增一千个交流名额。
And finally, last year I launched what we call the Young Leaders of the America Initiative. And we're seeking out the most innovative young entrepreneurs and civil society leaders, and giving them a chance to earn the training and the connections and the capital that you need to make a difference. So this year I’ll welcome the first full class of fellows to Washington. We're going to help them expand their commercial and social ventures by embedding them in U.S. businesses and incubators and nonprofits and universities. 最后，去年我发起了我们所谓的"美洲青年领袖倡议"。我们正在寻找最具创新精神的青年企业家和公民社会领袖，给他们机会获得所需的培训、人脉和资本，以产生影响。今年，我将迎接第一批完整的研究员班到华盛顿。我们将帮助他们拓展商业和社会事业，让他们入驻美国企业、孵化器、非营利组织和大学。
We're going to give U.S. participants the chance to continue their collaboration with you back in your home countries. 我们将给美国参与者机会，在你们的祖国继续与你们合作。
And that's how we want to empower all young people. That's how we want to empower young women like Celeste. It’s how we create a future where climate researchers in the Amazon collaborate with scientists in Alaska; where an idea in Buenos Aires can develop with an incubator in Boston. It’s how we can make sure that we create a future where any young person can choose a path that opens his or her opportunities beyond their neighborhood into the wider world. 这就是我们希望赋予所有年轻人力量的方式。这就是我们希望赋予像塞莱斯特这样的年轻女性力量的方式。这样我们才能创造一个未来：亚马逊的气候研究人员与阿拉斯加的科学家合作；布宜诺斯艾利斯的一个创意可以在波士顿的孵化器中发展。这样我们才能确保创造一个未来，让任何年轻人都能选择一条道路，将他或她的机遇从社区拓展到更广阔的世界。
It’s where a young person can learn skills in the state of West Virginia in the United States, and put them to work right here in Argentina. So, Gino Tubaro, who’s here today -- where’s Gino? Somewhere. There we go. All right, Gino. 在那里，一个年轻人可以在美国西弗吉尼亚州学习技能，然后在阿根廷学以致用。所以，吉诺·图巴罗，你今天来了——吉诺在哪里？在那边。好的，吉诺。
So Gino is a great example. He was tinkering with 3D printing as a teenager when, through the U.S. Embassy, he participated in a National Youth Science Camp in West Virginia. Then he learned about the latest 3D printing technology. When he came home to Argentina, he co-founded a company that used these new skills to work. He received a request from a woman looking for a prosthetic hand for her young son, Felipe. And typically, those hands can costs tens of thousands of American dollars. Gino “printed” a new hand for Felipe for far less. 吉诺就是一个很好的例子。他十几岁时就开始摆弄3D打印，后来通过美国大使馆，他参加了西弗吉尼亚州的全国青年科学营。然后他学习了最新的3D打印技术。回到阿根廷后，他与人合伙创办了一家公司，运用这些新技能开展业务。他收到一位女士的请求，她想为年幼的儿子费利佩找一只假肢。通常情况下，那些假肢可能要数万美元。吉诺为费利佩"打印"了一只新手，成本要低得多。
Just a few weeks later, for the first time, Felipe could ride a bike, go fishing, do many of the things that normal children do. And since then, more than 1,000 Argentinians have signed up for Gino’s help. 仅仅几周后，费利佩第一次能够骑自行车、钓鱼，做很多正常孩子做的事情。从那以后，已有1000多名阿根廷人报名寻求吉诺的帮助。
So that’s what’s possible when we work together. That’s what’s possible when we invest in young people like all of you. So I am very proud to be here. I’m excited for your questions. I’m excited for our conversation. As you heard, my Spanish is not as good as it should be. But we have a translator here so you can ask questions in English or in Spanish, and I will answer them as best I can. And we have about an hour. Preguntenme. Let’s go. All right? 所以这就是我们共同努力所能实现的。这就是我们投资像你们这样的年轻人所能实现的。我非常自豪能来到这里。我期待着你们的问题。我期待着我们的对话。正如你们所听到的，我的西班牙语不够好。但我们这里有翻译，所以你们可以用英语或西班牙语提问，我会尽我所能回答。我们大约有一个小时的时间。提问吧。我们开始吧。好吗？
Who wants to go first? This young man right here. You. Introduce yourself, please. 谁想第一个来？那边的年轻人。就是你。请介绍一下你自己。
Question: Mr. President, I wanted to ask you the following question. We live in a world where cultures often clash instead of coexisting peacefully; where some believe their very survival depends on the eradication of others; where intolerance and violence have become a currency; and people are forced to abandon everything and flee their homes, a drama which I believe will characterize much of this century’s history. 提问：总统先生，我想问您以下问题。我们生活在一个文化经常冲突而非和平共处的世界；一些人认为他们的生存取决于消灭其他人；不容忍和暴力已成为一种货币；人们被迫放弃一切，逃离家园——我认为这一悲剧将成为本世纪大部分历史的特征。
My question is this: Do you think all of the different human cultures will eventually unify or converge on a unique and universal culture, something like -- perhaps something akin to the United Federation of Planets in TV series “Star Trek”? I do not seek a scientific answer, just the honest opinion of a man who, as President of one of the world’s leading countries, has been given a privileged point of view on that matter. 我的问题是：您认为所有不同的人类文化最终会统一或融合成一种独特的普世文化吗？就像——也许类似于电视剧《星际迷航》中的星际联邦？我不是要一个科学的答案，只是一个作为世界主要国家之一的总统、在这个问题上拥有特权视角的人的真实看法。
Thank you. 谢谢。
President Obama: That's an interesting question. Thank you. 奥巴马总统：这是个有趣的问题。谢谢你。
I believe that under the surface all people are the same. Now part of that is my own heritage and my own background. My father was a black man from Africa. My mother was a white woman in the United States, whose ancestors had come from England and Scotland. My mother remarried, and then we moved to Indonesia. So I have a half-sister who is Asian. I have nieces who are half Chinese. And so in my own family, I’ve got the genetic strains of everybody. And it gives me confidence -- confidence that's been reinforced as President -- that people are all essentially the same. 我相信，在表面之下，所有人都是一样的。这部分源于我自己的传统和背景。我父亲是来自非洲的黑人。我母亲是美国白人，她的祖先来自英格兰和苏格兰。我母亲再婚了，然后我们搬到了印度尼西亚。所以我有一个亚洲混血的妹妹。我有一半华裔的侄女。所以在我自己的家庭里，我拥有所有人的基因血统。这给了我信心——这种信心在我担任总统期间得到了加强——人们本质上都是一样的。
Similar hopes, similar dreams, similar strengths, similar weaknesses. But we're also all bound by history and culture and habits. And so conflicts arise, in part, because of some weaknesses in human nature. When we feel threatened, then we like to strike out against people who are not like us. When change is happening too quickly, and we try to hang on to those things that we think could give us a solid foundation. And sometimes the organizing principles are around issues like race, or religion. When there are times of scarcity, then people can turn on each other. 相似的希望，相似的梦想，相似的优点，相似的弱点。但我们也都受到历史、文化和习惯的束缚。因此，冲突的产生部分是因为人性中的某些弱点。当我们感到受到威胁时，我们就会攻击与我们不同的人。当变化发生得太快时，我们会试图抓住那些我们认为能给我们坚实基础的东西。有时，组织原则是围绕种族或宗教等问题展开的。在物质匮乏的时候，人们会互相攻击。
And so I don't underestimate the very real challenges that we continue to face, and I don't think it is inevitable that the world comes together in a common culture and common understanding. But overall, I am hopeful. And the reason I'm hopeful is, if you look at the trajectory of history, humanity has slowly improved. Not in a straight line -- sometimes you take two steps forward and then you take one step back. 所以我不会低估我们继续面临的非常现实的挑战，我也不认为世界必然会走向共同的文化和共同的理解。但总的来说，我是充满希望的。我之所以充满希望，是因为如果你看看历史的轨迹，人类一直在缓慢进步。不是直线前进的——有时候你进两步，退一步。
But if anybody here was asked the question, what moment in human history would you want to be born, and you didn’t know ahead of time whether you were going to be born in the United States or in Namibia, you didn’t know ahead of time whether you were going to be male or female, born into a wealthy family or a poor family, so all you knew was what moment in history would give you the best chance for the best life, you would choose today. Because the world is wealthier than it's ever been. It is better educated than it's ever been. It is more tolerant of differences than it's ever been. 但如果这里有人被问到这样一个问题：你想出生在人类历史的哪个时刻，而你事先不知道自己会出生在美国还是纳米比亚，你事先不知道自己是男是女，出生在富裕家庭还是贫穷家庭，你只知道哪个历史时刻能给你最好的机会过上最好的生活，你会选择今天。因为世界比以往任何时候都更富裕。教育水平比以往任何时候都更高。对差异的包容度比以往任何时候都更高。
It's more connected than it's ever been. It's healthier than it's ever been. We live longer than we ever have. We have better dental care than we ever have. 联系比以往任何时候都更紧密。健康状况比以往任何时候都更好。我们的寿命比以往任何时候都长。我们的牙科保健比以往任何时候都好。
It used to be if you had a bad tooth, that was bad. You had a problem. Now you go see the dentist most of the time -- in many countries around the world. It's a small thing, but it's important. Penicillin. Books. Women are treated with more respect, on average, today -- even though we have a long way to go. People with sexual differences are treated with more respect. 过去，如果你有一颗坏牙，那就糟了。你有麻烦了。现在，在世界上许多国家，大多数时候你都可以去看牙医。这是件小事，但很重要。青霉素。书籍。平均而言，如今女性受到更多尊重——尽管我们还有很长的路要走。性少数群体受到更多尊重。
And even violence -- because today we see terrorism and it's painful, and we're shocked and horrified by what happens -- and yet, if you look even in the 20th century, much less if you go back to the days of the conquistadores or Genghis Khan or slavery -- but even just in the 20th century, the world is far less violent today, on average, than it was 25, 50, 100 years ago. 甚至暴力——因为今天我们看到恐怖主义，它令人痛苦，我们对发生的事情感到震惊和恐惧——然而，如果你看看20世纪，更不用说回到征服者、成吉思汗或奴隶制的时代——但仅仅在20世纪，今天的世界平均而言比25年、50年、100年前要和平得多。
So all of that makes me hopeful. But as I said, it's not inevitable. And I think one of the things that's important for bringing about further progress is that we listen to each other and we understand our differences. I don't think it's necessary for us to all speak one language, or all have the same foods, or all have the same customs. But I do believe that there are some universal principles that are important. 所以所有这些都让我充满希望。但正如我所说，这不是必然的。我认为，对于取得进一步进展而言，重要的事情之一是我们相互倾听，理解我们的差异。我认为我们不必都说同一种语言，都吃同样的食物，或者都有同样的习俗。但我确实相信，有一些普世原则是重要的。
I believe that the most important principle is a very simple one that is at the heart of most of the world’s great religions, which is treat somebody the same way you’d want to be treated. And if you start with that basic premise, then we will continue to make progress. 我认为最重要的原则非常简单，它是世界上大多数伟大宗教的核心，那就是以你希望被对待的方式对待他人。如果你从这个基本前提出发，那么我们将继续取得进步。
But I also think that in order for us to make progress, we have to have that fellow feeling and we have to combine that with the use of our brains and reason, and our intellect. And what’s interesting now, everybody here has a phone -- everybody is looking all the time. And in some ways, that's actually isolating people sometimes more than it's bringing people together. And what I also notice is, because there’s so much information coming in, that sometimes people just surf the surface of information as opposed to analysis and understanding and study. 但我也认为，为了取得进步，我们必须有同情心，必须将其与我们的大脑、理性和智慧结合起来。现在有趣的是，这里的每个人都有手机——每个人都在不停地看。在某些方面，这实际上让人们更加孤立，而不是将人们联系在一起。我还注意到，因为有太多的信息涌入，有时人们只是在信息的表面浏览，而不是进行分析、理解和研究。
In America, sometimes in our politics you see sound bites -- what we call sound bites. I don't know the translation. But it's just the Twitter line without trying to figure out, okay, is this true or not? What are the facts? And when it comes to an issue like climate change, we have to have a maturity to say, okay, here’s what the science tells us -- the planet is getting warmer -- and even though it's not happening right now, and it's a beautiful day outside in Buenos Aires, we have to start working now, so that 20, 30, 50, 100 years from now we still have a beautiful planet to live on. 在美国，有时在我们的政治中你会看到"原声片段"——我们称之为sound bites。我不知道怎么翻译。就是推特上的一句话，而不去搞清楚，好吧，这是不是真的？事实是什么？当涉及到气候变化这样的问题时，我们必须成熟地说，好吧，科学告诉我们——地球正在变暖——尽管现在还没有发生，布宜诺斯艾利斯外面天气很好，但我们必须现在就开始行动，这样20年、30年、50年、100年后，我们仍然有一个美丽的星球可以居住。
That requires not just a strong heart, but also using our heads. And if we do those two things, then I feel confident that we'll make progress. We'll still have problems, but that's what makes life interesting, is having a few problems. 这不仅需要坚强的心，还需要运用我们的头脑。如果我们做到这两点，我就有信心我们会取得进步。我们仍然会有问题，但这正是生活有趣的地方——有一些问题需要解决。
I'm going to alternate between men and women, so that we make it fair. This young lady right there, since she’s standing right in the front. 我会男女交替提问，这样才公平。那边的那位年轻女士，既然她就站在前面。
Question: I'm going to have a heart attack, Mr. President. 提问：我要心脏病发作了，总统先生。
President Obama: Oh, don't have a heart attack! That would be bad! 奥巴马总统：哦，别心脏病发作！那可不好！
Question: I'm a university professor. I teach American political communications. I have no answers, but I don't want to feel worse for my students. And I want to say that you are my hero, yes. 提问：我是一名大学教授。我教美国政治传播。我没有答案，但我不想让我的学生觉得更糟。我想说，你是我的英雄，真的。
President Obama: Well, thank you so much. I appreciate that. Thank you. Since you didn’t have a question, I'll call on that young lady in the front, as well, just so that she -- that way I get a question. But that was very nice. Thank you. 奥巴马总统：非常感谢你。我很感激。谢谢你。既然你没有问题，我也请前排那位年轻女士提问吧，这样——这样我就能得到一个问题了。不过你人真好。谢谢你。
Question: Thank you. Mr. President, I'm a research scientist. I'm very proud to have you here in my country, really. And I’m thankful, too, because I was educated in your country during my postdoc in teaching research. So my question is related with that, with science, principally, because I feel like always art and science was like the fields where the human being have not limits. 提问：谢谢。总统先生，我是一名研究科学家。我非常自豪您能来到我的国家，真的。我也很感激，因为我博士后期间是在你们国家接受的教育，从事教学研究。所以我的问题与此相关，主要是科学领域，因为我一直觉得艺术和科学是人类没有极限的领域。
And I was wondering if you are not fine, if you are not really just doing more than collaboration between our countries -- and this is the most important thing in this area -- why not to do a stronger collaboration between your country and mine, like this idea between others that perhaps other people have? But I was organizing with a Professor David Kaplan in the United States, who was my mentor there, to have a representation here in Argentina from their laboratory of research. 我在想，您是否觉得——您是否真的不只是在我们两国之间进行合作——这是该领域最重要的事情——为什么不在贵国和我国之间开展更深入的合作呢，就像其他人可能提出的想法一样？我一直在和美国的大卫·卡普兰教授组织合作，他是我在那里的导师，想让他们的研究实验室在阿根廷设立代表处。
I know that there are a lot of programs of collaboration, like Georgetown, to be done like I did. But I feel like stronger collaboration in this field must be another kind of thing -- not only to have knowledge, but to put in real -- like, for example, technologic transfer. But I feel like science, basic science is very, very important. When I've been there like a researcher, I feel like we can do more. So I want to know about that. 我知道有很多合作项目，比如乔治城大学的项目，像我参加过的那样。但我觉得在这个领域更深入的合作必须是另一种形式——不仅是获取知识，还要付诸实践——比如技术转让。但我觉得科学，基础科学是非常非常重要的。当我作为一名研究员在那里的时候，我觉得我们可以做得更多。所以我想了解这方面的情况。
President Obama: Good. Well, President Macri and I spoke about this in our meeting. I think the possibilities of collaboration between Argentina and the United States in scientific fields as well as the cultural fields -- there’s a huge opportunity there. We can do much more than we've done so far. And you're right that it's not enough just to have student exchanges. There’s work that also has to be done together. And the more minds we have that work on it, the sooner we'll be able to solve problems. 奥巴马总统：好的。马克里总统和我在会晤中讨论了这个问题。我认为阿根廷和美国在科学领域以及文化领域的合作潜力巨大，机会很多。我们可以比目前做得更多。你说得对，仅仅有学生交流是不够的。还必须有共同开展的工作。参与的头脑越多，我们就能越早解决问题。
I'll give you one specific example, and that is when it comes to diseases and medicine. Everybody here is familiar with the emerging problem of Zika throughout the Americas. It turns out the Zika is not a complicated virus. And I'm actually quite optimistic that we'll be able to find a diagnostic tool and a vaccine for Zika. But the reason in the past that it hasn’t been developed was because it was predominantly in small, poorer countries in isolated areas. There wasn’t a lot of money to be made selling drugs to solve this small problem. And so it didn’t get any attention. 我给你举一个具体的例子，那就是在疾病和医学方面。这里的每个人都熟悉寨卡病毒在美洲各地出现的问题。事实证明，寨卡病毒并不是一种复杂的病毒。实际上，我相当乐观，我们将能够找到寨卡病毒的诊断工具和疫苗。但过去它没有被开发出来的原因是，它主要出现在孤立地区的小型贫穷国家。卖药解决这个小问题赚不了多少钱。所以它没有得到任何关注。
Except now we live in this world where everybody travels, where everybody is mobile, and so there’s no such thing as a disease that's just isolated in one place, because if we don't cure that disease, if we don't identify it early enough, it will sweep the world. And oftentimes it will sweep very rapidly because there’s no immunity and people aren't accustomed to it. 但现在我们生活在这样一个世界里，每个人都在旅行，每个人都在流动，所以没有一种疾病只孤立在一个地方，因为如果我们不治愈那种疾病，如果我们不及早发现它，它就会席卷全球。而且通常它会传播得非常快，因为没有免疫力，人们对它不适应。
And that's true -- we saw what happened with Ebola. Now were seeing it with Zika. And obviously the thing I'm most concerned about is if we end up seeing a flu, an airborne disease -- because we know that in the past, in 1918, with the Spanish Flu, millions of people around the world died -- it can go very fast. 确实如此——我们看到了埃博拉的情况。现在我们看到了寨卡的情况。显然，我最担心的是，如果我们最终遇到流感，一种空气传播的疾病——因为我们知道，过去在1918年，西班牙流感导致全世界数百万人死亡——它传播得非常快。
So this is an example where our goal is to work with the Brazilians, with the Cubans, with the Argentinians, with everyone so that we are pooling our resources, solving the problem quickly, getting clinical trials done quickly, finding ways that are culturally appropriate to make sure that people get the medicines they need quickly. And if we use the old model where each country is doing its own thing and working with its own companies, and not worrying about what’s happening elsewhere, we're not going to solve it. 所以这是一个例子，我们的目标是与巴西人、古巴人、阿根廷人、所有人合作，集中我们的资源，迅速解决问题，快速完成临床试验，找到文化上合适的方式，确保人们迅速获得所需的药物。如果我们沿用旧模式，每个国家各自为政，只与自己的公司合作，不关心其他地方发生的事情，我们就解决不了问题。
So I think the opportunities for collaboration are there. They are strong. We're going to be developing over the next several months, I hope, a plan for the kind of collaboration that you described. Now, it won't all change overnight, but we do think that we can make progress in this area. And this is the kind of thing that not only solves problems but it also breeds understanding. It creates -- it makes people simpatico -- right -- in a way that reduces the possibilities of conflict over time. 所以我认为合作的机会是存在的。而且很强劲。我希望，在接下来的几个月里，我们将制定一个你所描述的那种合作计划。现在，这不会一夜之间全部改变，但我们确实认为我们可以在这一领域取得进展。这类事情不仅能解决问题，还能增进理解。它能让人们——怎么说呢——意气相投，对吧——久而久之减少冲突的可能性。
So it's an excellent question. Thank you. 所以这是一个极好的问题。谢谢你。
All right. It's a gentleman’s turn. Let’s see, this gentleman right here in the sweater. 好的。该男士提问了。让我看看，那边穿毛衣的那位先生。
Question: Hi. And welcome to Argentina, Mr. President. And first of all, I would like to say thank you for having us here. It's a pleasure and an honor. And thank you, and thanks, Argentina -- as a truly proud member of the gay community -- for fighting for our rights as humans, as we all are. 提问：您好。欢迎来到阿根廷，总统先生。首先，我要感谢您邀请我们来到这里。这是一种荣幸和荣耀。谢谢您，也谢谢阿根廷——作为同性恋社区的一员，我真的很自豪——感谢你们为我们作为人类的权利而战，我们都是人。
My question is, given the fact that, right in the world, most of the main causes of death -- such as heart disease or chronic lower respiratory disease, diabetes, or even clandestine abortion in Argentina -- can be prevented with proper health education, climate change policies, and of course medical research. So which ones do you think are, in these seven years now as President of the United States, your greatest achievements in terms of those issues? 我的问题是，考虑到当今世界上大多数主要死亡原因——如心脏病、慢性下呼吸道疾病、糖尿病，甚至阿根廷的秘密堕胎——都可以通过适当的健康教育、气候变化政策，当然还有医学研究来预防。那么您认为，在担任美国总统的这七年里，您在这些问题上最大的成就是什么？
President Obama: Well, first of all, I had to start in the United States, because we were the only advanced nation on Earth that didn’t have a universal health care program, and so we had millions of people who did not have health care. So I had, as some of you know, a very big fight to establish a system -- that's not ideal because we had to modify it and adapt it to the existing system that we already had, but that has now provided 20 million people with health care that didn’t have it before. 奥巴马总统：首先，我必须从美国国内做起，因为我们是地球上唯一没有全民医疗保健计划的发达国家，所以我们有数百万人没有医疗保障。所以正如你们有些人知道的，我经历了一场非常大的斗争来建立一个体系——这并不理想，因为我们必须对现有的体系进行修改和调整，但这个体系现在已经为2000万以前没有医保的人提供了医疗保障。
So part of the answer is to make sure that people have access to basic care, particularly preventive care. Because so many of the diseases that occur around the world, we can prevent fairly cheaply, and once people are sick, then it's very expensive. So, in Africa, if we can get mosquito nets -- we know that a lot of disease and death is caused by mosquito-borne diseases. And we've pushed very hard, and we are now in a position where we could potentially, if not completely, eliminate and then shrink drastically the incidents of malaria around the world. 所以部分答案是确保人们能够获得基本医疗保健，特别是预防性保健。因为世界上发生的很多疾病，我们都可以用相当低的成本预防，而一旦人们生病了，治疗费用就非常昂贵。所以在非洲，如果我们能提供蚊帐——我们知道很多疾病和死亡是由蚊媒疾病引起的。我们已经大力推动，现在我们处于这样一个位置：即使不能完全消除，也能大幅减少全球疟疾的发病率。
It's not that complicated. It's just a matter of organizing how we do it. And we know we've done it before because polio, for example, is an area where there's been enormous progress, and there's just a few pockets of polio left in the world. Small pox, same thing. So we know how to do this. It's a matter of global organization that's very important. So that's point number one. 这并不复杂。这只是如何组织的问题。而且我们知道我们以前做到过，因为比如脊髓灰质炎，就取得了巨大进展，世界上只剩下少数几个脊髓灰质炎疫区了。天花也是一样。所以我们知道如何做到这一点。全球组织非常重要。这是第一点。
Point number two. People's incomes have to be increased. Nothing kills you like poverty. And so you can't separate trying to make people healthier from giving them the ability to make enough money and have enough resources to support themselves and their families. One of the things that we've done, in addition to the global health initiatives that we've worked on, is programs like Feed the Future. 第二点。必须提高人民的收入。没有什么比贫穷更致命。所以你不能把让人们更健康和让他们有能力赚足够的钱、有足够的资源养活自己和家人分开来看。除了我们一直在做的全球卫生倡议之外，我们做的事情之一就是"保障未来粮食供给"这样的项目。
And what we do is not give food -- although we obviously are the biggest contributor of food around the world -- but what we do is we take small farmers and we say, what is it that you need to increase yields? 我们做的不是提供粮食——尽管我们显然是世界上最大的粮食捐助国——但我们做的是找到小农户，问他们，你们需要什么来提高产量？
And in some cases, it may be something as simple as new seeds. In some cases, it may be something as simple as a small mechanized system so that they can process the seeds on sites. And just that small amount of processing allows them to sell it on the market more expensive because they don’t have to send it to a big grainery, and that person takes a cut of their income. And by getting a little bit more money, now maybe they can buy a small tractor in a cooperative. 在某些情况下，可能就是新种子这样简单的东西。在某些情况下，可能就是小型机械化系统这样简单的东西，这样他们就可以就地加工种子。仅仅那一点点加工，就能让他们在市场上卖更高的价钱，因为他们不必把粮食送到大粮仓，让别人从他们的收入中分一杯羹。多赚一点钱之后，也许他们就可以在合作社里买一台小型拖拉机。
And what we've been able to do is to see small landholders increase their incomes by five, seven, ten times. And suddenly, they become not just farmers but small business people, and they start hiring people. And it creates a new economy in those communities. And that's not just an economic program, it's also a health program -- because if they've got more money and now they've got a roof over their heads, and they can afford a mosquito net, and they're eating better so their body has greater immunity to diseases, there's enormous improvement generally. 我们已经做到的是，看到小农户的收入增加了五倍、七倍、十倍。突然间，他们不仅是农民，还成了小商人，开始雇佣人手。这在那些社区创造了新的经济。这不仅仅是一个经济项目，也是一个健康项目——因为如果他们有了更多的钱，有了栖身之所，买得起蚊帐，吃得更好，身体对疾病的免疫力就更强，整体状况就会有巨大改善。
Now, the good news -- remember I said this is why I'm optimistic -- if you look at the U.N. Millennium goals that were set 20 years ago, we did not achieve all the goals. But infant mortality has dropped dramatically during that period of time. The number of people who live in extreme poverty has dropped dramatically during this time. And so I was very glad that the U.N. came together this year around a new set of sustainable development goals. 好消息是——记得我说过这就是我乐观的原因——如果你看看20年前设定的联合国千年发展目标，我们没有实现所有目标。但婴儿死亡率在那段时期大幅下降。生活在极端贫困中的人数在那段时期大幅下降。所以我非常高兴，今年联合国围绕一套新的可持续发展目标达成了共识。
If we can do that, and we continue with the kinds of joint health care programs that I discussed, then I'm optimistic that we'll continue to see progress. Because most of the deaths that happen, they happen to infants with preventable diseases; they happen to mothers when they're giving birth; they occur because of diseases that could have been prevented with very little money and people having slightly higher incomes. 如果我们能做到这一点，并且继续推进我所谈到的那种联合医疗保健项目，我就对我们将继续看到进步持乐观态度。因为大多数死亡发生在患有可预防疾病的婴儿身上；发生在分娩的母亲身上；发生在那些本可以用很少的钱和人们稍高的收入就能预防的疾病上。
And so it's going to be up to young people like you, though, to continue to find new areas where we can make progress and make improvements. Good luck. 所以，要继续找到新的领域取得进步和改善，就要靠像你们这样的年轻人了。祝你好运。
The young woman right there. Yes, right there. 那边的年轻女士。对，就是你。
Question: Good afternoon. 提问：下午好。
President Obama: Good afternoon. 奥巴马总统：下午好。
Question: First of all, I want to thank your country and your administration for investing in women like me and others from around the world that use sports as a way of developing other women through the Global Sports Mentoring Program. 提问：首先，我要感谢贵国和贵国政府投资于像我这样的女性以及世界各地的其他女性，通过"全球体育导师计划"利用体育来发展其他女性。
President Obama: Excellent. 奥巴马总统：太好了。
Question: And then you mentioned two things during your speech before. One was that this is the generation that needs to make a change in the world -- and I honestly believe that. And then you also mentioned that we cannot expect to create those changes if we keep on doing the same things over and over for this amount of years. And in my opinion, when it comes to businesses, that's kind of the way things are working right now. 提问：您之前在演讲中提到了两件事。一是这一代人需要改变世界——我真心相信这一点。还有您提到，如果我们多年来一直重复做同样的事情，就不能指望创造那些改变。在我看来，谈到商业，现在的情况就是这样。
And when it comes to social entrepreneurs like myself or social businesses, there are very few countries that have a framework to empower people and social entrepreneurs to create those kinds of businesses. So my question is, what would be your advice for social entrepreneurs to keep on doing this hard work? And what do you think is the responsibilities of government to change those rules so that social businesses can be the new kind of businesses in this world? 对于像我这样的社会企业家或社会企业来说，很少有国家有框架来赋能人们和社会企业家创建这类企业。所以我的问题是，您对社会企业家继续这项艰苦工作有什么建议？您认为政府有什么责任改变这些规则，让社会企业能够成为世界上的新型企业？
President Obama: Before I answer your question, tell me a little bit -- tell me about your business. What is it -- tell me about the programs that you're doing. 奥巴马总统：在我回答你的问题之前，先告诉我一点——告诉我你的企业是做什么的。是什么——告诉我你们正在开展的项目。
Question: Okay, so I run a nonprofit organization in Rosario, and we focus on creating social change by empowering youth living in poverty and by generating civic participation. By that, we also use innovative tools such as coding for kids, new type of businesses we develop -- we help them achieve and develop life skills. That's what we are doing right now. 提问：好的，我在罗萨里奥经营一家非营利组织，我们专注于通过赋能生活在贫困中的青年和促进公民参与来创造社会变革。为此，我们还使用创新工具，比如儿童编程，我们开发新型商业模式——我们帮助他们实现和发展生活技能。这就是我们目前正在做的事情。
President Obama: And how long has the program been going on? 奥巴马总统：这个项目开展多久了？
Question: Almost 10 years now. 提问：快10年了。
President Obama: Okay. Excellent. Well, I started in the nonprofit sector in community work, and so it's something that I care deeply about. Each country is different. In the United States, most social entrepreneurs are typically financed through the private sector. Essentially philanthropies, rich people, or businesses, they finance it. Other countries -- it will come through the government and the taxes that people pay. 奥巴马总统：好的。太好了。我最初就是在社区工作的非营利部门起步的，所以这是我非常关心的事情。每个国家都不一样。在美国，大多数社会企业家通常是通过私营部门获得资金的。基本上是慈善机构、富人或企业提供资金。在其他国家——资金可能来自政府和人们缴纳的税款。
But what we've learned is that for many of the social problems that we face, it has to be a combination of the private sector and the nonprofit sector and government working together to really make a difference. And what do I mean by that? So I'm sure if you go into a poor neighborhood in Argentina, just like a poor neighborhood in the United States, there are a lot of different kinds of problems. 但我们了解到，对于我们面临的许多社会问题，必须是私营部门、非营利部门和政府共同努力，才能真正有所作为。我的意思是什么呢？我相信，如果你走进阿根廷的一个贫困社区，就像美国的贫困社区一样，会有很多不同类型的问题。
You have, first of all, economic issues because these communities don't have jobs, businesses have not invested in them; in some cases, it may be factories that used to be there moved away, and so the jobs that people used to have there no longer exist. 首先是经济问题，因为这些社区没有工作，企业没有在那里投资；在某些情况下，可能是原来的工厂搬走了，所以人们曾经拥有的工作岗位不复存在。
So part of the effort has to be how do we bring private-sector businesses and attract investment into those communities to create jobs. That's point number one. But the businesses may not come unless the government has built the infrastructure -- the roads or the Wi-Fi connections or what have you. So the government has to make an investment. And even if the businesses and the government are prepared to do what they need to do, the human capital -- the people -- they have to make sure that they're getting the education that they need, the training that they need. 所以部分努力必须是如何吸引私营企业，吸引投资进入这些社区，创造就业机会。这是第一点。但企业可能不会来，除非政府建设了基础设施——道路或无线网络之类的。所以政府必须进行投资。而且，即使企业和政府准备好做他们需要做的事情，人力资本——也就是人民——他们必须确保获得所需的教育和培训。
In some cases, in the United States at least, if they're very poor communities, you have young people who have been in poor families for generations. So they may not even know what the inside of an office building looks like. They may never have experienced what it means to go to a job at a certain time and structure their day in an organized way. And that's where a nonprofit, a social entrepreneur, can come and say, we'll partner with young people and have a professional or an adult who is working with that person and showing them, this is what's possible for you. 至少在美国，在某些情况下，如果是非常贫困的社区，年轻人出身于世代贫困的家庭。所以他们可能甚至不知道办公楼里面是什么样子。他们可能从未体验过在特定时间去上班、有条理地安排一天意味着什么。这就是非营利组织、社会企业家可以发挥作用的地方，他们可以说，我们将与年轻人合作，让一位专业人士或成年人与他们一起工作，向他们展示，你可以做到这些。
Opening their eyes to telling some young girl in a poor neighborhood, you can be a computer scientist and why don't you come with me, and this is what computers are, they're not that complicated, this is what coding means, and if you can do math, then you can start coding. And suddenly, just by them seeing the possibilities, that inspires their effort. 让他们开阔眼界，告诉贫困社区的某个年轻女孩，你可以成为一名计算机科学家，为什么不跟我来呢，计算机就是这样的，没那么复杂，编程就是这么回事，如果你会数学，你就可以开始编程。突然间，仅仅让他们看到可能性，就激发了他们的努力。
The point is, is that each of those pieces are important. I don't know enough about how social entrepreneurs and community organizations and nonprofits are financed here in Argentina to give you a good opinion. I could give you an opinion -- politicians always can give you opinions, but I can't give you a good opinion because I don't have enough information about what changes might be made to give an organization like yours more support. 关键是，每一部分都很重要。我对阿根廷的社会企业家、社区组织和非营利组织的融资方式了解不够，无法给你一个很好的意见。我可以给你一个意见——政客总是可以给你意见——但我不能给你一个好的意见，因为我没有足够的信息，不知道可以做哪些改变来为像你这样的组织提供更多支持。
But one of the things that's interesting that's happening in the United States is that you're starting to see organizations that are kind of a blend of for-profit and non-for-profit. So they might have a business component that, let's say, sells handcrafts and artwork that's made by a community for profit, but then the money goes into financing the social programs that help give people these opportunities. And how they're treated in terms of taxes and the corporate organization -- that's going to change by country. Each country is going to have a different model. 但在美国发生的一件有趣的事情是，你开始看到一些混合了营利性和非营利性的组织。他们可能有一个商业部门，比如，销售社区制作的手工艺品和艺术品来盈利，然后这些钱用于资助帮助人们获得这些机会的社会项目。它们在税收和公司组织方面的待遇——因国家而异。每个国家都会有不同的模式。
But more and more, I believe that that's going to be the wave of the future if we want to make progress on these problems. 我越来越相信，如果我们想在这些问题上取得进展，这将是未来的潮流。
I guess to make a broader point, so often in the past there's been a sharp division between left and right, between capitalist and communist or socialist. And especially in the Americas, that's been a big debate, right? Oh, you know, you're a capitalist Yankee dog, and oh, you know, you're some crazy communist that's going to take away everybody's property. And I mean, those are interesting intellectual arguments, but I think for your generation, you should be practical and just choose from what works. 我想更广泛地说，过去左右之间、资本主义和共产主义或社会主义之间存在着尖锐的分歧。特别是在美洲，这一直是一场大辩论，对吧？哦，你知道，你是资本主义的美国狗，哦，你知道，你是个疯狂的共产主义者，要夺走所有人的财产。我的意思是，这些都是有趣的知识争论，但我认为对你们这一代人来说，你们应该务实，从有效的方法中选择。
You don't have to worry about whether it neatly fits into socialist theory or capitalist theory -- you should just decide what works. 你不必担心它是否完全符合社会主义理论或资本主义理论——你只需要决定什么有效。
And I said this to President Castro in Cuba. I said, look, you've made great progress in educating young people. Every child in Cuba gets a basic education -- that's a huge improvement from where it was. Medical care -- the life expectancy of Cubans is equivalent to the United States, despite it being a very poor country, because they have access to health care. That's a huge achievement. They should be congratulated. But you drive around Havana and you say this economy is not working. It looks like it did in the 1950s. 我在古巴对卡斯特罗主席说过这一点。我说，看，你们在教育年轻人方面取得了很大进展。古巴的每个孩子都能接受基础教育——这比以前有了巨大的进步。医疗保健——古巴人的预期寿命与美国相当，尽管它是一个非常贫穷的国家，因为他们有机会获得医疗保健。这是一项巨大的成就。他们应该受到祝贺。但你开车在哈瓦那转一转，你会说这个经济不起作用。看起来还停留在1950年代。
And so you have to be practical in asking yourself how can you achieve the goals of equality and inclusion, but also recognize that the market system produces a lot of wealth and goods and services. And it also gives individuals freedom because they have initiative. 所以你必须务实地问自己，如何才能实现平等和包容的目标，同时也认识到市场体系会产生大量的财富、商品和服务。它也给个人自由，因为人们有主动性。
And so you don't have to be rigid in saying it’s either this or that, you can say -- depending on the problem you're trying to solve, depending on the social issues that you're trying to address what works. And I think that what you’ll find is that the most successful societies, the most successful economies are ones that are rooted in a market-based system, but also recognize that a market does not work by itself. It has to have a social and moral and ethical and community basis, and there has to be inclusion. Otherwise it’s not stable. 所以你不必死板地说非此即彼，你可以说——取决于你试图解决的问题，取决于你试图解决的社会问题，什么有效就用什么。我认为你会发现，最成功的社会、最成功的经济体，都是植根于市场体系的，但也认识到市场不能自行运转。它必须有社会、道德、伦理和社区基础，必须有包容性。否则它就不稳定。
And it’s up to you -- whether you're in business or in academia or the nonprofit sector, whatever you're doing -- to create new forms that are adapted to the new conditions that we live in today. 这取决于你们——无论你是在商界、学术界还是非营利部门，无论你在做什么——创造适应我们今天生活的新条件的新形式。
Okay, let’s see. It’s a guy’s turn, a gentleman’s turn. Hold on a second. That guy right there, in the dark shirt. Yes, you. No, right there. Go ahead. You. Yes, I can hear you. Go ahead. Speak right into the microphone. You don't have a microphone. Where is the microphone? Here, it’s coming. But be careful. Don't fall over. It’s a little tight over there. 好的，让我看看。该男士提问了。等一下。那边穿深色衬衫的那位。对，就是你。不，就是那边。请说。对，你。是的，我能听到你。请说。对着麦克风说。你没有麦克风。麦克风在哪里？来了。不过小心点。别摔倒了。那边有点挤。
Question: Hello? 提问：喂？
President Obama: Yes, I can hear you now. 奥巴马总统：嗯，我现在能听到你了。
Question: Hello, Mr. President. I am a senior in high school. This fall I will be -- I will start studying international relations in American University at the School of International Service. 提问：您好，总统先生。我是一名高中生。今年秋天我将——我将开始在美利坚大学国际服务学院学习国际关系。
President Obama: Excellent. We look forward to seeing you. 奥巴马总统：太好了。我们期待见到你。
Question: Thank you. My question -- 提问：谢谢。我的问题是——
President Obama: Make sure to bring a coat, though. It’s going to be cool during the winter. 奥巴马总统：不过一定要带件外套。冬天会很冷。
Question: My question to you is regarding the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. I am an Arab Israeli myself. And the reality is that with an increase of illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank, this is leading to more and more -- to having a binational state. Do you think that a binational state where there is an Israeli Prime Minister and a Palestinian President, or a Palestinian Prime Minister and an Israeli President is a possibility? 提问：我想问您的问题是关于巴以冲突的。我自己是阿拉伯裔以色列人。现实是，随着约旦河西岸以色列非法定居点的增加，这越来越导致——导致一个双民族国家的出现。您认为一个双民族国家，由以色列总理和巴勒斯坦总统，或者巴勒斯坦总理和以色列总统共同治理，是否可能？
President Obama: No, it’s an interesting question. I was asked at the press conference to reflect on the seven and a half years where I’ve been President -- where I’ve been happy and feel that I’ve accomplished my goals, where I think I’ve been frustrated. And obviously the situation with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been an area where despite enormous efforts on my part -- and a lot of people’s parts -- we haven’t made the kind of progress that I wanted to see. 奥巴马总统：不，这是个有趣的问题。在记者会上有人问我，让我回顾我担任总统的七年半时间——哪些事情让我高兴，觉得实现了目标，哪些事情让我感到沮丧。显然，以巴冲突的局势一直是一个我——以及很多人——付出了巨大努力但没有取得我想要的进展的领域。
I continue to believe that the only way to resolve this issue is to have an Israeli predominantly Jewish state that is secure and safe, side by side with a sovereign and contiguous Palestinian state. 我仍然认为，解决这个问题的唯一途径是建立一个安全的、以犹太人为主的以色列国，与一个主权的、领土相连的巴勒斯坦国并存。
And the reason I say that is because I think the aspirations of the Palestinian people for a state of their own and self-determination is too strong to be denied. And I also think that the Jewish people, given their history, have to feel that they have a state that they are secure with, and that they can preserve from aggression. 我之所以这么说，是因为我认为巴勒斯坦人民对拥有自己的国家和自决权的渴望太强烈了，无法被否认。我也认为，犹太人民鉴于他们的历史，必须感到他们有一个安全的国家，可以抵御侵略。
And so there has been talk about a one-state solution, or sort of divided government. It’s hard for me to envision that being stable. There’s such deep distrust between the two peoples right now. And the neighborhood is in such a mess that I continue to believe that a two-state solution is the best way. 所以一直有关于一国方案或某种分治政府的讨论。我很难想象那会是稳定的。两国人民之间现在有如此深的不信任。这个地区又如此混乱，所以我仍然认为两国方案是最好的途径。
Now, over time that could evolve. But initially, at least, I think the Palestinians have to feel like they have something of their own that they can say, this is ours and it expresses our deepest aspirations. And I think that the Jewish people have to feel safe. 当然，随着时间的推移，情况可能会演变。但至少在初期，我认为巴勒斯坦人必须感到他们有属于自己的东西，可以说，这是我们的，它表达了我们最深切的愿望。我认为犹太人民必须感到安全。
Now, the problem is, is that history casts a heavy cloud on this. Each side only remembers its grief, and has a very difficult time -- has a very difficult time seeing the other side, the situation. And both of them have legitimate fears. And I will also say, though, that in some ways because Israeli society has been so successful economically, it has I think from a position of strength been less willing to make concessions. 问题是，历史在这件事上投下了沉重的阴影。双方都只记得自己的苦难，很难——很难看到对方的处境。双方都有合理的恐惧。我还要说，在某些方面，由于以色列社会在经济上如此成功，我认为它处于强势地位，不太愿意做出让步。
On the other hand, the Palestinians because of weakness have not had the political cohesion and organization to enter into negotiations and feel like they can get what they need. And so both side just go to separate corners. And we have worked and worked and worked. 另一方面，巴勒斯坦人由于处于弱势地位，没有政治凝聚力和组织能力来参与谈判，并觉得他们可以得到他们需要的东西。所以双方都退回到各自的角落。我们一直在努力、努力、再努力。
And last year and the year before that, John Kerry -- that poor man, he was flying back and forth, and taking messages back and forth, and I was making phone calls. But ultimately we can't do it for them. And so the tragedy of the situation there is that until the populations of both peoples recognize the truth, which is they're going to be living together one way or another. And the question is: Are you going to be living together with checkpoints and people being stabbed and hatred? Or are you going to be living together in a way that creates opportunity and hope for children? 去年和前年，约翰·克里——那个可怜的人，他飞来飞去，传递消息，我也在打电话。但最终，我们不能替他们做这件事。所以那里局势的悲剧在于，直到两国人民都认识到真相，也就是他们无论如何都要生活在一起。问题是：你们是要在检查站、被刺杀的人和仇恨中共同生活？还是要以一种为孩子创造机会和希望的方式共同生活？
Until they make that decision and that is reflected in the political leaders they elected, and the politics that they promote, there’s very little that we can do to force it to happen. 直到他们做出这个决定，并且这个决定反映在他们选出的政治领导人和他们推行的政治中，我们几乎无能为力来强迫它发生。
That doesn't mean we don't keep trying and trying to persuade and provide incentives. But ultimately, this is going to be something that those people have to decide on. 这并不意味着我们不继续努力，不继续试图说服和提供激励。但最终，这将是那些人民自己必须决定的事情。
And here’s the last thing I will say, though, and I’ve said this to Prime Minister Netanyahu, and I’ve said this publicly. If you look at the demographics of the region and the West Bank and Gaza, and the Arab-Israeli population, it’s growing much faster than the Jewish population. If you don't find a way to resolve the conflict, then over time you're going to have to make a choice: Do we preserve this as a Jewish state, but it is now no longer a democracy? Because if it was, then the Jewish people would be a small minority. 不过我最后要说的是，我已经对内塔尼亚胡总理说过，我也公开说过。如果你看看该地区、约旦河西岸和加沙的人口结构，以及阿拉伯裔以色列人口，它的增长速度比犹太人口快得多。如果你找不到解决冲突的办法，那么随着时间的推移，你将不得不做出选择：我们是保留这个犹太国家，但它不再是民主国家？因为如果是民主国家，犹太人将成为少数。
Or do you preserve its Jewish character, but now it is -- or do you preserve the democracy, but now it’s no longer a predominantly Jewish state? You're going to have to make a choice. 或者，你是保留它的犹太特征，但现在它——还是你保留民主，但现在它不再是一个以犹太人为主的国家？你将不得不做出选择。
The only way to avoid that choice -- if you want to preserve it as a predominantly Jewish state and a democracy, then you have to give the Palestinian people and Arab people who are living in that community their own state in order to have self-determination. And I hope that that happens. 避免这种选择的唯一方法——如果你想保留它作为一个以犹太人为主的国家和一个民主国家，那么你必须让生活在那个社区的巴勒斯坦人民和阿拉伯人民拥有自己的国家，以实现自决。我希望这能实现。
And even once I’m no longer President, I will continue to try to promote that peaceful dialogue. But I will be the first one to confess this is not something I was able to get done. And I’m not that hopeful that it’s going to happen in the next nine months. It’s been 60 years; it’s not going to happen in the next nine months. 即使我不再担任总统，我也将继续努力推动和平对话。但我会第一个承认，这不是我能够完成的事情。而且我对它在未来九个月内发生不抱太大希望。这已经拖了60年了；不会在接下来的九个月里解决。
All right, so I’m going to go back here in the shadows here. I didn't even see these folks back here. Yes, this gentleman in the t-shirt and the sunglasses. This side hasn’t gotten attention? Okay, you'll be nice. 好的，我要回到后面这片阴影区域了。我都没看到后面的这些人。对，那位穿T恤戴墨镜的先生。这边还没人提问过？好的，你来。
Question: [As interpreted.] The question is, taking into account that Donald Trump is one of the candidates in the Republican Party, why do you think that the people is supporting the policies that he supports? And do you think that he will reach the presidency? 提问：（经翻译）问题是，考虑到唐纳德·特朗普是共和党的候选人之一，您认为为什么人们支持他支持的那些政策？您认为他会当上总统吗？
President Obama: So the question was about the elections, the elections in the United States. Look, politics in the United States is complicated, just like every other country. You know something about this here in Argentina. Politics is complicated. But that's part of the problem with and the benefit of a democracy, which is, it's loud and it's noisy and complicated. 奥巴马总统：这个问题是关于选举的，美国的选举。听着，美国的政治很复杂，就像其他每个国家一样。你们在阿根廷对此有所了解。政治是复杂的。但这既是民主的问题，也是民主的好处，那就是，它喧嚣、嘈杂、复杂。
What you're seeing right now is, in part, that the Republican Party has moved to the right very strongly during the course of my presidency. Now, there are a lot of reasons for that. But that's just a fact. And I think that the Republican Party, because of their efforts to oppose me, found themselves taking positions that were further and further away from the mainstream. It was successful in some ways in getting congressional candidates elected, because during the elections the turnout is typically very low, and so the most passionate people vote. 你们现在看到的，部分是共和党在我任期内强烈右倾。这有很多原因。但这是事实。我认为，共和党因为反对我而努力，发现自己采取的立场越来越远离主流。这在某些方面成功地让国会候选人当选，因为在选举期间，投票率通常很低，所以最有激情的人去投票。
And in this new media age where people are getting their info, as I said before, in sound bites, and where they don’t necessarily get the same information, depending on whether they're on the left or on the right, they can decide, I'm only going to read the things I agree with already, as opposed to getting a broader opinion. 在这个新媒体时代，正如我之前所说，人们通过"原声片段"获取信息，他们不一定获得相同的信息，这取决于他们是左派还是右派，他们可以决定，我只读我已经认同的东西，而不是获得更广泛的观点。
What happened was, is that it reinforced a politics that was based on what they oppose as opposed to what they were for. And primarily, they opposed me. And so that's what's happening inside of the Republican Party. Within the Democratic Party, which I think is not going through as big of a change, I do think that Mr. Sanders and Secretary Clinton are responding to a continued concern, which is the economy has recovered, it is much better than it was when I came into office, but the crisis that we went through in 2008-2009 has left a lot of people feeling more insecure. 结果是，这强化了一种基于他们反对什么而非支持什么的政治。主要是，他们反对我。所以这就是共和党内部正在发生的事情。在民主党内部——我认为变化没有那么大——我确实认为桑德斯先生和克林顿国务卿正在回应一种持续的担忧，那就是经济已经复苏，比我上任时好得多，但我们经历的2008-2009年的危机让很多人感到更没有安全感。
And so even though their lives are better now, they're worried how is it going to be in the future. 所以即使他们现在的生活更好了，他们也担心未来会怎样。
And they see some of the global trends that you probably see here in Argentina, which is globalization is disrupted, and the days are over where you get a job and you stay in it for 30 years or 40 years, and then you retire and you have a pension, and it's all simple. Now you might have a job for five years, and then the company closes and you've got to retrain, and you've got to go to another job, and you're trying to figure out how to save to pay for your child's education, while you're also trying to save for retirement. 他们看到了一些你可能在阿根廷也看到的全球趋势，那就是全球化被打乱了，一份工作干三四十年然后退休领养老金的日子已经一去不复返了，一切都很简单。现在你可能干五年，然后公司倒闭了，你得重新培训，换一份工作，你得想办法存钱付孩子的教育费，同时还要为退休存钱。
So you're starting to see, I think, a more vocal discussion of changing some of the economic arrangements and institutional arrangements in the United States. And in that sense, this is the same debate that's taking place everywhere in the advanced economies. What you're seeing is more and more growth is going to just a few, and the poor may have improved a little bit, but the middle class starts to feel more insecure. And that creates a willingness to question some of the existing institutional arrangements. 所以我认为，你开始看到关于改变美国一些经济安排和制度安排的更激烈讨论。从这个意义上说，这和所有发达经济体正在进行的辩论是一样的。你看到的是，越来越多的增长流向少数人，穷人可能略有改善，但中产阶级开始感到更没有安全感。这让人愿意质疑一些现有的制度安排。
So both on the left and the right, there are disruptions and people are asking more serious questions about the economy. It's just that it's a little more extreme in the Republican Party. But look, I am a Democratic President, so you should assume that my answer is a little biased. I will acknowledge that. 所以左派和右派都有动荡，人们在对经济提出更严肃的问题。只是共和党那边更极端一些。但是，听着，我是民主党总统，所以你应该认为我的回答有点偏见。我承认这一点。
The good news is, though, that ultimately I have great trust and great faith in the American people. I think, ultimately, they will make a good decision in terms of the next President and the next administration. I also think that one of the great advantages of the United States system, even though it's very frustrating sometimes for the President, is that power is distributed across a lot of institutions. It's what we call separation of powers and decentralization. 但好消息是，最终我对美国人民有着极大的信任和信心。我认为，最终他们会就下一任总统和下一届政府做出正确的决定。我还认为，美国制度的巨大优势之一——尽管有时对总统来说非常令人沮丧——是权力分布在许多机构中。这就是我们所说的三权分立和权力下放。
So it's not just that the President and Congress are separate centers of power; it's also true that you have state governments that are powerful. The private sector is powerful. And this makes it hard sometimes for America to change as rapidly as we need to, to respond to changed circumstances or problems because it's sort of like herding cats -- you're constantly trying to get everybody to work together and move in the same direction at the same time. And that's difficult. 所以不仅总统和国会是独立的权力中心；州政府也很强大。私营部门也很强大。这有时使得美国很难像我们需要的那样迅速改变，以应对变化的环境或问题，因为这有点像赶猫——你一直试图让所有人一起工作，同时朝同一个方向前进。这很困难。
The advantage is that even if we end up with somebody who I might not consider a great President, there is a limit to some of the damage that they can do because -- and I'm sure Republicans feel that about me -- they're glad that there's distribution of power because they imagine that I would have turned the United States into Cuba, I suppose. They tend to exaggerate little bit how I see the world. 但好处是，即使我们最终选出了一个我可能不认为是好总统的人，他们能造成的损害也是有限的——我相信共和党人对我也是这么想的——他们很高兴有权力分配，因为他们想象我会把美国变成古巴，我猜。他们有点夸大了我对世界的看法。
But that's why I think that the United States has been stable as a democracy for a very long time. And that's why I think not only do I have confidence the American people will make a good choice, but we usually can recover from mistakes and typically we find leadership, and because it's a democracy, there are enough voices that lift up to correct those mistakes over time. 但这就是为什么我认为美国作为一个民主国家长期保持稳定的原因。这就是为什么我不仅有信心美国人民会做出正确的选择，而且我们通常能从错误中恢复过来，通常能找到领导力，因为这是一个民主国家，有足够多的声音站出来，随着时间的推移纠正这些错误。
Last question? Okay. This young lady right here. 最后一个问题？好的。那边的年轻女士。
Question: Good afternoon. 提问：下午好。
President Obama: Good afternoon. 奥巴马总统：下午好。
Question: I'm 16 years old. I was part of the Young Ambassadors Program 2015, sponsored by the U.S. Department of State. Thanks to that program, I had a chance to see the world from a different point of view by living with a host community in Missouri. 提问：我今年16岁。我参加了2015年由美国国务院主办的青年大使计划。多亏了那个项目，我有机会通过住在密苏里州的寄宿社区，从不同的角度看世界。
President Obama: In Missouri? 奥巴马总统：在密苏里州？
Question: Yes, in Kansas City -- 提问：是的，在堪萨斯城——
President Obama: What city -- what town were you in? 奥巴马总统：哪个城市——哪个镇？
Question: In April, in late summer. 提问：四月份，夏末的时候。
President Obama: Okay, where were you in Missouri? 奥巴马总统：好的，你在密苏里州哪里？
Question: Kansas City. 提问：堪萨斯城。
President Obama: Yes, in Kansas City. 奥巴马总统：哦，在堪萨斯城。
Question: So that made me realize how different and similar are the cultures between Argentina and America. But at the same time, this program was given to us to make an impact in our community when we came back. And I was thinking, why sometimes it's so hard for nations to work together to invent a better world? Why sometimes it's hard for political leaders to get along if, after all, we are all humans, and we all have blood in our veins, and we all want the world to be a better place? 提问：这让我意识到阿根廷和美国的文化有多么不同，又有多么相似。但同时，这个项目让我们回来后要在我们的社区产生影响。我在想，为什么有时候国家之间很难合作，创造一个更美好的世界？为什么有时候政治领袖很难相处，如果毕竟我们都是人类，我们的血管里都流着血，我们都希望世界变得更美好？
But sometimes you see news, terrorific things, and you just think, why can't I be President to change that? So you are a President, and maybe you can answer me? 但有时你看到新闻，可怕的事情，你就会想，为什么我不能当总统来改变这一切？所以您是总统，也许您可以回答我？
President Obama: Well, first of all -- so I'm just curious -- what was the thing that you thought was most different about the United States? What was the thing that surprised you or you said, well this is -- I did not expect this? 奥巴马总统：首先——我只是好奇——你觉得美国最不一样的地方是什么？什么事情让你感到惊讶，或者你说，哇，这是——我没想到会这样？
Question: I'm real sorry the question -- the answer is not going to be a serious one, but toilets. 提问：我很抱歉这个——答案不会是一个严肃的答案，是马桶。
President Obama: Were they better or worse? 奥巴马总统：更好还是更差？
Question: They were better, but they were automatic, so it's, like, kind of scary to get in there. 提问：更好，但它们是自动的，所以，有点吓人。
President Obama: Oh, that's a good point. If you don't know what's happening, you jump up. 奥巴马总统：哦，有道理。如果你不知道怎么回事，你会跳起来的。
Question: Exactly. 提问：没错。
President Obama: Well, not everybody has automatic toilets, so this must have been a very nice -- 奥巴马总统：不是所有人都有自动马桶，所以那肯定是个非常好的——
Question: If I'm serious, I think it's the way students, I had an opportunity to have some classes at the high school -- it was a public high school -- and how students see the world from a different perspective. Some didn't know what Argentina was, where it was; they would ask if we had Coca-Cola, if we had iPhones, if we had phones. And some others knew so much about Latin America. So it's like the U.S. is a big diverse country and it was so awesome, and it was different from here. 提问：说真的，我认为是学生的方式，我有机会在高中上过一些课——是一所公立高中——学生们如何从不同的角度看世界。有些人不知道阿根廷是什么，在哪里；他们会问我们有没有可口可乐，有没有iPhone，有没有手机。还有一些人对拉丁美洲了解很多。所以美国是一个很大的多元化国家，这太棒了，和这里不一样。
President Obama: That's interesting. Well, every country has strengths and weaknesses. I will say that an area where the United States -- I'd like us to do better is greater awareness of the world outside of the United States. And part of this is just history. America was so big and relatively protected from threats from other countries. And it was able to develop its own internal market, and so for a long time, in some ways, America didn't feel as if it needed to know what was really going on outside. 奥巴马总统：有意思。每个国家都有优点和缺点。我想说的是，在一个方面，美国——我希望我们做得更好——就是提高对美国以外世界的认识。这部分是因为历史。美国太大了，相对来说受到其他国家的威胁较少。它能够发展自己的内部市场，所以在很长一段时间里，在某些方面，美国觉得它不需要知道外面真正发生了什么。
It's part of the reason why we don't do as well on foreign languages compared to a lot of other countries with the kind of educational levels. 这就是为什么我们的外语水平不如许多其他教育水平相当的国家的原因之一。
And this is something that I've said to the American people and through our Education Department -- we have to change how we approach the world, because the world has shrunk. And if we want to train young Americans to be able to compete, they have to know where Argentina is. They have to know how to speak Spanish or Chinese -- Mandarin. Or understand the cultures and customs of other peoples. Every young person does in order to live in this now global community. 这是我已经对美国人民说过的，也是通过我们的教育部说过的——我们必须改变我们看待世界的方式，因为世界已经变小了。如果我们想培养美国年轻人的竞争力，他们必须知道阿根廷在哪里。他们必须会说西班牙语或中文——普通话。或者了解其他民族的文化和习俗。为了生活在这个现在的全球社区中，每个年轻人都需要这样做。
A reason that Presidents can't just solve things right away is because every leader in every country is gathering and expressing a very particular set of interests and history and institutional arrangements. And those interests oftentimes constrain what a leader can do, even if he or she wants to do it. 总统们不能立即解决问题的一个原因是，每个国家的每位领导人都在汇集和表达一套非常特殊的利益、历史和制度安排。这些利益常常限制了领导人能做什么，即使他或她想做。
So I was just mentioning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. If a Palestinian leader like Abu Mazen, President Abbas, wants to make peace with the Israelis, he has to convince Palestinians that they should give up certain claims that they may have in a negotiation. But if he makes that commitment, then there may be a younger Palestinian politician who sees that as a weakness, and it will turn around and say, look, Abbas is selling us out, he's not looking out for the interests of the Palestinian people, he is being manipulated or taken by the Israelis. 我刚才提到了以巴冲突。如果像阿布·马赞（阿巴斯主席）这样的巴勒斯坦领导人想与以色列人实现和平，他必须说服巴勒斯坦人，他们应该在谈判中放弃某些他们可能拥有的主张。但如果他做出这个承诺，那么可能会有更年轻的巴勒斯坦政客认为这是软弱的表现，然后反过来说，看，阿巴斯在出卖我们，他不关心巴勒斯坦人民的利益，他被以色列人操纵或利用了。
And then if Netanyahu wants peace, he's got to make concessions to create a Palestinian state. But he has to get elected, and he's thinking to himself, if I make this concession, then somebody in my party, the Likud, may challenge me. And so what happens is, is that most politicians are constantly making decisions based on what they're hearing from their various constituencies. And their constituencies -- they want what they want. They don't want to compromise sometimes. They don't want to understand the nuances of things. 然后如果内塔尼亚胡想要和平，他必须做出让步来建立一个巴勒斯坦国。但他必须当选，他在想，如果我做出这个让步，我党内的某个人，利库德集团的，可能会挑战我。所以情况就是，大多数政客不断根据他们从各个选区听到的声音做决定。而他们的选区——他们想要他们想要的。有时他们不想妥协。他们不想理解事情的细微差别。
And then it turns out that in politics, sometimes making somebody afraid of somebody else or creating an enemy is more successful in stirring up passion than trying to say let's understand this other person or these other people. So there are leaders who I think do a better job of focusing on the common good, and there are other leaders who are very narrowly focused on just how do I stay in power. 然后事实是，在政治中，有时让人们害怕别人或制造敌人，比试图说让我们理解这个人或这些人更能成功地激发激情。所以有些领导人，我认为，更善于关注共同利益，而有些领导人则非常狭隘地只关注我如何掌权。
And ultimately, if you're lucky enough to live in a democracy, then part of making sure that your leaders can act well is the citizens, the constituency, have to also be well-informed and be willing to give him or her the room to do things that may not be convenient for you right now, but may actually be the right thing to do. 最终，如果你足够幸运生活在民主国家，那么确保你的领导人能够好好行事的部分责任在于公民，也就是选民，他们也必须见多识广，愿意给他或她空间去做那些目前可能对你不方便但实际上是正确的事情。
And one thing that Argentina and America share is we are democratic. And I always say to the people of the United States, the most important position in a democracy is not the office of the President. The most important office is the office of citizen, because if you have citizens who are informed and know about other countries, and recognize that if we provide foreign aid to some distant country in Africa, that ultimately may make us healthier. 阿根廷和美国的一个共同点是我们都是民主国家。我总是对美国人民说，民主制度中最重要的职位不是总统职位。最重要的职位是公民职位，因为如果公民见多识广，了解其他国家，认识到如果我们向非洲某个遥远的国家提供对外援助，最终可能会让我们更健康。
And if you have a citizenry that recognizes that even if I have to pay slightly more in taxes -- which nobody likes paying taxes -- but if I do, maybe I can provide that young child who lives in a poorer neighborhood an opportunity for a better life. And then because she has a job and a better life, she can pay taxes, and then everybody has more, and the society is better off. 如果公民认识到，即使我必须多交一点税——没有人喜欢交税——但如果我交了，也许我就能给住在贫困社区的那个小孩提供更好生活的机会。然后因为她有了工作和更好的生活，她就可以交税，然后每个人都有更多，社会也更富裕。
If you don't have citizens like that, then you're going to get leaders who think very narrowly and you'll be disappointed. So the job -- one thing I always tell young people, don't just think that you elect somebody and then you expect them to solve all your problems and then you just sit back and complain when it doesn't happen. You have to work as a citizen also to provide the leaders the space and the direction to do the right thing. 如果没有那样的公民，那么你就会得到思想非常狭隘的领导人，你会失望的。所以——我总是告诉年轻人的一件事是，不要以为你选了某个人，然后就指望他们解决你所有的问题，然后当事情没有发生时你就坐在那里抱怨。你也必须作为公民努力，为领导人提供做正确事情的空间和方向。
It's just as important for you to challenge ignorance or discrimination or people who are always thinking in terms of war -- it's just as important for you to do that as the President because I don't care how good the person, the leader you elect is, if the people want something different. In a democracy, at least, that's what's going to happen. 你挑战无知或歧视或那些总是想着战争的人——这和总统做的一样重要，因为我不在乎你选出的领导人有多好，如果人民想要的是不同的东西。至少在民主国家，就会是这样。
Now, the good news is I think all of you are up to the task, up to the job of being good citizens. And I look forward to the citizens of the United States and the citizens of Argentina continuing to create a better world together. 好消息是，我认为你们所有人都能胜任这个任务，胜任做好公民的工作。我期待着美国公民和阿根廷公民继续共同创造一个更美好的世界。
Thank you very much, everybody. 非常感谢大家。