Greetings, massive! Wah gwaan, Jamaica? Can everybody please give Aubrey a big round of applause for the great introduction? I want to thank the University of the West Indies for hosting us. Big up, You-Wee! Thank you. I’ve been making myself at home here. 大家好！牙买加，你们好吗？请大家为奥布里的精彩介绍热烈鼓掌好吗？感谢西印度大学为我们提供场地。向你们致敬，UWI！谢谢。我在这里已经像在自己家一样自在了。
It is great to be in beautiful Jamaica -- not only because I’m proud to be the first President of the United States to visit in more than 30 years, but because I just like the vibe here. I was born on an island, and it was warm, and so I feel right at home. 来到美丽的牙买加真是太棒了——不仅因为我为自己是30多年来首位访问牙买加的美国总统而感到自豪，更因为我就是喜欢这里的氛围。我出生在一个岛上，那里很温暖，所以我感觉就像在家一样。
And I’m grateful for the warm Jamaican hospitality that I received this morning, including from Prime Minister Simpson-Miller . I also had the chance to meet with leaders from across the Caribbean, where we focused on issues of shared prosperity and shared security. And tomorrow, I’ll meet with leaders from across the hemisphere at the Summit of the Americas in Panama. 我感谢今天上午受到的牙买加式热情款待，包括辛普森-米勒总理的接待。我还有机会与加勒比地区各国领导人会面，重点讨论了共同繁荣和共同安全的问题。明天，我将在巴拿马出席美洲峰会，与西半球各国领导人会面。
But before my trip became all business, I wanted to come here and hear from young people like you. Because it is your generation who will shape the future of our countries and our region and this planet that we share long after those of us who are currently in public service are gone from the stage. 但在这次行程完全进入公事之前，我想先来这里听听像你们这样的年轻人的声音。因为在我们这些现任公职人员退出历史舞台之后，你们这一代人将塑造我们各国、我们地区以及我们共同拥有的这个星球的未来。
So I’m going to only speak for a few minutes at the top, because I’d rather spend time taking questions from you, and also because after we have a chance for our town hall, I get a chance to say hi to Usain Bolt and Shelly Ann Fraser-Pryce . When you have the fastest people on the planet, you’ve got to say hi to them, right? Because that’s fast. There are a lot of people out there, and they’re the fastest. 所以我一开始只讲几分钟，因为我更愿意花时间回答你们的问题，还因为在这次市政厅会议之后，我有机会和尤塞恩·博尔特以及谢莉-安·弗雷泽-普赖斯打个招呼。当你遇到地球上跑得最快的人时，你总得打个招呼，对吧？因为他们太快了。在场有这么多人，但他们是最快的。
Now, we are not just nations, we’re also neighbors. Tens of millions of Americans are bound to the Caribbean and the Americas through ties of commerce, but also ties of kin. More than one million Americans trace their ancestry to Jamaica. More than one million Americans visit Jamaica each year. So we’re committed to you and this region. And as I’ve said before, in our foreign policy there are no senior or junior partners in the Americas; there are just partners. 我们不仅是国家，我们也是邻居。数千万美国人通过商业纽带，也通过血缘纽带与加勒比和美洲联系在一起。超过一百万美国人的祖先可以追溯到牙买加。每年有超过一百万美国人访问牙买加。所以我们致力于你们和这个地区。正如我之前所说，在我们的外交政策中，美洲没有高级伙伴或初级伙伴之分；我们都是伙伴。
And that’s one reason why the United States has started a new chapter in our relations with the people of Cuba . We will continue to have some differences with the Cuban government, but we don’t want to be imprisoned by the past. When something doesn’t work for 50 years, you don’t just keep on doing it; you try something new. And we are as committed as ever to supporting human rights and political freedom in Cuba and around the world. But I believe that engagement is a more powerful force than isolation, and the changes we are making can help improve the lives of the Cuban people. 这也是为什么美国开启了与古巴人民关系新篇章的原因之一。我们与古巴政府仍将存在一些分歧，但我们不想被过去所禁锢。当一件事50年都不管用时，你不能一直重复做同样的事；你要尝试新的方法。我们一如既往地致力于支持古巴和世界各地的人权和政治自由。但我相信，接触是比孤立更强大的力量，我们正在做出的改变可以帮助改善古巴人民的生活。
And I also believe that this new beginning will be good for the United States and the entire hemisphere. 我也相信，这个新的开端将有利于美国和整个西半球。
My point is, I believe we can move past some of the old debates that so often define the region, and move forward in a way that benefits your generation with new thinking -- an energetic, impatient, dynamic and diverse generation that you represent, both in the United States and across this hemisphere. More than 100 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are between the ages of 15 and 24. Most of the region is under 35. 我的观点是，我相信我们可以摆脱那些常常定义本地区的陈旧争论，以新思维向前迈进，造福你们这一代人——你们代表着充满活力、不甘现状、富有朝气和多元的一代，无论是在美国还是在整个西半球。拉丁美洲和加勒比地区有超过一亿人口年龄在15至24岁之间。该地区大多数人口都在35岁以下。
And what gives me so much hope about your generation is that you’re more interested in the hard work of waging peace than resorting to the quick impulses of conflict. You’re more interested in the hard work of building prosperity through entrepreneurship, not cronyism or corruption. You’re more eager for progress that comes not by holding down any segment of society, but by holding up the rights of every human being, regardless of what we look like, or how we pray, or who we love. 而让我对你们这一代充满希望的是，你们更愿意致力于和平的艰巨事业，而不是诉诸冲突的一时冲动。你们更愿意通过创业而非裙带关系或腐败来建设繁荣。你们更渴望的进步，不是通过压制社会任何阶层，而是通过维护每个人的权利——无论我们的长相如何、信仰如何、爱谁。
You care less about the world as it has been, and more about the world as it should be and can be. And unlike any other time in our history, the technology at your disposal means that you don’t have to wait for the change that you’re looking for; you have the freedom to create it in your own in powerful and disruptive ways. Many of you already have, whether by starting your own enterprises or by helping others start theirs. 你们更少关心世界过去是什么样子，而更多关心世界应该和能够是什么样子。与历史上任何时期不同的是，你们手中的技术意味着你们不必等待你们所寻求的改变；你们有自由以强大而颠覆性的方式自己创造改变。你们中许多人已经在这样做了，无论是创办自己的企业，还是帮助他人创业。
And I’m going to just single out two remarkable young leaders who are here today because I think they’re an example of what is possible, even in the most difficult of circumstances. 我要特别介绍今天在座的两位杰出青年领袖，因为我认为他们是一个榜样，证明了即使在最困难的环境下，改变也是可能的。
So Angeline Jackson is here today. Where is Angeline? There she is, right there. 安杰琳·杰克逊今天也在这里。安杰琳在哪里？她在那儿，就在那边。
Several years ago, when Angeline was 19, she and a friend were kidnapped, held at gunpoint and sexually assaulted. And as a woman, and as a lesbian, justice and society were not always on her side. But instead of remaining silent, she chose to speak out and started her own organization to advocate for women like her, and get them treatment and get them justice, and push back against stereotypes, and give them some sense of their own power. 几年前，安杰琳19岁时，她和一个朋友遭到绑架、被人用枪指着并遭受性侵犯。作为一名女性，也作为一名女同性恋者，正义和社会并不总是站在她这一边。但她没有保持沉默，而是选择了发声，并创办了自己的组织，为像她一样的女性维权，帮助她们获得治疗和正义，反击刻板印象，让她们感受到自己的力量。
And she became a global activist. But more than anything, she cares about her Jamaica, and making it a place where everybody, no matter their color, or their class, or their sexual orientation, can live in equality and opportunity. That’s the power of one person, what they can do. 她成为了一名全球活动家。但最重要的是，她关心她的牙买加，希望让它成为一个每个人——无论肤色、阶级或性取向——都能享有平等和机遇的地方。这就是一个人的力量，一个人所能做到的事情。
Jerome Cowans grew up in a tough part of Kingston. Where’s Jerome? When Jerome was 12, he saw a friend gunned down. And when he looked at the shooters, he said, “I realized that wasn’t a life I wanted to live. They had expensive machinery, but they had nothing else.” So at the ripe old age of 13, he founded a youth group to help others like him stay on the right path. And he started small, with only six people, but they had one big thing in common and they believed that change was possible. 杰罗姆·考恩斯在金斯顿一个艰苦的社区长大。杰罗姆在哪里？杰罗姆12岁时，亲眼目睹一个朋友被枪杀。当他看着那些枪手时，他说："我意识到那不是我想要的生活。他们有昂贵的武器，但除此之外一无所有。"于是在13岁的年纪，他创办了一个青年团体，帮助像他这样的人走正路。他从小处着手，最初只有六个人，但他们有一个共同的信念——改变是可能的。
And like Angeline, he was threatened for his work, but he kept at it. And he said, “Things won’t get any better if no one does anything.” And today, the LEAD Youth Club he started has six chapters, including one in Colombia. His work has taken him to five continents. Last year, he became the first Jamaican to receive the Nelson Mandela Innovation Award. He’s just 25 years old. 和安杰琳一样，他也因为自己的工作受到威胁，但他坚持了下来。他说："如果没有人行动，情况不会变好。"如今，他创办的LEAD青年俱乐部已经有六个分会，其中一个还在哥伦比亚。他的工作让他走遍了五大洲。去年，他成为第一位获得纳尔逊·曼德拉创新奖的牙买加人。他才25岁。
So individuals like those two young people -- the young people here today -- you remind me of something that Bob Marley once said. You know I went to his house yesterday. I thought, I'm only five minutes from his house, I got to go check it out. And one of the displays has to do when he was shot right before a concert he was supposed to give, trying to bring the political factions in Jamaica together. And he was treated for his wounds and he went ahead with the program, went ahead with the show. And somebody asked, well, why would you do that? 像这两位年轻人一样的人——今天在座的年轻人们——让我想起了鲍勃·马利曾经说过的一句话。你们知道我昨天去了他的故居吧。我想，我离他家只有五分钟路程，我得去看看。其中一个展品讲的是，他在一场原定举办的演唱会前遭到枪击，那场演唱会旨在让牙买加的政治派系团结起来。他接受了伤口治疗，然后继续推进了活动，继续举办了演出。有人问他，你为什么要这么做？
He said, “The people who are trying to make this world worse are not taking the day off. Why should I?” Why should I? 他说："那些试图让世界变得更糟的人都没有休息。我为什么要休息？"我为什么要休息？
So none of us can afford to take the day off. And I want you to have every chance, every tool you need to make this world better. So today I’m announcing nearly $70 million in U.S. investments in education, training, and employment programs for our young people throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. And these investments will help young people in unemployed and impoverished and marginalized communities, and give them a chance to gain the skills they need to compete and succeed in the 21st century economy. 所以我们谁都不能停下脚步。我希望你们拥有一切机会、一切所需的工具，来让这个世界变得更好。因此，今天我宣布，美国将投资近7000万美元，用于拉丁美洲和加勒比地区年轻人的教育、培训和就业项目。这些投资将帮助失业、贫困和边缘化社区的年轻人，让他们有机会获得在21世纪经济中竞争和成功所需的技能。
And that’s not all. As President, some of the initiatives I’m most proud of are ones that increase my country’s engagement with the next generation of leaders like Angeline and Jerome and all of you -- leaders in government and civil society, and entrepreneurship and the private sector. Four years ago, I launched an initiative called “100,000 Strong in the Americas.” And the goal was to have 100,000 U.S. students studying in this region, and 100,000 of this region’s students studying in the United States by the end of this decade. And we are on track to meet that goal. 这还不是全部。作为总统，我最引以为豪的一些倡议，就是那些增进我国与下一代领导人接触的倡议——像安杰琳和杰罗姆以及你们所有人这样的领导人——政府、公民社会、创业和私营部门的领导人。四年前，我发起了一项名为"美洲十万人交流计划"的倡议。目标是到本十年末，让十万名美国学生在本地区学习，同时让十万名本地区学生在美国学习。我们正稳步朝着这一目标前进。
So today, to build on that progress, I’m proud to launch the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative right here in Kingston. Let me say this. This is not your traditional exchange. We’re going to seek out the most innovative young entrepreneurs and civil society leaders in the Caribbean, Latin America, and we're going to give them a chance to earn a substantial continuum of the training and the resources and the connections, the networks and the capital that you need to make a difference. 因此，今天，为了在这一进展的基础上再接再厉，我很荣幸在金斯顿这里发起"美洲青年领袖倡议"。请允许我说明一下。这不是传统的交流项目。我们将寻找加勒比和拉丁美洲最具创新精神的青年企业家和公民社会领袖，我们将为他们提供机会，获得一整套持续的培训、资源、人脉、关系网和资金——这些都是你们做出改变所需要的。
So this year, we’ll bring two dozen entrepreneurs and civil society leaders from Latin America and the Caribbean -- including young Cuban leaders -- to the United States. Then next year, we’ll increase this fellowship to 250 young leaders. And we’ll help you to expand your commercial and social ventures; we'll embed you in an American business and incubators. We’ll give U.S. participants the chance to continue their collaboration with you in your home countries. 今年，我们将把来自拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的24名企业家和公民社会领袖——包括年轻的古巴领袖——带到美国。然后明年，我们将把这个奖学金项目扩大到250名青年领袖。我们将帮助你们扩大商业和社会事业；我们将把你们安排到美国企业和孵化器中。我们也将让美国参与者有机会在你们的祖国继续与你们合作。
So the idea is that you’ll get a chance to implement your ideas but now have linkages that give you access to capital and research and all the things you need to mobilize and implement the kinds of things that you're doing. 所以这个想法是，你们将有机会实施你们的想法，同时获得各种联系，让你们获得资金、研究以及所有你们需要调动和实施你们正在做的事情的资源。
And this isn't charity for us. This is an investment in your future, because that means it's an investment in our future -- a future where climate researchers in the Amazon can collaborate with scientists in Alaska. An idea in Barbados suddenly can be developed in an incubator in Boston. Anti-gang activities in Honduras can be connected to similar activities in Houston, Texas. It’s a future where any kid from Kingston can choose a path that opens his or her horizons beyond their neighborhood to the wider world. 对我们来说这不是慈善。这是对你们未来的投资，因为那意味着它也是对我们未来的投资——在这样的未来里，亚马逊的气候研究人员可以与阿拉斯加的科学家合作。巴巴多斯的一个创意可以突然在波士顿的孵化器中得到开发。洪都拉斯的反帮派活动可以与得克萨斯州休斯顿的类似活动建立联系。在这样的未来里，任何一个来自金斯顿的孩子都可以选择一条道路，将他或她的视野从邻里扩展到更广阔的世界。
And that impulse to make the world better, to push back on those who try to make it worse, that’s something that your generation has to hold on to. And you have to remember, it’s never easy; there are no days off. But if there’s one thing that I know from my own life, it’s that with hard work and with hope, change is always within our reach. 那种让世界变得更好、反击那些试图让它变得更糟的人的冲动，是你们这一代人必须坚守的。你们必须记住，这从来都不容易；没有休息日。但如果说我从自己的人生中学到了什么，那就是，只要有努力和希望，改变就永远触手可及。
The Jamaican-American poet Claude McKay, who was a central figure of the Harlem renaissance, once wrote something along those lines: “We must strive on to gain the height although it may not be in sight.” As long as we’ve got young strivers like you -- and I hope to see you in Washington as part of this Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative -- I’m confident that a brighter future will always be in sight. 牙买加裔美国诗人克劳德·麦凯是哈莱姆文艺复兴的核心人物，他曾写过这样一句话："我们必须奋力攀登高峰，尽管它可能不在眼前。"只要有像你们这样的年轻奋斗者——而且我希望能在华盛顿见到你们，作为这个美洲青年领袖倡议的一员——我相信更光明的未来将永远在望。
So thank you very much. With that, let’s take some questions. Alright? So.... 非常感谢大家。那么，接下来我们开始提问吧。好吗？那么……
[off mic....transmission problems] （麦克风声音……传输故障）
President Obama: All right, since we’re getting to work I’m going to take my jacket off and get comfortable. All right. There...are no rules to this except that there are people with microphones in the audience, so wait for them to come when I call on you. We’re going to go boy, girl, boy, girl so everybody gets a chance, so it’s fair. 奥巴马总统：好的，既然我们要开始干活了，我还是把外套脱了舒服点。好了。规则很简单，观众里有人拿着麦克风，所以我点到你们的时候，等他们过来再问。我们会按一男一女的顺序来，这样每个人都有机会，很公平。
Before your question, please introduce yourself and tell us where you are from, okay? And try to keep your question or comment relatively short so we can get more questions or comments in, okay? We’ll start with this young lady right here in the white blouse. It’s a little tight here. 提问前请先自我介绍，告诉我们你来自哪里，好吗？尽量把问题或评论说短一点，这样我们可以多回答几个问题，好吗？先从这位穿白衬衫的年轻女士开始吧。这里有点挤。
Question: Thank you. Yani Campbell [ph], a lecturer at the University of the West Indies. Thank you so much for your talk, very interesting. And I wondered as well, on the Cuban issue, now that your policy has actually changed towards Cuba, I wondered about your views on how it is that we should approach -- CARICOM should approach its relationship with Cuba in terms of deepening that relationship. Should they now perhaps move to join in CARICOM? Thank you. 问：谢谢。我叫亚尼·坎贝尔，是西印度大学的讲师。非常感谢您的演讲，非常精彩。我还想知道，关于古巴问题，既然您对古巴的政策已经改变了，我想知道您认为我们应该如何——加勒比共同体应该如何处理与古巴的关系，深化这种关系。他们现在是否应该考虑加入加勒比共同体？谢谢。
President Obama: Well, first of all, I think CARICOM can make its own decisions and we’ll respect it. Cuba will be participating in the Summit of the Americas, and I think -- it is my strong belief that if we engage, that that offers the greatest prospect for escaping some of the constraints of the past. 奥巴马总统：首先，我认为加勒比共同体可以自己做决定，我们会尊重。古巴将参加美洲峰会，我坚信——如果我们接触，那将为摆脱过去的一些束缚提供最大的可能性。
I think the Cuban people are extraordinary and have huge potential. And what’s encouraging is, is that the overwhelming majority of Cubans are interested in ending the Cold War -- the last vestige of the Cold War -- and moving forward. It’s going to take some time for the United States to fully implement some of the things that have already been agreed to, and it’s going to take a little bit longer before you actually have complete normal relations between the United States and Cuba. 我认为古巴人民是非凡的，有着巨大的潜力。令人鼓舞的是，绝大多数古巴人都希望结束冷战——冷战的最后残余——向前迈进。美国需要一些时间来全面实施已经达成一致的一些措施，而美古之间实现完全正常化还需要更长的时间。
What I would say to Caribbean countries is, absolutely, you should continue to engage in Cuba in the ways that you’ve already doing -- you’ve already done in the past. I do think that it is important for all of us to be able to speak honestly where we see concerns about issues of human rights and political freedom. And I’m not saying anything publicly that I haven’t said directly to Raul Castro. There are still constraints on the ability of the Cuban people to express themselves, or to organize political parties, or to start a business. 我想对加勒比国家说的是，当然，你们应该继续以你们过去一直在做的方式与古巴接触。我确实认为，我们所有人都有必要在看到人权和政治自由方面的关切时能够坦诚地说出来。我公开说的这些话，没有一句是我没有直接对劳尔·卡斯特罗说过的。古巴人民表达自己的能力、组织政党的能力、创办企业的能力，仍然受到限制。
And sometimes, the same things we expect for ourselves and our country, somehow we think other people don’t want. 有时候，我们期望自己和自己国家拥有的东西，不知何故我们却认为其他人不想要。
But I believe that each country -- I believe each country has its own unique cultures, its own unique traditions. I don’t expect every country to pursue the same policies or have the same political practices as the United States. And I am certainly aware of the flaws that exist in our own country that we have to fix. But I do believe there are certain principles that are universal. 但我相信每个国家——每个国家都有其独特的文化、独特的传统。我不期望每个国家都奉行与美国相同的政策或拥有相同的政治实践。我当然也意识到我们自己国家存在需要弥补的缺陷。但我确实相信有一些原则是普世的。
I think that all people want basic dignity and want basic freedom, and want to be able to worship as they please without being discriminated against, or they should be able to speak their mind about an important issue pertaining to their community without being arrested. And so wherever we see that, we try to speak out. 我认为所有人都想要基本的尊严和基本的自由，都想要能够自由地信仰而不被歧视，或者能够就与社区相关的重要问题发表意见而不被逮捕。所以无论我们在哪里看到这种情况，我们都会努力发声。
But what we also try to do is engage and recognize that even with countries that we have differences, there’s also going to be commonality and overlap. And the United States and Cuba should both have an interest in dealing with climate change, for example, because when the oceans start lapping upon Miami or on Havana, nobody is going to distinguish, well, where do they stand on this or that ideological issue. 但我们也努力去接触，并认识到即使是与我们有分歧的国家，也会有共同点和交集。例如，美国和古巴都应该有兴趣应对气候变化，因为当海水开始漫过迈阿密或哈瓦那时，没有人会去区分，嗯，他们在这个或那个意识形态问题上持什么立场。
And so we have to find where there are areas of cooperation, but I will continue to try to be consistent in speaking out on behalf of the issues that are important to all people, not just some. 所以我们必须找到合作的领域，但我将继续努力，始终如一地为对所有人都重要的问题发声，而不仅仅是对某些人。
All right, it’s a gentleman’s turn. This gentleman right here. He looks very serious; he’s got glasses. Looking sharp. Plus, he’s got a copy of my book. So he’s clearly a wise man. 好的，轮到男士了。这位先生。他看起来很严肃；戴着眼镜。看起来很精神。而且，他还拿着我的书。所以他显然是个聪明人。
Question: Thank you very much. My name is Chef Brian Lumley -- I’m a young Jamaican chef here. And I own a restaurant -- 689 by Brian Lumley. Just saying. My question to you -- I’m going to stay a little bit off the politics for a bit. And I’ve witnessed your journey a lot, and the question is kind of two-part. If you go back and give yourself one piece of advice before the start of you 2008 term, what would it be? And the second part is if you can sign this book when you’re finished. Thank you very much. 问：非常感谢。我叫布莱恩·拉姆利大厨——我是这里的一位年轻牙买加厨师。我有一家餐厅——布莱恩·拉姆利689餐厅。随便说说。我的问题是——我打算暂时不谈政治。我见证了您的很多历程，我的问题有两部分。如果您回到2008年任期开始前，给自己一条建议，那会是什么？第二部分是，您结束后能不能在这本书上签个名。非常感谢。
President Obama: I’ll sign the book. So the question was, for those couldn’t hear: If I were to go back and give myself advice before I started in 2008, what would the advice be? 奥巴马总统：我会签名的。问题是，对于那些没听到的人：如果我回到2008年开始之前给自己建议，那会是什么建议？
I suppose I could have started dying my hair earlier -- so then people wouldn’t say, man, he’s getting old. You’re going like this -- at least I got hair, man. I’m teasing you. I’m messing with you. 我想我本可以早点开始染头发——这样人们就不会说，天哪，他变老了。你在点头——至少我还有头发，兄弟。我在逗你呢。跟你开玩笑的。
I think that -- keep in mind that when I came into office we were going through the worst global financial crisis since the 1930s, and so we had to make a series of decisions very quickly, many of which were unpopular. Overall, I think we got it right. I think we did the right thing. 我认为——请记住，我上任时我们正经历着1930年代以来最严重的全球金融危机，所以我们不得不迅速做出一系列决定，其中许多都不受欢迎。总的来说，我认为我们做对了。我认为我们做了正确的事情。
And because, I think, we took these steps, not only were we able to avoid the kind of Great Depression that we saw in the 1930s, not only was America able to bounce back and start growing more rapidly than most of our peers, drive down unemployment faster, create more jobs faster, but that also had an impact on the global economy and it had an impact on the Caribbean economy, that we were able to bounce back quicker than we might have if we hadn't taken those steps. 而且因为，我认为我们采取了这些措施，我们不仅能够避免了1930年代那样的大萧条，不仅美国能够反弹并开始比大多数发达国家更快地增长，更快地降低失业率，更快地创造就业机会，而且这也对全球经济产生了影响，对加勒比经济也产生了影响——我们能够比不采取这些措施时更快地复苏。
But it was, I think, costly politically. And what I would have probably advised was that I might have needed to warn the American people and paint a picture for them that was more accurate about the fact that it would take some time to dig ourselves out of a very big hole. Because FDR, when he came into office, the Great Depression had already been going on for two, three years, and so people understood how serious it was. With us, we came in just as people were really starting to feel the impacts. 但我认为，这在政治上付出了代价。我可能会建议自己的是，我可能需要更早地警告美国人民，更准确地向他们描绘这样一个事实：走出一个巨大的困境需要时间。因为富兰克林·罗斯福上任时，大萧条已经持续了两三年，所以人们明白情况有多严重。而我们上任时，人们才刚刚开始真正感受到影响。
And trying to paint a picture that we'll make it but it's going to take some time, and here are the steps that we need to take -- I think I would have advised myself to do a better job spending more time not just getting the policy right, but also describing it in ways that people understood, that gave them confidence in their own future. I think that would probably be the most important advice that I would have given myself. 试着描绘一幅我们会挺过去但需要时间的图景，以及我们需要采取的步骤——我想我会建议自己花更多时间，不仅是把政策做对，还要用人们能理解的方式来描述它，让他们对自己的未来有信心。我想这可能是我给自己最重要的建议。
All right, it's a young lady’s turn. That young lady right there. Yes, you. You, yes. Oh, well, I'll call on both of you. I'll call on you later. Go ahead. 好的，轮到年轻女士了。那位年轻女士。对，就是你。你，对。哦，好吧，我两个都点。我待会儿再叫你。你先问。
Question: Okay, so we're here and we’re looking at you, and we're all very honored to be here and very taken about by your leadership qualities. And seeing that you are the President of the United States of America and you’re so influential, I want to know how you handle the mental strain that comes with being in charge of so much. 问：好的，我们在这里看着您，我们都很荣幸能在这里，也非常被您的领导才能所折服。既然您是美利坚合众国的总统，而且您如此有影响力，我想知道您是如何处理承担这么多责任带来的精神压力的。
President Obama: What’s your name? 奥巴马总统：你叫什么名字？
Question: Kimberly -- from the University of the West Indies. 问：金伯利——来自西印度大学。
President Obama: Fantastic. How do I handle stress? You know, I'll be honest with you. One of the things that happens as you get older is you start appreciating both your strengths and your weaknesses. Hopefully you gain a little wisdom about what you're good at and what you're not. And Michelle can give you a long list of things I'm not good at. But one thing that I've always had, which has served me well, is a pretty good temperament. And I attribute that partly from growing up on an island with trade winds and beaches, and it makes you calm. 奥巴马总统：好问题。我如何处理压力？你知道，我跟你说实话。随着年龄增长，你会开始欣赏自己的优点和缺点。希望你能对自己擅长什么、不擅长什么多一点智慧。米歇尔可以给你列出一长串我不擅长的事情。但我一直有一个特质，对我帮助很大，那就是我性情相当平和。我把这部分归功于在岛上长大，有信风和海滩，这让你很平静。
But I try not to get too high when things are going well so that I don't get too low when things are going badly, and try to keep a long view of how the process of social change takes place, and how the trajectory of your own life is going to proceed. 我尽量不在事情顺利的时候太得意，这样在事情不顺利的时候也不会太失落，并且尽量以长远的眼光看待社会变革的进程，以及你自己的人生轨迹将如何发展。
We get caught up in the day-to-day so much, and it’s interesting now when I’m talking to my daughters and “somebody said something at school,” or there’s -- “well, I didn’t do quite as well on that test as I wanted.” And you want them to take it seriously, but you also want to say to them, you know what, this, too, shall pass; I promise you three months from now, much less 30 years from now, you will not remember. 我们太容易陷入日常琐事中了，现在当我和女儿们聊天时就会觉得很有意思，"学校里有人说了什么"，或者——"嗯，那次考试我考得没有我想的那么好。"你希望她们认真对待，但你也想对她们说，你知道吗，这也会过去的；我向你保证三个月后，更别说三十年后，你根本不会记得。
And so I think that trying to keep your eye on the prize of where it is that you want to go and not be discouraged or overly impressed with yourself on a day-to-day basis I think is very important. And then you have to get some exercise in the morning. I don’t run as fast as these folks, but I get a little exercise, which does help in terms of stress relief. 所以我认为，专注于你想要达到的目标，不要在日常中气馁，也不要在日常中太把自己当回事，这是非常重要的。然后你得早上做点运动。我跑得没这些人快，但我会做点运动，这确实有助于缓解压力。
All right. It’s a gentleman’s turn. Let’s see, somebody from this side. This young man right here in the sharp-looking checkered shirt. 好的。轮到男士了。我看看，这边的人。这位穿格子衬衫、看起来很精神的年轻人。
Question: Good afternoon again, Mr. President. Especially as it relates to human rights and social change -- I’m Jomain McKenzie and I’m a focal point with the Global Fund Board. As it relates to human rights and social change, how do you make the decision to allow societies to go through the natural evolutionary process of having change occur on their own versus having governments exert policies to make these same political social changes? 问：总统先生，下午好。特别是关于人权和社会变革的问题——我叫乔曼·麦肯齐，是全球基金董事会的协调员。关于人权和社会变革，您如何决定是让社会经历自然的演变过程，还是由政府施加政策来推动同样的政治社会变革？
President Obama: That’s a really interesting question. It’s an interesting question and it’s one that I have to struggle with all the time. 奥巴马总统：这是一个非常有趣的问题。这是个有趣的问题，也是我一直要努力应对的问题。
Every society, as I said, is at a different phase in development, in their own history; they have different cultural traditions. And so the way I think about it is, is that the United States has certain core values and principles that we believe deeply in. And we don’t necessarily expect that every country will formulate how to secure those ideals and those principles. We don’t expect it to be done exactly as we do any more than we expect every -- obviously, our democracy is not the same as a Jamaican democracy or a British democracy or Australian democracy. But we believe in democracy. 正如我所说，每个社会都处于不同的发展阶段，有自己的历史；它们有不同的文化传统。所以我对此的看法是，美国有某些我们深信不疑的核心价值观和原则。我们不一定期望每个国家都会以同样的方式来实现这些理想和原则。我们不期望它完全按照我们的方式来做，就像我们不期望每个——显然，我们的民主不同于牙买加的民主、英国的民主或澳大利亚的民主。但我们信仰民主。
We think that if people have the ability to speak out about their own lives, some sense of agency, then that society will be stronger. And that doesn’t mean that we won’t work with a country that doesn’t precisely abide by those principles, but we will still speak out. 我们认为，如果人们有能力对自己的生活发表意见，有某种自主性，那么那个社会就会更强大。这并不意味着我们不会与一个不完全遵守这些原则的国家合作，但我们仍然会发声。
There are times where a country is clearly engaging in activities that are so egregious that it’s not culturally specific; it typically has to do with a government wanting to exert control over people and oppress them. And in those instances, I think it is entirely appropriate for us to speak out forcibly and, in some cases, to not do business with them. 有些时候，一个国家显然在从事如此恶劣的行为，以至于它不是文化差异的问题；它通常与一个政府想要控制人民、压迫人民有关。在这些情况下，我认为我们完全有理由有力地发声，在某些情况下，不与他们做生意。
Look at a country like North Korea. I mean, obviously, Korean culture is different than American culture. On the other hand, you look at what’s happening in South Korea and you look at what’s happening in North Korea and those are two entirely different societies. And I can tell you which one you’d rather live in. 看看朝鲜这样的国家。我的意思是，显然，韩国文化不同于美国文化。但另一方面，你看看韩国正在发生什么，再看看朝鲜正在发生什么，那是两个完全不同的社会。而且我可以告诉你你更愿意住在哪一个。
And if you have a situation in which people are being murdered simply because they didn’t agree with the government on something or didn’t want their economic fate to be entirely determined by the whims of some government bureaucrat, and suddenly they’re sent to a labor camp -- that’s something where we as an international community have to speak out on. 如果出现这样一种情况，人们仅仅因为不同意政府的某些意见，或者不想让自己的经济命运完全由某个政府官僚的心血来潮来决定，就被杀害，然后突然被送进劳改营——这种情况我们国际社会必须发声。
And then there are some issues that may be culturally specific, but you know what, I think they’re wrong. I won’t -- we’re not going to try to force that country to change, but I may try to shame that country. There are nations where slavery still exists. And that may be part of the ancient culture in that society, but slavery is wrong. And I’m not going to give them the excuse that, well, this is who we are. 还有一些问题可能是文化特有的，但你知道吗，我认为它们是错误的。我不会——我们不会试图强迫那个国家改变，但我可能会试图让那个国家感到羞愧。有些国家仍然存在奴隶制。那可能是那个社会古老文化的一部分，但奴隶制是错误的。我不会给他们借口说，嗯，这就是我们。
In Africa -- and I can speak I think fairly as somebody who is the son of an African father -- there are practices like female genital mutilation that may be part of the tradition there, but it’s wrong. And I’m going to say so. And it will be U.S. policy to say that it’s wrong. 在非洲——我想我可以公平地说，作为一个非洲父亲的儿子——有些做法，比如女性生殖器切割，可能是那里传统的一部分，但那是错误的。我会这么说。而且美国的政策也会说那是错误的。
So the tools we use to try to bring about change around the world may vary. And as I said earlier, we’re not always perfectly consistent. There are times where we’ve got allies who are not observing all the human rights we would like, and there are times where there are countries that are adversaries of ours where they do some things quite well. And you can’t expect us, or any country, to be perfectly consistent in every circumstance. 所以我们用来试图在世界各地带来变革的工具可能会有所不同。正如我之前所说，我们并不总是完全一致的。有些时候，我们的盟友并没有遵守我们希望的所有人权标准，也有些时候，我们的对手在某些事情上做得相当好。你不能指望我们，或任何国家，在每种情况下都完全一致。
But what I’ve tried to do is be fairly consistent in terms of what we believe, what we stand for, and then we use different tools depending on what we think will bring about the most change. In some cases, it will just be a diplomatic statement; in some cases, it may be serious enough that we will organize -- try to organize the United Nations or other multilateral forums to speak out against certain practices. In some cases, it may be so egregious that we need to sanction them, and we will try to organize the international community in that way. 但我一直在努力做到的是，在我们的信仰、我们的立场方面保持相当一致，然后根据我们认为什么能带来最大改变来使用不同的工具。在某些情况下，可能只是一份外交声明；在某些情况下，问题可能严重到我们会组织——试图组织联合国或其他多边论坛来谴责某些做法。在某些情况下，问题可能恶劣到我们需要制裁他们，我们会尝试以这种方式组织国际社会。
And then finally, in the ultimate circumstance, where the violations of our values are so severe that they start spilling over and -- in the instance of, for example, genocide -- we may be say to ourselves, in concert with the international community, we need to intervene because this government is so brutal and so unacceptable that we need to protect people. But we do that in the context of an international conversation so that we’re not simply making these decisions -- or we’re not so arrogant that we’re not paying attention to what the rest of the world community is saying. 最后，在最极端的情况下，当对我们价值观的侵犯如此严重，以至于开始蔓延——例如，在种族灭绝的情况下——我们可能会告诉自己，在与国际社会协调的情况下，我们需要进行干预，因为这个政府太残暴、太不可接受，我们需要保护人民。但我们是在国际对话的背景下这样做的，这样我们就不会简单地做出这些决定——或者我们不会傲慢到不理会国际社会其他成员的意见。
This young lady who I originally had called on and got skipped over. No, no, this one right here. Yes. Right here. I’m sorry, I love you, too, though. 这位我之前点到但被跳过的年轻女士。不，不，就是这位。对。就在这里。对不起，我也爱你。
Question: Good afternoon, Mr. President. My name is Katrina King-Smith. I’m from the Turks and Caicos Islands. My question is two-part, as well. Firstly, in countries such as the Turks and Caicos Islands where the population is small and our main sources of revenue are tourism and foreign direct investment, I was wondering if you can suggest two ways that the government may better generate and regulate sustainable revenue, especially with regulations currently being put in place to close off-shore financial centers. 问：总统先生，下午好。我叫卡特里娜·金-史密斯，来自特克斯和凯科斯群岛。我的问题也有两部分。首先，在像特克斯和凯科斯群岛这样人口少、主要收入来源是旅游业和外国直接投资的国家，我想知道您能否建议两种方法，让政府更好地创造和管理可持续收入，特别是在目前正在出台关闭离岸金融中心的监管规定的情况下。
And secondly, I was wondering if after your term has ended, would you mind coming to the Turks and Caicos to vacation? 其次，我想知道在您任期结束后，您介意来特克斯和凯科斯度假吗？
President Obama: On the second question, absolutely. I’ll do some island-hopping once I’m out of office. And you guys can show me all the good places to go. 奥巴马总统：关于第二个问题，当然。等我卸任后，我会来个环岛游。你们可以带我去所有好玩的地方。
On this issue of off-shore financial centers, we respect each country to set up its own financial regulations. And we recognize that for small countries, that providing services -- including financial services -- may be an important source of revenue. 关于离岸金融中心的问题，我们尊重每个国家制定自己的金融法规。我们认识到，对于小国来说，提供服务——包括金融服务——可能是重要的收入来源。
The one thing that we have to make sure of is that these financial centers are not either used for illicit money laundering or tax avoidance by large U.S. corporations that set up cut-outs or front organizations, but as a practical matter are operating in the United States, employing folks in the United States, essentially headquartered in the United States and yet, somehow, their mailing address is such-and-such island where they have to pay no taxes. 我们必须确保的一件事是，这些金融中心不被用于非法洗钱，也不被美国大公司用来避税——这些公司设立空壳公司或幌子组织，但实际上是在美国运营，在美国雇人，本质上总部设在美国，然而不知何故，他们的邮寄地址在某个岛上，在那里他们不用交税。
Those are the kinds of egregious concerns that we’re trying to deal with. I think we try to take it on a case-by-case basis. And in my CARICOM meeting that I just had, this issue was brought up. There were a number of leaders who expressed concern that maybe they were being unfairly labeled as areas of high financial risk. And what I committed to them is we will examine their complaints and go through in very concrete ways where our concerns are and how our governments can work together. 这些就是我们试图应对的严重关切。我认为我们会逐案处理。在我刚刚参加的加勒比共同体会议上，这个问题也被提出来了。有一些领导人表示担忧，认为他们可能被不公平地贴上了高金融风险地区的标签。我向他们承诺，我们将研究他们的诉求，并非常具体地说明我们的关切在哪里，以及我们两国政府如何合作。
More broadly, I think that the -- if you look at some of the most successful countries in the world, they’re actually pretty small countries -- like Singapore, for example -- that on paper look like they have no assets, and yet, if you go to Singapore, it has one of the highest standards of living in the world. What is it that Singapore did that might be replicable? 更广泛地说，我认为——如果你看看世界上一些最成功的国家，它们其实都是相当小的国家——比如新加坡——从纸面上看它们好像没有什么资产，然而，如果你去新加坡，它拥有世界上最高的生活水平之一。新加坡做了什么是可以复制的呢？
Well, one of the most important things they did was they made an enormous investment in their people. And if you’ve got a highly skilled, highly educated workforce, if you’ve set up rules of law and governance that are transparent and non-corrupt, then you can attract actually a lot of service industries to supplement the tourist industry, because people would want to locate in your country. You could envision people wanting to operate and have offices there where you’ve got a trained workforce. 嗯，他们做的最重要的事情之一就是对人民进行了巨大的投资。如果你有一支高技能、高教育水平的劳动力队伍，如果你建立了透明、廉洁的法治和治理体系，那么你实际上可以吸引大量的服务业来补充旅游业，因为人们会想要在你的国家落户。你可以想象人们想要在那里经营和设立办事处，只要你有训练有素的劳动力。
And these days, so many businesses are operating over the Internet that if you’ve got a really skilled workforce that provides value added, you will attract companies and you’ll attract businesses. 如今，这么多企业都在互联网上运营，所以如果你有一支真正技能熟练、能提供增值服务的劳动力队伍，你就会吸引公司，吸引企业。
What deters people from investing in most countries is conflict, corruption, and a lack of skills or infrastructure. And those countries that are able to address those problems have rule of law and eliminate corruption. Make sure that you are investing in the education of your people and it’s a continuous education; it doesn’t just stop at the lower grades, but you give people constant opportunities to upgrade their skills. You have a decent infrastructure -- you’re going to be able to succeed. That’s the recipe, the formula for a 21st-century economy. 阻碍人们在大多数国家投资的因素是冲突、腐败，以及缺乏技能或基础设施。那些能够解决这些问题的国家，拥有法治、消除腐败。确保你在投资人民的教育，而且是持续教育；它不只是在低年级就停止，而是给人们不断提升技能的机会。你有良好的基础设施——你就能够成功。这就是21世纪经济的秘诀和公式。
All right. Uh oh, they’re starting to holler at me. Let’s see, I haven’t gone back here in a while. This gentleman in the blue shirt right here. 好的。哎哟，他们开始对我大喊大叫了。我看看，我好久没叫这边的人了。这位穿蓝衬衫的先生。
Question: Thanks so much, Mr. President. We know that there’s been an increasing military assertiveness of China, especially in the South China Sea. And it seems that the U.S. has responded to that by pledging to increase its military presence because it recognizes the danger that that military increase of China poses to its friends and allies there. Now, China’s growing power isn’t just military, it’s economic. On this side of the world, China has used this soft power, this economic power especially to woo Caribbean governments. 问：非常感谢，总统先生。我们知道中国在军事上越来越自信，尤其是在南海。美国似乎对此做出了回应，承诺增加军事存在，因为美国认识到中国军力增长对其在那里的朋友和盟友构成的危险。现在，中国日益增长的力量不仅仅是军事上的，也是经济上的。在世界的这一边，中国利用其软实力，特别是经济实力来拉拢加勒比国家政府。
My questions are, how does the U.S. view China’s influence in its own backyard, especially since you’ve just talked about the Cold War and alliances? And secondly, what plan does the U.S. have, if any, to contribute more to economic life in the Caribbean to ward off China in terms of foreign direct investment? Thank you very much, Mr. President. 我的问题是，美国如何看待中国在其后院的影响力，特别是既然您刚才谈到了冷战和联盟？其次，美国有什么计划（如果有的话），来更多地促进加勒比的经济发展，以抵御中国的直接投资？非常感谢您，总统先生。
President Obama: What’s your name? 奥巴马总统：你叫什么名字？
Question: Oh, sorry. My name is Newton Harris from the University of Technology-Jamaica. 问：哦，对不起。我叫牛顿·哈里斯，来自牙买加科技大学。
President Obama: Fantastic. Well, first of all, let me say that it is U.S. official policy and it is my strong belief that we should welcome China’s peaceful rise. What China has done in the last 20, 30 years is remarkable. More people have been lifted out of poverty in a shorter period of time than perhaps any time in human history. And that’s good for the world. 奥巴马总统：好问题。首先，让我说，美国的官方政策和我本人的坚定信念是，我们应该欢迎中国的和平崛起。中国在过去二三十年里所做的事情是非凡的。在如此短的时间内有这么多人摆脱贫困，这在人类历史上可能是前所未有的。这对世界有好处。
I mean, we should be more fearful of a poorer, collapsing China than a China that is participating in the world marketplace and trading and is getting along with its neighbors and part of the international order, because there are a really large number of Chinese people and we want them to be doing well. 我的意思是，我们更应该害怕的是一个更贫穷、崩溃的中国，而不是一个参与世界市场、进行贸易、与邻国和睦相处、成为国际秩序一部分的中国，因为中国人口众多，我们希望他们过得好。
So our policy is not to fear China’s peaceful rise. Where we get concerned with China is where it is not necessarily abiding by international norms and rules, and is using its size and muscle to force countries into subordinate positions. And that's the concern we have around maritime issues. We think this can be solved diplomatically, but just because the Philippines or Vietnam are not as large as China doesn’t mean that they can just be elbowed aside. 所以我们的政策不是害怕中国的和平崛起。我们对中国感到担忧的是，它不一定遵守国际规范和规则，而是利用其体量和实力迫使其他国家处于从属地位。这就是我们在海洋问题上的关切。我们认为这可以通过外交手段解决，但不能因为菲律宾或越南没有中国那么大，就可以把它们挤到一边。
And, by the way, we don't have a particular view on the territorial disputes, the maritime disputes. Our attitude is simply, let’s use the mechanisms that we have in place internationally to resolve them. 顺便说一句，我们对领土争端、海洋争端没有特定的立场。我们的态度很简单，让我们利用现有的国际机制来解决它们。
Now, with respect to Chinese investment in the Caribbean or in the Americas, in the Western Hemisphere, my response is the same one that I gave when I was asked this question in Africa, which is, if China is making investments that are building up infrastructure, or improving education, or helping the people, then we welcome that. We think that's great. The only thing is you got to make sure you look at what strings may be attached. 现在，关于中国在加勒比或美洲、西半球的投资，我的回答和我在非洲被问到这个问题时的回答是一样的，那就是，如果中国的投资是用于建设基础设施，或改善教育，或帮助人民，那么我们欢迎。我们认为那很好。唯一的问题是你必须要看看可能附带了什么条件。
If the investments are made and it's solely to build a road to a mine to extract raw materials that are going to then be immediately going to a port and shipped to China, and if Chinese workers are shipped in to build the road -- and if you don't know exactly what the deal was with the government that led to China getting the contract -- in those situations, it may not be, in fact, serving the long-term interests of the country. 如果投资只是为了修一条通往矿场的路，开采原材料，然后这些原材料立即被运往港口装船运到中国，如果中国工人被运过来修路——如果你不知道政府和中国达成了什么协议才让中国拿到合同——在这些情况下，这实际上可能不符合该国的长期利益。
Now, I would say -- by the way, I'd say the same thing about the United States. So if we come in with an aid package to your country, and we say we got this great deal, we're going to give you $100 million for such and such, but if when you evaluate the actual benefits, it's U.S. 我要说的是——顺便说一句，我对美国也会说同样的话。所以如果我们带着一揽子援助计划来到你们国家，说我们有个好协议，我们会给你们1亿美元做这做那，但当你评估实际收益时，却是美国
companies that are disproportionately benefitting from it, and it's creating a situation where over the long term the United States is making a whole lot of profits but is not leaving behind a sustainable industrial base or ways in which that country can develop, then you have to evaluate that and try to get a better deal. 公司不成比例地从中受益，而且造成了这样一种局面：从长远来看，美国赚了很多钱，却没有留下可持续的工业基础或让该国能够发展的方式——那么你必须对此进行评估，并努力争取更好的交易。
So what I'm saying is not unique to China. I think that's how all countries should be operating. Your government should be transparent; it should be clear about what you're getting. There should be an accounting of how the money flows. There should be a sense that over the long term, Jamaican businesses or somebody from Belize is getting a job, or -- right? I mean, there should be some sense of how is this benefitting us over the long term. And that's I think the only criteria that we're going to lay out. 所以我所说的并非中国独有。我认为这是所有国家都应该有的运作方式。你们的政府应该透明；应该清楚你们得到了什么。应该有资金流向的账目。应该有一种感觉，从长远来看，牙买加企业或伯利兹的某个人得到了工作，或者——对吧？我的意思是，应该有某种这对我们长远来说有什么好处的考量。我认为这就是我们要提出的唯一标准。
Now, last thing I'll say -- because you asked -- you kind of posed, is there like a bidding war going on here for affections. The Chinese are giving us flowers and chocolates -- what are you doing for us lately? And so what I would say is this. The United States, I think historically, has been an enormous provider of development aid. Not always, by the way, has it followed the rule I just laid out in terms of whether or not the local recipients are benefitting, but I think we've gotten a lot better at that. 我最后要说的一点是——因为你问了——你有点在问，是不是这里在进行一场争夺好感的竞价战。中国人给我们送花和巧克力——那你最近为我们做了什么？所以我想说的是。美国，我认为从历史上看，一直是发展援助的巨大提供者。顺便说一句，它并不总是遵循我刚才提出的规则，即当地受援国是否受益，但我认为我们在这方面已经做得好多了。
And if you look at institutions like the World Bank or other multilateral institutions, we remain the largest contributors by far. So sometimes when you get money from a multilateral institution -- you look at who’s doing what; if you look at what happens in terms of when Haiti gets decimated, who’s raising the money -- we tend to look pretty good. It turns out we're doing more than our fair share. And we will continue to do that. 如果你看看世界银行或其他多边机构，我们仍然是迄今为止最大的捐助国。所以有时候当你从多边机构拿到钱时——看看谁在做什么；看看当海地遭受重创时，是谁在筹钱——我们往往表现得相当好。事实证明我们做的比我们应尽的份额还多。我们将继续这样做。
We do have some fiscal constraints. And sometimes, I think -- when I travel to the Americas, to the region, people ask, why don't we have sort of the kinds of Alliance for Progress programs with huge sums of money. Well, part of it is, is that right after World War II, the United States was so large relative to the rest of the world. Japan was decimated; Europe was decimated. Huge chunks of the world were behind the Iron Curtain. And so it was natural that we gave fivefold or tenfold more than anybody else could do. Well, things have evened out, in case you haven't noticed. 我们确实有一些财政限制。而且有时候，我认为——当我访问美洲、访问该地区时，人们会问，为什么我们没有那种投入巨额资金的进步联盟计划。嗯，部分原因是，二战结束后，美国相对于世界其他国家太强大了。日本被摧毁了；欧洲被摧毁了。世界上很大一部分都在铁幕之后。所以我们自然而然地比其他任何国家多付出五倍或十倍的援助。嗯，情况已经变得均衡了，你可能没注意到。
We're still, by far, the most powerful nation on Earth and we still do more than everybody else, but we do expect others to step up and do their fair share. But I can guarantee you this: We will always do our fair share. And nowhere is that truer than in the Caribbean and in the Americas, because you are our neighbors and some of our closest friends. 我们仍然是地球上最强大的国家，我们仍然比其他所有人都做得更多，但我们确实期望其他国家也站出来，尽他们应尽的责任。但我可以向你保证：我们将永远尽我们应尽的责任。在加勒比和美洲，这一点再真实不过了，因为你们是我们的邻居，也是我们最亲密的朋友。
Let’s see. It's a young lady’s turn. This young lady right here. Right here. 我看看。轮到年轻女士了。这位年轻女士。就在这里。
Question: Welcome, Mr. President. I lived a block away from you in Chicago when I went to the University of Chicago. 问：欢迎您，总统先生。我在芝加哥上学的时候，住的地方离您只有一个街区，当时我在芝加哥大学。
President Obama: Is that right? 奥巴马总统：是吗？
Question: And my college sweetheart, Sam Kass, was your private chef until very recently. 问：我大学时的恋人山姆·卡斯，直到最近还是您的私人厨师。
President Obama: Oh, wow! Well, you're just putting Sam’s business all out there. All right. What’s your name? 奥巴马总统：哦，哇！好吧，你把山姆的私事都抖出来了。好的。你叫什么名字？
Question: Lisandra Rickards. I work for the Branson Centre of Entrepreneurship. 问：莉桑德拉·里卡兹。我在布兰森创业中心工作。
President Obama: Cassandra? 奥巴马总统：卡桑德拉？
Question: Lisandra. 问：莉桑德拉。
President Obama: Lisandra. All right. Well, I'll tease Sam about this one. 奥巴马总统：莉桑德拉。好的。我可要拿这事取笑山姆了。
Question: Please do. 问：请便。
President Obama: Everybody knows about you now. Go ahead. 奥巴马总统：现在大家都知道你的事了。问吧。
Question: My question is around immigration. We've heard a lot about your immigration policy for undocumented immigrants who are currently living in the U.S. But what about hopeful families that are seeking a legal pathway for immigration into the U.S. but are finding seven- to ten-year delays before they even can get to apply? I'd love to hear you talk some more about your policy regarding shortening that timeline and making it less onerous on the applicants. 问：我的问题是关于移民的。我们听了很多关于您对目前居住在美国的无证移民的政策。但那些希望通过合法途径移民美国、却发现要等七到十年才能申请的家庭怎么办呢？我很想听听您更多地谈谈您关于缩短这一时间表、减轻申请人负担的政策。
President Obama: Good. That's a great question. That's a great question. The United States is a nation of immigrants. And this region has contributed to the remarkable progress that the United States has made over the last two centuries. And my goal during the course of my presidency has been to make sure we continue to be a nation of immigrants as well as a nation of laws, and that we're attracting talent from all around the world. 奥巴马总统：好的。这是个很好的问题。这真是个好问题。美国是一个移民国家。本地区为美国过去两个世纪取得的非凡进步做出了贡献。我在总统任期内的目标一直是确保我们继续既是一个移民国家，也是一个法治国家，并且我们在吸引来自世界各地的人才。
Part of what makes us special is you walk in Brooklyn and there are folks from everywhere. But they’re all striving, they’re all talented, they’re all trying to make their dreams come true. And that is what gives us the energy and the strength to be able to accomplish everything we've accomplished. 让我们与众不同的部分原因是，你走在布鲁克林的大街上，到处都是来自各个地方的人。但他们都在奋斗，都很有才华，都在努力实现自己的梦想。这就是赋予我们能量和力量，让我们能够实现所取得的一切成就的原因。
So we need to fix what is, right now, a broken immigration system. Part of it is dealing with those who are undocumented but who have been living there a long time, are part of the community, providing them with a pathway in which they have to earn a legal status, but recognizing that they’re there and we're not going to be separating out families. That's not who we are. That's not true to our values. And ultimately, it's not good for our economy. 所以我们需要修复目前这个支离破碎的移民体系。部分工作是处理那些无证但已经在那里生活了很长时间、成为社区一部分的人，为他们提供一条获得合法身份的途径，他们必须靠自己努力争取，但同时也承认他们就在这里，我们不会让家庭分离。那不是我们的作风。那不符合我们的价值观。而且最终，这对我们的经济也不利。
But you are absolutely right that part of the reason that some people take the illegal route is because we make the legal route so difficult. And so we're trying to identify ways to streamline that process. 但你说得完全正确，有些人走非法路线的部分原因是我们让合法路线变得太难了。所以我们正在想办法简化这个程序。
Now, I have to be honest. A lot of people want to come to America. So unless we just had no borders, there’s always going to be a wait. There’s always going to be background checks. There’s always going to be some prioritization in terms of who’s admitted and who’s not. But I do think that there are practices we have -- for example, where someone has a relation in the United States, is clearly qualified to become at some point a legal resident and maybe in the future a citizen, but in order to do it they have to first leave the country, wait, and now they’re separated from their families. 现在，我必须坦诚。很多人想要来美国。所以除非我们完全没有边界，否则等待总是会有的。总是会有背景调查。总是会有某种优先级，决定谁可以入境，谁不可以。但我确实认为我们有一些做法——例如，有人在美国有亲属，显然有资格在某个时候成为合法居民，甚至未来成为公民，但为了做到这一点，他们必须先离开美国，等待，然后他们就与家人分离了。
I mean, there have to be ways in which we can make the system clearer and less burdensome. 我的意思是，肯定有办法让这个系统更清晰、更少负担。
Some of those changes we wanted to make were in the legislation that was proposed and passed the United States Senate. I think there is still the opportunity to get that done before my presidency is over, but it does require the Republican Party I think to engage with me in a more serious effort, and to put aside the politics. 其中一些我们想要做出的改变已经包含在已经提出并在美国参议院通过的立法中。我认为在我总统任期结束前仍有机会完成这件事，但这确实需要共和党与我进行更认真的合作，放下政治分歧。
Thank you very much for the question. All right, this side has been neglected right here. I'm going to go with this guy with the beard, man, because he looks a little bit like -- he looks a little bit like Marshawn Lynch . 非常感谢你的问题。好的，这边被忽略了。我点这个有胡子的家伙吧，因为他看起来有点像——他有点像马肖恩·林奇。
Question: Greetings, Mr. President. 问：您好，总统先生。
President Obama: How are you? 奥巴马总统：你好吗？
Question: More life and blessings on you and your family. 问：祝您和家人一切顺利，福泽绵长。
President Obama: What’s your name? 奥巴马总统：你叫什么名字？
Question: My name is Miguel Williams, but you can call -- I am Steppa. 问：我叫米格尔·威廉姆斯，但你可以叫——我叫Steppa。
President Obama: Steppa. 奥巴马总统：Steppa。
Question: Ya mon, that is quite sufficient. My question has to do and surrounds U.S. policy as it regards the -- the legalization, the decriminalization of marijuana. 问：没错，这就够了。我的问题与美国政策有关——关于大麻的合法化、非刑事化。
President Obama: How did I anticipate this question? 奥巴马总统：我怎么猜到会有这个问题的？
Question: Ya mon...Ya mon...Ya mon. 问：没错……没错……没错。
President Obama: How did I guess this question? 奥巴马总统：我怎么猜到这个问题的？
Question: Yes. And, Mr. President, it really comes on the foreground of -- we face economic challenges with the IMF, et cetera. And and we find realistically that the hemp industry, the marijuana industry provides a highly feasible alternative to rise above poverty. So I am wanting to over stand and to understand how U.S. is envisioning and how you would you see Jamaica pushing forward on a decriminalization, legalization emphasis on the hemp industry. 问：是的。总统先生，这个问题的背景是——我们面临着国际货币基金组织等带来的经济挑战。而且我们实际发现，大麻工业、大麻产业为摆脱贫困提供了一个非常可行的替代方案。所以我想理解并了解美国是如何设想的，以及您如何看待牙买加在非刑事化、合法化方面向前推进，重点发展大麻产业。
President Obama: Okay. Well. Let me -- I do want to separate out what are serious issues in the United States and then how that relates to our foreign policy and our interactions with the region. There is the issue of legalization of marijuana, and then there is the issue of decriminalizing or dealing with the incarceration and, in some cases, devastation of communities as a consequence of nonviolent drug offenses. 奥巴马总统：好的。嗯。让我——我确实想区分美国国内的严肃问题，以及这与我们的外交政策和我们与本地区互动的关系。一个是大麻合法化的问题，另一个是非刑事化或处理因非暴力毒品犯罪而导致的监禁，以及在某些情况下社区遭受的破坏。
I am a very strong believer that the path that we have taken in the United States in the so-called “War on Drugs” has been so heavy in emphasizing incarceration that it has been counterproductive. You have young people who did not engage in violence who get very long penalties, get placed in prison, and then are rendered economically unemployable, are almost pushed into, then, the underground economy, learn crime more effectively in prison, families are devastated. 我非常坚信，我们在美国所谓的"禁毒战争"中所走的道路，过于强调监禁，结果适得其反。有些年轻人没有参与暴力，却被判了很长的刑期，被投入监狱，然后在经济上变得无法就业，几乎是被逼入地下经济，在监狱里更有效地学会了犯罪，家庭也被摧毁了。
So it’s been very unproductive. And what we’re trying to do is to reform our criminal justice system. And the good news is there has actually been some interest on the part of unlikely allies like the evangelical community or some otherwise very conservative Republicans, because it’s very expensive to incarcerate people, and a recognition that this may not be the best approach. So that’s one issue. 所以这一直非常没有成效。我们正在努力改革我们的刑事司法系统。好消息是，一些意想不到的盟友，比如福音派社区或一些原本非常保守的共和党人，也对此产生了兴趣，因为监禁人非常昂贵，而且人们认识到这可能不是最好的方法。所以这是一个问题。
There’s then the second issue of legalizing marijuana, whether it’s medical marijuana or recreational use. There are two states in the United States that have embarked on an experiment to decriminalize or legalize marijuana -- Colorado and Washington State. And we will see how that experiment works its way through the process. 然后第二个问题是大麻合法化，无论是医用大麻还是娱乐性使用。美国有两个州已经开始了非刑事化或大麻合法化的实验——科罗拉多州和华盛顿州。我们将看看这个实验会如何发展。
Right now, that is not federal policy, and I do not foresee anytime soon Congress changing the law at a national basis. But I do think that if there are states that show that they are not suddenly a magnet for additional crime, that they have a strong enough public health infrastructure to push against the potential of increased addiction, then it’s conceivable that that will spur on a national debate. But that is going to be some time off. 目前，这不是联邦政策，而且我预见国会短期内不会在全国范围内修改法律。但我确实认为，如果有州表明它们没有突然成为更多犯罪的磁石，它们有足够强大的公共卫生基础设施来应对成瘾增加的可能性，那么可以想象这将引发一场全国性的辩论。但那是以后的事情了。
And then the third issue is what will U.S. international policy be. And we had some discussion with the CARICOM countries about this. I know on paper a lot of folks think, you know what, if we just legalize marijuana, then it’ll reduce the money flowing into the transnational drug trade, there are more revenues and jobs created. 第三个问题是美国的国际政策将是什么。我们与加勒比共同体国家讨论过这个问题。我知道纸面上很多人认为，你知道吗，如果我们把大麻合法化，那么就会减少流入跨国毒品贸易的资金，还会创造更多的收入和就业机会。
I have to tell you that it’s not a silver bullet, because, first of all, if you are legalizing marijuana, then how do you deal with other drugs, and where do you draw the line? Second of all, as is true in the global economy generally, if you have a bunch of small medium-sized marijuana businesses scattered across the Caribbean and this is suddenly legal, if you think that big multi-national companies are not going to suddenly come in and market and try to control and profit from the trade -- that’s I think a very real scenario. 我必须告诉你，这不是灵丹妙药，因为首先，如果你把大麻合法化了，那么你如何处理其他毒品，你在哪里划清界限？其次，就像全球经济普遍存在的情况一样，如果你有一堆分散在加勒比地区的中小型大麻企业，而这突然合法化了，如果你认为大型跨国公司不会突然进来，进入市场并试图控制和从贸易中获利——我认为这是一个非常现实的情况。
And so I think we have to have a conversation about this, but our current policy continues to be that in the United States, we need to decrease demand. We need to focus on a public health approach to decreasing demand. We have to stop the flow of guns and cash into the Caribbean and Central America and Latin America. And at the same time, I think the Caribbean, Latin America have to -- Central America -- have to cooperate with us to try to shrink the power of the transnational drug organizations that are vicious and hugely destructive. 所以我认为我们必须就此进行对话，但我们目前的政策仍然是，在美国，我们需要减少需求。我们需要专注于以公共卫生的方式来减少需求。我们必须阻止枪支和现金流入加勒比、中美洲和拉丁美洲。与此同时，我认为加勒比、拉丁美洲必须——中美洲——必须与我们合作，努力削弱那些恶毒且极具破坏性的跨国毒品组织的势力。
And if we combine a public health perspective, a focus on not simply throwing every low-level person with possession into prison by trying to get them treatment, if we combine that with economic development and alternative opportunities for youth, then I think we can strike the right balance. It may not comport with your -- completely with your vision for the future, but I think that we could certainly have a smarter approach to it than we currently do. 如果我们结合公共卫生的视角，不只是把每个持有毒品的小人物都扔进监狱，而是努力让他们接受治疗，如果我们再加上经济发展和为年轻人提供替代机会，那么我认为我们可以找到适当的平衡点。这可能不完全符合你——你对未来的愿景，但我认为我们肯定可以有一个比目前更明智的方法。
Got time for one more question. One more question. Let’s see -- this is always hard. It’s always hard to be that last -- it’s a lady’s turn, so all the guys just have to put down their hands. It’s too late for you. Let’s see. You know what, I’m just going to go with this young lady right here. She’s just right in front. Go ahead, yes, you. Hold on a second, wait for the mic. 还有时间回答最后一个问题。最后一个问题。我看看——这总是很难的。成为最后一个总是很难的——这次是女士优先，所以所有男士都把手放下吧。你们没戏了。我看看。这样吧，我就点这位年轻女士。她就在前面。问吧，对，就是你。等一下，等麦克风过来。
Question: Afternoon, Mr. President. I’m Alana Williams [ph], I’m from the South Side of Chicago. 问：总统先生，下午好。我叫阿兰娜·威廉姆斯，我来自芝加哥南区。
President Obama: Wait, you’re from Chicago? 奥巴马总统：等等，你来自芝加哥？
Question: Yes! 问：对！
President Obama: Well, what are you doing here? This is supposed to be for Caribbean young ladies. 奥巴马总统：那你在这里干什么？这是为加勒比年轻女士准备的。
Question: Actually, I attend Olivet Nazarene University and I’m studying abroad, so I’m here. 问：其实，我在奥利弗拿撒勒大学读书，正在这里留学，所以我来了。
President Obama: I see, okay. Well, you’re cheating a little bit. I’ll have to call on somebody else after you. But I’m going to go ahead and let you ask a question real quick. Because I’ll see you in Chicago. 奥巴马总统：我明白了，好吧。你有点作弊啊。那我待会儿得再点一个人。不过我还是先让你问个问题，快点问。因为我们芝加哥见。
Question: Most definitely. My question is really more so about home. I love my city, but the violence is terrible, specifically amongst young black men. And I know we’re talking a lot about police brutality, but I’ve lost a lot of friends from people who look just like me. And that’s the problem. And so I would like to know what you believe is the true source of the violence, and what is one solution to an extreme problem. Thank you. 问：那是一定的。我的问题其实更多是关于家乡的。我爱我的城市，但那里的暴力太可怕了，尤其是在年轻黑人男性中。我知道我们一直在谈论警察暴行，但我已经失去了很多朋友，他们都是和我长得一样的人。那才是问题所在。所以我想知道您认为暴力的真正根源是什么，以及解决这个极端问题的一个方案是什么。谢谢。
President Obama: Well, look, I know you asked it about Chicago but I know there are neighborhoods right here in Jamaica that have the same problems, and in every place all across the Caribbean; certainly in Central America. 奥巴马总统：嗯，你看，我知道你问的是芝加哥，但我知道牙买加这里也有社区存在同样的问题，加勒比各地都有；中美洲当然也有。
I don’t think there is just one single factor. Obviously, a contributor is one that we just talked about, which is the drug trade. If you have an illicit trade that generates huge amounts of money and is not regulated above board, that is going to attract ultimately people trying to carve out turf, trying to control markets, and violence ensues. So that’s point number one. 我认为不只是一个单一的因素。显然，一个促成因素就是我们刚才谈到的毒品贸易。如果有一个非法贸易产生巨额资金，而且不受公开监管，那么最终就会有人试图划分地盘、控制市场，暴力随之而来。这是第一点。
Point number two is the easy accessibility of weapons. And we were talking earlier about different traditions; the United States has a tradition of gun ownership that is deep; dates back to the pioneer past. And I think it is a mistake that we do not do a better job of putting in place common-sense gun-safety regulations that would keep guns out of the hands of criminals, but unfortunately a majority of Congress does not agree with me. Even after six-year-olds were gunned down viciously in their classroom, we could not get action done. 第二点是武器的易获得性。我们之前谈到了不同的传统；美国有着深厚的持枪传统；可以追溯到拓荒时代。我认为我们没有更好地制定常识性的枪支安全法规，让枪支远离犯罪分子，这是一个错误，但不幸的是，国会多数人不同意我的看法。即使六岁的孩子在教室里被残忍枪杀，我们也无法采取行动。
But what we are doing is cooperating with the region as we are cooperating with local jurisdictions to try to stem at least the flow of guns using the administrative tools that I have. So that’s number two. 但我们正在做的是与本地区合作，正如我们与地方司法管辖区合作一样，利用我掌握的行政工具，至少努力阻止枪支流动。这是第二点。
Number three is providing alternative paths for young people. If a young person is reading by the age -- by the third grade and at grade level, if they are enjoying school, if they see a path for success, then they are less likely to get involved in criminal activity and that will reduce gun violence, and that will reduce crime, and that will reduce death. Which means investing in things like early childhood education and improving our schools -- those things are absolutely vital. 第三点是为年轻人提供替代道路。如果一个年轻人到三年级时阅读能力达到年级水平，如果他喜欢上学，如果他看到了成功的道路，那么他就不太可能卷入犯罪活动，这会减少枪支暴力，减少犯罪，减少死亡。这意味着投资于幼儿教育、改善我们的学校——这些事情绝对至关重要。
But there is a fourth element to this, and that is our own responsibility. And particularly, as I speak to young people here today, we always talk about what can we do about the violence as if it’s like just separate and apart. But we have control in our communities of our immediate friends, our immediate family. We influence our peers. 但还有第四个因素，那就是我们自己的责任。特别是，当我今天对这里的年轻人讲话时，我们总是谈论我们能对暴力做些什么，好像它是完全独立的一样。但我们在社区中可以控制我们身边的朋友、我们的家人。我们影响着我们的同龄人。
And I do think that the power that all of you have as young leaders to be able to not make excuses for violence -- because there are a whole bunch of folks who have really tough backgrounds and come from terrible circumstances, and are really poor, but they don’t go around shooting somebody. They don’t beat somebody over the head because of sneakers or because they looked at them the wrong way. 我确实认为，你们所有人作为青年领袖所拥有的力量，就是不要为暴力找借口——因为有很多人背景非常糟糕，来自可怕的环境，非常贫穷，但他们不会到处开枪打人。他们不会因为一双运动鞋或者因为别人看了他们一眼就把人打得头破血流。
And so there is an element of us retaking our communities and being willing to speak out against violence in our midst. That doesn’t ignore all the social factors. But Dr. King used to say it’s not an either/or situation, it’s a both/and situation. 所以我们需要重新夺回我们的社区，愿意挺身而出反对我们中间的暴力。这并不是忽视所有的社会因素。但金博士曾经说过，这不是非此即彼的问题，而是两者兼顾的问题。
Government has to act. We have to have effective policing, which means policing that is actually protecting as opposed to some of the things that we’ve been seeing of late in the United States, and I’m sure is true in other countries. And I say that saying that police have an extraordinarily difficult job, and the overwhelming majority do a great job under severe circumstances. But there’s got to be trust built between the communities, and I had to put a task force together that put together some excellent reports in the wake of Ferguson around how we can do that. 政府必须行动。我们必须有有效的警务，这意味着警务实际上是在保护人民，而不是我们最近在美国看到的那些事情，我敢肯定其他国家也有这种情况。我说这话的时候也知道，警察的工作异常艰难，绝大多数警察在恶劣的环境下都做得很好。但社区之间必须建立信任，在弗格森事件之后，我不得不成立一个工作组，就我们如何做到这一点提出了一些出色的报告。
But ultimately, what happens in the home, what happens in the school -- some of you are parents already; some of you will be parents -- what we teach our children in terms of values, valuing themselves, valuing others, that’s important, too. 但最终，家里发生的事，学校里发生的事——你们中有些人已经是父母了；有些人将来会成为父母——我们教给孩子的价值观，自尊，尊重他人，这些也很重要。
So there’s no single solution. But all of us have to do better. Because the tragedy of what we see in the United States but also in cities and towns all across the Caribbean and Central America, is terrible. And there’s no excuse for it. 所以没有单一的解决方案。但我们所有人都必须做得更好。因为我们在美国看到的悲剧，以及加勒比和中美洲各城镇看到的悲剧，都是可怕的。这是没有借口的。
All right. Because I called accidentally on a Chicagoan, I’ve got to call on one more person. Look, this young lady stood up, so she showed -- that wasn’t fair, but I called on her, go ahead. You’re not from Chicago are you? 好的。因为我不小心点了一个芝加哥人，我得再点一个人。听着，这位年轻女士站起来了，所以她表现出——这不公平，但我点了她，问吧。你不是芝加哥人吧？
Question: No. 问：不是。
President Obama: You promise? Okay. All right, get the mic -- oh, I’m sorry. You know what, I confess, even though I was going to call on you, she thought she was going to be called on. I’m going to call on both of you now, but each of you get a really short question. Really short, quick. 奥巴马总统：你保证？好的。好的，拿麦克风来——哦，对不起。这样吧，我承认，虽然我本来要点你，但她以为要点她。那我现在两个都点，但你们每个人的问题都要非常短。真的很短，快问。
Question: Well, I’m the team leader for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and I want to thank you for the initiatives that you’re planning to do here. And I wanted to invite you to our annual general meeting that’s going to be held in Babson in the States, so we want you to come because you are part of a global team. So I’m representing Jamaica as the youngest female team leader, and I’m inviting you to come so we can talk about Startup America and we can collaborate on different projects. So I’m inviting you to come to that event. 问：嗯，我是全球创业监测的团队负责人，我要感谢您计划在这里开展的倡议。我想邀请您参加我们将在美国巴布森学院举行的年度大会，我们希望您能来，因为您是全球团队的一员。我代表牙买加，作为最年轻的女性团队负责人，我邀请您来参加，这样我们可以谈论"创业美国"，我们可以在不同项目上合作。所以我邀请您来参加那个活动。
President Obama: Okay, that was good. And I can say I’ll await your invitation. And what I will say very quickly is entrepreneurship, small- and medium-sized businesses, that is a priority and that means that we’ve got to create channels for access to capital, technical training. These are areas where a lot of our development aid is shifting. 奥巴马总统：好的，说得好。我会说我等着你的邀请。我想非常快速地说的是，创业精神，中小企业，这是一个优先事项，这意味着我们必须创造获得资金、技术培训的渠道。这些领域是我们很多发展援助正在转向的方向。
Instead of just giving somebody a fish, we want to teach them how to fish. And what you’re seeing -- what you see among young people all around the world is, is that instead of just finding a job in a big organization, they may want to create something of their own, a new vision. And that kind of creativity has to be tapped. So we’re shifting a lot of the work that we do around issues of entrepreneurship, so I’ll be interested in seeing what you have to say. 与其授人以鱼，不如授人以渔。而你所看到的——你在世界各地年轻人身上看到的是，他们不只是想在大机构里找份工作，他们可能想创造自己的东西，一个新的愿景。而那种创造力必须被挖掘出来。所以我们正在把很多工作转向创业问题，所以我很有兴趣看看你有什么想法。
All right. This young lady right here, go ahead. 好的。这位年轻女士，问吧。
Question: Hello, everyone. Hi, Mr. President. My name is Davianne Tucker, and I’m the Guild president-elect for the University of the West Indies. Thank you. So my question is, the Jamaican government has been holding firmly to the stipulations of the IMF agreement. There are many who would like to know if the debt write-offs for Jamaica are being considered as a means of improving the livelihood of our people. So is that being considered? 问：大家好。嗨，总统先生。我叫达维安·塔克，是西印度大学学生会当选主席。谢谢。我的问题是，牙买加政府一直坚定地遵守国际货币基金组织协议的规定。很多人想知道，是否正在考虑为牙买加减免债务，作为改善人民生活的一种方式。所以正在考虑这件事吗？
President Obama: Well, this came up in my bilateral with your Prime Minister. And, look, historically, I think there has been times where the IMF or the international multilateral organizations worked with governments in ways that weren’t always productive, got them deep into debt, and then suddenly you’ve got a lot more flowing out than was going in. And in some cases there were governments around the world that were corrupt, lent money, money goes into a Swiss bank account, suddenly the people are paying off for decades. 奥巴马总统：嗯，这个问题在我与贵国总理的双边会谈中提到了。听着，从历史上看，我认为有时候国际货币基金组织或国际多边机构与政府合作的方式并不总是富有成效，让它们债台高筑，然后突然之间，流出的钱比流入的多得多。而且在某些情况下，世界各地有些政府是腐败的，借了钱，钱进了瑞士银行账户，突然人民要还几十年的债。
In Jamaica, some of it just had to do with tough circumstances, not always the best fiscal management. I think that the current government has been wise to work hard to abide by the IMF provisions. That’s not been easy. And I think that has been the right thing to do. 在牙买加，部分原因只是艰难的处境，不总是最好的财政管理。我认为本届政府努力遵守国际货币基金组织的规定是明智的。这并不容易。而且我认为这样做是正确的。
But what I also agreed with, when I spoke to the Prime Minister, is the need to try to address in a more systematic fashion how we can spur growth and not just put the squeeze on folks. Because what it turns out is, is that if a -- the best way for a country to reduce its debt is to grow really fast, and to generate more income. 但我也同意，当我与总理交谈时，我们需要更系统地解决如何刺激增长的问题，而不仅仅是紧缩。因为事实证明，一个国家减少债务的最佳方式是快速增长，创造更多收入。
Now, that does require development plans and approaches that are productive. And it is true that sometimes that requires some short-term sacrifice. And I think the question that the people of Jamaica, just like the people of the United States and everywhere else, should be asking is: If the government is spending money right now, is it on something that is going to help create long-term growth and help people succeed? If the answer is no, you shouldn’t spend that money. 现在，这确实需要有成效的发展计划和方法。确实，有时候这需要一些短期的牺牲。我认为牙买加人民，就像美国人民和其他地方的人民一样，应该问的问题是：如果政府现在在花钱，这笔钱是不是花在了有助于创造长期增长和帮助人们成功的事情上？如果答案是否定的，你就不应该花那笔钱。
Spending money just for the sake of spending money is not -- that’s not the formula for success. But if the money is being spent on what we talked about -- early childhood education; if it’s being spent on infrastructure; if it’s being spent on research; if it’s being spent on building skills for workers -- those are good investments. And I do think that the international financial institutions have to accommodate the interests of countries who have a sound plan for growth so that they can not just stay in this static state but can, over time, thrive and succeed. 为了花钱而花钱不是——那不是成功的公式。但如果钱花在我们谈到的事情上——幼儿教育；如果花在基础设施上；如果花在研究上；如果花在提高工人技能上——这些都是好的投资。而且我确实认为，国际金融机构必须照顾到那些有合理增长计划的国家的利益，这样它们就不会停留在静止状态，而是能够随着时间的推移蓬勃发展和取得成功。
And the way that’s going to happen is because of outstanding young leaders like you. 而这一切的实现，将依靠像你们这样杰出的青年领袖。
I’ve had a great conversation. 我们的交谈非常愉快。
Thank you, Jamaica. Thank you. Appreciate it, young leaders. 谢谢你，牙买加。谢谢。感谢你们，年轻的领袖们。
God bless you. 上帝保佑你们。