It gives me pleasure to add to this formal reading of the result of our labors that the character of the discussion which occurred at the sittings of the commission was not only of the most constructive but of the most encouraging sort. It was obvious throughout our discussions that, although there were subjects upon which there were individual differences of judgment with regard to the method by which our objects should be obtained, there was practically at no point any serious differences of opinion or motive as to the objects which we were seeking. 我很高兴在正式宣读我们的工作成果之外补充说明，委员会会议期间的讨论不仅具有最具建设性的性质，而且是最令人鼓舞的。在我们的整个讨论过程中，显然虽然在实现目标的方法上存在个人判断差异，但在我们所追求的目标上，实际上没有任何严重的意见分歧或动机分歧。
Indeed, while these debates were not made the opportunity for the expression of enthusiasm and sentiments, I think the other members of the commission will agree with me that there was an undertone of high respect and of enthusiasm for the thing we were trying to do which was heartening throughout everything. 事实上，尽管这些辩论没有成为表达热情和情感的机会，但我认为委员会的其他成员会同意我的看法，即我们所努力做的事情中有一种高度尊重和热情的基调，这在一切事情中都令人振奋。
Because we felt that in a way this conference did entrust into us the expression of one of its highest and most important purposes, to see to it that the concord of the world in the future with regard to the objects of justice should not be subject to doubt or uncertainty; that the cooperation of the great body of nations should be assured in the maintenance of peace upon terms of honor and of international obligations. 因为我们感到，在某种程度上，这次会议确实委托我们表达其最高和最重要的目的之一，即确保世界未来在正义目标方面的和谐不应受到怀疑或不确定；确保伟大国家体的合作应得到保证，以维护基于荣誉和国际义务的和平。
The compulsion of that task was constantly upon us, and at no point was there shown the slightest desire to do anything but suggest the best means to accomplish that great object. There is very great significance, therefore, in the fact that the result was reached unanimously. 这项任务的压力始终压在我们身上，而且在任何时候，除了提出实现这一伟大目标的最佳手段外，没有表现出任何其他愿望。因此，结果一致达成这一事实具有非常重要的意义。
Fourteen nations were represented, among them all of those powers which for convenience we have called the Great Powers, and among the rest a representation of the greatest variety of circumstances and interests. So that I think we are justified in saying that the significance of the result, therefore, has the deepest of all meanings, the union of wills in a common purpose, a union of wills which cannot be resisted and which, I dare say, no nation will run the risk of attempting to resist. 十四个国家派代表出席，其中包括我们为方便起见称为大国的所有那些国家，其余国家则代表了最广泛的情况和利益。因此，我认为我们有理由说，结果的意义因此具有最深刻的含义，即意志在共同目标中的统一，一种不可抗拒的意志统一，我敢说，没有任何国家会冒险试图抵抗。
Now, as to the character of the document. While it has consumed some time to read this document, I think you will see at once that it is very simple, and in nothing so simple as in the structure which it suggests for a league of nations, a body of delegates, an executive council, and a permanent secretariat. 现在，关于文件的性质。虽然阅读这份文件花费了一些时间，但我想你们会立刻看到它非常简单，最简洁的是它为国际联盟建议的结构：一个代表机构、一个执行理事会和一个常设秘书处。
When it came to the question of determining the character of the representation in the Body of Delegates, we were all aware of a feeling which is current throughout the world. 当涉及到确定代表机构的代表性性质时，我们都意识到一种在全世界流行的感觉。
Inasmuch as I am stating it in the presence of the official representatives of the various governments here present, including myself, I may say that there is a universal feeling that the world cannot rest satisfied with merely official guidance. 由于我是在各位政府的官方代表面前陈述这一点，包括我自己，我可以说，有一种普遍的感觉，即世界不能满足于仅仅是官方的指导。
There has reached us through many channels the feeling that if the deliberating body of the League of Nations was merely to be a body of officials representing the various governments, the peoples of the world would not be sure that some of the mistakes which preoccupied officials had admittedly made might not be repeated. 通过许多渠道，我们感受到，如果国际联盟的审议机构仅仅是代表各国政府的官员机构，世界人民将无法确定那些官员们公认犯过的一些错误不会重演。
It was impossible to conceive a method or an assembly so large and various as to be really representative of the great body of the peoples of the world, because, as I roughly reckon it, we represent as we sit around this table more than 1.2 billion people. 不可能设想一种方法或一个如此庞大和多样化的大会，足以真正代表世界广大人民，因为据我粗略估计，我们在座代表超过12亿人。
You cannot have a representative assembly of 1.2 billion people, but if you leave it to each government to have, if it pleases, one or two or three representatives, though only with a single vote, it may vary its representation from time to time, not only, but it may originate the choice of its several representatives. 你不可能有一个代表12亿人的代表大会，但如果你让每个政府根据自己的意愿派出一名、两名或三名代表，尽管只有一票，它不仅可以不时改变其代表人数，而且可以自主选择其几位代表。
Therefore we thought that this was a proper and a very prudent concession to the practically universal opinion of plain men everywhere that they wanted the door left open to a variety of representation, instead of being confined to a single official body with which they could or might not find themselves in sympathy. 因此，我们认为，这是对世界各地普通人普遍意见的适当和非常审慎的让步，他们希望为各种代表性留下大门敞开，而不是局限于一个单一的官方机构，他们可能会也可能不会与该机构产生共鸣。
And you will notice that this body has unlimited rights of discussion. I mean of discussion of anything that falls within the field of international relations -- and that it is especially agreed that war or international misunderstandings or anything that may lead to friction or trouble is everybody's business, because it may affect the peace of the world. 你们会注意到，这个机构拥有无限的讨论权利。我指的是讨论任何属于国际关系领域的事情——特别是同意，战争或国际误解或任何可能导致摩擦或麻烦的事情都是每个人的事，因为它可能影响世界和平。
And in order to safeguard the popular power so far as we could of this representative body, it is provided that when a subject is submitted it is not to arbitration but to discussion by the Executive Council; it can, upon the initiative of either of the parties to the dispute, be drawn out of the Executive Council on the larger form of the general Body of Delegates. 为了尽可能维护这个代表机构的民众权力，规定当一个议题被提交时，它不是提交仲裁，而是提交执行理事会讨论；在争端任何一方的倡议下，它可以从执行理事会转移到更大形式的全体代表大会。
Because through this instrument we are depending primarily and chiefly upon one great force, and this is the moral force of the public opinion of the world -- the pleasing and clarifying and compelling influences of publicity. 因为通过这项文书，我们主要依赖一种巨大的力量，这就是世界舆论的道德力量——公开性的令人愉悦、澄清和强制性的影响。
So that intrigues can no longer have their coverts; so that designs that are sinister can at anytime be drawn into the open. 以便阴谋不再有藏身之处；以便邪恶的设计随时可以被揭露。
So that those things that are destroyed by the light may be promptly destroyed by the overwhelming light of the universal expression of the condemnation of the world. 以便那些被光明摧毁的东西可以立即被世界普遍谴责的压倒性光芒摧毁。
Armed force is in the background in this program; but it is in the background, and, if the moral force of the world will not suffice, the physical force of the world shall. 武装力量在这个计划中处于背景；但它处于背景中，如果世界的道德力量不够，世界的物质力量将起作用。
But that is the last resort, because this is intended as a constitution of peace, not as a league of war. 但这是最后的手段，因为这旨在作为一份和平的宪法，而不是战争的联盟。
The simplicity of the document seems to me to be one of its chief virtues, because, speaking for myself, I was unable to see the variety of circumstances with which this League would have to deal. I was unable, therefore, to plan all the machinery that might be necessary to meet the differing and unexpected contingencies. 文件的简洁在我看来是其主要优点之一，因为就我而言，我无法预见这个联盟必须处理的各种情况。因此，我无法规划可能需要的所有机制来应对不同和意外的突发事件。
Therefore, I should say of this document that it is not a straitjacket but a vehicle of life. 因此，我应该说这份文件不是一件紧身衣，而是一个生命的载体。
A living thing is born, and we must see to it what clothes we put on it. It is not a vehicle of power, but a vehicle in which power may be varied at the discretion of those who exercise it and in accordance with the changing circumstances of the time. 一个活生生的事物诞生了，我们必须决定给它穿上什么衣服。它不是权力的工具，而是权力可以根据行使者的判断和时代不断变化的情况而变化的工具。
And yet, while it is elastic, while it is general in its terms, it is definite in the one thing that we were called upon to make definite. 然而，尽管它具有弹性，尽管它的条款是一般性的，但在我们被要求明确的一件事情上，它是明确的。
It is a definite guaranty of peace. It is a definite guaranty by word against aggression. It is a definite guaranty against the things which have just come near bringing the whole structure of civilization into ruin. 这是和平的明确保证。这是用语言明确保证反对侵略。这是明确保证反对那些刚刚差点将整个文明结构推向毁灭的东西。
Its purposes do not for a moment lie vague. Its purposes are declared, and its powers are unmistakable. It is not in contemplation that this should be merely a league to secure the peace of the world. It is a league which can be used for cooperation in any international matter. 它的目的一刻也不模糊。它的目的已宣布，它的权力是明确无误的。它的设想不仅仅是一个维护世界和平的联盟。它是一个可以用于任何国际事务合作的联盟。
That is the significance of the provision introduced concerning labor. There are many ameliorations of labor conditions which can be effected by conference and discussion. I anticipate that there will be a very great usefulness in the Bureau of Labor which it is contemplated shall be set up by the League. 这就是关于劳工的条款的意义。通过会议和讨论可以实现许多劳工条件的改善。我预计，联盟计划设立的劳工局将非常有用。
Men and women and children who work have been in the background through long ages and sometimes seemed to be forgotten, while governments have had their watchful and suspicious eyes upon the maneuvers of one another, while the thought of statesmen has been about structural action and the larger transactions of commerce and of finance. 长期以来，工作的男男女女和儿童一直处于后台，有时似乎被遗忘，而各国政府则警惕和怀疑地注视着彼此的动向，而政治家的思想则集中在结构性行动以及更大规模的商业和金融交易上。
Now, if I may believe the picture which I see, there comes into the foreground the great body of the laboring people of the world, the men and women and children upon whom the great burden of sustaining the world must from day to day fall, whether we wish it to do so or not; people who go to bed tired and wake up without the stimulation of lively hope. 现在，如果我可以相信我所看到的景象，世界广大劳动人民走上了前台，那些日复一日必须承担维持世界重担的男男女女和儿童，无论我们是否希望如此；那些疲惫上床、醒来时没有生动希望激励的人们。
These people will be drawn into the field of international consultation and help, and will be among the wards of the combined governments of the world. This is, I take leave to say, a very great step in advance in the mere conception of that. 这些人将被纳入国际咨询和帮助的领域，并将成为世界联合政府的监护对象。我冒昧地说，仅仅在概念上，这就是一个非常伟大的进步。
Then, as you will notice, there is an imperative article concerning the publicity of all international agreements. Henceforth no member of the League can call any agreement valid which it has not registered with the secretary general, in whose office, of course, it will be subject to the examination of any body representing a member of the League. And the duty is laid upon the secretary general to publish them at the earliest possible time. 然后，正如你们会注意到的，有一条关于所有国际协议公开性的强制性条款。从今以后，联盟的任何成员都不能将任何未向秘书长登记的协议称为有效，当然，在秘书长办公室，该协议将接受代表联盟成员的任何机构的审查。秘书长有责任尽早公布这些协议。
I suppose most persons who have not been conversant with the business of foreign affairs do not realize how many hundreds of these agreements are made in a single year, and how difficult it might be to publish the more unimportant of them immediately. How uninteresting it would be to most of the world to publish them immediately, but even they must be published just as soon as it is possible for the secretary general to publish them. 我想，大多数不熟悉外交事务的人没有意识到每年会达成数百项这样的协议，以及立即公布其中较不重要的协议可能有多困难。对世界上大多数人来说，立即公布它们会多么无趣，但即使是这些协议也必须在秘书长可能公布它们的情况下尽快公布。
There has been no greater advance than this, gentlemen. If you look back upon the history of the world you will see how helpless peoples have too often been a prey to powers that had no conscience in the matter. 先生们，没有比这更大的进步了。如果你回顾世界历史，你会看到无助的人民常常成为那些对此毫无良知的强国的牺牲品。
It has been one of the many distressing revelations of recent years that the great power which has just been, happily, defeated put intolerable burdens and injustices upon the helpless people of some of the colonies which it annexed to itself; that its interest was rather their extermination than their development; that the desire was to possess their land for European purposes, and not to enjoy their confidence in order that mankind might be lifted in these places to the next higher level. 近年来许多令人痛心的揭露之一是，刚刚被幸运击败的强国对它吞并的一些殖民地的无助人民施加了难以容忍的负担和不公正；它的利益是消灭他们而不是发展他们；它的愿望是为欧洲目的占有他们的土地，而不是赢得他们的信任，以便人类可以在这些地方提升到更高的水平。
Now, the world, expressing its conscience in law, says there is an end of that, that our consciences shall be settled to this thing. States will be picked out which have already shown that they can exercise a conscience in this matter, and under their tutelage the helpless peoples of the world will come into a new light and into a new hope. 现在，世界通过法律表达其良知，说这一切结束了，我们的良知将对此事达成共识。将挑选出已经表明能够在这件事上行使良知的国家，在它们的指导下，世界无助的人民将迎来新的光明和新的希望。
So I think I can say of this document that it is at one and the same time a practical document and a humane document. There is a pulse of sympathy in it. There is a compulsion of conscience throughout it. It is practical, and yet it is intended to purify, to rectify, to elevate. 因此，我认为我可以说这份文件同时是一份实用文件和一份人道文件。其中有一种同情的脉搏。其中贯穿着一种良知的强制。它是实用的，但它旨在净化、纠正和提升。
And I want to say that, so far as my observation instructs me, this is in one sense a belated document. I believe that the conscience of the world has long been prepared to express itself in some such way. We are not just now discovering our sympathy for these people and our interest in them. 我想说，就我的观察而言，从某种意义上说，这是一份迟来的文件。我相信，世界的良知长期以来一直准备以某种方式表达自己。我们不是现在才发现对这些人的同情和对他们的兴趣。
We are simply expressing it, for it has long been felt, and in the administration of the affairs of more than one of the great States represented here -- so far as I know, of all the great States that are represented here -- that humane impulse has already expressed itself in their dealings with their colonies whose peoples were yet at a low stage of civilization. 我们只是在表达它，因为它早已被感受到，而且在代表在这里的不止一个大国的事务管理中——据我所知，在所有代表在这里的大国中——这种人道冲动已经在与那些人民仍处于低文明阶段的殖民地的交往中表现出来。
We have had many instances of colonies lifted into the sphere of complete self-government. This is not the discovery of a principle. It is the universal application of a principle. 我们有许多殖民地被提升到完全自治领域的例子。这不是原则的发现。这是原则的普遍应用。
It is the agreement of the great nations which have tried to live by these standards in their separate administrations to unite in seeing that their common force and their common thought and intelligence are lent to this great and humane enterprise. 这是那些在各自的行政管理中努力按照这些标准生活的伟大国家达成的协议，共同确保它们的共同力量、共同思想和智慧被用于这项伟大而人道的事业。
I think it is an occasion, therefore, for the most profound satisfaction that this humane decision should have been reached in a matter for which the world has long been waiting and until a very recent period thought that it was still too early to hope. 因此，我认为，在世界长期等待并直到最近时期仍认为希望为时过早的事情上达成这一人道决定，是一个值得最深刻满足的时刻。
Many terrible things have come out of this war, gentlemen, but some very beautiful things have come out of it. Wrong has been defeated, but the rest of the world has been more conscious than it ever was before of the majesty of right. 先生们，这场战争带来了许多可怕的事情，但也带来了一些非常美好的事情。错误已经被击败，但世界其他地方比以往任何时候都更意识到正义的庄严。
People that were suspicious of one another can now live as friends and comrades in a single family, and desire to do so. The miasma of distrust, of intrigue, is cleared away. 曾经相互怀疑的人们现在可以作为朋友和同志生活在一个家庭中，并希望这样做。不信任和阴谋的瘴气已经消散。
Men are looking eye to eye and saying, "We are brothers and have a common purpose. We did not realize it before, but now we do realize it, and this is our covenant of fraternity and of friendship." 人们正面对面地看着对方说："我们是兄弟，有着共同的目标。我们以前没有意识到这一点，但现在我们意识到了，这是我们的兄弟情谊和友谊的盟约。"