Good afternoon. President Kornbluth, Chairman Gorenberg, trustees, faculty, families, friends … and most importantly, the MIT Class of 2026. Congratulations. You earned this. Standing here feels different than I expected. I've given a lot of talks over the years … but this one is personal. And as Murphy’s Law would have it, I somehow managed to lose my voice this week … so please bear with me if my voice sounds a little rough. 下午好。科恩布卢特校长、戈伦伯格主席、各位校董、老师、家人、朋友，最重要的是麻省理工学院2026届毕业生们，大家好。祝贺你们。这是你们努力赢得的。站在这里的感受，与我原先想象的不太一样。这些年来我做过许多演讲，但这一次对我有特别的个人意义。偏偏应了墨菲定律，这周我不知怎么失声了。如果我的声音听起来有点沙哑，还请大家包涵。
I came to MIT in the fall of 1986. My parents dropped me off at Next House. I was 17 years old. Born in Taiwan, raised in Queens … and pretty sure I was good at math. Then I walked into 6.001 and 6.002. Within about two weeks, I realized there were a lot of people at MIT who were very, very good at math. I remember staring at those first problem sets thinking … man, these are super hard. I had never really pulled all-nighters until freshman year … it was a new experience, but it was a lot of fun doing it together with your classmates. 1986年秋天，我来到麻省理工学院。父母把我送到Next House宿舍。那时我17岁，出生于台湾，在纽约皇后区长大，自以为数学还不错。后来我走进了6.001和6.002的课堂。大约两周后，我就发现麻省理工有很多人，数学真的、真的很厉害。我记得自己盯着第一批习题，心想：天哪，这也太难了。上大学一年级之前，我几乎没有熬过通宵。那是一种新体验，但和同学们一起熬夜做题也很有趣。
MIT has this incredible way of pushing you further than you thought you could go. You wrestled with the problem. You blew up a circuit or two. And then, somehow … the thing worked. And suddenly, you realized you could build something real. And, that’s when I started feeling like an engineer. 麻省理工有一种不可思议的力量，能推动你走得比自己想象的更远。你和难题反复较量。可能还烧坏一两个电路。然后，不知怎么的，它终于运行起来了。你突然意识到，自己真的能造出东西。就是从那时起，我开始觉得自己像个工程师。
One of the best parts of MIT is UROP. The opportunity, as an undergraduate, to work on real research. That changed my life. My first UROP was in Professor Hank Smith’s lab in Building 39 … making X-ray lithography mask blanks for a graduate student. To be clear, at the time I had absolutely no idea what that actually meant. But I got to put on my first bunny suit, walk into the clean room, and start building devices on little 2-inch wafers. I learned very quickly to be careful because those wafers were delicate, and I definitely did not want to be responsible for breaking them. 麻省理工最棒的项目之一，是本科生研究机会计划（UROP）。它让本科生有机会参与真正的科研。这改变了我的人生。我第一次参加UROP，是在39号楼汉克·史密斯教授的实验室，为一位研究生制作X射线光刻掩模基板。说实话，当时我完全不知道那究竟意味着什么。但我第一次穿上洁净服，走进无尘室，开始在小小的两英寸晶圆上制作器件。我很快学会了小心操作，因为晶圆十分脆弱，我可不想因为自己把它们弄坏。
I ran a bunch of experiments. Most of them didn’t work the way we expected. So, we adjusted. And tried again. It was the coolest thing ever. For the first time, I wasn’t just learning about technology in a classroom. I was part of a team trying to discover something new. I remember thinking: wow, we can build things this small? Things tiny enough to fit on a die the size of a coin … but powerful enough to change the world. And that is when I fell in love with semiconductors. 我做了很多实验，大多数结果都不如预期。于是我们调整方法，再试一次。那真是再酷不过的事了。我第一次不只是在课堂上学习技术，而是成为一个团队的一员，尝试发现新东西。我记得当时在想：哇，我们能做出这么小的东西？小到可以装进一枚硬币大小的芯片里，却强大到足以改变世界。就是那时，我爱上了半导体。
Later, I had the privilege of working with Professor Dimitri Antoniadis, who became my PhD advisor. That was where I really learned how to solve problems. I remember spending weeks in the clean room fabricating devices, then bringing my wafers up to the test lab, only to discover they didn’t behave the way I expected at all. So, I’d go back to Dimitri’s office, and we’d figure out what experiment we should try next. 后来，我有幸与迪米特里·安东尼亚迪斯教授共事，他后来成了我的博士导师。在那里，我真正学会了怎样解决问题。我记得自己在无尘室里花了几个星期制作器件，然后把晶圆拿到测试实验室，却发现它们的表现完全不是我预想的那样。于是我回到迪米特里的办公室，和他一起琢磨下一步该做什么实验。
Looking back, that was probably where I grew the most at MIT. Because little by little, I went from a new grad student learning about the field…to someone doing original research and actually contributing something new to the field. And along the way, I started believing in myself. Not the confidence that I would always know the answer. But the confidence that even when I didn’t know the answer yet…I could figure it out. 回头看，那大概是我在麻省理工成长最多的阶段。因为我一点一点地从初入领域、仍在学习的研究生，成长为能够开展原创研究、为这个领域带来新贡献的人。在这个过程中，我也开始相信自己。这种自信，不是相信自己永远知道答案。而是相信即使还不知道答案，我也能找出答案。
What I realize now is that MIT was teaching me something much bigger than semiconductor physics. Mens et manus. Mind and hand. When I was a student, I thought it was just a motto. Now I think it captures exactly what makes MIT special. MIT teaches you to think deeply. But it also teaches you to build. To test ideas. To keep going when the first experiment — or even the fifth experiment — doesn’t work. And over time, you start believing you can solve problems that once felt impossible. 现在我才明白，麻省理工教给我的，远不止半导体物理。知行合一。思想与双手。当我还是学生时，我以为那只是一句校训。如今我认为，它恰好道出了麻省理工的独特之处。麻省理工教你深入思考。也教你动手创造。检验想法。当第一次实验，甚至第五次实验都失败时，继续尝试。渐渐地，你开始相信，自己能解决那些曾经觉得不可能解决的问题。
I carried that feeling with me long after I left campus. When I joined IBM, I found myself starting all over again. IBM had hundreds of thousands of employees. I was 25 years old wondering how I could possibly make a difference in a company that big. But I learned something important very quickly: engineering doesn’t care how old you are. It cares whether your ideas work. 离开校园很久以后，我仍带着这种信念。加入IBM时，我发现自己又要从头开始。IBM有几十万名员工。25岁的我心想，在这么大的公司里，我怎么可能有所作为？但我很快学到一件重要的事：工程不在乎你的年龄。它在乎的是你的想法能不能行得通。
And one of my mentors told me something that I’ve never forgotten: Run toward the hardest problems. At the time, I didn’t fully understand what that meant. But over time, I realized this was the best advice I ever received. Hard problems teach you what you're capable of. 一位导师曾对我说过一句让我永远难忘的话：奔向最难的问题。当时，我并没有完全明白这是什么意思。但随着时间推移，我意识到这是我得到过的最好建议。难题会让你认识自己的能力。
Fast forward a bit … 12 years ago, I got a chance to put that lesson to the test. I had the opportunity to become CEO of AMD. AMD had enormous potential, but the company had been through some tough years. Some of my mentors thought taking the job was risky. But for me, this was my dream job. This was what I’d been training for all those years. The opportunity to work at the bleeding edge of technology on problems that really mattered. 时间快进一点。12年前，我有机会检验这条建议。我得到了担任AMD首席执行官的机会。AMD潜力巨大，但此前几年经历了不少困境。有些导师认为接下这份工作风险很大。但对我来说，这是梦寐以求的工作。这么多年来，我一直在为它做准备。这让我有机会站在技术前沿，解决真正重要的问题。
The first thing we had to figure out was what we wanted to be when we grew up. We made a long-term bet that high-performance computing would be the most important technology of the future. We gave our talented team the room to think big. Over the next several years, we built technology to enable the most powerful computers in the world. And, through all of it, I used every skill that MIT ever taught me … And then some. 我们首先必须弄清楚：长大以后，我们想成为什么样的公司？我们押下一个长期赌注：高性能计算将是未来最重要的技术。我们给才华出众的团队充分空间，让他们大胆思考。此后的几年里，我们开发出支撑世界上最强大计算机的技术。在这个过程中，我用上了麻省理工教给我的每一项本领，甚至还不止这些。
I call it the engineer’s instinct. The ability to face what seemed like an unsolvable problem, break it down, and methodically work through it step by step. But, at AMD, I learned something else. The engineer’s instinct is even more powerful when it becomes shared by a team. And the greatest satisfaction of my career has been bringing people together to do something more than any of us thought was possible. 我把它称为工程师的本能。就是面对看似无解的问题，把它拆解开来，再有条不紊地一步步解决。但在AMD，我还学到了另一件事。当整个团队都拥有工程师的本能时，它会变得更加强大。我职业生涯中最大的满足感，就是把大家凝聚起来，完成一件超出我们任何人原先想象的事。
Which brings me to today. Over the last few decades, we’ve experienced several major technology shifts. The internet changed how we communicate. Mobile computing changed how we live. Cloud computing changed how we work. And now we are at the beginning of the AI wave. 这就说到今天了。过去几十年，我们经历了几次重大的技术变革。互联网改变了我们的交流方式。移动计算改变了我们的生活方式。云计算改变了我们的工作方式。现在，我们正处在人工智能浪潮的开端。
To me, AI is different from those earlier technology waves. It is not just a tool that can help us do things faster. It is deeper than that. It has the potential to accelerate discovery in every field and help us solve problems we have never been able to solve before. 在我看来，人工智能不同于之前的那些技术浪潮。它不只是帮助我们把事情做得更快的工具，影响远不止于此。它有潜力加速每个领域的发现，帮助我们解决过去从未能解决的问题。
To make it personal, one of the areas that excites me most is medicine and healthcare. We’ve all experienced firsthand what it feels like when someone you love is sick. And even with incredible doctors and the best care, you realize how hard it is for any one person to bring together all of the knowledge that exists in the world to help in that critical time of need. 说得更切身一些，最令我振奋的领域之一是医学和医疗保健。我们都亲身经历过所爱之人生病时的感受。即使有出色的医生和最好的照护，你仍会发现，在那样关键的时刻，任何一个人都很难汇集世界上所有的知识来提供帮助。
AI can help us change that. It can help doctors and researchers bring the world’s best expertise to each patient … and deliver care with the best chance of a successful outcome. That is the promise of AI at its best. It does not replace people. It makes each of us more capable. Medicine. Science. Energy. Climate. We may discover more in the next ten years than we have in the last thirty. 人工智能可以帮助我们改变这一点。它能帮助医生和研究人员把世界上最好的专业知识带给每位患者，提供最有希望获得良好疗效的照护。这就是人工智能发挥最大价值时许下的承诺。它不会取代人。它会让我们每个人更有能力。医学。科学。能源。气候。未来十年，我们的发现可能比过去三十年还多。
Now let me be clear. Technology itself does not decide what the future looks like. People do. For all the promise of AI … AI cannot decide which problems are worth solving. It cannot make the hard judgment calls with imperfect information. It cannot take responsibility for the outcome. These are our responsibilities. And they matter more now than ever. 现在我要说清楚一点。技术本身并不能决定未来是什么样子。人才能。尽管人工智能前景广阔……它无法决定哪些问题值得解决。它无法在信息不完整时作出艰难的判断。它无法为结果承担责任。这些是我们的责任。而如今，它们比以往任何时候都更重要。
That is why this is such an extraordinary moment to graduate from MIT. Because the world does not just need people who know how to use powerful tools. It needs people who know what to use them for. People with a sense of purpose. Judgment. Courage. People who look at a hard problem and say: I know this is important, and we can figure this out. And that is exactly who you have become here. 所以，此时从麻省理工毕业，是一件如此非同寻常的事。因为世界需要的，不只是懂得使用强大工具的人。世界还需要知道该用这些工具做什么的人。有使命感的人。有判断力的人。有勇气的人。看到难题时会说“我知道这很重要，我们能找到办法”的人。而你们在这里，已经成长为这样的人。
So here is what I want to leave you with. I am fortunate in many ways. I am fortunate to have great parents. I received an extraordinary education. I have had the chance to work with great people. But I also believe I’ve been very lucky in my career. When people ask me for career advice, I often tell them: work hard … but also understand that luck matters. And, over time, I’ve come to believe that the best people find ways to make their luck. 最后，我想留给你们几句话。在许多方面，我都很幸运。我很幸运拥有优秀的父母。我接受了非凡的教育。我有机会与出色的人共事。我也相信，自己的职业生涯确实有不少好运气。有人向我请教职业建议时，我常说：努力工作，但也要明白运气很重要。渐渐地，我相信最优秀的人会找到创造好运的方法。
Luck is not just being in the right place at the right time. It is taking the risk to work on something hard. It is challenging yourself. Choosing problems at the edge of what you know. Surrounding yourself with people who make you better. And believing that, yes … you can change the world. 好运不只是恰好在正确的时间出现在正确的地方。它也来自敢于冒险、去做困难的事。来自挑战自己。来自选择处于自己知识边界上的问题。来自与能让你变得更优秀的人为伍。也来自相信：是的，你能够改变世界。
So be ambitious about the problems you choose. Run toward the hardest ones. And trust your engineer’s instinct. That is how you make your luck. 所以，在选择要解决的问题时，要有雄心。奔向最难的那些问题。相信你们工程师的本能。这就是你们创造好运的方法。
I want to take a moment to acknowledge all the families and loved ones here in the audience today. None of these graduates got here alone. Thank you for believing in them, supporting them, and helping them reach this moment. This achievement belongs to you too. 我想花一点时间，向今天在座的所有家人和亲友致意。这些毕业生没有一个人是独自走到这里的。感谢你们相信他们、支持他们，帮助他们走到今天。这份成就也属于你们。
And to the Class of 2026… Remember … somewhere in the years ahead, you’re going to walk into another room where you have absolutely no idea what you’re doing. You’ve done this before. Go figure it out. As one MITer to another … I am incredibly honored to be here with you today. Congratulations, Class of 2026. 对于2026届毕业生，我还想说……请记住，未来的某一天，你们会走进另一个房间，发现自己完全不知道该怎么做。你们以前经历过这种事。去找出办法吧。作为一位麻省理工校友，能够来到这里与你们相聚，我深感荣幸。祝贺你们，2026届毕业生。