Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。
Let me begin by thanking Dr. Jared Cohon, and the entire Carnegie Mellon community, for welcoming me once again, and for the terrific work that he and the administration, faculty and staff do here each and every day. 首先，我要感谢贾里德·科恩博士以及整个卡内基梅隆大学社区再次欢迎我，并感谢他和行政管理部门、教职员工每天在这里所做的出色工作。
I also want to acknowledge your outstanding mayor -- who doesn't look any older than the last time I saw him -- Mayor Luke Ravenstahl. There he is, right there. 我还要向你们杰出的市长——他看起来一点也不比我上次见到他时老——卢克·雷文斯塔尔市长致意。他就在那里。
It is great to be back at Carnegie Mellon, and in the beautiful city of Pittsburgh. I love visiting a good sports town. Last year, I stole Dan Rooney to serve as my ambassador to Ireland. To make it up, I invited both the Steelers and the Penguins to the White House to celebrate their championships. Seeing how the Blackhawks are headed to Philly tonight with a 2-0 lead in the Stanley Cup Finals, I'm just glad that we're on this side of the state. 很高兴回到卡内基梅隆大学，回到美丽的匹兹堡市。我喜欢到访一个热爱体育的城市。去年，我把丹·鲁尼挖走担任我的驻爱尔兰大使。为了弥补，我邀请钢人队和企鹅队都到白宫庆祝他们各自的冠军。看到黑鹰队今晚带着2比0的领先优势前往费城参加斯坦利杯决赛，我很高兴我们在这边。
I noticed a couple of people said they were rooting for the Blackhawks, which tells me something about the rivalry between Pittsburgh and Philly. 我注意到有几个人说他们支持黑鹰队，这让我对匹兹堡和费城之间的竞争关系有了些了解。
Of course, we meet here at an incredibly difficult time for America. Among other things, it's a time when the worst environmental disaster of its kind in our nation's history is threatening the Gulf Coast and the people who live there. Right now, stopping this oil spill and containing its damage is necessarily the top priority not just of my Administration but I think of the entire country. And we're waging this battle every minute of every day. 当然，我们在此相聚之际，美国正处于一个极其困难的时期。其中，我国历史上最严重的此类环境灾难正在威胁墨西哥湾沿岸及其居民。目前，制止这场石油泄漏并控制其破坏，不仅是本届政府的首要任务，我想也是整个国家的首要任务。我们每时每刻都在进行这场战斗。
But at the same time, we're continuing our efforts to recover and rebuild from an economic disaster that has touched the lives of nearly every American. That's what I want to talk about today -- the state of our economy, the future we must seize, and the path we chose to get there. 但与此同时，我们仍在继续努力，从一场几乎触及每个美国人生活的经济灾难中恢复和重建。这就是我今天想谈论的话题——我们经济的现状、我们必须把握的未来，以及我们为实现这一目标所选择的道路。
It has now been a little over 16 months since I took office amid one of the worst economic storms in our history. And to navigate that storm, my Administration was forced to take some dramatic and unpopular steps. These steps have succeeded in breaking the freefall. We're again moving in the right direction. 我上任至今已有16个多月，当时正值我国历史上最严重的经济风暴之一。为应对那场风暴，本届政府被迫采取了一些大胆而不受欢迎的措施。这些措施成功遏制了经济自由落体式的下滑。我们再次朝着正确的方向前进。
An economy that was shrinking at an alarming rate when I became President has now been growing for three consecutive quarters. After losing an average of 750,000 jobs a month during the winter of last year, we've now added jobs for five of the last six months, and we expect to see strong job growth in Friday's report. The taxpayer money it cost to shore up the financial sector and the auto industry, that's being repaid. And both GM and Chrysler are adding shifts and operating at a profit. 我担任总统时正在以惊人速度萎缩的经济，现在已经连续三个季度保持增长。去年冬天我们每月平均失去75万个就业岗位，而过去六个月中有五个月我们实现了就业增长，我们预计周五的报告将显示强劲的就业增长。用于支撑金融业和汽车业的纳税人资金正在得到偿还。通用汽车和克莱斯勒都在增加班次并实现盈利。
So, despite temporary setbacks, uncertain world events, and the resulting ups and downs of the market, this economy is getting stronger by the day. 因此，尽管存在暂时的挫折、不确定的世界事件以及由此引发的市场起伏，经济正在日益增强。
Now, that doesn't mean this recession is by any means over for the millions of Americans who are still looking for a job or a way to pay the bills. Not by a long shot. The devastation created by the deepest downturn since the Great Depression has hit people and communities across our country very hard. And it's not going to be a real recovery until people can feel it in their own lives. 然而，这并不意味着对数百万仍在寻找工作或设法支付账单的美国人来说，经济衰退已经结束。远远没有。自大萧条以来最严重的经济低迷所造成的破坏，严重打击了全国各地的人民和社区。只有当人们能在自己的生活中感受到改善时，这才是真正的复苏。
In the immediate future, this means doing whatever is necessary to keep the recovery going and to spur job growth. But in the long term, it means recognizing that for a lot of middle-class families -- for entire communities, in some case -- a sense of economic security has been missing since long before the recession began. 就近期而言，这意味着要采取一切必要措施维持复苏势头并促进就业增长。但从长远来看，这意味着要认识到，对于许多中产阶级家庭——在某些情况下甚至是整个社区——来说，早在衰退开始之前，经济安全感就已经缺失了。
Over the last decade, these families saw their income decline. They saw the cost of things like health care and college tuition reach record highs. They lived through a so-called economic "expansion" that generated slower job growth than at any prior expansion since World War II. Some people have called the last 10 years "the lost decade." 在过去十年中，这些家庭的收入下降了。他们目睹了医疗保健和大学学费等成本创历史新高。他们经历了一场所谓的经济"扩张"，其就业增长速度比二战以来任何一次扩张都要慢。有人把过去十年称为"失去的十年"。
So the anxiety that's out there today isn't new. The recession has certainly made it worse, but that feeling of not being in control of your own economic future -- that sense that the American Dream might slowly be slipping away -- that's been around for some time now. And for better or for worse, our generation of Americans has been buffeted by tremendous forces of economic change. Long gone are the days when a high school diploma could guarantee a job at a local factory -- not when so many of those factories had moved overseas. 因此，今天人们所感到的焦虑并非新鲜事。经济衰退无疑加剧了这种焦虑，但那种无法掌控自己经济未来的感觉——那种美国梦可能正在慢慢溜走的感受——已经存在一段时间了。无论好坏，我们这一代美国人一直受到经济变革巨大力量的冲击。高中文凭就能保证在当地工厂找到工作的时代早已一去不复返——更何况那么多工厂已经迁往海外。
Pittsburgh, a city that once was defined by the steel industry, knows this better than just about anybody. And today, the ability of jobs and entire industries to relocate where there's skilled workers and an Internet connection has forced America to compete like never before. 匹兹堡，这座曾经由钢铁工业定义的城市，比任何地方都更清楚这一点。而今天，就业岗位和整个产业向拥有熟练工人和互联网连接的地方转移的能力，迫使美国以前所未有的方式参与竞争。
From China to India to Europe, other nations have already realized this. They're putting a greater emphasis on math and science, and demanding more from their students. Some countries are building high-speed railroads and expanding broadband access. They're making serious investments in technology and clean energy because they want to win the competition for those jobs. 从中国到印度再到欧洲，其他国家已经意识到了这一点。他们更加重视数学和科学，对学生提出更高的要求。一些国家正在建设高速铁路和扩展宽带接入。他们在技术和清洁能源方面进行严肃的投资，因为他们想赢得这些就业岗位的竞争。
So we can't afford to stand pat while the world races by. The United States of America did not become the most prosperous nation on Earth by sheer luck or happenstance. We got here because each time a generation of Americans has faced a changing world, we have changed with it. We have not feared our future; we have shaped it. America does not stand still; we move forward. 因此，当世界飞速前进时，我们不能固步自封。美利坚合众国成为地球上最繁荣的国家，并非靠纯粹的运气或偶然。我们之所以走到今天，是因为每当一代美国人面对不断变化的世界时，我们都会随之改变。我们没有惧怕未来，而是塑造了未来。美国不会停滞不前，我们向前迈进。
And that's why I've said that as we emerge from this recession, we can't afford to return to the pre-crisis status quo. We can't go back to an economy that was too dependent on bubbles and debt and financial speculation. We can't accept economic growth that leaves the middle class owing more and making less. We have to build a new and stronger foundation for growth and prosperity -- and that's exactly what we've been doing for the last 16 months. 正因如此，我曾说过，当我们从这场衰退中走出来时，不能回到危机前的旧常态。我们不能回到一个过度依赖泡沫、债务和金融投机的经济模式。我们不能接受让中产阶级负债更多、收入更少的经济增长。我们必须为增长和繁荣建立一个更新、更坚实的基础——这正是过去16个月来我们一直在做的事情。
It's a foundation based on investments in our people and their future; investments in the skills and education we need to compete; investments in a 21st century infrastructure for America, from high-speed railroads to high-speed Internet; investments in research and technology, like clean energy, that can lead to new jobs and new exports and new industries. 这一基础建立在对我们人民及其未来的投资之上；建立在我们竞争所需的技能和教育投资之上；建立在美国21世纪基础设施的投资之上，从高速铁路到高速互联网；建立在研究和技术投资之上，比如清洁能源，它能带来新的就业、新的出口和新的产业。
This new foundation is also based on reforms that will make our economy stronger and our businesses more competitive -- reforms that will make health care cheaper, our financial system more secure, and our government less burdened with debt. 这一新基础还建立在改革之上，这些改革将使我们的经济更强大、我们的企业更具竞争力——这些改革将降低医疗保健成本，使我们的金融体系更安全，并减轻政府的债务负担。
In a global economy, we can't pursue this agenda in a vacuum. At the height of the financial crisis, the coordinated action we took with the nations of the G20 prevented a global depression and helped restore worldwide growth. And as we've recently witnessed in Europe, economic difficulties in one part of the world can affect everybody else. And that's why we have to keep on working with the nations of the G20 to pursue more balanced growth. That's why we need to coordinate financial reform with other nations so that we avoid a global race to the bottom. 在全球经济中，我们不能在真空中推进这一议程。在金融危机最严重的时候，我们与二十国集团国家采取的协调行动避免了一场全球性萧条，并帮助恢复了全球增长。正如我们最近在欧洲所见，世界一个地区的经济困难可以影响到其他所有人。这就是为什么我们必须继续与二十国集团国家合作，追求更平衡的增长。这就是为什么我们需要与其他国家协调金融改革，以避免全球性的竞相逐底。
It's why we need to open new markets and meet the goal of my National Export Initiative: to double our exports over the next five years. And it's why we need to ensure that our competitors play fair and our agreements are enforced. This, too, is part of building a new foundation. 这就是为什么我们需要开拓新市场，实现我的国家出口倡议的目标：在未来五年内将出口翻一番。这也是为什么我们需要确保竞争对手公平竞争，确保我们的协议得到执行。这也是建设新基础的一部分。
Now, some of you may have noticed that we have been building this foundation without much help from our friends in the other party. From our efforts to rescue the economy, to health insurance reform, to financial reform, most have sat on the sidelines and shouted from the bleachers. They said no to tax cuts for small businesses; no to tax credits for college tuition; no to investments in clean energy. They said no to protecting patients from insurance companies and consumers from big banks. 现在，你们中有些人可能已经注意到，我们在建设这一基础时几乎没有得到另一党朋友们的多少帮助。从拯救经济的努力，到医疗保险改革，再到金融改革，大多数人都在一旁袖手旁观，从看台上大声喊叫。他们对小企业减税说不，对大学学费税收抵免说不，对清洁能源投资说不。他们对保护患者免受保险公司侵害、保护消费者免受大银行侵害说不。
And some of this, of course, is just politics. Before I was even inaugurated, the congressional leaders of the other party got together and made a calculation that if I failed, they'd win. So when I went to meet with them about the need for a Recovery Act, in the midst of crisis, they announced they were against it before I even arrived at the meeting. Before we even had a health care bill, a Republican senator actually said, "If we're able to stop Obama on this, it will be his Waterloo. It will break him." So those weren't very hopeful signs. 当然，其中一些只是政治算计。在我甚至还没有就职之前，另一党的国会领袖就聚在一起盘算着，如果我失败了，他们就会赢。所以当我在危机中与他们开会讨论《复苏法案》的必要性时，我还没到会场他们就宣布反对了。在我们还没有医改法案之前，一位共和党参议员竟然说，"如果我们能在这一点上阻止奥巴马，这就是他的滑铁卢。这将击垮他。"所以这些都不是什么充满希望的迹象。
But to be fair, a good deal of the other party's opposition to our agenda has also been rooted in their sincere and fundamental belief about the role of government. It's a belief that government has little or no role to play in helping this nation meet our collective challenges. It's an agenda that basically offers two answers to every problem we face: more tax breaks for the wealthy and fewer rules for corporations. 但公平地说，另一党对我们议程的反对，很大程度上也源于他们对政府角色的真诚而根本的信念。他们相信，在帮助国家应对共同挑战方面，政府几乎或完全没有作用。他们的议程基本上为我们面临的每个问题提供两个答案：给富人更多减税，给企业更少监管。
The last Administration called this recycled idea "the Ownership Society." But what it essentially means is that everyone is on their own. No matter how hard you work, if your paycheck isn't enough to pay for college or health care or childcare, well, you're on your own. If misfortune causes you to lose your job or your home, you're on your own. And if you're a Wall Street bank or an insurance company or an oil company, you pretty much get to play by your own rules, regardless of the consequences for everybody else. 上届政府把这个翻新的理念称为"所有权社会"。但它本质上意味着每个人都只能靠自己。无论你多么努力工作，如果你的薪水不足以支付大学、医疗保健或儿童保育费用，那你只能自求多福。如果不幸让你失去工作或住房，你只能靠自己。而如果你是华尔街银行、保险公司或石油公司，你几乎可以按照自己的规则行事，不管对其他人造成什么后果。
Now, I've never believed that government has all the answers. Government cannot and should not replace businesses as the true engine of growth and job creation. Government can't instill good values and a sense of responsibility in our children. That's a parent's job. Too much government can deprive us of choice and burden us with debt. Poorly designed regulations can choke off competition and the capital that businesses need to thrive. 当然，我从不认为政府能解决所有问题。政府不能也不应该取代企业成为增长和就业创造的真正引擎。政府无法向我们的孩子灌输良好的价值观和责任感。那是父母的职责。政府过度干预会剥夺我们的选择权，并使我们背负债务。设计不当的监管会扼杀竞争和企业繁荣所需的资本。
I understand these arguments. And it's reflected in my policies. After all, one-third of the Recovery Act we designed was made up of tax cuts for families and small businesses. And when you think back to the health care debate, despite calls for a single-payer, government-run health care plan, we passed reform that maintains our system of private health insurance. 我理解这些论点。这也反映在我的政策中。毕竟，我们设计的《复苏法案》中有三分之一是针对家庭和小企业的减税。而当你们回想医改辩论时，尽管有人呼吁建立单一付款人的政府运营医疗计划，我们通过的是维持私人医疗保险体系的改革。
But I also understand that throughout our nation's history, we have balanced the threat of overreaching government against the dangers of an unfettered market. We've provided a basic safety net, because any one of us might experience hardship at some time in our lives and may need some help getting back on our feet. And we've recognized that there have been times when only government has been able to do what individuals couldn't do and corporations wouldn't do. 但我也明白，在我国历史上，我们一直在政府权力过大的威胁与不受约束的市场的危险之间寻求平衡。我们提供了基本的安全网，因为我们任何人都可能在生命中的某个时刻遭遇困难，可能需要一些帮助重新站起来。我们也认识到，有时候只有政府才能做到个人做不到、企业不愿做的事情。
That's how we have railroads and highways, public schools and police forces. That's how we've made possible scientific research that has led to medical breakthroughs like the vaccine for Hepatitis B, and technological wonders like GPS. That's how we have Social Security and a minimum wage, and laws to protect the food we eat and the water we drink and the air that we breathe. That's how we have rules to ensure that mines are safe and, yes, that oil companies pay for the spills that they cause. 正因如此，我们才有了铁路和公路、公立学校和警察队伍。正因如此，我们才使科学研究成为可能，带来了乙型肝炎疫苗等医学突破和GPS等技术奇迹。正因如此，我们才有了社会保障和最低工资，有了保护我们吃的食物、喝的水和呼吸的空气的法律。正因如此，我们才有了确保矿山安全的规则，是的，还有让石油公司为其造成的泄漏付出代价的规则。
Now, there have always been those who've said no to such protections; no to such investments. There were accusations that Social Security would lead to socialism, and that Medicare was a government takeover. There were bankers who claimed the creation of federal deposit insurance would destroy the industry. And there were automakers who argued that installing seatbelts was unnecessary and unaffordable. There were skeptics who thought that cleaning our water and our air would bankrupt our entire economy. And all of these claims proved false. 当然，一直有人对这样的保护说不，对这样的投资说不。曾有人指责社会保障会导致社会主义，指责联邦医疗保险是政府接管。曾有银行家声称建立联邦存款保险会摧毁整个行业。也曾有汽车制造商争辩说安装安全带既无必要也负担不起。还有怀疑论者认为净化水和空气会让整个经济破产。所有这些说法都被证明是错误的。
All of these reforms led to greater security and greater prosperity for our people and our economy. 所有这些改革都为我们的人民和经济带来了更大的安全和更大的繁荣。
So what was true then is true today. As November approaches, leaders in the other party will campaign furiously on the same economic arguments they've been making for decades. Fortunately, we don't have to look back too many years to see how their agenda turns out. For much of the last 10 years we've tried it their way. They gave us tax cuts that weren't paid for to millionaires who didn't need them. They gutted regulations and put industry insiders in charge of industry oversight. They shortchanged investments in clean energy and education, in research and technology. 所以过去如此，今天亦然。随着十一月临近，另一党的领袖们将激烈地以他们几十年来一直主张的同样经济论调进行竞选。幸运的是，我们不需要回溯太多年来看到他们的议程结果如何。在过去十年的大部分时间里，我们按照他们的方式尝试过。他们给了不需要减税的百万富翁们没有资金来源的减税。他们削弱了监管，让业内人士负责行业监督。他们削减了在清洁能源和教育、研究和技术方面的投资。
And despite all their current moralizing about the need to curb spending, this is the same crowd who took the record $237 billion surplus that President Clinton left them and turned it into a record $1.3 trillion deficit. 尽管他们现在满口道德说教，大谈遏制支出的必要性，但正是这帮人把克林顿总统留给他们的创纪录的2370亿美元盈余变成了创纪录的1.3万亿美元赤字。
So we know where those ideas lead us. And now we have a choice as a nation. We can return to the failed economic policies of the past, or we can keep building a stronger future. We can go backward, or we can keep moving forward. And I don't know about you, but I want to move forward. I think America wants to move forward. 所以我们知道这些理念会把我们引向何方。现在作为一个国家我们面临选择。我们可以回到过去失败的经济政策，或者我们可以继续建设更强大的未来。我们可以倒退，或者我们可以继续前进。我不知道你们怎么想，但我想前进。我认为美国想前进。
Now, the first step in building a new foundation that allows us to move forward has been to address the costs and risks that have made our economy less competitive -- outdated regulations, crushing health care costs, and a growing debt. 现在，建立一个让我们能够前进的新基础的第一步，就是解决那些使我国经济竞争力下降的成本和风险——过时的监管、沉重的医疗保健成本和不断增长的债务。
To start with, we can't compete as a nation if the irresponsibility of a few folks on Wall Street can bring our entire economy to its knees. That's why we're on the verge of passing the most sweeping financial reform since the Great Depression. It's a reform that will help prevent another AIG. It will end taxpayer-funded bank bailouts. It contains the strongest consumer protections in history -- protections that will empower Americans with the clear and concise information they need before signing up for a credit card or taking out a mortgage. 首先，如果华尔街少数人的不负责任能让我们的整个经济瘫痪，我们作为一个国家就无法竞争。这就是为什么我们即将通过自大萧条以来最全面的金融改革。这项改革将有助于防止另一个AIG的出现。它将终结由纳税人出资的银行救助。它包含了历史上最强的消费者保护——这些保护将赋予美国人清晰简明的信息，让他们在申请信用卡或办理抵押贷款之前就有所了解。
Financial reform will not guard against every instance of greed and irresponsibility on Wall Street. But it will enshrine a new principle in our financial system: From now on, instead of competing to see who can come up with the cleverest scheme to make the quickest buck, financial institutions will compete to see who can make the better product and the better service. And that's a competition that benefits Wall Street and Main Street. That's why we need to get this legislation done. It's why we can't afford to go back; we have to move forward. 金融改革无法防范华尔街上的每一例贪婪和不负责任行为。但它将在我们的金融体系中确立一项新原则：从现在起，金融机构不再竞相看谁能想出最聪明的方案来赚快钱，而是竞争谁能提供更好的产品和服务。这是一场既有利于华尔街也有利于主街的竞争。这就是为什么我们需要完成这项立法。这就是为什么我们不能倒退，我们必须前进。
We also know we can't compete in a global economy if our citizens are forced to spend more and more of their income on medical bills; if our businesses are forced to choose between health care and hiring; if state and federal budgets are weighed down with skyrocketing health care costs. That's why we finally passed health insurance reform. 我们也知道，如果我们的公民被迫将越来越多的收入用于医疗支出，如果我们的企业被迫在医疗保健和雇佣员工之间做出选择，如果州和联邦预算被飞涨的医疗保健成本所拖累，我们在全球经济中就无法竞争。这就是为什么我们最终通过了医疗保险改革。
Now, let's be clear. The costs of health care are not going to come down overnight just because legislation passed, and in an ever-changing industry like health care, we're going to continuously need to apply more cost-cutting measures as the years go by. But once this reform is in full effect, middle-class families will pay less for their health care, and the worst practices of the insurance industry will end. People with preexisting medical conditions will no longer be excluded from coverage. 现在，让我们说清楚。医疗保健成本不会仅仅因为法案通过就一夜之间降下来，而且在医疗保健这样一个不断变化的行业里，随着岁月的流逝，我们需要不断采取更多的削减成本措施。但一旦这项改革全面生效，中产阶级家庭将支付更少的医疗费用，保险行业最恶劣的做法将被终结。有既往病史的人将不再被拒之门外。
People who become seriously ill will no longer be thrown off their coverage for reasons contrived by the insurance company. Taxpayers will no longer have to pay -- in the form of higher premiums -- for trips to the ER by uninsured Americans. Businesses will get help with their health care costs. In fact, small businesses are already learning they're eligible for tax credits to cover their workers this year. And with less waste and greater efficiency in the system, this reform will do more to bring down the deficit than any step we have taken in more than a decade. 患重病的人将不再因为保险公司编造的理由而失去保险。纳税人将不再以更高的保费形式为未投保美国人去急诊室就诊买单。企业将获得医疗保健成本方面的帮助。事实上，小企业已经开始了解到他们今年有资格获得为员工投保的税收抵免。随着系统中浪费减少、效率提高，这项改革在削减赤字方面的成效将超过我们十多年来采取的任何措施。
The other party has staked their claim this November on repealing these health insurance reforms instead of making them work. They want to go back. We need to move forward. 另一党将今年十一月的赌注押在废除这些医疗保险改革上，而不是让它们发挥作用。他们想倒退。我们需要前进。
Making health care more cost-efficient is critical, because it's also true that we cannot be competitive as a nation if we remain dragged down by our growing debt. So let me talk about debt just for a second. 提高医疗保健的成本效率至关重要，因为同样确实的是，如果我们继续被不断增长的债务拖累，我们作为一个国家就无法保持竞争力。所以让我简单谈谈债务问题。
By the time I took office, we had a one-year deficit of over $1 trillion and projected deficits of $8 trillion over the next decade. Most of this was the result of not paying for two major tax cuts skewed to the wealthy, and a worthy but expensive prescription drug program that wasn't paid for. I always find it interesting that the same people who participated in these decisions are the ones who now charge our Administration with fiscal irresponsibility. 到我上任时，我们有一年超过1万亿美元的赤字，预计未来十年赤字将达8万亿美元。其中大部分是两项偏向富人的大规模减税未予支付，以及一项有价值但昂贵的处方药计划未予支付的结果。我总觉得很有趣的是，参与这些决定的正是那些现在指责本届政府财政不负责任的人。
And the truth is if I had taken office in ordinary times, I would have liked nothing more than to start bringing down the deficits that they created. But we took office amid a crisis, and the effects of the recession put a $3 trillion hole in our budget before I even walked through the door. Additionally, the steps that we had to take to save the economy from depression temporarily added more to the deficit -- by about $1 trillion. Of course, if we had spiraled into a depression, our deficits and debt levels would be much worse. 事实是，如果我是在平常时期上任，我最想做的就是开始削减他们制造的赤字。但我们在危机中上任，经济衰退的影响在我上任之前就在预算中造成了3万亿美元的缺口。此外，我们为拯救经济免于萧条而不得不采取的措施暂时又增加了约1万亿美元的赤字。当然，如果我们真的陷入了萧条，我们的赤字和债务水平会更糟。
Now, the economy is still fragile, so we can't put on the brakes too quickly. We have to do what it takes to ensure a strong recovery. A growing economy will unquestionably improve our fiscal health, as will the steps we take in the short-term to put Americans back to work. 目前经济仍然脆弱，所以我们不能过快踩刹车。我们必须竭尽全力确保强劲的复苏。增长的经济无疑会改善我们的财政状况，我们在短期内为让美国人重返工作岗位所采取的措施也是如此。
And that's why I signed a bill that will provide tax cuts for small businesses that hire unemployed workers. That's why I've urged Congress to pass a small business lending fund so that small businesses can get the credit they need to create jobs and grow. That's why I believe it's critical we extend unemployment insurance for several more months, so that Americans who've been laid off through no fault of their own get the support they need to provide for their families and can maintain their health insurance until they're rehired. 这就是为什么我签署了一项法案，为雇佣失业工人的小企业提供减税。这就是为什么我敦促国会通过小企业贷款基金，让小企业能获得创造就业和发展所需的信贷。这就是为什么我认为将失业保险延长几个月至关重要，这样那些非因自身过错而失业的美国人就能获得供养家庭所需的支持，并在重新就业前维持其医疗保险。
And we have to work with state and local governments to make sure they have the resources to prevent the likely layoffs of hundreds of thousands of public school teachers across the country over the next few months. 我们还必须与州和地方政府合作，确保它们拥有资源，防止未来几个月全国数十万公立学校教师可能遭遇的裁员。
But as we look ahead, we can't lose sight of the urgent need to get our fiscal house in order. There are four key components to putting our budget on a sustainable path. Maintaining economic growth is number one. Health care reform is number two. The third component is the belt-tightening steps I've already outlined to reduce our deficit by $1 trillion. 但展望未来，我们不能忽视整顿财政的迫切需要。要让我们的预算走上可持续之路，有四个关键要素。保持经济增长是第一。医疗保险改革是第二。第三个要素是我已经概述的紧缩措施，将削减1万亿美元的赤字。
Starting in 2011, we will enact a three-year freeze on all discretionary spending outside of national security -- something that was never enacted in the last Administration. We will allow the tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans to expire. We've gone through the budget, line by line, and identified more than 120 programs for elimination. We've restored a simple budgeting rule that every family and business understands called pay-as-you-go. 从2011年开始，我们将对国家安全以外的所有可自由支配支出实施三年冻结——这是上届政府从未做到的。我们将允许针对最富有的美国人的减税政策到期失效。我们逐项审查了预算，确定了120多个要取消的项目。我们恢复了一条每个家庭和企业都懂的简单预算规则，即"量入为出"。
And we will charge the largest Wall Street firms a fee to repay the American people for rescuing them during the financial crisis -- a fee that will bring down the deficit by $90 billion -- a fee that will bring down the deficit by $90 billion over the next decade. By the way, that $90 billion represents about one-eighth of the amount these banks will pay out in bonuses over the same time period in time. 我们还将向最大的华尔街公司收取费用，以偿还美国人民在金融危机期间对它们的救助——这项费用将在未来十年削减900亿美元的赤字——这项费用将在未来十年削减900亿美元的赤字。顺便说一句，这900亿美元大约相当于这些银行在同一时期发放奖金金额的八分之一。
Now, finally, the fourth component in improving our fiscal health is the bipartisan Fiscal Commission that I've established that will provide a specific set of solutions by the fall to deal with our medium- and long-term deficit. And I have to warn you this will not be easy. I know that some like to make the argument that if we would just eliminate pork barrel projects and foreign aid, we could eliminate our deficit. Turns out such spending makes up just 3 percent of our deficit. You combine all foreign aid and all earmarks -- that's 3 percent of our budget. 最后，改善我们财政状况的第四个要素是我设立的两党财政委员会，该委员会将在秋季前提供一套具体方案，以应对我们的中长期赤字。我必须警告你们，这并不容易。我知道有些人喜欢争辩说，只要我们取消猪肉桶项目和对外援助，就能消除赤字。事实证明，这类支出仅占我们赤字的3%。把所有对外援助和所有专项拨款加起来，也只占我们预算的3%。
So meeting the deficit challenge will require some very difficult decisions about the largely popular programs that make up the other 97 percent. It means we'll have to sort through our priorities and figure out what programs that we can do without. 因此，要应对赤字挑战，就需要在那些占其余97%的广受欢迎的项目上做出一些非常艰难的决定。这意味着我们必须梳理优先事项，弄清楚哪些项目是可以没有的。
On this point, I strongly agree with my friends in the other party. What I don't agree with is the notion that we should also sacrifice critical investments in our people and our future. You know, if you're a family who's tightening your belt, you will definitely sacrifice going out to dinner, but you're not going to sacrifice saving for your child's college education. It's precisely our investments in education and innovation that will make America more competitive in the 21st century. And we can't go back; we've got to move forward. 在这一点上，我强烈同意另一党朋友们的看法。我不同意的是我们也应该牺牲对我们人民和未来的关键投资。要知道，如果你是一个正在紧缩开支的家庭，你肯定会放弃外出就餐，但你不会放弃为孩子的大学教育储蓄。正是我们在教育和创新方面的投资将使美国在21世纪更具竞争力。我们不能倒退，我们必须前进。
That's why I've made education reform a top priority -- because countries that out-educate us today will out-compete us tomorrow. And so we want every citizen to have the skills and training they need in a global economy -- from the day that you're born through whatever career you may choose. 这就是为什么我将教育改革列为首要任务——因为今天在教育上超越我们的国家，明天就会在竞争中超越我们。因此，我们希望每个公民都能拥有在全球经济中所需的技能和培训——从出生的那一天起，直到你选择的任何职业。
Last year, we launched a national competition to improve our schools based on a simple idea: Instead of funding the status quo, we will only invest in reform -- reform that raises student achievement, that inspires students to excel in math and science, and turns around failing schools that steal the future of too many young Americans. 去年，我们发起了一项改善学校的全国性竞赛，基于一个简单的理念：我们不再为维持现状提供资金，而是只投资于改革——提高学生成绩的改革，激励学生在数学和科学方面脱颖而出的改革，扭转那些剥夺太多年轻美国人未来的失败学校的改革。
And to achieve my goal of ensuring America once more has the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020, we passed a law that will make college more affordable by ending the unnecessary taxpayer subsidies that go to financial institutions for student loans. That means we're saving billions of dollars that will go directly to students, including students right here at Carnegie Mellon. 为实现我确保美国到2020年再次成为全球大学毕业生比例最高国家的目标，我们通过了一项法律，通过取消金融机构获得的不必要的纳税人学生贷款补贴来降低大学费用。这意味着我们正在节省数十亿美元，这些钱将直接惠及学生，包括卡内基梅隆大学的学生。
It's a bill that will also revitalize our community colleges, which are a career pathway to the children of so many working families. 这项法案还将振兴我们的社区大学，它们是许多工薪家庭子女的职业通途。
In addition to training our workers for the jobs of the future, we're also investing in the innovation that will create those jobs here in America -- the research, the technology, the infrastructure that will secure our economic future. 除了为未来的就业岗位培训工人外，我们还在投资将创造这些就业机会的创新——研究、技术和基础设施将确保我们的经济未来。
Right now, as we speak, the Recovery Act is putting Americans to work building a 21st century America. There's no reason China should have the fastest trains or that rural Pennsylvania should be without high-speed Internet access. We've got to make those investments. From the first railroads to the Interstate Highway System, this nation has always been built to compete. So we're going to invest, and are investing right now, in new infrastructure -- expanding broadband, health information technology, advanced manufacturing facilities, America's first high-speed rail network. 就在此刻，《复苏法案》正在让美国人投入工作，建设21世纪的美国。中国没有理由拥有最快的列车，宾夕法尼亚州农村地区也不应该没有高速互联网接入。我们必须进行这些投资。从最早的铁路到州际公路系统，这个国家始终为竞争而建设。因此，我们将投资，而且正在投资新的基础设施——扩展宽带、医疗信息技术、先进制造设施以及美国首个高速铁路网络。
We're also investing in the ideas and technologies that will lead to new jobs and entire new industries. 我们还在投资将带来新就业岗位和全新产业的理念和技术。
Consider what we've done with clean energy. The tax credits and loan guarantees in the Recovery Act alone will lead to 720,000 clean energy jobs in America by 2012 -- 720,000. I'll give you one example. The United States used to make less than 2 percent of the world's advanced batteries for hybrid cars. By 2015, because of the investments that we made, we'll have enough capacity to make up to 40 percent of these batteries. 想想我们在清洁能源方面所做的事情。仅《复苏法案》中的税收抵免和贷款担保，到2012年就将为美国带来72万个清洁能源就业岗位——72万个。我给你们举一个例子。美国曾经只生产全球不到2%的混合动力汽车高级电池。到2015年，因为我们所做的投资，我们将拥有生产这些电池高达40%的产能。
Now, this brings me to an issue that's on everybody's minds right now -- namely, what kind of energy future can ensure our long-term prosperity. The catastrophe unfolding in the Gulf right now may prove to be a result of human error, or of corporations taking dangerous shortcuts to compromise safety, or a combination of both. And I've launched a National Commission so that the American people will have answers on exactly what happened. 现在，这让我想到一个目前大家都在思考的问题——即什么样的能源未来能够确保我们的长期繁荣。墨西哥湾正在发生的灾难可能是人为失误的结果，也可能是企业为危及安全而走的危险捷径，或者是两者的结合。我已经成立了一个国家委员会，让美国人民能够确切了解到底发生了什么。
But we have to acknowledge that there are inherent risks to drilling four miles beneath the surface of the Earth, and these are risks -- these are risks that are bound to increase the harder oil extraction becomes. We also have to acknowledge that an America run solely on fossil fuels should not be the vision we have for our children and our grandchildren. 但我们必须承认，在地表以下四英里处钻井存在固有风险，而且这些风险——这些风险必然会随着石油开采难度增加而加大。我们还必须承认，一个完全依赖化石燃料的美国不应成为我们为子孙后代所设想的愿景。
We consume more than 20 percent of the world's oil, but have less than 2 percent of the world's oil reserves. So without a major change in our energy policy, our dependence on oil means that we will continue to send billions of dollars of our hard-earned wealth to other countries every month -- including countries in dangerous and unstable regions. In other words, our continued dependence on fossil fuels will jeopardize our national security. It will smother our planet. And it will continue to put our economy and our environment at risk. 我们消耗了世界20%以上的石油，但只有不到2%的世界石油储量。因此，如果不大幅改变我们的能源政策，我们对石油的依赖意味着我们将继续每月将数十亿美元辛苦赚来的财富送到其他国家——包括位于危险和不稳定地区的国家。换言之，我们对化石燃料的持续依赖将危及我们的国家安全。它将使我们的星球窒息。它将继续使我们的经济和环境面临风险。
Now, I understand that we can't end our dependence on fossil fuels overnight. That's why I supported a careful plan of offshore oil production as one part of our overall energy strategy. But we can pursue such production only if it's safe, and only if it's used as a short-term solution while we transition to a clean energy economy. 当然，我理解我们不能一夜之间结束对化石燃料的依赖。这就是为什么我支持将近海石油生产作为我们整体能源战略一部分的审慎计划。但只有在安全的前提下，且仅在我们向清洁能源经济转型期间作为短期解决方案，我们才能进行这样的生产。
And the time has come to aggressively accelerate that transition. The time has come, once and for all, for this nation to fully embrace a clean energy future. Now, that means continuing our unprecedented effort to make everything from our homes and businesses to our cars and trucks more energy-efficient. It means tapping into our natural gas reserves, and moving ahead with our plan to expand our nation's fleet of nuclear power plants. It means rolling back billions of dollars of tax breaks to oil companies so we can prioritize investments in clean energy research and development. 现在是大力加速这一转型的时候了。这个国家是时候一劳永逸地全面拥抱清洁能源的未来了。这意味着要继续我们前所未有的努力，让从家庭和企业到汽车和卡车的所有东西都更加节能。这意味着开发我们的天然气储量，推进我们扩大国家核电站机群的计划。这意味着削减对石油公司数十亿美元的税收优惠，以便我们能优先投资清洁能源研究和开发。
But the only way the transition to clean energy will ultimately succeed is if the private sector is fully invested in this future -- if capital comes off the sidelines and the ingenuity of our entrepreneurs is unleashed. And the only way to do that is by finally putting a price on carbon pollution. 但向清洁能源的转型最终能否成功，唯一的方式是让私营部门全面投资于这一未来——让资本从场外进入市场，让企业家的创造力得以释放。而实现这一目标的唯一途径是最终为碳污染定价。
No, many businesses have already embraced this idea because it provides a level of certainty about the future. And for those that face transition costs, we can help them adjust. But if we refuse to take into account the full costs of our fossil fuel addiction -- if we don't factor in the environmental costs and the national security costs and the true economic costs -- we will have missed our best chance to seize a clean energy future. 事实上，许多企业已经接受了这一理念，因为它为未来提供了一定程度的确定性。对于那些面临转型成本的企业，我们可以帮助它们调整。但如果我们拒绝考虑我们对化石燃料上瘾的全部成本——如果不把环境成本、国家安全成本和真正的经济成本计算在内——我们将错失把握清洁能源未来的最佳机会。
The House of Representatives has already passed a comprehensive energy and climate bill, and there is currently a plan in the Senate -- a plan that was developed with ideas from Democrats and Republicans -- that would achieve the same goal. And, Pittsburgh, I want you to know, the votes may not be there right now, but I intend to find them in the coming months. I will continue to make the case for a clean energy future wherever and whenever I can. I will work with anyone to get this done -- and we will get it done. 众议院已经通过了一项全面的能源和气候法案，目前参议院也有一个方案——一个汇集了民主党和共和党想法的方案——将实现同样的目标。匹兹堡的乡亲们，我想让你们知道，现在可能还没有足够的选票，但我打算在未来几个月内争取到它们。我将继续在每一个可能的场合为清洁能源的未来发声。我将与任何人合作来完成这件事——我们一定会完成它。
The next generation will not be held hostage to energy sources from the last century. We are not going to move backwards. We are going to move forward. 下一代人不会被上个世纪的能源所挟持。我们不会倒退。我们将前进。
This overarching principle -- that we must invest in and embrace the innovation and technology of the future and not the past -- that applies beyond our energy policy. That's why we've decided to devote more than 3 percent of our GDP to research and development -- to spur the discovery of services and products and businesses that we have yet to imagine. 这一首要原则——我们必须投资并拥抱未来的创新和技术，而非过去的——适用于能源政策之外。这就是为什么我们决定将国内生产总值的3%以上用于研究和开发——以推动发现我们尚未想象的服务、产品和企业。
We've proposed making the research and experimentation tax credit permanent -- a tax credit that helps businesses afford the high costs of developing new technologies and new products. Last year, we made the largest investment in basic research funding in history. 我们已提议将研究和实验税收抵免永久化——这项税收抵免帮助企业承担开发新技术和新产品的高昂成本。去年，我们做出了历史上最大规模的基础研究资金投资。
The possibilities of where this research might lead are endless. Imagine a new treatment that kills cancer cells but leaves healthy ones untouched; regenerative medicine that ends the agonizing wait for an organ transplant. Imagine a lightweight vest for soldiers and police officers that can stop armor-piercing bullets; educational software that's as effective and engaging as a personal tutor; intelligent prosthetics that can enable a wounded veteran to play the piano again. And now imagine all the workers and small business owners and consumers who would benefit from these discoveries. 这项研究可能带来的可能性是无穷无尽的。想象一种只杀死癌细胞而保留健康细胞的新疗法；终结器官移植痛苦等待的再生医学。想象一种能让士兵和警察挡住穿甲子弹的轻质背心；像私人导师一样有效且引人入胜的教育软件；能让受伤退伍军人重新弹奏钢琴的智能假肢。再想象一下所有将从这些发现中受益的工人、小企业主和消费者。
We can't know for certain what the future will bring. We can't guess with 100 percent accuracy what industries and innovations will next shape our world. I'm sure there were times when this city couldn't imagine life without steel mills and heavy smog that filled these streets. And when that industry shrank and so many jobs were lost, who could have guessed that Pittsburgh would fare better than many other Rust Belt cities, and reemerge as a center for technology and green jobs, health care, and education? 我们无法确切知道未来会带来什么。我们无法百分之百准确地猜测接下来哪些产业和创新将塑造我们的世界。我确信，曾经有一段时间，这座城市无法想象没有钢铁厂和弥漫街头浓烟的生活。当那个行业萎缩、那么多就业岗位流失时，谁能想到匹兹堡会比许多其他铁锈地带城市表现得更好，并重新崛起为技术、绿色就业、医疗保健和教育的中心？
Who would have thought that the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's logo would one day adorn the U.S. Steel Tower, or that this institute -- Carnegie Mellon -- would be the region's largest employer? 谁会想到匹兹堡大学医学中心的标志有一天会装饰美国钢铁大厦，或者这所学府——卡内基梅隆大学——会成为该地区最大的雇主？
All of this came to be because as a community, you prepared and adapted and invested in a better future -- even if you weren't always sure what that future would look like. 这一切之所以成为现实，是因为作为一个社区，你们准备、适应并投资于一个更美好的未来——即使你们并不总是确定那个未来会是什么样子。
And that's what America does. That's what we've always done. The interests of the status quo will always have the most vocal and powerful defenders at every level of government. There will always be lobbyists for the banks or the insurance industry that doesn't want more regulation; or the corporation that would prefer to see more tax breaks instead of more investments in infrastructure or education. And let's face it -- a lot of us find the prospect of change scary, even when we know the status quo isn't working for us. 这就是美国所做的事。这是我们一直在做的。现状的利益在政府的各个层面总会有最响亮、最强大的捍卫者。总会有为银行或不愿接受更多监管的保险业游说的人；或者宁愿看到更多减税而不是更多基础设施或教育投资的公司。而且让我们面对现实——我们中很多人觉得改变的前景令人害怕，即使我们知道现状对我们并不奏效。
But there's no natural lobby for the clean energy company that may start a few years from now. There's no natural lobby for the research that may lead to a lifesaving medical breakthrough. There's no natural lobby for the student who may not be able to afford a college education, but if they got one could end up making discoveries that would transform America and the world. 但是，对于几年后可能成立的清洁能源公司，没有天然的游说团体。对于可能带来挽救生命的医学突破的研究，没有天然的游说团体。对于可能负担不起大学教育、但如果接受了教育就可能做出改变美国和世界的发现的学生，也没有天然的游说团体。
It's our job as a nation to advocate on behalf of the America that we hope for -- to make decisions that will benefit the next generation -- even if it's not always popular; even if we can't always see those benefits in the short-term. We make decisions like this on behalf of our own children every single day. And while it's harder to do with an entire country as large and diverse as ours, it's no less important. 作为一个国家，我们有责任为我们所期望的美国代言——做出有利于下一代的决定——即使这并不总是受欢迎，即使我们不能总是看到短期效益。我们每天都在代表自己的孩子做这样的决定。虽然在一个像我们这样幅员辽阔、多元的国家做这件事更难，但它同样重要。
The role of government has never been to plan every detail or dictate every outcome. At its best, government has simply knocked away barriers to opportunity and laid the foundation for a better future. Our people -- with all their drive and ingenuity -- always end up building the rest. And if we can do that again -- if we can continue building that foundation and making those hard decisions on behalf of the next generation -- I have no doubt that we will leave our children the America that we all hope for. 政府的角色从来都不是规划每一个细节或指定每一个结果。在最好的状态下，政府只是扫除了机遇的障碍，为更美好的未来奠定基础。我们的人民——凭借他们所有的动力和创造力——最终总会建造其余的一切。如果我们能再次做到这一点——如果我们能继续建设那个基础，并代表下一代做出那些艰难的决定——我毫不怀疑，我们将把我们所期望的美国留给我们的孩子。
Thank you, everybody. God bless you. God bless the United States of America. 谢谢大家。愿上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
