Thank you. Hello, Pittsburgh! It is good to be back. Thank you, Senator Casey, and Mayor Ravenstahl, County Executive Dan Onorato, State Auditor Jack Wagner, and all of you for having me back here at Carnegie Mellon. It is good to be here. 谢谢大家。匹兹堡，你们好！很高兴再次来到这里。感谢凯西参议员、拉文斯塔尔市长、县行政长官丹·奥诺拉托、州审计长杰克·瓦格纳，也感谢各位再次邀请我来到卡内基梅隆大学。很高兴来到这里。
And it seems like every time I'm here I learn something. So, for those of you who are thinking about Carnegie Mellon , it's a terrific place, and you guys are doing just great work. 而且我好像每次来这里都会学到些新东西。所以，如果你们当中有人正在考虑卡内基梅隆大学，它是一所很棒的学校，而你们的工作也做得非常出色。
I just met with folks from some cutting-edge companies and saw some of their inventions here in your National Robotics Engineering Center . But that’s not the only reason I’m here. You might not know this, but one of my responsibilities as Commander-in-Chief is to keep an eye on robots. And I’m pleased to report that the robots you manufacture here seem peaceful -- at least for now. 我刚刚见了几家前沿企业的人，并在你们的国家机器人工程中心看到了他们的一些发明。但这不是我来这里的唯一原因。你们可能不知道，作为三军统帅，我的一项职责就是留意机器人。我很高兴地报告：你们在这里制造的机器人看来很和平——至少目前如此。
This is a city that knows something about manufacturing. For generations of Americans, it was the ticket to a middle-class life. Here and across America's industrial heartland, millions clocked in each day at foundries and on assembly lines to make things. And the stuff we made -- steel, cars, planes -- was the stuff that made America what it is. The jobs were good. 这座城市深谙制造业。对几代美国人而言，制造业曾是通向中产阶层生活的门票。在这里以及美国工业腹地各地，数以百万计的人每天到铸造厂和装配线上打卡上班，制造产品。我们制造的钢铁、汽车和飞机，塑造了今天的美国。这些工作很不错。
They paid enough to own a home, to raise kids, send them to college, to retire. They were jobs that told us something more important than just how much money we made, what was in our paycheck. These jobs also told us that we were meeting our responsibilities to our family and to our neighborhoods, and building our communities, and building our country. 收入足以让人买房、养育子女、供他们上大学，并安享退休。它们告诉我们的，不只是赚了多少钱、工资单上有多少；它们还让我们知道，我们正在对家庭和邻里尽责，正在建设社区，也正在建设国家。
But for better and worse, our generation has been pounded by wave after wave of profound economic change. Revolutions in technology have transformed the way we live and the way we work. Businesses and industries can relocate anywhere in the world, anywhere that there are skilled workers, anywhere that there is an Internet connection. And companies have learned to become more efficient with fewer employees. In Pittsburgh, you know this as well as anybody -- steel mills that once needed a thousand workers now do the same work with a hundred. 但无论好坏，我们这一代人都接连受到深刻经济变革的冲击。技术革命改变了我们的生活方式和工作方式。企业和产业可以迁往世界上任何有熟练劳动力、任何接入互联网的地方。公司也学会了用更少的员工提高效率。在匹兹堡，你们对此再清楚不过：曾经需要一千名工人的钢厂，如今一百人就能完成同样的工作。
And while these changes have resulted in great wealth for some Americans and have drastically increased productivity, they’ve also caused major disruptions for many others. Today, a high school diploma no longer guarantees you a job. Over the past 13 years, about a third of our manufacturing jobs have vanished. And meanwhile, the typical worker’s wages have barely kept up with the rising costs of everything else. And all this was even before a financial crisis and recession that pounded the middle class even more. 这些变化为一些美国人带来了巨大财富，也大幅提高了生产率，但也给许多其他人造成了严重冲击。如今，一张高中文凭已不再保证你能找到工作。过去13年里，我们大约三分之一的制造业岗位消失了。与此同时，普通工人的工资几乎跟不上其他一切不断上涨的成本。而这一切，甚至还发生在金融危机和经济衰退对中产阶层造成更重打击之前。
Now, we’ve made some tough decisions that have turned our economy in a positive direction over the past two years. We’ve created more than 2 million new jobs in the private sector over the past 15 months alone, including almost 250,000 in manufacturing. But we still have to confront those underlying problems. They weren’t caused overnight, and we won’t solve them overnight. But we will solve them. And we’re starting to solve them right here in Pittsburgh, and right here at Carnegie Mellon. 过去两年，我们作出了一些艰难决定，使经济朝着积极方向发展。仅过去15个月，私营部门就创造了200多万个新岗位，其中制造业接近25万个。但我们仍必须直面那些根本问题。它们不是一夜之间造成的，我们也不会在一夜之间解决它们。但我们会解决它们。我们已开始在匹兹堡、在卡内基梅隆大学这里着手解决。
And by the way, that’s why I ran for President. Not just to get us back to where we were -- I ran for President to get us to where we need to be. 顺便说一句，这正是我竞选总统的原因。我竞选总统，不只是为了让我们回到过去的位置，而是为了带我们抵达应当抵达的地方。
I have a larger vision for America -- one where working families feel secure, feel like they are moving forward and that they know that their dreams are within reach; 我对美国有更宏大的愿景：劳动家庭有安全感，感到自己在向前迈进，并且知道梦想触手可及；
an America where our businesses lead the world in new technologies like clean energy; where we work together, Democrats and Republicans, to live within our means, to cut our deficit and debt, but also to invest in what our economy needs to grow -- world-class education, cutting-edge research, and building the best transportation and communication infrastructure anywhere in the world. That’s what it’s going to take for us to win the future. And winning the future begins with getting our economy moving right now. 美国企业在清洁能源等新技术领域引领世界；民主、共和两党共同量入为出，削减赤字和债务，同时投资经济增长所需的一切——世界一流的教育、尖端研究，以及建设全球最好的交通和通信基础设施。这正是我们赢得未来所需要的。而赢得未来，要从现在让经济重新运转开始。
And that’s why we’re here. Carnegie Mellon is a great example of what it means to move forward. At its founding, no one would have imagined that a trade school for the sons and daughters of steelworkers would one day become the region’s largest -- one of the region’s largest employers and a global research university. 这就是我们来到这里的原因。卡内基梅隆大学正是不断前行的典范。建校之初，没人能想到，这所为钢铁工人子女开设的职业学校，有一天会成为本地区最大的雇主之一和一所全球性研究型大学。
And yet, innovations led by your professors and your students have created more than 300 companies and 9,000 jobs over the past 15 years -- companies like Carnegie Robotics. 然而，过去15年里，由你们的教授和学生主导的创新已创造300多家公司和9000个就业岗位，其中就包括卡内基机器人公司这样的企业。
But more important than the ideas that you’ve incubated are what those ideas have become: They’ve become products made right here in America and, in many cases, sold all over the world. And that's in our blood. That's who we are. We are inventors, and we are makers, and we are doers. 但比你们孕育出的创意更重要的，是这些创意后来成为什么：它们变成了就在美国制造、并且在许多情况下销往世界各地的产品。这在我们的血液里，这就是我们。我们是发明者，是制造者，是实干者。
If we want a robust, growing economy, we need a robust, growing manufacturing sector. That’s why we told the auto industry two years ago that if they were willing to adapt, we’d stand by them. Today, they’re profitable, they’re creating jobs, and they’re repaying taxpayers ahead of schedule. 如果我们想要一个强劲、增长的经济，就需要一个强劲、增长的制造业。因此，两年前我们曾对汽车业说：只要他们愿意调整，我们就会支持他们。今天，汽车业已恢复盈利，正在创造就业，并且提前偿还纳税人的资金。
That's why we’ve launched a partnership to retrain workers with new skills. That’s why we’ve invested in clean energy manufacturing and new jobs building wind turbines and solar panels and advanced batteries. We have not run out of stuff to make. We’ve just got to reinvigorate our manufacturing sector so that it leads the world the way it always has -- from paper and steel and cars to new products that we haven’t even dreamed up yet. 这就是为什么我们启动了合作项目，为工人再培训新技能；为什么我们投资清洁能源制造业，并创造制造风力涡轮机、太阳能电池板和先进电池的新工作。我们并没有无物可造。我们只需重振制造业，让它像过去一样引领世界——从纸张、钢铁和汽车，到我们今天甚至尚未设想出来的新产品。
That’s how we’re going to strengthen existing industries; that's how we’re going to spark new ones. That’s how we’re going to create jobs, grow the middle class, and secure our economic leadership. 这样我们才能巩固现有产业，催生新的产业；这样我们才能创造就业、壮大中产阶层，并巩固我们的经济领导力。
And this is why I asked my Council of Advisors on Science and Technology -- what we call PCAST -- a while back to look at the state of American manufacturing and the promise of advanced manufacturing. The concept of advanced manufacturing is not complicated. It means how do we do things better, faster, cheaper to design and manufacture superior products that allow us to compete all over the world. 这也是为什么不久前我请总统科学技术顾问委员会——我们称为PCAST——研究美国制造业的现状和先进制造业的前景。先进制造的概念并不复杂：就是如何以更好、更快、更低成本的方式设计和制造出更优质的产品，使我们能够在全球竞争。
And so these very smart folks, many of whom are represented here, wrote up a report which is now up on the White House website. But we didn't want to just issue a report, we wanted to actually get something done. So we’ve launched an all-hands-on-deck effort between our brightest academic minds, some of our boldest business leaders, and our most dedicated public servants from science and technology agencies, all with one big goal, and that is a renaissance of American manufacturing. 因此，这些非常聪明的人——在座许多人正是其中一员——撰写了一份报告，目前已发布在白宫网站上。但我们不想只发布一份报告，我们想真正做成事情。因此，我们动员了最杰出的学术人才、大胆进取的企业领袖，以及来自科技机构最尽职尽责的公务人员，全力协作，共同追求一个宏大目标：让美国制造业复兴。
We’re calling it AMP, A-M-P -- the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership. It’s made up of some of the most advanced engineering universities, like Carnegie Mellon, Georgia Tech, Stanford, Berkeley, Michigan; some of our most innovative manufacturers, from Johnson & Johnson to Honeywell, Stryker to Allegheny Technologies. I’ve asked Susan Hockfield, the President of MIT, who is here -- there’s Susan -- and Andrew Liveris, the CEO of Dow Chemical -- to lead this partnership, and to work with my own advisors on science, technology and manufacturing. 我们把它称为AMP，即“先进制造伙伴关系”。它汇集了卡内基梅隆、佐治亚理工、斯坦福、伯克利和密歇根等顶尖工程大学，也汇集了从强生、霍尼韦尔、史赛克到阿勒格尼技术公司等最具创新力的制造商。我请今天也在场的麻省理工学院校长苏珊·霍克菲尔德——苏珊就在那边——以及陶氏化学首席执行官安德鲁·利弗里斯领导这一伙伴关系，并同我在科学、技术和制造业方面的顾问一道开展工作。
Throughout our history, our greatest breakthroughs have often come from partnerships just like this one. American innovation has always been sparked by individual scientists and entrepreneurs, often at universities like Carnegie Mellon or Georgia Tech or Berkeley or Stanford. But a lot of companies don’t invest in early ideas because it won’t pay off right away. And that’s where government can step in. 纵观历史，我们最重大的突破往往来自这样的伙伴关系。美国的创新一向由科学家和企业家个人点燃，他们常常来自卡内基梅隆、佐治亚理工、伯克利或斯坦福这样的大学。但许多企业不会投资早期创意，因为它们不会立刻带来回报。这正是政府可以介入之处。
That’s how we ended up with some of the world-changing innovations that fueled our growth and prosperity and created countless jobs -- the mobile phone, the Internet, GPS, more than 150 drugs and vaccines over the last 40 years was all because we were able to, in strategic ways, bring people together and make some critical investments. 正是因为我们能够有策略地把人们组织起来、作出关键投资，才有了推动增长与繁荣、创造无数就业、改变世界的创新：移动电话、互联网、全球定位系统，以及过去40年里的150多种药物和疫苗。
I’ll take one example. The National Science Foundation helped fund Stanford’s Digital Library Project in the 1990s. The idea was to develop a universal digital library that anybody could access. So two enterprising Ph.D. students got excited about the research that was being done at Stanford -- this is funded by NSF. So these two Ph.D. students, they moved from campus to a friend’s garage, and they launched this company called Google . And when the private sector runs with the ball, it then leads to jobs, building and selling, that is successful all over the world. 我举一个例子。20世纪90年代，国家科学基金会资助了斯坦福大学的数字图书馆项目，目标是开发一个任何人都能访问的通用数字图书馆。两名富有进取心的博士生对斯坦福正在进行的研究产生了兴趣——这项研究由国家科学基金会资助。他们从校园搬进朋友的车库，创办了名为谷歌的公司。私营部门一旦接过这根接力棒，便能在全球范围内创造就业、生产和销售。
This new partnership that we’ve created will make sure tomorrow’s breakthroughs are American breakthroughs. We’re teaming up to foster the kind of collaborative R&D that resulted in those same early discoveries, and to create the kind of innovation infrastructure necessary to get ideas from the drawing board to the manufacturing floor to the market more rapidly -- all of which will make our businesses more competitive and create new, high-quality manufacturing jobs. 我们创建的这一新伙伴关系，将确保明天的突破是美国的突破。我们将携手促进带来早期发现的那种协同研发，并建设所需的创新基础设施，让创意更快地从图纸走向制造车间，再走向市场——这一切都会提高企业竞争力，并创造新的高质量制造业岗位。
Now, to help businesses operate at less cost, the Energy Department will develop new manufacturing processes and materials that use half as much energy. That will free up more money for companies to hire new workers or buy new equipment. 为帮助企业以更低成本运营，能源部将开发能耗减半的新制造工艺和材料。这样企业就能腾出更多资金雇用新员工或购买新设备。
To help businesses discover, develop, and deploy new materials twice as fast, we’re launching what we call the Materials Genome Initiative . The invention of silicon circuits and lithium-ion batteries made computers and iPods and iPads possible -- but it took years to get those technologies from the drawing board to the marketplace. We can do it faster. 为帮助企业以两倍速度发现、开发和部署新材料，我们正在启动“材料基因组计划”。硅电路和锂离子电池的发明，使计算机、iPod和iPad成为可能；但这些技术从图纸走向市场花了许多年。我们可以做得更快。
To help everyone from factory workers to astronauts carry out more complicated tasks, NASA and other agencies will support research into next-generation robotics. 为帮助从工厂工人到宇航员在内的每个人完成更复杂的任务，美国国家航空航天局和其他机构将支持下一代机器人研究。
And I just met with folks from a local company, RedZone Robotics , who make robots that explore water and sewer pipes. And I have to say, it is fascinating stuff, when you watch -- the robot is about this big. It can go through any sewer system. It’s operated remotely by the municipal worker. It’s got a camera attached so it can film everything that it’s seeing. It then transmits the data. It goes into a citywide database, and can enhance the productivity of these workers by three or fourfold, and help the city make even better decisions. 我刚刚见了本地公司红区机器人的人员，他们制造用于探查供水管和下水道管道的机器人。我要说，看它工作实在很有意思——机器人就这么大，能穿过任何下水道系统。市政工人可远程操控它；它带有摄像头，能拍下所见的一切，再传回数据。数据进入全市数据库后，可使这些工人的效率提高三四倍，也帮助城市作出更好的决策。
Potentially this can save cities millions in infrastructure costs. Companies also are training new workers to operate the robots, and analysts to pore through the data that’s being collected. 这有可能为城市节省数百万美元的基础设施成本。企业也正在培训新工人操作这些机器人，并培训分析人员细查所收集的数据。
To help smaller manufacturers compete, federal agencies are working with private companies to make powerful, often unaffordable modeling and simulation software easier to access. 为帮助较小的制造商参与竞争，联邦机构正与私营企业合作，使功能强大但往往价格高昂、难以负担的建模和仿真软件更容易获得。
And I just saw an example. A few years ago, Procter & Gamble teamed up with the researchers at Los Alamos National Labs to adapt software developed for war to figure out what’s happening with nuclear particles, and they are using these simulators to dramatically boost the performance of diapers. Yes, diapers. Folks chuckle, but those who’ve been parents -- are always on the lookout for indestructible, military-grade diapers. 我刚刚看到了一个例子。几年前，宝洁公司与洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的研究人员合作，改造原本用于研究核粒子活动的军事软件，并用这些模拟器显著提升纸尿裤的性能。是的，纸尿裤。大家会发笑，但当过父母的人总会寻找坚不可摧、军用级别的纸尿裤。
But here’s what’s remarkable: Using this simulation software that was developed at Los Alamos, Procter & Gamble has saved 500 million dollars -- half a billion dollars -- as a consequence of this simulator. Now, through the new partnership that we’re setting up, Procter & Gamble is offering its powerful fluid dynamics simulator to smaller manufacturers, and it’s doing it for free. 但更令人惊叹的是：借助洛斯阿拉莫斯开发的这套仿真软件，宝洁公司已节省5亿美元。现在，通过我们正在建立的新伙伴关系，宝洁正免费向较小的制造商提供其强大的流体动力学模拟器。
Now, this is not just because Procter & Gamble wants to do good. It’s also they’ve got thousands of suppliers, and they're thinking to themselves, if we can apply this simulation technology to our smaller suppliers they're going to be able to make their products cheaper and better, then that, in turn, is going to save us even more money. And it has a ripple effect throughout the economy. 这不只是因为宝洁想做好事。它还拥有数千家供应商，并在想：如果能把这项仿真技术应用到较小的供应商身上，他们就能以更低成本制造更好的产品，进而又能为宝洁节省更多资金。它会在整个经济中产生连锁效应。
Starting this summer, federal agencies will partner with industries to boost manufacturing in areas critical to our national security. I just saw an example backstage. The Defense Department scientists -- we call it DARPA -- the folks who brought us stealth technology and, by the way, who brought us the Internet -- wanted to see if it was possible to design defense systems cheaper and faster. So they found a small company in Arizona called Local Motors , and they gave them a test: You have one month to design a new combat support vehicle, and you’ve got three months to build it. 从今年夏天开始，联邦机构将与产业界合作，推动对国家安全至关重要领域的制造业发展。我刚才在后台看到了一个例子。国防部的科学家——我们称之为DARPA，即国防高级研究计划局——这些人带来了隐身技术，顺便说一句，也带来了互联网——想看看能否以更低成本、更快速度设计防御系统。于是他们找到亚利桑那州一家名为Local Motors的小公司，给它出了一道题：用一个月设计一辆新的战斗支援车辆，再用三个月把它造出来。
Their CEO, Jay Rogers, is here today, and as an ex-Marine who lost a couple of buddies in combat, understood the importance of increasing the speed and adaptability and flexibility of our manufacturing process for vehicles that are used in theater. 该公司的首席执行官杰伊·罗杰斯今天也在场。他曾是海军陆战队员，在战斗中失去过几位战友，因此深知提高战区用车辆制造流程的速度、适应性和灵活性有多么重要。
So Local Motors solicited design ideas on their website, chose the best out of 162 that it received, built and brought this new vehicle here ahead of schedule. We just took a look at it. 于是，Local Motors在网站上征集设计方案，从收到的162份方案中选出最佳者，提前造好并把这辆新车带到这里。我们刚刚看过它。
Not only could this change the way the government uses your tax dollars -- because think about it, instead of having a 10-year lead time to develop a piece of equipment with all kinds of changing specs and a moving target, if we were able to collapse the pace at which that manufacturing takes place, that could save taxpayers billions of dollars. 它不仅可能改变政府使用你们税款的方式——想想看，过去开发一件装备往往需要10年准备期，技术指标不断变化、目标也不断移动；如果我们能压缩制造所需时间，就能为纳税人节省数十亿美元。
But it also could get products out to theater faster, which could save lives more quickly, and could then be used to transfer into the private sector more rapidly, which means we could get better products and services that we can sell and export around the world. So it’s good for American companies. It’s good for American jobs. It’s good for taxpayers. And it may save some lives in places like Afghanistan for our soldiers. 它还可以更快把产品送到战区，从而更早挽救生命；随后也能更快转入私营领域，这意味着我们可以获得更好的产品和服务，销往并出口到世界各地。因此，它有利于美国企业，有利于美国就业，有利于纳税人，也可能在阿富汗等地挽救我们士兵的生命。
So that’s what this is all about. As futuristic and, let’s face it, as cool as some of this stuff is, as much as we are planning for America’s future, this partnership is about new, cutting-edge ideas to create new jobs, spark new breakthroughs, reinvigorate American manufacturing today. Right now. Not somewhere off in the future -- right now. 这就是这一切的意义。无论这些东西多么具有未来感——说实话，多么酷——无论我们多么是在为美国的未来筹划，这一伙伴关系都关乎用新的前沿理念，在今天重振美国制造业、创造新的就业、激发新的突破。就是现在，不是在遥远的未来，而是现在。
It’s about making sure our workers and businesses have the skills and the tools they need to compete better, faster, and smarter than anybody else. That's what we’re about. We are America, and we don’t just keep up with changing times, we set the pace for changing times. We adapt; we innovate; we lead the way forward. 它关乎确保我们的工人和企业拥有所需的技能和工具，以比任何人更好、更快、更聪明的方式竞争。这就是我们的使命。我们是美国；我们不只是跟上时代的变化，我们还为时代变化定下节奏。我们适应变化；我们创新；我们引领前行。
It’s worth remembering, there was a time when steel was about as advanced as manufacturing got. But when the namesake of this university, Andrew Carnegie -- an immigrant, by the way -- discovered new ways to mass-produce steel cheaply, everything changed. Just 20 years after founding his company, not only was it the largest, most profitable in the world, America had become the number one steelmaker in the world. 值得记住的是，曾有一个时代，钢铁几乎就是制造业所能达到的最先进水平。但当这所大学的同名人安德鲁·卡内基——顺便说一句，他是一位移民——发现廉价大规模生产钢铁的新方法时，一切都改变了。公司创立仅20年后，它不仅成为世界上规模最大、利润最高的公司，美国也成为世界第一大钢铁生产国。
Now, imagine if America was first to develop and mass-produce a new treatment that kills cancer cells but leaves healthy ones untouched; or solar cells you can brush onto a house for the same cost as paint; or flexible display soldiers -- flexible displays that soldiers can wear on their arms; or a car that drives itself. Imagine how many workers and businesses and consumers would prosper from those breakthroughs. 现在，设想一下：如果美国率先开发并量产一种能杀死癌细胞却不伤害健康细胞的新疗法；或者一种可像刷油漆一样涂在房屋上、成本与油漆相当的太阳能电池；或者士兵可佩戴在手臂上的柔性显示屏；又或者一辆自动驾驶汽车。想想会有多少工人、企业和消费者从这些突破中受益。
Those things aren’t science fiction -- they’re real. They’re being developed and deployed in labs and factories and on test tracks right now. They sprang from the imagination of students and scientists and entrepreneurs like all of you. And the purpose of this partnership is to prove that the United States of America has your back, is going to be supporting you -- because that’s the kind of adventurous, pioneering spirit that we need right now. 这些不是科幻小说，它们是真实的。它们现在正在实验室、工厂和试验跑道上被开发和部署。它们源自像在座各位这样的学生、科学家和企业家的想象力。这一伙伴关系的目的，就是证明美利坚合众国会支持你们、会为你们撑腰——因为当下正需要这样的冒险精神和开拓精神。
That’s the spirit that’s given us the tools and toughness to overcome every obstacle and adapt to every circumstance. And if we remember that spirit, if we combine our creativity, our innovation, and our optimism, if we come together in common cause, as we've done so many times before, then we will thrive again. We will get to where we need to be. And we will make this century the American century just like the last one was. 正是这种精神，赋予我们克服一切障碍、适应各种环境的工具和韧性。如果我们铭记这种精神，把创造力、创新力和乐观精神结合起来，如果我们像过去无数次那样为共同目标团结起来，我们就会再次繁荣。我们会到达应到之处。我们会让这个世纪像上个世纪一样，成为美国的世纪。
Thank you very much, everybody. 非常感谢大家。
God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你们。
And God bless the United States of America. 愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
