It is wonderful to be back at Georgetown. 很高兴回到乔治城。有一些人需要感谢。首先，我要感谢德乔亚校长在这里的杰出领导，以及他的热情款待。我们还有能源部长朱棣文在这里。朱棣文在哪里？他在那边。内政部长肯·萨拉查。农业部长汤姆·维尔萨克。交通部长雷·拉胡德。环保署署长丽莎·杰克逊。
We've got a number of acknowledgements. First of all, I just want to thank President DeGioia for his outstanding leadership here, but also for his hospitality. 环境质量委员会主任南希·萨特利就在这里。还有几位优秀的国会议员——华盛顿州众议员杰伊·因斯利。杰伊在哪里？他在那边。新泽西州的拉什·霍尔特也在这里。
We also have here Secretary Steven Chu, my Energy Secretary. Where is Steven? There he is over there. Secretary Ken Salazar of the Interior Department. Secretary Tom Vilsack, our Agriculture Secretary. Ray LaHood, our Transportation Secretary. Lisa Jackson, our EPA Administrator. Nancy Sutley, who is our Council on Environmental Quality director, right here. 我们还有——他没有把天气带来——但洛杉矶市长安东尼奥·维拉莱戈萨在这里。亚利桑那州梅萨市市长斯科特·史密斯也在这里。最重要的是，乔治城大学的学生们在这里。我想从一个艰难的话题开始：霍亚队经历了一场惨痛的失利，教练。教练也在这里，我热爱汤普森教练。我热爱他的父亲和他们传承的伟大传统。事实证明VCU很强。
A couple of great members of Congress -- Congressman Jay Inslee of Washington. Where's Jay? There he is over there. And Rush Holt of New Jersey is here. We've got -- he didn't bring the weather with him -- but the mayor of Los Angeles, Antonio Villaraigosa, is in the house. Mayor Scott Smith of Mesa, Arizona, is here. 我在我的竞猜表中预测乔治城会赢那场比赛，所以我们都很受伤。但这就是明年存在的意义。我们在世界动荡的时刻相聚在这里。在短短几个月内，我们看到了政权被推翻。我们看到民主在北非和中东扎根。
And most importantly, the students of Georgetown University are in the house. 我们目睹了一场可怕的地震、一场灾难性的海啸、一场核紧急事件，这些打击了我们最强大的盟友之一和最亲密的朋友，世界第三大经济体。
I want to start with a difficult subject: The Hoyas had a tough loss, Coach. Coach is here, too, and I love Coach Thompson. I love his dad and the great tradition that they've had. And it turned out VCU was pretty good. I had Georgetown winning that game in my bracket, so we're all hurting here. But that's what next year is for. 我们在利比亚领导了一项国际努力，以防止大屠杀并在整个地区维持稳定。作为美国人，我们为这些事件中失去的生命感到心碎。我们对许多国家对自由的渴望深受感动，我们被日本人民的力量和毅力所感动。
We meet here at a tumultuous time for the world. In a matter of months, we've seen regimes toppled. We've seen democracy take root in North Africa and in the Middle East. We've witnessed a terrible earthquake, a catastrophic tsunami, a nuclear emergency that has battered one of our strongest allies and closest friends in the world's third-largest economy. We've led an international effort in Libya to prevent a massacre and maintain stability throughout the broader region. 我认为，对这一切对我们意味着什么感到焦虑是很自然的。一个令人担忧的重要领域是我们能源的成本和安全。显然，中东局势影响着我们的能源安全。日本的局势让我们对能源来源提出疑问。
And as Americans, we're heartbroken by the lives that have been lost as a result of these events. We're deeply moved by the thirst for freedom in so many nations, and we're moved by the strength and the perseverance of the Japanese people. And it's natural, I think, to feel anxious about what all of this means for us. 在一个严重依赖石油的经济中，加油站价格上涨影响着每个人——工人、农民、卡车司机、餐馆老板、有幸拥有一辆车的学生。企业看到加油站价格上涨影响了他们的利润。
And one big area of concern has been the cost and security of our energy. Obviously, the situation in the Middle East implicates our energy security. The situation in Japan leads us to ask questions about our energy sources. 家庭在加油时感受到压力。对于那些已经在挣扎求生的美国人来说，汽油价格上涨确实让他们的生活更加艰难。这很痛苦。如果你是一个从事相对低薪工作的人，而且你必须通勤上班，这会占据你收入的很大一部分。你可能无法购买那么多杂货。你可能不得不削减药品开支来加油。
In an economy that relies so heavily on oil, rising prices at the pump affect everybody -- workers, farmers, truck drivers, restaurant owners, students who are lucky enough to have a car. Businesses see rising prices at the pump hurt their bottom line. Families feel the pinch when they fill up their tank. And for Americans that are already struggling to get by, a hike in gas prices really makes their lives that much harder. It hurts. 所以这是每个人都会受到影响的事情。现在，问题是——我们以前经历过这种情况。记得就在三年前，汽油价格超过了每加仑4美元。我记得，因为我当时正处于总统竞选期间。
If you're somebody who works in a relatively low-wage job and you've got to commute to work, it takes up a big chunk of your income. You may not be able to buy as many groceries. You may have to cut back on medicines in order to fill up the gas tank. So this is something that everybody is affected by. 工薪阶层当然记得，因为这对很多人打击很大。因为我们正处于政治季节的高峰期，有各种各样的口号、噱头和愤怒的政客——他们挥舞着每加仑2美元汽油的三点计划。
Now, here's the thing -- we have been down this road before. Remember, it was just three years ago that gas prices topped $4 a gallon. I remember because I was in the middle of a presidential campaign. Working folks certainly remember because it hit a lot of people pretty hard. And because we were at the height of political season, you had all kinds of slogans and gimmicks and outraged politicians -- they were waving their three-point plans for $2 a gallon gas. You remember that -- "drill, baby, drill" -- and we were going through all that. 你记得那个——"钻吧，宝贝，钻吧"——我们当时都在经历那些。那些都不能真正解决问题。有很多喧嚣、很多愤怒和焦虑，但什么都没发生。
And none of it was really going to do anything to solve the problem. There was a lot of hue and cry, a lot of fulminating and hand-wringing, but nothing actually happened. Imagine that in Washington. 想象一下在华盛顿发生这种事。事实上，这些噱头、这些口号都没有任何意义。当汽油价格最终下降时，主要是因为全球经济衰退导致对石油的需求减少。企业生产减少；石油需求下降；价格下降。
The truth is, none of these gimmicks, none of these slogans made a bit of difference. When gas prices finally did fall, it was mostly because the global recession had led to less demand for oil. Companies were producing less; the demand for petroleum went down; prices went down. Now that the economy is recovering, demand is back up. Add the turmoil in the Middle East, and it's not surprising that oil prices are higher. And every time the price of a barrel of oil on the world market rises by $10, a gallon of gas goes up by about 25 cents. 现在经济正在复苏，需求又回升了。加上中东的动荡，油价上涨并不奇怪。每当世界市场上的油价每桶上涨10美元，每加仑汽油就会上涨约25美分。
The point is the ups and downs in gas prices historically have tended to be temporary. But when you look at the long-term trends, there are going to be more ups in gas prices than downs in gas prices. And that's because you've got countries like India and China that are growing at a rapid clip, and as 2 billion more people start consuming more goods -- they want cars just like we've got cars; they want to use energy to make their lives a little easier just like we've got -- it is absolutely certain that demand will go up a lot faster than supply. It's just a fact. 关键是，汽油价格的历史波动往往是暂时的。但当你看长期趋势时，汽油价格的上涨会多于下跌。这是因为像印度和中国这样的国家正在快速增长，随着20亿人开始消费更多商品——他们想要汽车就像我们有汽车一样；
So here's the bottom line: There are no quick fixes. Anybody who tells you otherwise isn't telling you the truth. And we will keep on being a victim to shifts in the oil market until we finally get serious about a long-term policy for a secure, affordable energy future. 他们想要使用能源让生活更轻松就像我们一样——需求肯定会比供应增长得快得多。这只是事实。所以底线是：没有快速解决方案。任何告诉你相反情况的人都不是在说实话。在我们最终认真对待长期政策以实现安全、可负担的能源未来之前，我们将继续成为石油市场变化的受害者。
We're going to have to think long term, which is why I came here, to talk to young people here at Georgetown, because you have more of a stake in us getting our energy policy right than just about anybody. 我们必须进行长期思考，这就是我来这里的原因，与乔治城的年轻人交谈，因为你们在能源政策正确方面比几乎任何人都更有利害关系。现在，有一个令人担忧的来源。我们几十年来一直知道依赖石油的危险。理查德·尼克松谈过摆脱对外国石油的依赖。从那时起的每一位总统都谈过摆脱对外国石油的依赖。
Now, here's a source of concern, though. We've known about the dangers of our oil dependence for decades. Richard Nixon talked about freeing ourselves from dependence on foreign oil. And every President since that time has talked about freeing ourselves from dependence on foreign oil. Politicians of every stripe have promised energy independence, but that promise has so far gone unmet. 各种政治家都承诺过能源独立，但这个承诺至今未实现。我在竞选总统时谈过减少美国对石油的依赖，我为我们过去两年在这方面取得的历史性进展感到自豪，我们会稍微谈谈这个。但我必须诚实。
I talked about reducing America's dependence on oil when I was running for President, and I'm proud of the historic progress that we've made over the last two years towards that goal, and we'll talk about that a little bit. But I've got to be honest. We've run into the same political gridlock, the same inertia that has held us back for decades. 我们遇到了同样的政治僵局，同样的惰性，这些阻碍了我们几十年。这必须改变。这必须改变。我们不能继续从汽油价格上涨时的震惊到价格回落时的恍惚——我们继续做同样的事情，直到下一次价格飙升，然后我们再次震惊。
That has to change. That has to change. We cannot keep going from shock when gas prices go up to trance when they go back down -- we go back to doing the same things we've been doing until the next time there's a price spike, and then we're shocked again. We can't rush to propose action when gas prices are high and then hit the snooze button when they fall again. We can't keep on doing that. 我们不能在汽油价格高时匆忙提出行动，然后在价格再次下跌时按下贪睡按钮。我们不能继续这样做。美利坚合众国无法承受将其长期繁荣和长期安全押注在一种终将枯竭的资源上，甚至在枯竭之前，从地下开采会越来越昂贵。
The United States of America cannot afford to bet our long-term prosperity, our long-term security on a resource that will eventually run out, and even before it runs out will get more and more expensive to extract from the ground. We can't afford it when the costs to our economy, our country, and our planet are so high. Not when your generation needs us to get this right. It's time to do what we can to secure our energy future. 当对我们经济、国家和地球的成本如此之高时，我们承受不起。不是在你们这一代需要我们做对的时候。现在是时候为我们的能源安全未来做我们能做的事情了。
And today, I want to announce a new goal, one that is reasonable, one that is achievable, and one that is necessary. 今天，我想宣布一个新的目标，一个合理的、可实现的、必要的目标。当我当选这个职位时，美国每天进口1100万桶石油。从现在起十多年一点，我们将把这个数字减少三分之一。这是我们可以实现的目标。
When I was elected to this office, America imported 11 million barrels of oil a day. By a little more than a decade from now, we will have cut that by one-third. That is something that we can achieve. We can cut our oil dependence -- we can cut our oil dependence by a third. 我们可以减少对石油的依赖——我们可以将石油依赖减少三分之一。我设定这个目标时知道我们仍然需要进口一些石油。在替代能源策略完全生效之前，它将在相当长的时间内仍然是我们能源组合的重要部分。
I set this goal knowing that we're still going to have to import some oil. It will remain an important part of our energy portfolio for quite some time, until we've gotten alternative energy strategies fully in force. And when it comes to the oil we import from other nations, obviously we've got to look at neighbors like Canada and Mexico that are stable and steady and reliable sources. We also have to look at other countries like Brazil. Part of the reason I went down there is to talk about energy with the Brazilians. 当我们从其他国家进口石油时，显然我们需要看看像加拿大和墨西哥这样稳定、可靠、值得信赖的邻国。我们还需要看看像巴西这样的国家。
They recently discovered significant new oil reserves, and we can share American technology and know-how with them as they develop these resources. 我去那里的部分原因是与巴西人讨论能源问题。他们最近发现了重要的新石油储备，我们可以在他们开发这些资源时分享美国的技术和专业知识。
But our best opportunities to enhance our energy security can be found in our own backyard -- because we boast one critical, renewable resource that the rest of the world can't match: American ingenuity. American ingenuity, American know-how. 但我们增强能源安全的最佳机会可以在我们自己的后院找到——因为我们拥有一个关键的、可再生的资源，世界其他地方无法匹敌：美国人的聪明才智。
To make ourselves more secure, to control our energy future, we're going to have to harness all of that ingenuity. It's a task we won't be finished with by the end of my presidency, or even by the end of the next presidency. But if we continue the work that we've already begun over the last two years, we won't just spark new jobs, industries and innovations -- we will leave your generation and future generations with a country that is safer, that is healthier, and that's more prosperous. 美国人的聪明才智，美国人的专业知识。为了让我们更安全，控制我们的能源未来，我们将不得不利用所有这些聪明才智。这不是我在总统任期结束时能完成的任务，甚至在下一任总统任期结束时也完不成。
So today, my administration is releasing a Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future that outlines a comprehensive national energy policy, one that we've been pursuing since the day I took office. And cutting our oil dependence by a third is part of that plan. 但如果我们继续过去两年已经开始的工作，我们不仅会激发新的就业机会、产业和创新——我们还将留给你们这一代和未来几代人一个更安全、更健康、更繁荣的国家。
Here at Georgetown, I'd like to talk in broad strokes about how we can achieve these goals. 所以今天，我的政府发布了一份《安全能源未来蓝图》，概述了一项全面的国家能源政策，这是我们从上任第一天起就一直在追求的政策。将石油依赖减少三分之一是该计划的一部分。在乔治城，我想大致谈谈我们如何实现这些目标。现在，实现减少石油依赖的目标主要取决于两件事：首先，在国内寻找和生产更多石油；其次，通过更清洁的替代燃料和更高的效率减少我们对石油的总体依赖。
Now, meeting the goal of cutting our oil dependence depends largely on two things: first, finding and producing more oil at home; second, reducing our overall dependence on oil with cleaner alternative fuels and greater efficiency. 这首先要继续增加美国的石油供应。即使对那些有兴趣看到我们减少对化石燃料依赖的人来说——我知道年轻人对气候变化等问题有多么热情——事实是，在相当长一段时间内，美国在经济运行中仍然依赖石油。
This begins by continuing to increase America's oil supply. Even for those of you who are interested in seeing a reduction in our dependence on fossil fuels -- and I know how passionate young people are about issues like climate change -- the fact of the matter is, is that for quite some time, America is going to be still dependent on oil in making its economy work. 去年，美国石油产量达到了2003年以来的最高水平。十多年来，我们进口的石油首次不到我们消耗的液体燃料的一半。这是一个好趋势。
Now, last year, American oil production reached its highest level since 2003. And for the first time in more than a decade, oil we imported accounted for less than half of the liquid fuel we consumed. So that was a good trend. To keep reducing that reliance on imports, my administration is encouraging offshore oil exploration and production -- as long as it's safe and responsible. 为了继续减少对进口的依赖，我的政府正在鼓励海上石油勘探和生产——只要它是安全和负责任的。我想这里没有人忘记去年发生的事情，我们不得不应对我国历史上最大的石油泄漏。我知道墨西哥湾沿岸的一些渔民没有忘记。
I don't think anybody here has forgotten what happened last year, where we had to deal with the largest oil spill in our history. I know some of the fishermen down in the Gulf Coast haven't forgotten it. And what we learned from that disaster helped us put in place smarter standards of safety and responsibility. For example, if you're going to drill in deepwater, you've got to prove before you start drilling that you can actually contain an underwater spill. That's just common sense. 我们从那场灾难中学到的教训帮助我们制定了更明智的安全和责任标准。例如，如果你要在深水区钻探，你必须在开始钻探之前证明你确实能够控制水下泄漏。这只是常识。
And lately, we've been hearing folks saying, well, the Obama administration, they put restrictions on how oil companies operate offshore. Well, yes, because we just spent all that time, energy and money trying to clean up a big mess. And I don't know about you, but I don't have amnesia. I remember these things. And I think it was important for us to make sure that we prevent something like that from happening again. 最近，我们听到有人说，奥巴马政府对石油公司的海上运营施加了限制。是的，因为我们刚刚花了那么多时间、精力和金钱来清理一个大烂摊子。
Now, today, we're working to expedite new drilling permits for companies that meet these higher standards. Since they were put in, we've approved 39 new shallow-water permits; we've approved seven deepwater permits in recent weeks. When it comes to drilling offshore, my administration approved more than two permits last year for every new well that the industry started to drill. So any claim that my administration is responsible for gas prices because we've "shut down" oil production, any claim like that is simply untrue. 我不知道你们怎么想，但我没有失忆。我记得这些事情。我认为对我们来说，确保防止类似事件再次发生是很重要的。今天，我们正在努力为符合这些更高标准的公司加快新的钻探许可。自从这些标准实施以来，我们已经批准了39个新的浅水许可；最近几周我们批准了七个深水许可。
It might make for a useful sound bite, but it doesn't track with reality. 在海上钻探方面，我的政府去年批准的许可数量是行业开始钻探的新井数量的两倍多。所以任何声称我的政府因为"关闭"石油生产而导致汽油价格上涨的说法，都是完全不真实的。
What is true is we've said if you're going to drill offshore you've got to have a plan to make sure that we don't have the kind of catastrophe that we had last year. And I don't think that there's anybody who should dispute that that's the right strategy to pursue. 这可能是一个有用的新闻片段，但与现实不符。事实是，我们说过，如果你要在海上钻探，你必须有一个计划，确保我们不会发生去年那样的灾难。我认为没有人应该质疑这是正确的策略。
Moreover, we're actually pushing the oil industry to take advantage of the opportunities that they've already got. Right now the industry holds tens of millions of acres of leases where they're not producing a single drop. They're just sitting on supplies of American energy that are ready to be tapped. That's why part of our plan is to provide new and better incentives that promote rapid, responsible development of these resources. 此外，我们实际上正在推动石油行业利用他们已经拥有的机会。现在，行业持有数千万英亩的租约，但没有生产一滴石油。他们只是坐拥准备开发的美国能源供应。
We're also exploring and assessing new frontiers for oil and gas development from Alaska to the Mid- and South Atlantic states, because producing more oil in America can help lower oil prices, can help create jobs, and can enhance our energy security, but we've got to do it in the right way. 这就是为什么我们计划的一部分是提供新的、更好的激励措施，促进这些资源的快速、负责任的开发。我们还在从阿拉斯加到中大西洋和南大西洋各州探索和评估石油和天然气开发的新领域，因为在美国生产更多石油可以帮助降低油价，帮助创造就业机会，并增强我们的能源安全，但我们必须以正确的方式来做。
Now, even if we increase domestic oil production, that is not going to be the long-term solution to our energy challenge. I give out this statistic all the time, and forgive me for repeating it again: America holds about 2 percent of the world's proven oil reserves. What that means is, is that even if we drilled every drop of oil out of every single one of the reserves that we possess -- offshore and onshore -- it still wouldn't be enough to meet our long-term needs. We consume about 25 percent of the world's oil. We only have 2 percent of the reserves. Even if we doubled U.S. 现在，即使我们增加国内石油生产，这也不会是我们能源挑战的长期解决方案。我一直在给出这个统计数据，请原谅我再次重复：美国拥有世界已探明石油储量的约2%。
oil production, we're still really short. 这意味着，即使我们从我们拥有的每一个储备中——海上和陆上——开采出每一滴石油，仍然不足以满足我们的长期需求。我们消耗世界石油的约25%。我们只有2%的储量。
So the only way for America's energy supply to be truly secure is by permanently reducing our dependence on oil. We're going to have to find ways to boost our efficiency so we use less oil. We've got to discover and produce cleaner, renewable sources of energy that also produce less carbon pollution, which is threatening our climate. And we've got to do it quickly. 即使我们将美国石油产量翻倍，我们仍然非常短缺。所以，美国能源供应真正安全的唯一途径是永久减少我们对石油的依赖。我们将不得不想办法提高效率，减少石油使用。
Now, in terms of new sources of energy, we have a few different options. The first is natural gas. Recent innovations have given us the opportunity to tap large reserves -- perhaps a century's worth of reserves, a hundred years worth of reserves -- in the shale under our feet. But just as is true in terms of us extracting oil from the ground, we've got to make sure that we're extracting natural gas safely, without polluting our water supply. 我们必须发现和生产更清洁、可再生的能源，这些能源也能产生更少的碳污染，这些污染正在威胁我们的气候。我们必须迅速行动。现在，就新能源而言，我们有几个不同的选择。第一个是天然气。最近的创新给了我们开发大量储备的机会——也许是一个世纪的储量，一百年的储量——就在我们脚下的页岩中。
That's why I've asked Secretary Chu, my Energy Secretary, to work with other agencies, the natural gas industry, states, and environmental experts to improve the safety of this process. And Chu is the right guy to do this. He's got a Nobel Prize in physics. He actually deserved his Nobel Prize. 但就像从地下开采石油一样，我们必须确保安全地开采天然气，不会污染我们的供水。这就是为什么我要求能源部长朱棣文与其他机构、天然气行业、州和环境专家合作，提高这个过程的安全性。朱棣文是做这件事的合适人选。他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
And this is the kind of thing that he likes to do for fun on the weekend. He goes into his garage and he tinkers around and figures out how to extract natural gas. 他确实配得上他的诺贝尔奖。这是他周末喜欢做的事情。他走进车库，摆弄一下，研究如何开采天然气。我要让他更尴尬。去年，当我们试图弄清楚如何封堵时，我派朱棣文去坐在BP办公室里，他基本上设计了最终奏效的封堵装置，他画出了规格，让BP建造、构造它。
I'm going to embarrass him further. Last year, when we were trying to figure out how to close the cap, I sent Chu down to sit in the BP offices, and he essentially designed the cap that ultimately worked, and he drew up the specs for it and had BP build it, construct it. So this is somebody who knows what he's doing. So for those of you who are studying physics, it may actually pay off someday. 所以这是一个知道自己在做什么的人。所以对于那些学习物理的人来说，这可能有一天会有回报。但天然气的潜力是巨大的。在这个领域，实际上已经有一些广泛的两党共识。去年，来自两党的150多名国会议员提出了立法，提供激励措施，在我们的车辆中使用清洁燃烧的天然气代替石油。这是一件大事。
But the potential for natural gas is enormous. And this is an area where there's actually been some broad bipartisan agreement. Last year, more than 150 members of Congress from both sides of the aisle produced legislation providing incentives to use clean-burning natural gas in our vehicles instead of oil. And that's a big deal. Getting 150 members of Congress to agree on anything is a big deal. And they were even joined by T. Boone Pickens, a businessman who made his fortune on oil, but who is out there making the simple point that we can't simply drill our way out of our energy problems. 让150名国会议员同意任何事情都是一件大事。他们甚至得到了T·布恩·皮肯斯的支持，一位靠石油发家的商人，但他在那里提出了一个简单的观点：我们不能仅仅通过钻探来解决我们的能源问题。
So I ask members of Congress and all the interested parties involved to keep at it, pass a bill that helps us achieve the goal of extracting natural gas in a safe, environmentally sound way. 所以我要求国会议员和所有相关各方继续努力，通过一项法案，帮助我们实现以安全、环保的方式开采天然气的目标。现在，另一种具有巨大前景的石油替代品是可再生生物燃料——不仅仅是乙醇，还有由柳枝稷、木屑和生物质等制成的生物燃料。
Now, another substitute for oil that holds tremendous promise is renewable biofuels -- not just ethanol, but biofuels made from things like switchgrass and wood chips and biomass. 如果有人怀疑这些燃料的潜力，想想巴西。正如我所说，我上周刚去过那里。巴西一半的车辆可以使用生物燃料——他们一半的汽车车队可以使用生物燃料而不是石油。
If anybody doubts the potential of these fuels, consider Brazil. As I said, I was just there last week. Half of Brazil's vehicles can run on biofuels -- half of their fleet of automobiles can run on biofuels instead of petroleum. Just last week, our Air Force -- our own Air Force -- used an advanced biofuel blend to fly a Raptor 22 -- an F-22 Raptor faster than the speed of sound. Think about that. I mean, if an F-22 Raptor can fly faster than the speed of sound on biomass, then I know the old beater that you've got, that you're driving around in -- can probably do so, too. 就在上周，我们自己的空军使用先进的生物燃料混合物驾驶一架猛禽22——一架F-22猛禽战斗机以超过音速的速度飞行。想想看。我的意思是，如果一架F-22猛禽战斗机可以以超过音速的速度在生物质上飞行，那么我知道你们驾驶的那辆破旧汽车可能也可以。我们没有理由不能让我们的汽车做同样的事情。事实上，空军的目标是到2016年从替代来源获得一半的国内喷气燃料。我正在指示海军、能源部和农业部与私营部门合作，创建先进的生物燃料，不仅可以为战斗机提供动力，还可以为卡车和商用客机提供动力。
There's no reason why we can't have our cars do the same. 所以我们没有理由不应该在整个美国使用这些可再生燃料。这就是为什么我们正在投资于加油站和下一代生物燃料的研究。我们在替代能源方面面临的最大问题之一不仅仅是生产能源，还有分配它。我们在全国各地都有加油站，所以无论你在哪里，每当你需要汽油时，你都知道可以加油。
In fact, the Air Force is aiming to get half of its domestic jet fuel from alternative sources by 2016. And I'm directing the Navy and the Department of Energy and Agriculture to work with the private sector to create advanced biofuels that can power not just fighter jets, but also trucks and commercial airliners. 好吧，在可再生能源方面，我们也必须拥有那种分配网络，这样当你转换到使用不同类型能源的不同类型汽车时，你将能够拥有同样的便利。
So there's no reason we shouldn't be using these renewable fuels throughout America. And that's why we're investing in things like fueling stations and research into the next generation of biofuels. One of the biggest problems we have with alternative energy is not just producing the energy, but also distributing it. We've got gas stations all around the country, so whenever you need gas you know you can fill up -- it doesn't matter where you are. 否则，市场将无法运作；它不会增长。在未来两年内，我们将帮助企业家为四家下一代生物精炼厂破土动工——每家年产能超过2000万加仑。
Well, we've got to have that same kind of distribution network when it comes to our renewable energy sources so that when you are converting to a different kind of car that runs on a different kind of energy, you're going to be able to have that same convenience. Otherwise, the market won't work; it won't grow. 展望未来，我们应该寻找方法改革生物燃料激励措施，确保它们满足当今的挑战，并且还能为纳税人省钱。所以当我们用天然气和生物燃料等燃料替代石油时，我们也可以通过制造一开始就使用更少石油的汽车和卡车来减少我们的依赖。我们70%的石油消耗用于交通——70%。
Over the next two years, we'll help entrepreneurs break ground for four next-generation biorefineries -- each with a capacity of more than 20 million gallons per year. And going forward, we should look for ways to reform biofuels incentives to make sure that they're meeting today's challenges and that they're also saving taxpayers money. 顺便说一句，大多数家庭预算的第二大块也用于交通。这就是为什么让我们的经济减少对石油的依赖并为人们节省更多钱的最好方法之一是提高我们交通部门的效率。
So as we replace oil with fuels like natural gas and biofuels, we can also reduce our dependence by making cars and trucks that use less oil in the first place. Seventy percent of our petroleum consumption goes to transportation -- 70 percent. And by the way, so does the second biggest chunk of most families' budgets goes into transportation. And that's why one of the best ways to make our economy less dependent on oil and save folks more money is to make our transportation sector more efficient. 现在，我们经历了30年没有提高汽车燃油效率标准的时期。美国汽车行业发生的一部分原因是，由于石油看起来相对便宜，美国汽车行业决定我们只在SUV上赚钱，我们不会担心燃油效率。
Now, we went through 30 years where we didn't raise fuel efficiency standards on cars. And part of what happened in the U.S. auto industry was because oil appeared relatively cheap, the U.S. auto industry decided we're just going to make our money on SUVs, and we're not going to worry about fuel efficiency. Thirty years of lost time when it comes to technology that could improve the efficiency of cars. 在提高汽车效率的技术方面，三十年的时间被浪费了。所以去年，我们为汽车和卡车建立了开创性的国家燃油效率标准。我们去年在没有立法的情况下做到了这一点。
So last year, we established a groundbreaking national fuel efficiency standard for cars and trucks. We did this last year without legislation. We just got all the parties together and we got them to agree -- automakers, autoworkers, environmental groups, industry. 我们只是把所有各方聚集在一起，让他们同意——汽车制造商、汽车工人、环保团体、行业。所以这意味着我们的汽车将获得更好的燃油经济性，在该计划的生命周期内节省18亿桶石油——18亿。
So that means our cars will be getting better gas mileage, saving 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the life of the program -- 1.8 billion. Our consumers will save money from fewer trips to the pump -- $3,000 on average over time you will save because of these higher fuel efficiency standards. And our automakers will build more innovative products. Right now, there are even cars rolling off the assembly lines in Detroit with combustion engines -- I'm not talking about hybrids -- combustion engines that get more than 50 miles per gallon. So we know how to do it. 我们的消费者将从更少的加油站旅行中省钱——平均而言，由于这些更高的燃油效率标准，你将节省3000美元。我们的汽车制造商将制造更具创新性的产品。
We know how to make our cars more efficient. 现在，底特律的装配线上甚至有内燃机汽车——我不是在说混合动力车——内燃机汽车每加仑可以行驶超过50英里。所以我们知道如何做到这一点。
But going forward, we're going to continue to work with the automakers, with the autoworkers, with states, to ensure the high-quality, fuel-efficient cars and trucks of tomorrow are built right here in the United States of America. That's going to be a top priority for us. 我们知道如何让我们的汽车更高效。但展望未来，我们将继续与汽车制造商、汽车工人、各州合作，确保未来的高质量、节油汽车和卡车就在美国制造。这将是我们首要任务之一。
This summer, we're going to propose the first-ever fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty trucks. And this fall, we'll announce the next round of fuel standards for cars that builds on what we've already done. 今年夏天，我们将提出有史以来第一个重型卡车燃油效率标准。今年秋天，我们将宣布下一轮汽车燃油标准，在我们已经完成的基础上再接再厉。
And by the way, the federal government is going to need to lead by example. The fleet of cars and trucks we use in the federal government is one of the largest in the country. We've got a lot of cars. And that's why we've already doubled the number of alternative vehicles in the federal fleet. And that's why today I am directing agencies to purchase 100 percent alternative fuel, hybrid, or electric vehicles by 2015. All of them should be alternative fuel. 顺便说一句，联邦政府需要以身作则。我们在联邦政府中使用的汽车和卡车车队是全国最大的之一。我们有很多车。这就是为什么我们已经将联邦车队中的替代车辆数量翻倍。
Going forward, we'll partner with private companies that want to upgrade their large fleets. And this means, by the way, that you students, as consumers or future consumers of cars, you've got to make sure that you are boosting demand for alternative vehicles. You're going to have a responsibility as well, because if alternative-fuel vehicles are manufactured but you guys aren't buying them, then folks will keep on making cars that don't have the same fuel efficiency. 这就是为什么今天我指示各机构到2015年购买100%的替代燃料、混合动力或电动汽车。所有车辆都应该是替代燃料。展望未来，我们将与想要升级其大型车队的私营公司合作。顺便说一下，这意味着你们学生，作为汽车的消费者或未来消费者，你们必须确保你们正在推动对替代车辆的需求。
So you've got power in this process, and the decisions you make individually in your lives will say something about how serious we are when it comes to energy independence. 你们也将承担责任，因为如果替代燃料汽车被制造出来但你们不买它们，那么人们会继续制造没有相同燃油效率的汽车。所以你们在这个过程中有力量，你们在生活中做出的个人决定将说明我们在能源独立方面有多认真。我们还在高速铁路和公共交通方面进行了历史性投资，因为使我们的交通部门更清洁、更高效的部分原因是为所有美国人提供选择，无论他们是城市、郊区还是农村，都可以在不坐车和支付汽油的情况下出行。
We've also made historic investments in high-speed rail and mass transit, because part of making our transportation sector cleaner and more efficient involves offering all Americans, whether they are urban, suburban, or rural, the choice to be mobile without having to get in a car and pay for gas. 尽管如此，在提高燃油效率和减少我们对石油的依赖方面，很少有突破像电动汽车那样有希望。我上任后不久，就设定了到2015年在我们的道路上有100万辆电动汽车的目标。
Still, there are few breakthroughs as promising for increasing fuel efficiency and reducing our dependence on oil as electric vehicles. Soon after I took office, I set a goal of having one million electric vehicles on our roads by 2015. We've created incentives for American companies to develop these vehicles, and for Americans who want them to buy them. 我们为美国公司开发这些车辆创造了激励措施，也为想要购买它们的美国人提供了激励。所以新的制造工厂将在未来几年开业。对电池公司开发下一代电池的20亿美元适度竞争性拨款投资，已经启动了一个庞大的美国新产业。
So new manufacturing plants are opening over the next few years. And a modest $2 billion investment in competitive grants for companies to develop the next generation of batteries for these cars has jumpstarted a big new American industry. Pretty soon, America will be home to 40 percent of global manufacturing capacity for these advanced batteries. 很快，美国将成为全球先进电池制造能力的40%。对于那些想知道这意味着什么的人，阻碍电动汽车的是储存电力、储存能量的电池。我们能让这些电池越高效、越轻，就越容易以有竞争力的价格制造这些汽车。
And for those of you who are wondering what that means, the thing that's been holding back electric vehicles is the battery that stores that electricity, that energy. And the more efficient, the more lightweight we can make those batteries, the easier it is to manufacture those cars at a competitive price. 如果我们在美国拥有那个产业，那就意味着就业机会。如果这些电池在这里制造，汽车就会在这里制造。这些汽车在这里制造，我们就是在让美国人重返工作岗位。
And if we can have that industry here in the United States of America, that means jobs. If those batteries are made here, the cars are made here. Those cars are made here, we're putting Americans back to work. 现在，为了确保我们实现这个目标，我们需要做更多——为消费者提供更强大的激励措施，并奖励为采用这些汽车铺平道路的社区。现在，关于电动汽车的另一件事——你不需要和朱棣文讨论这个——事实证明电动汽车靠电力运行。所以即使我们减少对石油的依赖，我们正在生产所有这些伟大的电动汽车，我们将不得不制定一个计划来改变我们在美国发电的方式，使其更清洁、更安全、更健康。
Now, to make sure we stay on this goal we're going to need to do more -- by offering more powerful incentives to consumers, and by rewarding the communities that pave the way for the adoption of these vehicles. 我们知道，引领清洁能源经济有可能在美国创造无数新的就业机会和新企业。但我们必须思考如何更高效地发电。现在，除了生产能源，我们实际上还必须思考如何确保我们不浪费能源。我不知道乔治城校园的情况如何，校长先生，但每个机构和每个家庭都必须开始思考如何减少我们使用的能源量，并以更高效的方式来做。
Now, one other thing about electric cars -- and you don't need to talk to Chu about this -- it turns out electric cars run on electricity. And so even if we reduce our oil dependency, and we're producing all these great electric cars, we're going to have to have a plan to change the way we generate electricity in America so that it's cleaner and safer and healthier. We know that ushering in a clean energy economy has the potential of creating untold numbers of new jobs and new businesses right here in the United States. 今天，我们的家庭和企业消耗了我们使用的能源的40%，这使我们花费了数十亿美元的能源账单。需要大量能源来制造产品的制造商，他们受到能源成本上升的挑战。
But we're going to have to think about how do we produce electricity more efficiently. 所以你不能把石油依赖问题与我们如何生产更多能源的问题分开。这就是为什么我们提出了新的计划，帮助美国人用新的节能建筑材料——新照明、新窗户、新的供暖和制冷系统——升级他们的家庭、企业和工厂，这些投资将为消费者和企业主每年节省数百亿美元，并为投资、雇用、创造新的就业机会、雇用更多工人和让承包商投入工作释放资金。
Now, in addition to producing it, we actually also have to think about making sure we're not wasting energy. I don't know how we're doing on the Georgetown campus, Mr. President, but every institution and every household has to start thinking about how are we reducing the amount of energy that we're using and doing it in more efficient ways. 能源效率的好处是我们已经拥有技术。我们不需要创造新东西。我们只需要帮助企业主和房主安装隔热材料、节能窗户、节能照明。他们会收回成本。
Today, our homes and businesses consume 40 percent of the energy that we use, and it costs us billions of dollars in energy bills. Manufacturers that require large amounts of energy to make their products, they're challenged by rising energy costs. And so you can't separate the issue of oil dependence from the issue of how we are producing generally -- more energy generally. 你会在电费上省钱，这可以支付你所做的改进，但很多人可能没有前期资金，所以我们必须给他们一些激励措施来做到这一点。就像我们在汽车中使用的燃料一样，我们将不得不寻找更清洁、可再生的电力来源。今天，大约五分之二的电力来自清洁能源。但我们可以做得更好。
And that's why we've proposed new programs to help Americans upgrade their homes and businesses and plants with new, energy-efficient building materials -- new lighting, new windows, new heating and cooling systems -- investments that will save consumers and business owners tens of billions of dollars a year, and free up money for investment and hiring and creating new jobs and hiring more workers and putting contractors to work as well. 我认为，如果激励措施到位，我们可以将清洁能源的使用量翻倍。这就是为什么我在一月份的国情咨文中呼吁为美国建立一个新的清洁能源标准：到2035年，80%的电力需要来自各种清洁能源——风能和太阳能等可再生能源、高效天然气。
The nice thing about energy efficiency is we already have the technology. We don't have to create something new. We just have to help businesses and homeowners put in place the installation, the energy-efficient windows, the energy-efficient lighting. They'll get their money back. You will save money on your electricity bill that pays for those improvements that you made, but a lot of people may not have the money up front, and so we've got to give them some incentives to do that. 是的，我们将不得不研究如何使清洁煤和核电发挥作用。现在，鉴于日本正在发生的事件，我想花一分钟谈谈核能。现在，美国大约五分之一的电力来自核能。重要的是要认识到核能不会向大气中排放二氧化碳。
And just like the fuels we use in our cars, we're going to have to find cleaner renewable sources of electricity. Today, about two-fifths of our electricity come from clean energy sources. But we can do better than that. I think that with the right incentives in place, we can double our use of clean energy. And that's why, in my State of the Union address back in January, I called for a new Clean Energy Standard for America: By 2035, 80 percent of our electricity needs to come from a wide range of clean energy sources -- renewables like wind and solar, efficient natural gas. 所以我们这些关心气候变化的人必须认识到，如果安全的话，核能可以为气候变化问题做出重大贡献。我决心确保它是安全的。所以鉴于日本发生的事情，我已经要求核管理委员会进行全面的安全审查，以确保我们所有现有的核能设施都是安全的。
And, yes, we're going to have to examine how do we make clean coal and nuclear power work. 我们将把日本的结论和经验教训纳入下一代核电站的设计和建造中。但我们不能简单地把它排除在外。我的政府正在领导全球讨论，建立一个新的国际框架，让所有运营核电站的国家确保它们不会扩散危险的核材料和技术。
Now, in light of the ongoing events in Japan, I want to just take a minute to talk about nuclear power. Right now, America gets about one-fifth of our electricity from nuclear energy. And it's important to recognize that nuclear energy doesn't emit carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So those of us who are concerned about climate change, we've got to recognize that nuclear power, if it's safe, can make a significant contribution to the climate change question. 但更广泛地说，清洁能源标准可以扩大清洁能源投资的范围，因为它给予前沿公司投资所需的确定性。本质上，它对公司说的是，你知道吗，如果你生产清洁能源，你就会有客户。
And I'm determined to ensure that it's safe. So in light of what's happened in Japan, I've requested a comprehensive safety review by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to make sure that all of our existing nuclear energy facilities are safe. And we're going incorporate those conclusions and lessons from Japan in design and the building of the next generation of plants. But we can't simply take it off the table. 公用事业公司需要在其整体投资组合中购买一定数量的清洁能源，这意味着创新者愿意进行那些大额资本投资。我们必须现在就开始，因为——想想这个——在20世纪80年代，美国拥有世界80%以上的风能产能，90%的太阳能产能。我们在风能方面是领导者。
My administration is leading global discussions towards a new international framework in which all countries who are operating nuclear plants are making sure that they're not spreading dangerous nuclear materials and technology. 我们在太阳能方面是领导者。我们在80年代拥有清洁能源经济。猜猜怎么着。今天，中国拥有最多的风能产能。德国拥有最多的太阳能产能。
But more broadly, a clean energy standard can expand the scope of clean energy investments because what it does is it gives cutting-edge companies the certainty that they need to invest. Essentially what it does is it says to companies, you know what, you will have a customer if you're producing clean energy. Utilities, they need to buy a certain amount of clean energy in their overall portfolio, and that means that innovators are willing to make those big capital investments. 两国在清洁能源方面的投资都比我们多，尽管我们是一个更大的经济体，也是能源的更大用户。我们已经落后于将成为我们未来关键的领域。
And we've got to start now because -- think about this -- in the 1980s, America was home to more than 80 percent of the world's wind capacity, 90 percent of the world's solar capacity. We were the leaders in wind. We were the leaders in solar. We owned the clean energy economy in the '80s. Guess what. Today, China has the most wind capacity. Germany has the most solar capacity. Both invest more in clean energy than we do, even though we are a larger economy and a substantially larger user of energy. We've fallen behind on what is going to be the key to our future. 其他国家现在正在出口我们开创的技术，他们正在追求随之而来的工作机会，因为他们知道，引领21世纪清洁能源经济的国家将是引领21世纪全球经济的国家。
Other countries are now exporting technology we pioneered and they're going after the jobs that come with it because they know that the countries that lead the 21st century clean energy economy will be the countries that lead the 21st century global economy. 我希望美国成为那个国家。我希望美国赢得未来。所以清洁能源标准将有助于推动私人对创新的投资。但我想指出这一点：政府资金仍将至关重要。
I want America to be that nation. I want America to win the future. 过去两年，我的政府在清洁和可再生能源研究和技术方面的历史性投资，帮助私营部门公司发展并雇用了数十万新工人。我参观过世界上最大的闪亮新太阳能阵列。我测试过刚下装配线的电动汽车。我的意思是，我并没有真正测试它——我能够开大约五英尺，然后特勤局说停下来。
So a clean energy standard will help drive private investment in innovation. But I want to make this point: Government funding will still be critical. Over the past two years, the historic investments my administration has made in clean and renewable energy research and technology have helped private sector companies grow and hire hundreds of thousands of new workers. 我参观过曾经关闭的工厂，他们现在正在建造长达747的先进风力叶片，他们正在建造支撑它们的塔架。我见过正在寻找下一个能源重大突破的科学家。
I've visited gleaming new solar arrays that are among the largest in the world. I've tested an electric vehicle fresh off the assembly line. I mean, I didn't really test it -- I was able to drive like five feet before Secret Service said to stop. I've toured factories that used to be shuttered, where they're now building advanced wind blades that are as long as 747s, and they're building the towers that support them. And I've seen the scientists that are searching for the next big breakthrough in energy. None of this would have happened without government support. 如果没有政府的支持，这些都不会发生。我理解我们的财政状况紧张，所以公平地问我们如何支付政府对能源的投资。当我们在国会辩论国家优先事项和预算时，我们将不得不做出一些艰难的选择。
I understand we've got a tight fiscal situation, so it's fair to ask how do we pay for government's investment in energy. And as we debate our national priorities and our budget in Congress, we're going to have to make some tough choices. We're going to have to cut what we don't need to invest in what we do need. 我们将不得不削减我们不需要的东西来投资我们需要的东西。不幸的是，有些人想要削减对清洁能源的关键投资。他们想要削减我们对新技术的研发。他们正在削减甚至及时发放新的海上钻探许可所需的资源。
Unfortunately, some folks want to cut critical investments in clean energy. They want to cut our research and development into new technologies. They're shortchanging the resources necessary even to promptly issue new permits for offshore drilling. These cuts would eliminate thousands of private sector jobs; it would terminate scientists and engineers; it would end fellowships for researchers, some who may be here at Georgetown, graduate students and other talent that we desperately need to get into this area in the 21st century. That doesn't make sense. 这些削减将消除数千个私营部门就业机会；它将终止科学家和工程师的工作；它将结束研究人员的奖学金，其中一些可能在乔治城，研究生和其他我们迫切需要在这个领域的人才。
We're already paying a price for our inaction. Every time we fill up at the pump, every time we lose a job or a business to countries that are investing more than we do in clean energy, when it comes to our air, our water, and the climate change that threatens the planet that you will inherit -- we're already paying a price. These are costs that we are already bearing. And if we do nothing, the price will only go up. 这没有意义。我们已经在为我们的不作为付出代价。每次我们在加油站加油，每次我们失去工作或企业给那些在清洁能源方面比我们投资更多的国家，当涉及到我们的空气、水和威胁你们将继承的地球的气候变化时——我们已经在付出代价。
So at moments like these, sacrificing these investments in research and development, in supporting clean energy technologies, that would weaken our energy economy and make us more dependent on oil. That's not a game plan to win the future. That's a vision to keep us mired in the past. I will not accept that outcome for the United States of America. We are not going to do that. 这些是我们已经在承担的成本。如果我们什么都不做，代价只会上升。所以在这样的时刻，牺牲这些对研发的投资，对支持清洁能源技术的投资，将削弱我们的能源经济，使我们更加依赖石油。这不是赢得未来的战略。这是一个让我们陷入过去的愿景。
Let me close by speaking directly to the students here -- the next generation who are going to be writing the next great chapter in the American story. The issue of energy independence is one that America has been talking about since before your parents were your age, since before you were born. And you also happen to go to a school in a town that for a long time has suffered from a chronic unwillingness to come together and make tough choices. And so I forgive you for thinking that maybe there isn't much we can do to rise to this challenge. 我不会接受美国的这个结果。我们不会那样做。让我直接对这里的学生们说几句话——下一代将书写美国故事的下一个伟大篇章。能源独立问题是美国从你们父母像你们这么大之前就一直在谈论的问题，从你们出生之前就在谈论。
Maybe some of you are feeling kind of cynical or skeptical about whether we're actually going to solve this problem. But everything I have seen and experienced with your generation convinces me otherwise. 你们碰巧在一个长期存在不愿团结起来做出艰难选择的慢性问题的城市上学。所以我原谅你们认为也许我们没有太多办法来应对这个挑战。
I think that precisely because you are coming of age at a time of such rapid and sometimes unsettling change, born into a world with fewer walls, educated in an era of constant information, tempered by war and economic turmoil -- because that's the world in which you're coming of age, I think you believe as deeply as any of our previous generations that America can change and it can change for the better. 也许你们中的一些人对是否会真正解决这个问题感到有些愤世嫉俗或怀疑。但我在你们这一代人身上看到和经历的一切让我相信并非如此。我认为恰恰因为你们在一个如此快速、有时令人不安的变化时代成长，出生在一个墙壁更少的世界，在信息不断的时代接受教育，被战争和经济动荡所磨练——因为这就是你们成长的世界，我相信你们和我们之前的任何一代人一样深信美国可以改变，而且可以变得更好。
We need that. We need you to dream big. We need you to summon that same spirit of unbridled optimism and that bold willingness to tackle tough challenges and see those challenges through that led previous generations to rise to greatness -- to save a democracy, to touch the moon, to connect the world with our own science and our own imagination. 我们需要这个。我们需要你们敢于梦想。我们需要你们召唤那种无拘无束的乐观精神和大胆应对艰难挑战并坚持到底的精神，这些精神引领前几代人走向伟大——拯救民主、触摸月球、用我们自己的科学和想象力连接世界。
That's what America is capable of. That's what you have to push America to do, and it will be you that pushes it. That history of ours, of meeting challenges -- that's your birthright. You understand that there's no problem out there that is not within our power to solve. 这就是美国的能力。这就是你们必须推动美国去做的，而且将是你们推动它。我们应对挑战的历史——那是你们的与生俱来的权利。你们明白，没有任何问题是我们无法解决的。
I don't want to leave this challenge for future Presidents. I don't want to leave it for my children. I don't want to leave it for your children. So, yes, solving it will take time and it will take effort. It will require our brightest scientists, our most creative companies. It will require all of us -- Democrats, Republicans, and everybody in between -- to do our part. But with confidence in America and in ourselves and in one another, I know this is a challenge that we will solve. 我不想把这个挑战留给未来的总统。我不想把它留给我的孩子。我不想把它留给你们的孩子。所以，是的，解决它需要时间和努力。它需要我们最聪明的科学家、最有创造力的公司。
Thank you very much, everybody. God bless you. God bless the United States of America. 它需要我们所有人——民主党人、共和党人以及之间的所有人——尽我们的一份力量。但凭借对美国、对我们自己、对彼此的信心，我知道这是我们将要解决的挑战。非常感谢大家。上帝保佑你们。上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
