Thank you. Thank you. Everybody, please have a seat. 谢谢你们。谢谢。各位，请坐。
Well, thank you so much, Zin Mar [Aung], for your introduction and for your example and your commitment to build a free and open press in Myanmar, and all the hope that you represent. Please give her a big round of applause. She did an outstanding job. 非常感谢你，辛玛·昂，感谢你的介绍，感谢你为在缅甸建立自由开放的新闻业所树立的榜样和付出的努力，以及你所代表的所有希望。请大家为她热烈鼓掌。她做得非常出色。
Well, to all of you, welcome to Washington. Welcome to the White House. And while I know that you've been here a few weeks, let me just say again, on behalf of the American people, welcome to the United States of America. We are thrilled to have you here. 各位，欢迎来到华盛顿。欢迎来到白宫。我知道你们已经在这里待了几周了，但请允许我再次代表美国人民说，欢迎来到美利坚合众国。你们的到来让我们感到非常高兴。
I'm not going to give a long speech because what I really want to do is have a conversation with you like the one that I had when I was in Myanmar. So this is a town hall meeting; the less I speak the more questions you get to ask. But I do want to take a few minutes to explain why I believe so strongly in the work that brings us together today and why your presence here is so important. 我不打算发表长篇演讲，因为我真正想做的是与你们进行对话，就像我在缅甸时那样。所以这是一次市政厅会议；我讲得越少，你们就有越多的时间提问。但我确实想花几分钟时间解释一下，为什么我如此坚信让我们今天相聚在这里的事业，以及为什么你们的出席如此重要。
I think all of you know I have a special attachment to Southeast Asia. As a boy, I lived in Jakarta. My mother spent years working in villages to help women improve their lives. So Southeast Asia helped shape who I am and how I see the world. And as President, I've made it a pillar of my foreign policy to make sure that the United States is more deeply engaged in the Asia Pacific region, including Southeast Asia. And I want to welcome the ambassadors from across ASEAN -- thank you for being here and for your partnership. Give them a big round of applause. 我想你们都知道，我对东南亚有着特殊的感情。小时候，我住在雅加达。我母亲花了多年时间在村庄里帮助妇女改善生活。所以东南亚塑造了我，塑造了我看待世界的方式。作为总统，我将确保美国更深入地参与亚太地区、包括东南亚地区的事务作为我外交政策的一大支柱。我还要欢迎来自东盟各国的大使们——感谢你们的到来和合作。请大家为他们热烈鼓掌。
So I've deepened America's ties with Southeast Asia because your region is critical to our shared future. There are more than 600 million people who live in the ASEAN countries, and you reflect an incredible diversity of faiths and ethnic groups and backgrounds and cultures. And that diversity has to be celebrated and it has to be protected. 我深化了美国与东南亚的联系，因为你们的地区对我们的共同未来至关重要。东盟国家生活着超过6亿人口，你们体现了信仰、族群、背景和文化的惊人多样性。这种多样性值得庆祝，也必须得到保护。
We have incredible economic engines like Singapore. We've got growing economies like the Philippines and Vietnam and Malaysia. And we can see growth that is lifting people out of poverty and creating more jobs and trade and opportunity for all our countries. 我们有新加坡这样令人惊叹的经济引擎。我们有菲律宾、越南和马来西亚这样不断增长的经济体。我们可以看到，经济增长正在让人们摆脱贫困，为我们所有国家创造更多就业、贸易和机遇。
We've seen a historic democratic transition in Indonesia. We've got elections coming later this year in Myanmar. Communities in Laos and Brunei are working for development that's sustainable and protecting the environment. And we're seeing new commitments to the education of young women and girls, as is true in Cambodia. 我们看到了印度尼西亚历史性的民主转型。缅甸今年晚些时候将举行选举。老挝和文莱的社区正在致力于可持续发展和环境保护。我们看到对年轻妇女和女童教育的新承诺，柬埔寨就是如此。
The people of Thailand played a critical role in the global response to the earthquake in Nepal. And we are mindful of the King of Thailand's health issues lately and we wish him the best, and our hopes and prayers are with him. So Southeast Asia is stepping up. It's on the move. 泰国人民在尼泊尔地震的全球响应中发挥了关键作用。我们也关注到泰国国王最近的健康问题，我们祝愿他一切顺利，我们的思念和祈祷与他同在。所以东南亚正在崛起，正在前进。
And today, America's relationship with the region is stronger than ever. I'm proud to be the first American President to meet regularly with all 10 ASEAN leaders. I will continue to do so until I am no longer President. 而今天，美国与该地区的关系比以往任何时候都更加牢固。我很自豪能够成为第一位定期与所有十位东盟领导人会晤的美国总统。我将继续这样做，直到我卸任为止。
We've strengthened our alliances, including with the Philippines. We've forged new partnerships with Indonesia and Malaysia and Vietnam. Our trade with ASEAN has been growing. We're pursuing the Trans-Pacific Partnership. We're working with ASEAN to bind the region more closely together and confront shared challenges, and uphold international rules and norms, including freedom of navigation, and to ensure that disputes are resolved peacefully. 我们加强了包括与菲律宾在内的联盟关系。我们与印度尼西亚、马来西亚和越南建立了新的伙伴关系。我们与东盟的贸易一直在增长。我们正在推进《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》。我们正在与东盟合作，将该地区更紧密地联系在一起，共同应对挑战，维护国际规则和规范，包括航行自由，并确保争端得到和平解决。
At the moment, several of our nations are working to rescue desperate Rohingya migrants who are at sea, which reflects our commitment to the security and dignity and human rights of every human being. 目前，我们几个国家正在努力营救海上绝望的罗兴亚移民，这体现了我们对每一个人的安全、尊严和人权的承诺。
But despite all the work I've been doing and the ambassadors have been doing, building these stronger ties is not just the work of government. They have to be rooted in partnerships between our peoples -- and especially young people like you. 但是，尽管我和大使们做了所有这些工作，建立这些更牢固的联系不仅仅是政府的工作。它们必须扎根于我们两国人民之间的伙伴关系——尤其是像你们这样的年轻人。
All across Southeast Asia, almost two-thirds of the population is under 35 years old. So this is a young part of the world. Technology is giving you more power to communicate and organize like never before. In Vietnam, tens of millions of people are connected on Facebook. 在整个东南亚，近三分之二的人口年龄在35岁以下。所以这是世界上一个年轻的地区。技术正赋予你们前所未有的沟通和组织能力。在越南，数千万人在脸书上保持联系。
Across the region, you are civil society leaders working for democracy and human rights and religious tolerance. You are entrepreneurs who are turning your ideas into new businesses; activists fighting for the environment and against climate change. And that's the power that young people have, and the spirit of optimism and idealism that you represent. So you're inspiring to me. And I've made it clear that America wants to be your partner. We want to help you succeed. 在整个地区，你们是致力于民主、人权和宗教宽容的公民社会领袖。你们是将想法转化为新企业的企业家；是为环境和应对气候变化而奋斗的活动家。这就是年轻人的力量，也是你们所代表的乐观和理想主义精神。所以你们激励着我。我已经明确表示，美国希望成为你们的伙伴。我们希望帮助你们成功。
So two years ago, we launched the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative -- YSEALI -- to help empower young people like you, to give you more of the skills and resources and networks that you need to turn your ideas into action. And since then, we've offered workshops, online networking, exchanges, professional development, hands-on training. And today, the YSEALI network includes nearly 35,000 young people like you. 所以两年前，我们发起了"东南亚青年领袖倡议"——简称YSEALI——旨在帮助像你们这样的年轻人获得力量，为你们提供更多将想法转化为行动所需的技能、资源和人脉。从那时起，我们提供了讲习班、在线交流、交换项目、职业发展和实践培训。如今，YSEALI网络已包括近3.5万名像你们一样的年轻人。
Last year in Myanmar, at the town hall meeting that Zin Mar mentioned, I announced our fellowship program to bring young leaders from across the region to the United States to help develop their skills. And for this first class of 75, more than 1,000 people applied. The competition was intense. 去年在缅甸，在辛玛提到的那次市政厅会议上，我宣布了我们的奖学金项目，将该地区的年轻领导人带到美国来帮助他们发展技能。首届75人的班级收到了1000多份申请。竞争非常激烈。
Today, I'm proud to welcome you as the first class of YSEALI Fellows. We're very proud of you. And I've had a chance to read about some of you and the amazing things that you've been doing. And I suspect that Niema Remejoso, from the Philippines -- there she is right there -- she spoke for a lot of you. She said, "Am I dreaming, or is this really happening?" So it's really happening. 今天，我很自豪地欢迎你们成为首届YSEALI奖学金获得者。我们为你们感到非常骄傲。我有机会了解了你们中的一些人和你们所做的了不起的事情。我想来自菲律宾的尼玛·雷梅霍索——她就在那里——说出了你们很多人的心声。她说："我是在做梦吗，还是这真的发生了？"所以这是真的。
You come from all 10 ASEAN nations, from capital cities and rural towns. You represent different faiths and backgrounds, and different beliefs. Obviously, there are men and women here -- in fact, the majority are women -- because one of the best measures of a country's success is whether it empowers women and girls. And you're all bound together by a common belief that you have the talent and the drive and the power to improve the lives of your fellow human beings. 你们来自所有十个东盟国家，来自首都城市和乡村小镇。你们代表着不同的信仰和背景，不同的信念。显然，这里有男性也有女性——事实上，大多数是女性——因为衡量一个国家成功的最佳标准之一就是它是否赋予妇女和女童权力。你们都被一个共同的信念联系在一起：你们有才能、有动力、有力量去改善同胞的生活。
So for the last five weeks, you've been all across America. You've experienced state legislatures and city councils. You've seen how our day-to-day democracy works. You've worked at nonprofits, learning how to organize and advocate for change. You've interned in some American companies, seeing how to build and manage a business. And I want to thank all of our leaders and partners who are here -- we've got universities and academic institutions, we've got businesses -- all who have been very generous in their support of this overall process. 在过去的五周里，你们走遍了美国各地。你们体验了州议会和市议会。你们看到了我们日常的民主是如何运作的。你们在非营利组织工作，学习如何组织和倡导变革。你们在一些美国公司实习，了解如何建立和管理企业。我要感谢在座的所有领导人和合作伙伴——我们有大学和学术机构，有企业——所有人都为这整个进程提供了非常慷慨的支持。
So you've been experiencing America. Some of you were very lucky and had a chance to go to my home state of Hawaii. I heard that some of you tried to hula dance. Some of you went to my hometown of Chicago, and you saw American ingenuity at its best, including -- I hear that you saw ATMs that give cupcakes. 所以你们一直在体验美国。你们中的一些人非常幸运，有机会去了我的家乡夏威夷州。我听说你们中的一些人尝试了草裙舞。你们中的一些人去了我的家乡芝加哥，看到了美国创造力的最佳表现，包括——我听说你们看到了能出纸杯蛋糕的自动取款机。
And I also know that Americans have learned from you as well. You shared your culture and traditions and foods. You discovered American foods like Jell-O. I hear somebody had Jell-O, which -- I was very excited about that. And the friendships and the understanding that you have forged will help to bring our countries together for a long time. 我也知道美国人也从你们身上学到了东西。你们分享了你们的文化、传统和食物。你们发现了像吉露果冻这样的美国食物。我听说有人吃了吉露果冻，这让我非常兴奋。你们建立的友谊和理解将在很长一段时间内帮助我们的国家走到一起。
And soon you'll return home. Each of you has developed a project, an action plan, and you'll take what you've learned here and put it into practice. And we're going to be with you during this process as you build your ventures, expand your networks, and -- mentoring young people that are coming behind you. We're going to welcome 500 Fellows like you every single year. So this may be the end of your visit to America, but you've really begun this process of building partnerships that will last a lifetime. 很快你们就要回家了。你们每个人都制定了一个项目、一个行动计划，你们将把在这里学到的东西付诸实践。在你们建立自己的事业、拓展人脉的过程中，我们将与你们同在，并指导你们身后的年轻人。我们每年将迎来500名像你们这样的奖学金获得者。所以这可能是你们美国之行的结束，但你们真正开启了建立终身伙伴关系的进程。
And we want you to make sure that you are realizing your dreams. I just want to take a couple of examples. We've got Seth Suonvisal. Where's Seth? Here's Seth. So in Cambodia, Seth works with parliament. So in Tulsa, he witnessed city government at work, the legislative process in Tulsa, Oklahoma. And, Seth, we're proud to be your partner as you strive to ensure that governments deliver for all of the Cambodian people. 我们希望你们确保自己正在实现梦想。我只想举几个例子。我们有塞思·苏翁维萨尔。塞思在哪里？塞思在这里。在柬埔寨，塞思在议会工作。在塔尔萨，他亲眼目睹了俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨市的政府运作和立法程序。塞思，我们很自豪能成为你的伙伴，因为你在努力确保政府为全体柬埔寨人民服务。
We have Muchamad Dafip. Where's Muchamad? There he is. He is an advocate for the environment in Indonesia. Apa kabar? And at the East-West Center -- there aren't two of you, is there? So at the East-West Center in Hawaii, he learned new ways to empower citizens and effect change. So we're proud to be your partner. Together, we can promote sustainable development and help the next generation meet the urgent challenges of climate change. 我们有穆罕默德·达菲普。穆罕默德在哪里？他在那里。他是印度尼西亚的环保倡导者。你好吗？在东西方中心——没有两个你吧？在夏威夷的东西方中心，他学会了赋能公民和推动变革的新方法。我们很自豪能成为你的伙伴。我们可以共同促进可持续发展，帮助下一代应对气候变化的紧迫挑战。
We've got Khine Muang -- there's Khine, and -- is a doctor in Myanmar where she offers free surgeries to children for cleft palates and lips, and gives them a new smile and new confidence. So we're very proud. At the Oklahoma University School of Community Medicine, she focused on ways to expand outreach and free clinics. And we are so proud to be your partner, working for the health and dignity of children across Myanmar. Although, I have to say that you are the youngest doctor I've ever seen. I mean, she looks like she's 14. It's very impressive. So thank you. 我们有钦孟——钦孟在那里——她是缅甸的一名医生，为患有腭裂和唇裂的儿童提供免费手术，给他们新的笑容和新的自信。我们非常自豪。在俄克拉荷马大学社区医学院，她专注于拓展外展服务和免费诊所的方法。我们非常自豪能成为你的伙伴，为缅甸各地儿童的健康和尊严而努力。不过，我得说，你是我见过的最年轻的医生。我的意思是，她看起来才14岁。太令人印象深刻了。谢谢你。
And where is Pern Phansiri? There's Pern, from Thailand, a tireless fighter against human trafficking. And at the city manager's office in Lee's Summit, Missouri, she saw how a community takes a comprehensive approach to social services. So we're proud to be your partner in standing up for the rights of women and children. We have to end the outrage of human trafficking, and we so appreciate the work that you do. 潘·潘西里在哪里？潘在那里，来自泰国，是一位不知疲倦的反人口贩卖斗士。在密苏里州李斯峰会的市经理办公室，她了解了一个社区如何采取综合性方法提供社会服务。我们很自豪能成为你的伙伴，共同捍卫妇女和儿童的权利。我们必须结束人口贩卖的暴行，我们非常感谢你所做的工作。
So this just gives you an example of the incredible talent and commitment that these young people represent. And I want to close with a quick story that captures the spirit of our work together. Thongvone Sosamphan is here from Laos. Where's -- please, stand up. So she's here from Laos. In Atlanta, she visited the memorial and center honoring the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. And she was struck by one of Dr. King's quotes, which says, "Life's most persistent and urgent question is, 'What are you doing for others?'" 这只是这些年轻人所代表的惊人才能和奉献精神的一个例子。最后，我想讲一个简短的故事，它体现了我们共同工作的精神。通冯·索桑潘来自老挝。在哪里？请站起来。她来自老挝。在亚特兰大，她参观了纪念马丁·路德·金牧师的纪念馆和中心。她被金博士的一句话打动了，那句话是："生命中最持久、最紧迫的问题是：'你在为他人做什么？'"
And that prompted her to think about the true meaning of leadership. And she wrote something very beautiful that I want everybody to hear. "Leadership is inside you," she said. "Everyone can be a leader, because everybody can serve. You don't have to have a college degree to lead. You don't need to know more than the others. All you need is a heart full of grace, a soul generated by love." That's pretty good. 这促使她思考领导力的真正含义。她写了一段非常优美的话，我想让大家都听听。"领导力就在你心中，"她说。"每个人都可以成为领导者，因为每个人都可以服务。你不需要有大学学位才能领导。你不需要比别人知道得更多。你所需要的只是一颗充满恩典的心，一个由爱生成的灵魂。"说得真好。
So that's what I see in all of you. That's why I believe so strongly that you're going to keep answering that question Dr. King asked: What are you doing for others? It's why I'm confident that all of you will be extraordinary leaders. Already you're doing great work in your communities and your countries, with hearts full of grace and souls generated by love. And you will continue to have a friend and partner in the United States of America. 这就是我在你们所有人身上看到的东西。这就是为什么我坚信你们会继续回答金博士提出的那个问题：你在为他人做什么？这就是为什么我相信你们所有人都会成为非凡的领导者。你们已经在你们的社区和国家做着伟大的工作，怀着充满恩典的心和由爱生成的灵魂。你们将继续拥有美利坚合众国这个朋友和伙伴。
So we are very, very proud of you. And with that, let's -- I want to hear from you, both questions or you can tell me a story about the exciting food that you had -- all across the country. 我们为你们感到非常、非常骄傲。好了，接下来——我想听听你们的声音，无论是提问还是给我讲讲你们在全国各地吃到的美食的故事。
So we have some microphones in the audience, and what I'll do is I'll just call on people and I'm going to go boy, girl, boy, girl so that it's very fair. So we'll start with this young lady here. Please introduce yourself and tell us where you're from. 观众席上有一些麦克风，我会点人发言，我会按男生、女生、男生、女生的顺序来，这样非常公平。我们从这位年轻女士开始。请介绍一下你自己，告诉我们你来自哪里。
Question: Hi, Mr. President. I am an elected representative from Malaysia. My question to you is, what is your view on the democracy in Malaysia with the recent jailing of Anwar Ibrahim, the opposition leader, and the crackdown on opposition? Thank you. 提问：您好，总统先生。我是马来西亚的一名民选代表。我的问题是，您如何看待马来西亚的民主，以及最近反对党领袖安瓦尔·易卜拉欣被监禁和对反对派的镇压？谢谢您。
President Obama: Well, Malaysia has a history of democracy that has to be preserved. And I have a very good relationship with Prime Minister Najib and we are close partners and cooperating on a whole host of issues. 奥巴马总统：马来西亚有着必须被维护的民主历史。我与纳吉布总理关系非常好，我们是亲密的伙伴，在一系列问题上开展合作。
I think that Malaysia, like all our countries, not just ASEAN countries but countries here in the United States, have to recognize that democracy is not just elections but it's how open and transparent and accountable government is between elections. And it's important that free speech, freedom of the press, an independent judiciary, the right to assemble peacefully -- that all those rights are observed to make democracy work. So as a general rule, I don't comment on even individual cases in this country, much less another country, because I think it's important for the legal system to work. 我认为，马来西亚和我们所有国家一样，不仅仅是东盟国家，也包括美国，都必须认识到，民主不仅仅是选举，更是选举之间政府的公开、透明和问责程度。重要的是，言论自由、新闻自由、独立的司法机构、和平集会的权利——所有这些权利都应得到尊重，民主才能运转。因此，作为一般规则，我甚至不对美国国内的个别案件发表评论，更不用说另一个国家了，因为我认为让法律体系发挥作用很重要。
But I do know that it is important if an opposition leader who is well known has been charged with a crime, that that process of how that is adjudicated and how open it is, and how clear the evidence is, that that is all subject to scrutiny. Because what you don't want is a situation in which the legitimacy of the process is questioned. That has an adverse impact on democracy as a whole. And I think we all have to guard against making sure that there's not a chilling effect on potential opposition in government. 但我确实知道，如果一位知名的反对党领袖被指控犯罪，那么审判的过程、公开程度以及证据的清晰度，都必须受到审查。因为你不希望出现程序合法性受到质疑的情况。这会对整个民主产生不利影响。我认为我们都必须警惕，确保不会对潜在的政府反对力量产生寒蝉效应。
So as I always point out, democracy is hard. I mean, I think that many of the things that are said about me are terribly unfair. But the reason American democracy has survived for so long is because people -- even if they're wrong -- have a right to say what they think. George Washington, our first President, he complained terribly about some of the foolishness that was said about him. 正如我经常指出的，民主是艰难的。我是说，我觉得很多关于我的说法都是非常不公平的。但美国民主之所以能延续这么久，是因为人们——即使他们是错的——也有权说出他们的想法。我们的第一任总统乔治·华盛顿，也曾对一些关于他的愚蠢言论抱怨不已。
But part of the reason he is considered one of our greatest Presidents is because he set an example of recognizing that if democracy was to work then you had to respect the rights of even those people who you disagreed most with, because otherwise there's no way that a democracy can flourish over the long term. 但他被认为是我们最伟大的总统之一，部分原因是他树立了一个榜样，即如果民主要运转，你就必须尊重哪怕是你最不同意的人的权利，因为否则，民主就不可能在长期内蓬勃发展。
So these are things that I said publicly when I was in Myanmar -- when I was in Malaysia, rather. I had an opportunity to meet with some community activists and civil society leaders there. And this is something that I say everywhere we go. 这些都是我在缅甸时——不，是在马来西亚时——公开说过的话。我有机会在那里会见了一些社区活动家和公民社会领袖。这是我走到哪里都会说的话。
And it's important for America to recognize that we're not perfect, either, and so we have to make sure that we are constantly seeing how do we improve our democracy. I mean, the amounts of money, for example, that are involved in our elections these days is disturbing because it makes it seem as if a few people have more influence in the democracy than the many. And so I will continue to speak out about these issues, even with friends. Maybe sometimes we are even more willing to say something when it's friends because we know that they can do better. Thank you. Yes, sir. 重要的是，美国要认识到我们也不是完美的，所以我们必须确保我们不断思考如何改进我们的民主。我的意思是，例如，如今我们选举中涉及的资金数额令人不安，因为这让人觉得，在民主制度中，少数人比多数人有更多的影响力。因此，我将继续就这些问题发声，即使是对朋友。有时候，正因为是朋友，我们才更愿意说些什么，因为我们知道他们可以做得更好。谢谢你。好的，先生。
Question: Hello, Mr. President. I am from Indonesia. I am working with the ministry of finance. My YSEALI theme is economic empowerment. My question is, what is your expectation about economic relationship between United States and ASEAN countries in the future? Thank you. 提问：您好，总统先生。我来自印度尼西亚。我在财政部工作。我的YSEALI主题是经济赋权。我的问题是，您对未来美国与东盟国家的经济关系有什么期望？谢谢您。
President Obama: Well, we already have a very strong economic relationship. As I pointed out, this is a region that is growing fast. It has a big population. You have very hardworking people, entrepreneurial people. I expect it will continue to grow. And the United States wants to be a partner in all sorts of ways. 奥巴马总统：我们已经有了非常牢固的经济关系。正如我所指出的，这是一个快速增长的地区。人口众多。你们有非常勤劳的人民，有创业精神的人民。我预计它将继续增长。美国希望在各方面成为伙伴。
Trade is the most obvious and important relationship, economically. And so one of the reasons why I think the Trans-Pacific Partnership is so important is because it sets up a set of principles to ensure fair trade between countries. It calls for higher labor standards for all countries, higher environmental standards for all countries. It makes sure that countries are being treated -- companies are being treated fairly when they are operating in a foreign market. 贸易是经济上最明显、最重要的关系。因此，我认为《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》如此重要的原因之一是，它确立了一套确保国家间公平贸易的原则。它要求所有国家提高劳工标准，提高环境标准。它确保各国——企业在外国市场运营时得到公平对待。
And there's the potential, I think, if we get this right and completed in the next few months, to be able to ensure that the United States and ASEAN countries that already have a massive amount of trade, that that's able to increase and that there's more opportunity for everybody. But it's at a high standard rather than a low standard. 我认为，如果我们在未来几个月内正确完成这项工作，就有可能确保美国与东盟国家之间本已巨大的贸易量能够进一步增长，让每个人都有更多机会。但这将是高标准的，而不是低标准的。
Part of the goal for ASEAN countries, most of them are now entering into a stage of development where they don't want to just be sending raw materials to someplace else to have them developed, they want to be creating value starting their own businesses, making sure that they are part of the 21st century economy. And that requires upgrading skills, education for their populations. We think we can be helpful in those areas. 对于东盟国家来说，它们中的大多数正进入一个发展阶段，它们不想只把原材料送到其他地方去加工，它们想要创造价值，创办自己的企业，确保它们成为21世纪经济的一部分。这需要提升人口的技能和教育水平。我们认为我们可以在这些方面提供帮助。
And we want to encourage high educational levels in ASEAN countries because then it's less likely that workers are exploited. And that means then that you're competing with us because you have the best ideas and the best products, as opposed to just you have the cheapest labor. And if all that ASEAN countries are offering are cheap labor, then what happens is U.S. workers get hurt and you don't necessarily see an improvement in standards of living for those ASEAN countries. 我们希望鼓励东盟国家提高教育水平，因为这样工人就不太可能被剥削。这意味着你们将因为拥有最好的想法和产品而与我们竞争，而不是仅仅因为拥有最便宜的劳动力。如果东盟国家提供的只是廉价劳动力，那么美国工人就会受到伤害，而东盟国家的生活水平也不一定会得到改善。
If everybody is operating at a higher level then we're all competing on an even playing field, and over time that will result in more growth and more development in ASEAN countries. But I think skills training is the most important thing. I think that the power of the Internet to access markets and ideas will be particularly important for ASEAN countries. 如果每个人都在更高水平上运作，那么我们都将在公平的竞争环境中竞争，随着时间的推移，这将为东盟国家带来更多增长和发展。但我认为技能培训是最重要的。我认为，互联网接入市场和思想的力量对东盟国家来说将尤为重要。
Infrastructure is something that still needs to get done. I think there is still under-investment of infrastructure in that region. I know there was some controversy a while back because China wanted to start an Asia infrastructure bank; we haven't yet signed on to participate. 基础设施仍是需要完成的工作。我认为该地区的基础设施投资仍然不足。我知道前一段时间有一些争议，因为中国想成立亚洲基础设施投资银行；我们还没有签署参与协议。
I want to be very clear -- we actually want China to invest in infrastructure in that region. We want to make sure that the investments are actually good for the people in those countries, which means transparency in terms of how decisions are made at this new bank. But we'll continue with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank and other institutions, and try to encourage not only investment in human capital, but also the infrastructure that's needed. 我想说得非常清楚——我们实际上希望中国在该地区投资基础设施。我们希望确保这些投资真正有利于这些国家的人民，这意味着这家新银行的决策方式要有透明度。但我们将继续通过亚洲开发银行、世界银行和其他机构，努力鼓励不仅投资于人力资本，也投资于所需的基础设施。
And finally, I think sustainability is going to be critical. I worry about the great forests of Indonesia and Malaysia. If those all just become palm oil plantations, and deforestation continues at the same pace it has, then the prospects of additional accelerated climate change are very powerful, not to mention the loss of species and biodiversity. 最后，我认为可持续性将至关重要。我担心印度尼西亚和马来西亚的大片森林。如果这些森林都变成棕榈油种植园，森林砍伐继续以目前的速度进行，那么气候变化进一步加速的前景将非常严峻，更不用说物种和生物多样性的丧失了。
The oceans, if you get overfishing, that's a problem; pollution. Given how populated these areas are, it's very important that economic development ties in with sustainable development. Otherwise, I think we'll all have problems. Okay. That's good. So, young lady right here. 海洋方面，如果过度捕捞，那将是一个问题；还有污染。考虑到这些地区的人口密度，经济发展必须与可持续发展相结合，这一点非常重要。否则，我认为我们都会有麻烦。好的。很好。那么，这位年轻女士，请到这边来。
Question: Mabuhay. 提问：你好。（菲律宾语问候）
President Obama: Mabuhay. 奥巴马总统：你好。
Question: Mabuhay, Mr. President. I'm a city council member of Davao City, the Philippines. There are a handful -- or a there are a few elected officials, some are YSEALI fellows. I really would like to know what is your word of advice for a young, budding political leader, young legislator, elected official like me in a developing democracy like the Philippines? Thank you. 提问：总统先生，您好。我是菲律宾达沃市的市议员。有一些——有几位民选官员，其中一些是YSEALI奖学金获得者。我真的很想知道，对于像我这样在菲律宾这样发展中民主国家的年轻政治领袖、年轻议员、民选官员，您有什么忠告？谢谢您。
President Obama: That's great. Well, I think -- my first advice is don't be shy, and obviously you're okay. I think you're doing to do great. 奥巴马总统：太好了。嗯，我认为——我的第一个建议是不要害羞，显然你没问题。我觉得你会做得很好。
I think that when I think about my own political career, when I look at other political careers that I admire, I think the most important thing is to have a sense of principle and why you're in public service. I think sometimes people want to be in public service just because they like seeing their name up in lights, they like being important. And that's a bad reason to go into politics; you should be like an actress or a singer, or make a lot of money. 当我回顾自己的政治生涯，当我审视其他我钦佩的政治生涯时，我认为最重要的是要有原则感，知道你为什么要从事公共服务。我认为有时候人们想从事公共服务只是因为他们喜欢看到自己的名字引人注目，喜欢显得重要。这不是从政的好理由；你应该去当演员或歌手，或者赚很多钱。
But if you're going into politics and public service, there's only one good reason to do it, and that is because you want to help people. And you should know what it is that you stand for and what you believe in. It doesn't mean that you won't have to compromise. It doesn't mean that you might not change your mind about an issue as you go forward and you learn more and you have more experience. But you should have something inside of you that says, these are the things that are really important to me that I will not compromise on, all right? 但如果你要从政和从事公共服务，只有一个好的理由，那就是因为你想帮助别人。你应该知道你代表什么，你信仰什么。这并不意味着你不必妥协。这并不意味着随着你不断前进、学到更多、有了更多经验，你不会改变对某个问题的看法。但你内心深处应该有一个声音说，这些是对我来说真正重要的事情，我不会在这些事情上妥协，明白吗？
So for me, throughout my political career, even before I was in politics and I was just working as a community organizer, I knew that I wanted to work to create more opportunity for all people; that my orientation was always how does this help the poor or the marginalized, or somebody who has less opportunity then me; how is this going to help them if they work hard to get ahead. 对我来说，在我的整个政治生涯中，甚至在我从政之前、当我只是一名社区组织者的时候，我就知道我想为所有人创造更多机会；我的方向始终是，这如何帮助穷人或边缘群体，或者那些比我机会少的人；如果他们努力工作，这将如何帮助他们出人头地。
I know that one of the important principles for me has always been treating everybody fairly. So whether that's women or people of different races or different religious faiths or different sexual orientations, that one of my core principles is that I will never engage in a politics in which I'm trying to divide people or make them less than me because they look different or have a different religion. That's a core principle. That's not something I would violate, right? 我知道对我来说最重要的原则之一一直是公平对待每一个人。所以无论是女性、不同种族的人、不同宗教信仰的人还是不同性取向的人，我的核心原则之一是，我永远不会参与那种试图分裂人民或因为别人看起来不同或信仰不同就贬低他们的政治。这是一个核心原则。这是我不会违反的，对吧？
So if you have a clear view of what you stand for, then as you move forward, you'll have setbacks. There will be times where you didn't succeed. There will be times where you're frustrated. There will be times you might even lose an election sometimes. But at least you'll know every morning when you wake up and you look at yourself in the mirror, I know who I am and why I'm doing what I'm doing. 所以，如果你清楚自己代表什么，那么当你前进时，你会遭遇挫折。会有你不成功的时候。会有你感到沮丧的时候。会有你甚至可能输掉选举的时候。但至少你每天早上醒来照镜子时会知道，我知道我是谁，我知道我为什么在做我正在做的事情。
And I think those are the people who eventually end up having successful careers because people sense that integrity and that leadership. Even if they don't agree with you, at least they know you believe in something. 我认为那些人最终会拥有成功的事业，因为人们能感受到那种正直和领导力。即使他们不同意你的观点，至少他们知道你有信仰。
And unfortunately, too many politicians, they're just climbing the ladder but they don't know why. And when they get there, then they're not very effective leaders. Or they become much more subject to the temptations of corruption because all they're worried about is I want to hang on to my power, and I'm willing to give up anything in order to do it. 不幸的是，太多的政客只是在往上爬，但他们不知道为什么。当他们到达顶峰时，他们并不是非常有效的领导者。或者他们更容易受到腐败的诱惑，因为他们所担心的只是我要保住我的权力，为此我愿意放弃一切。
You have to be willing to lose something for your principles. You have to be willing to lose an election because you think that there's something that's more important than you just winning an election. And if you do that now -- but you have to -- you should try to win. I'm not saying you should try to lose. But you have to stand for something. That's my most important advice. Gentleman in the gray suit right there. Yes, you. 你必须愿意为你的原则失去一些东西。你必须愿意输掉一场选举，因为你认为有比赢得选举更重要的事情。如果你现在就这样做——但你必须——你应该努力去赢。我不是说你应该故意输。但你必须有所坚守。这是我最重要的建议。穿灰色西装的那位先生，就是你。
Question: Thank you. I come from Vietnam. Like many others, I look forward to seeing you and the First Lady visiting my country, Vietnam, in the near future. I have a question. Mr. President, what do you expect the young people in the Southeast Asian countries doing in dealing with the current challenges to the peace, stability, respect to international law like the [inaudible], while promoting the cooperation between the 10 countries with others, including especially with the United States? Thank you. 提问：谢谢您。我来自越南。和很多人一样，我期待着您和第一夫人在不久的将来访问我的国家越南。我有一个问题。总统先生，您认为东南亚国家的年轻人应该如何应对当前和平、稳定、尊重国际法等方面的挑战，比如[听不清]，同时促进这10个国家与其他国家、特别是与美国的合作？谢谢您。
President Obama: Especially with? I'm sorry, the last part? 奥巴马总统：特别是与？对不起，最后一部分？
Question: Especially with the United States. 提问：特别是与美国。
President Obama: Oh, with the United States. Well, look, I think that -- I've seen already significant progress with ASEAN countries over the last six years that I've been attending the ASEAN meetings and the East Asia Summit. And I think initially the meetings would oftentimes just be symbolic, and there would be a lot of pleasantries and a lot of meetings and cultural events. But we didn't always have an agenda. 奥巴马总统：哦，与美国。嗯，听着，我认为——在过去六年里，我参加了东盟会议和东亚峰会，我已经看到东盟国家取得了重大进展。我认为最初这些会议往往只是象征性的，有很多客套话，很多会议和文化活动。但我们并不总是有一个议程。
And I think one of the things that you've started to see is people working much more concretely on what are we trying to accomplish here. How do we develop more capacity, for example, in the region around disaster relief so that if, heaven forbid, there's another typhoon of the sort that we saw in the Philippines, or if, in fact, that we see some other natural tragedy that all the countries assets can be brought to bear, and we've done the training ahead of time to know who can help and how they can help? 我认为你们已经开始看到的一件事是，人们正在更加具体地努力，弄清楚我们在这里想要实现什么。例如，我们如何在救灾方面发展更多的地区能力，这样，如果——但愿不会——再发生一场像我们在菲律宾看到的那样的台风，或者如果真的发生其他自然灾害，所有国家的资源都可以投入使用，而且我们已经提前做了培训，知道谁能帮忙、怎么帮忙？
I think the -- trying to work on coming up with standards around maritime law is a big challenge. And obviously, there's significant tension right now between many of the ASEAN countries and China, as well as the United States with China, around the South China Sea and how those issues are going to be resolved. 我认为——努力制定海事法标准是一个巨大的挑战。显然，目前许多东盟国家与中国之间，以及美国与中国之间，在南海问题上存在着重大的紧张关系，以及这些问题将如何解决。
ASEAN has been very constructive in trying to put together a code of conduct that all countries should abide by so that disputes around maritime boundaries are resolved through law and an impartial process, rather than just based on who's the biggest. And that I think is going to be very important. ASEAN can play an important role in those areas. 东盟在努力制定所有国家都应遵守的行为准则方面非常具有建设性，这样海洋边界争端就可以通过法律和公正的程序解决，而不是看谁的拳头大。我认为这将非常重要。东盟可以在这些领域发挥重要作用。
Environmental issues I've already mentioned. This is a very fast-growing region, and it is important to make sure that there's a lot of cooperation between countries because small fisheries, et cetera -- those don't always observe national boundaries. And so, working together, you can accomplish more. 我已经提到过环境问题。这是一个发展非常迅速的地区，确保国家之间有很多合作非常重要，因为小型渔业等等——它们并不总是遵守国界。所以，共同努力，你们可以取得更多成就。
And then human rights issues, and democracy issues, reinforcing good habits among the countries is very important. I think it's fair to say that the elections that will be taking place in Myanmar would not have happened if it hadn't been for the good example that Indonesia set with its transition, and other ASEAN countries showing the path from military rule towards democracy, and how, through all the lessons that have been learned, that could be accomplished. And that I think created more space within Myanmar to -- and President Thein Sein to feel that this is possible. 然后是人权问题和民主问题，在国家之间强化良好习惯非常重要。我认为可以公平地说，如果不是印度尼西亚转型树立的好榜样，以及其他东盟国家展示了从军法统治走向民主的道路以及如何通过吸取的所有经验教训实现这一点，缅甸即将举行的选举就不会发生。我认为这为缅甸——以及吴登盛总统——创造了更多空间，让他们觉得这是可能的。
So part of the goal here is to make sure that each country is reinforcing the best habits and laws, and observing human rights, and being critical when one country slips but in a constructive way that allows for a path to improvement. And I think ASEAN can do that uniquely. And the United States will be a partner. We have, obviously, bilateral relationships with each of these countries, but we also want to be a partner with the group as a whole to encourage this cooperative model going forward. Okay. Young lady right there, yes. 所以这里的部分目标是确保每个国家都在强化最好的习惯和法律，尊重人权，并在一个国家出现偏差时以建设性的方式提出批评，使其有一条改进的道路。我认为东盟可以独特地做到这一点。美国将成为伙伴。显然，我们与每个国家都有双边关系，但我们也希望与整个集团成为伙伴，鼓励这种合作模式向前发展。好的。这位年轻女士，是的。
Question: Good afternoon, Mr. President. I'm from Indonesia. I work as a data analyst in the World Bank Indonesia Country Office. My YSEALI theme is civic engagement. My question to you: Now that your second term in the office is about to end, how do you want the world to remember you? Thank you. 提问：总统先生，下午好。我来自印度尼西亚。我在世界银行印度尼西亚国家办事处担任数据分析师。我的YSEALI主题是公民参与。我的问题是：既然您的第二任期即将结束，您希望世界如何记住您？谢谢您。
President Obama: Fondly, I hope. I still have 20 months in office so I've got a lot of work still to do before I can start thinking about looking backwards. I'm still very much focused on what's in front of me. 奥巴马总统：我希望是美好的回忆。我还有20个月的任期，所以在我开始回顾过去之前，还有很多工作要做。我仍然非常专注于眼前的工作。
But obviously there are things that I've been proud of. When I came into office, the United States and the world was going through a terrible economic crisis -- the worst, really, since the 1930s. And it was hard but we ended up avoiding a terrible depression. And within a year, the economy was growing again. Here in the United States now, we're back to the pre-crisis employment levels. Our auto industry was saved. 但显然，有一些事情让我感到自豪。当我就职时，美国和世界正经历一场可怕的经济危机——真的是自1930年代以来最严重的一次。这很艰难，但我们最终避免了一场可怕的萧条。一年内，经济恢复了增长。现在在美国，我们的就业水平已经回到了危机前的水平。我们的汽车工业得救了。
But also, internationally, we averted a much worse crisis because of, in part, the leadership the United States showed along with international institutions and central banks managing -- that was very important. That's an important legacy for me. 而且，在国际上，我们避免了一场更严重的危机，部分原因是美国与国际机构和各国央行一道展现出的领导力——这非常重要。这对我来说是一项重要的遗产。
I think that the work that I've done to provide health insurance for people here in the United States and to provide more educational opportunity is consistent with the principles that I talked about, the reason I got into politics. 我认为我为美国人民提供医疗保险和更多教育机会所做的工作，与我所谈到的原则、与我从政的原因是一致的。
Internationally, we've reinvigorated diplomacy in a whole variety of ways. People don't remember -- when I came into office, the United States in world opinion ranked below China and just barely above Russia. And today, once again, the United States is the most respected country on Earth. And part of that, I think, is because of the work that we did to reengage the world and say that we want to work with you as partners with mutual interest and mutual respect. 在国际上，我们以多种方式重振了外交。人们不记得了——当我就职时，美国在世界舆论中的排名在中国之下，略高于俄罗斯。而今天，美国再次成为世界上最受尊重的国家。部分原因，我认为是因为我们所做的工作，重新接触世界，说我们希望与你们作为伙伴合作，有着共同的利益和相互的尊重。
It's on that basis that we were able to end two wars while still focusing on the very real threat of terrorism and to try to work with our partners on the ground in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. It's the reason why we are moving in the direction of normalizing relations with Cuba. The nuclear deal that we're trying to negotiate with Iran. Our efforts to help encourage democracy in Myanmar. 正是在此基础上，我们得以结束两场战争，同时仍然关注恐怖主义这一非常现实的威胁，并努力与我们在伊拉克和阿富汗等地的当地伙伴合作。正是因为这个原因，我们正在朝着与古巴关系正常化的方向前进。我们正在努力与伊朗谈判达成核协议。我们为鼓励缅甸民主所做的努力。
I think the people of Myanmar deserve the credit for this new opening. But my visit there didn't hurt in trying to reinforce the possibilities of freedom for 40 million people. And so that direct engagement, the work that we've done to build and strengthen international organizations -- including on issues like public health and the fight against Ebola is just the most recent example of that -- I think we've been able to put our international relationships on a very strong footing. 我认为缅甸人民应该为这一新的开放局面获得荣誉。但我的访问在强化4000万人民对自由的可能性方面也没有坏处。因此，这种直接接触，我们为建立和加强国际组织所做的工作——包括在公共卫生和抗击埃博拉等问题上，这只是最新的例子——我认为我们已经能够将我们的国际关系建立在非常牢固的基础之上。
That allows us then to work more cooperatively with other countries moving forward to meet the important challenges ahead. But I've still got a lot of work to do. So maybe in 18 months, I'll check back with you and I'll let you know. All right. Gentleman right here with the sash. 这使我们能够在前进的过程中与其他国家更合作地工作，以应对未来的重要挑战。但我还有很多工作要做。所以也许18个月后，我会再和你讨论，我会告诉你的。好的。戴肩带的那位先生，这边请。
Question: Hello, Mr. President Obama. I'm from Burma. And firstly, I would like to say hello on behalf of my family. And my question is, I work in tourism business in Burma, and my question is that -- what do you see critical areas in where the U.S. can contribute economic development in Burma? Thank you so much. 提问：奥巴马总统您好。我来自缅甸。首先，我想代表我的家人向您问好。我的问题是，我在缅甸从事旅游业，我的问题是——您认为美国可以在哪些关键领域为缅甸的经济发展做出贡献？非常感谢。
President Obama: Well, Burma, Myanmar, you know, it lost a lot of time over the last 40 years because of the very tight controls on the economy and the discouragement of entrepreneurship and new businesses. Part of the reason why I was so struck when I traveled to Myanmar was it reminded me of when I first arrived in Indonesia back in 1967 -- whereas when I go to Jakarta now, or Singapore or Bangkok, it looks completely different. This looked like the past. 奥巴马总统：缅甸，在过去40年里，由于对经济的严格控制以及对创业和新企业的抑制，它失去了很多时间。我去缅甸时感到如此震撼的部分原因是，它让我想起了1967年我第一次到达印度尼西亚时的情景——而现在我去雅加达、新加坡或曼谷，看起来完全不同了。这里看起来像过去。
So there's a lot of catching up to do. The good news is, though, countries that are still at those early stages of development, they can grow very fast because there's so much pent-up energy and opportunity. 所以有很多功课要补。不过好消息是，那些仍处于早期发展阶段的国家可以增长得非常快，因为有太多被压抑的能量和机会。
And I think the most important thing is going to be establishing rule of law and systems and practices where if you start a business, you can feel confident that you don't have to pay 100 bribes and you don't have to hire somebody's son, and that you can make a profit; that if there's a foreign investor, that they can invest and be treated fairly, and that their rights and their intellectual property and their property are protected. 我认为最重要的是建立法治和制度与实践，让你创业时可以确信，你不需要支付100次贿赂，不需要雇用某人的儿子，你可以获利；如果有外国投资者，他们可以投资并得到公平对待，他们的权利、知识产权和财产都受到保护。
Those basic systems of law where those are established, those countries can do well because the natural talents of the people and the incredible resources and hard work of the people then pay off. 那些建立了基本法律体系的国家可以发展得很好，因为人民的天赋和惊人的资源以及人民的辛勤工作都会得到回报。
I mean, look at Singapore. Singapore is a tiny, little place. It has really nothing -- no resources to speak of. But today, when you travel to Singapore, it is as prosperous as any place in the world. Why is that? Well, part of it is that it's set up a set of systems where if businesses were started or investors came in, they knew that they could find a very skilled workforce; they knew that the rules were international-standard rules in terms of operations. 想想新加坡。新加坡是一个很小的地方。它真的什么都没有——没有任何资源。但今天，当你去新加坡旅行时，它和世界上任何地方一样繁荣。为什么？部分原因是它建立了一套制度，当企业创办或投资者到来时，他们知道他们可以找到非常熟练的劳动力；他们知道规则是国际标准的运作规则。
So it will take some time for I think Myanmar to move in that direction. But you have your own models even in -- among the ASEAN countries. You don't have to look to the United States; you can look at just your -- some of your neighbors to see what is required for success. And what the United States will try to do is to provide technical assistance, and we will also try to provide direct assistance, particularly around building skills and education. Because one of the keys is to make sure that you have a workforce that can add value. 所以我认为缅甸要朝着那个方向发展需要一些时间。但即使在东盟国家中，你们也有自己的榜样。你不必看美国；你可以看看你的——一些邻国，看看成功需要什么。美国将努力做的是提供技术援助，我们也将努力提供直接援助，特别是在技能建设和教育方面。因为关键之一是确保你拥有能够增值的劳动力。
In the age of the Internet, when companies can locate anywhere, the most important thing is to find someplace where there is security -- so there's no conflict -- where there's rule of law, and the people are highly skilled. And if you have those three things, then people will invest. Yes, go ahead. 在互联网时代，当公司可以设在任何地方时，最重要的是找到一个有安全保障——没有冲突——有法治，人民技能高超的地方。如果你有这三样东西，那么人们就会投资。好的，请讲。
Question: Good afternoon, Mr. President. I'm from Thailand. And now I work on the anti-human-trafficking issue in Thailand and neighboring country. So today, I would like to ask you if you were a Rohingya, which country would you prefer to live with and why? Thank you so much. 提问：总统先生，下午好。我来自泰国。我现在在泰国及邻国从事反人口贩卖工作。所以今天，我想问您，如果您是一名罗兴亚人，您更愿意住在哪个国家，为什么？非常感谢。
President Obama: That's an interesting question. Let me speak more broadly, and then I'll answer your question. 奥巴马总统：这是个有趣的问题。让我先更广泛地谈谈，然后我会回答你的问题。
We were talking earlier about what's required for Myanmar to succeed. I think one of the most important things is to put an end to discrimination against people because of what they look like or what their faith is. And the Rohingya have been discriminated against significantly, and that's part of the reason they're fleeing. 我们早些时候谈到了缅甸成功所需的条件。我认为最重要的事情之一是结束因长相或信仰而对人的歧视。罗兴亚人受到了严重的歧视，这是他们逃离的部分原因。
I think if I were a Rohingya, I would want to stay where I was born. I'd want to stay in the land where my parents had lived. But I'd want to make sure that my government was protecting me, and that people were treating me fairly. That's what I'd want. And that's why it's so important I think, as part of the democratic transition, to take very seriously this issue of how the Rohingya are treated. 我想如果我是罗兴亚人，我会想留在我出生的地方。我想留在我父母生活过的土地上。但我希望确保我的政府在保护我，人们公平对待我。这就是我想要的。这就是为什么我认为，作为民主转型的一部分，必须非常严肃地对待罗兴亚人的待遇问题。
One of the things about discriminating against people or treating people differently is, by definition, that means that people will treat you differently, and you never know when you will find yourself in a situation in which you are a minority, where you are vulnerable, where you're not being treated fairly. 歧视他人或区别对待他人的一个问题是，根据定义，这意味着人们也会区别对待你，你永远不知道什么时候你会发现自己处于少数群体的境地，处于弱势地位，受到不公平的对待。
And right now, obviously, our focus is on making sure that those who are being subject to human trafficking and are, in some cases right now, still in a very perilous situation out in the open sea, that they are relocated. I want to commend Indonesia and Malaysia for their willingness to take on thousands of these displaced persons. The United States, as part of our refugee process, will take some. We put over $100 million over the last several years in Burma to make sure that minority groups, including the Rohingya, are protected against. 显然，目前我们的重点是确保那些遭受人口贩运的人，以及那些现在在某些情况下仍处于公海上非常危险境地的人，得到重新安置。我要赞扬印度尼西亚和马来西亚愿意接收数千名这些流离失所者。作为我们难民程序的一部分，美国也将接收一些。过去几年，我们在缅甸投入了1亿多美元，以确保包括罗兴亚人在内的少数群体得到保护。
But, ultimately, this is going to be a great test for the democracy of the future. Not just in Burma and Myanmar, but in areas all throughout the country. When I was -- and I know this directly because when I was young and I was living in Indonesia, there were times where there were anti-Chinese riots that were very violent and vicious. And, in fact, sometimes the Chinese Indonesians were treated very similarly to how Jewish Europeans were treated in Europe, and subject to stereotypes and resentments. 但归根结底，这将是对未来民主的一次重大考验。不仅仅是在缅甸，而且在全国各地。当我——我直接知道这一点，因为我年轻时住在印度尼西亚，有几次发生了反华骚乱，非常暴力和恶毒。事实上，有时印尼华人受到的对待与欧洲犹太人在欧洲受到的对待非常相似，遭受刻板印象和怨恨。
And the truth of the matter is, one of the reasons that Singapore, I mentioned earlier, has been successful, is that it has been able to bring together people who may look different but they all think of themselves as part of Singapore. And that has to be a strength, not a weakness. But that requires leadership and government being true to those principles. 事实是，我之前提到的新加坡之所以成功，原因之一是它能够将看起来不同但都认为自己是新加坡人的人们团结在一起。这必须是一种优势，而不是劣势。但这需要领导力，需要政府忠于这些原则。
To their credit, the Indonesian government when I was growing up was very good about not discriminating on the base of religion despite the fact that it was 98 percent Muslim. And I think that the tolerance towards other faiths historically in Indonesia has been part of what's contributed to progress there. You haven't seen the same kind of sectarian animosity that you've seen in parts of the Middle East. 值得称赞的是，在我成长过程中，印度尼西亚政府在不基于宗教进行歧视方面做得非常好，尽管该国98%是穆斯林。我认为印度尼西亚历史上对其他信仰的宽容是其进步的部分原因。你没有看到像中东部分地区那样的教派敌意。
But the one thing I know is countries that divide themselves on racial or religious lines, they do not succeed. They do not succeed. That's rule number one. Rule number two is nations that suppress their women do not succeed. They don't succeed. Not only is it bad because half of the country is not successful -- because they're not getting education and opportunity -- but it's women who teach children, which means the children are less educated, if you're not teaching the moms. 但我知道的一件事是，那些按种族或宗教划分自己的国家，不会成功。它们不会成功。这是第一条规则。第二条规则是，压迫妇女的国家不会成功。它们不会成功。这不仅糟糕，因为国家的一半人口没有成功——因为她们没有得到教育和机会——而且是妇女教育孩子，这意味着如果不教育母亲，孩子的受教育程度就会更低。
So there are some -- each country is different, but there are some rules if you look at development patterns around the world that are pretty consistent. And those are two pretty good rules. Don't divide yourself on religious and ethnic lines and racial lines. And don't discriminate against women. If you do those two things, you're not guaranteed success but at least you're not guaranteed failure. I've got time for one more, two more. I definitely don't have time for 30 more. Two more. I've got time for two more. It's a gentleman's turn. 所以——每个国家都不同，但如果你看看世界各地的发展模式，有一些规律是相当一致的。这两条就是相当好的规律。不要按宗教、族裔和种族划分自己。不要歧视妇女。如果你做这两件事，你不能保证成功，但至少你不会注定失败。我还有时间再回答一两个问题。我肯定没有时间回答30个了。再回答两个。我还有时间回答两个问题。轮到男士了。
Question: Good afternoon, Mr. President. I'm from Malaysia. I work at Department of Irrigation and Drainage in Malaysia. My YSEALI theme is environmental sustainability. And my question for you is, what have you learned about leadership and life as being President in comparison to what you have might not learned if you were not a President? 提问：总统先生，下午好。我来自马来西亚。我在马来西亚灌溉排水部门工作。我的YSEALI主题是环境可持续性。我的问题是，与不当总统相比，当总统让您对领导力和人生有了哪些额外的感悟？
President Obama: As President you -- I think probably what makes this job unique is that you are the ultimate decision-maker. So there are other people who work as hard as I do. My staff works very, very hard. They're just as smart or smarter than I am. They care just as much or more than I do. They have wonderful qualities. 奥巴马总统：作为总统——我认为这份工作的独特之处可能在于你是最终决策者。所以还有其他人工作和我一样努力。我的员工工作非常非常努力。他们和我一样聪明，甚至更聪明。他们和我一样关心，甚至更关心。他们有优秀的品质。
But the one thing as President is that ultimately there's nobody you can pass it on to. Harry Truman, one of our best Presidents, once said, the buck stops here. He meant at his desk. And it's true. 但作为总统，有一件事是，最终你没有人可以推诿。哈里·杜鲁门，我们最伟大的总统之一，曾经说过，责任止于此。他是指在他的办公桌上。这是真的。
And usually by the time a decision comes to my desk, you know that it's a very hard problem because if it was easy somebody else would have solved it. And so probably the thing that I uniquely have had to learn in the presidency that is -- I hadn't learned as well in other jobs is the ability to look at all the information that you have, listen to all the advice that's there, and the different viewpoints that may exist about an issue, to try to make a decision based not on what is easiest, but what I think is the best long-term solution; 通常当一个问题摆到我办公桌上时，你就知道这是一个非常难的问题，因为如果容易的话，别人早就解决了。所以可能我在总统任期内独特地学到的、在其他工作中没有学到的东西是，有能力审视你掌握的所有信息，倾听所有的建议，以及关于一个问题可能存在的不同观点，努力不基于最容易的方式、而是基于我认为最好的长期解决方案做出决定；
and then feel comfortable in the knowledge that I may be wrong, and that there will be significant consequences if I am wrong, to have to have the courage then maybe six months later or a year later to admit this didn't work, and then to try something new. 然后坦然接受我可能错了的事实，接受如果我错了会有重大后果的事实，然后有勇气在六个月或一年后承认这行不通，然后尝试新的方法。
But being willing to take responsibility for making hard decisions, not be paralyzed because you know there are big consequences to them, and then being able to adapt based on the evidence as to whether it worked or not I think is the most important lesson I've learned. And that's not something that you have to -- is just unique to being President. 但愿意为艰难的决定承担责任，不会因为知道有重大后果而瘫痪，然后能够根据证据判断它是否有效并做出调整，我认为这是我学到的最重要的教训。这并不是只有当总统才需要的。
I think in whatever your job is you should be willing to take responsibility for getting the best information, to listening to everybody, but then you have to just -- you have to make a decision and understand then that you have to continue to evaluate it. And I think that that's been very important. 我认为无论你的工作是什么，你都应该愿意承担责任，获取最好的信息，倾听每个人的意见，但然后你必须——你必须做出决定，并理解你必须继续评估它。我认为这非常重要。
The second lesson, which is something that you just learn more of as President, but all of you have already learned in some ways in your work is to surround yourself with the best people. Your most important job is to create a team of people, some of whom have talents that you don't have, to make up for your weaknesses; and then to want to make them better, and make them successful. 第二个教训，这是你当总统后会有更多体会的，但你们所有人在工作中都已经在某种程度上学到了，就是让最优秀的人围绕在你身边。你最重要的工作是组建一个团队，其中一些人拥有你没有的才能，来弥补你的弱点；然后希望让他们变得更好，让他们成功。
Because if they're successful, then the team is successful. So you're not a good leader if you don't want somebody who is smarter than you because you think, oh, well, maybe they'll shine more than you do. Then you're not a very good leader because your team won't succeed. 因为如果他们成功了，团队就成功了。所以如果你不想要比你聪明的人，因为你觉得，哦，也许他们会比你更耀眼，那你就不是一个好的领导者，因为你的团队不会成功。
So I'm always looking for -- who are people who are much smarter than me, or much more organized than I am, or much better analysts. And my job then is just to be able to weave them together so they're all working together effectively. And if you're doing that, then you're a good leader. And you should be constantly thinking how can I help this person do their jobs even better. 所以我总是在寻找——谁比我聪明得多，或者比我有条理得多，或者分析能力强得多。然后我的工作就是把他们编织在一起，让他们都有效地合作。如果你这样做了，那么你就是一个好的领导者。你应该不断思考，我怎样才能帮助这个人把工作做得更好。
And the good news is if you do that and people recognize that you care about them being successful, then they'll work harder, and they'll want to do even better. And they'll appreciate you because they know that you're helping them, instead of trying to keep them subordinate to you. Last question. And all the men should put down their hands because it's a woman's turn. No, all the guys have to put their hands down. This young lady in the yellow right here, right in the corner, right here. 好消息是，如果你这样做了，人们意识到你关心他们的成功，那么他们会更努力工作，他们会想做得更好。他们会感激你，因为他们知道你在帮助他们，而不是试图让他们屈从于你。最后一个问题。所有男士都把手放下，因为轮到女士了。不，所有男生都必须把手放下。穿黄色衣服的那位年轻女士，就在角落里，就是你。
Question: Thank you, President. Good afternoon, sir. I'm from Vietnam. Currently, I'm working for the Da Nang Institute for Socio-Economic Development. And first of all, I would like to say thank you to you for giving us this unique opportunity to come to the United States and to meet you today. My question for you is, what is your opinion about disputes and China's action in the East Sea or so-called the South China Sea? 提问：谢谢您，总统。先生，下午好。我来自越南。目前我在岘港社会经济发展研究所工作。首先，我要感谢您给我们这个独特的机会来到美国并今天与您见面。我的问题是，您对东海即所谓南海的争端和中国的行动有何看法？
President Obama: Well, as I already mentioned, what has allowed all of Asia to prosper over the last two, three decades -- including China -- is there's been relative peace and stability, freedom of navigation, freedom of commerce. And all of that has been underwritten, all of that has been because there have been certain rules that everybody has followed. 奥巴马总统：正如我已经提到的，让整个亚洲在过去二三十年里繁荣发展的因素——包括中国——是相对的和平与稳定、航行自由和商业自由。所有这一切之所以有保障，都是因为每个人都遵守了某些规则。
Freedom of navigation requires that people observe basic conduct about, this far off, your territory is your territory; after that, it's international waters. If there's a dispute, then there's international mechanisms to adjudicate that dispute. 航行自由要求人们遵守基本行为准则，即离你领土这么远的地方是你的领土；超过之后就是国际水域。如果有争议，就有国际机制来裁决该争端。
If you start losing that approach and suddenly conflicts arise and claims are made based on how big the country is or how powerful its navy is instead of based on law, then I think Asia will be less prosperous and the Pacific region will be less prosperous. And that's why we've said directly to China and to other claimant countries, we don't have a claim to these areas. We're not parties in the dispute. But we do have a stake in making sure that they are resolved peacefully, diplomatically, and in accordance with internationally established standards. 如果你开始放弃这种方式，突然出现冲突，主张不是基于法律而是基于国家大小或海军强弱，那么我认为亚洲将不那么繁荣，太平洋地区将不那么繁荣。这就是为什么我们直接对中国和其他主张国说，我们对这些地区没有主张。我们不是争端的当事方。但我们确实有责任确保它们得到和平、外交的解决，并符合国际公认的标准。
And for that reason, we think that land reclamation, aggressive actions by any party in that area are counterproductive. And we will continue as an Asia Pacific power to support all countries who are prepared to work with us to establish and enforce norms and rules that can continue growth and prosperity in the region. 因此，我们认为，任何一方在该地区的填海造地和侵略行动都是适得其反的。作为一个亚太大国，我们将继续支持所有准备与我们合作的国家，建立和执行能够维持该地区增长与繁荣的规范和规则。
And the truth is, is that China is going to be successful. It's big, it's powerful, its people are talented and they work hard. And it may be that some of their claims are legitimate, but they shouldn't just try to establish that based on throwing elbows and pushing people out of the way. If, in fact, their claims are legitimate, people will recognize them. 事实是，中国将会成功。它很大，很强大，它的人民很有才华，工作很努力。也许他们的一些主张是合理的，但他们不应该仅仅通过咄咄逼人、排挤他人来确立这一点。事实上，如果他们的主张是合理的，人们会承认的。
I will say this, though, that I am very confident -- much more confident in the future of Southeast Asia, the Asia Pacific and the world, because I've had the opportunity to spend time with you. I think all of you are going to do outstanding work. And I want to make sure that you know that not only will this administration and the United States government continue to support the work that you do, but I personally, even after I leave office, will continue to have a great interest in seeing not only you succeed but those coming behind you -- young people like yourself succeed. 不过我要说的是，我非常有信心——对东南亚、亚太地区和世界的未来更有信心——因为我有机会与你们相处。我认为你们所有人都会做出色的工作。我想让你们知道，不仅本届政府和美国政府将继续支持你们的工作，而且我个人，即使在我卸任后，也将继续非常关注不仅你们取得成功，而且关注你们身后的人——像你们这样的年轻人——取得成功。
And I think you should be interested in making sure to promote YSEALI and the network and try to provide similar opportunities to other young people as you become more important in whatever your fields are in the future. Congratulations. Good luck. 我认为你们应该有兴趣推广YSEALI和这个网络，当你们在未来各自领域变得更加重要时，努力为其他年轻人提供类似的机会。祝贺你们。祝你们好运。
