Speech at Hradcany Square in Prague(布拉格城堡广场演讲)

演讲内容

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演讲背景:2009年4月5日,上任仅数月的美国总统奥巴马在布拉格城堡广场发表演讲,这是他就任后首次访问捷克。此时正值朝核问题升温——演讲当天朝鲜试射了一枚火箭,全球核扩散风险加剧。奥巴马在演讲中提出历史性的“无核武器世界”愿景,承诺美国将削减核武库、推动《全面禁止核试验条约》获批,并宣布在四年内确保全球所有易失核材料安全。演讲还涵盖跨大西洋联盟、气候变化与全球经济危机等议题,被视为其外交政策的标志性宣言,为此后美俄新START条约和核安全峰会奠定基础。

Thank you so much. Thank you for this wonderful welcome. Thank you to the people of Prague. Thank you to the people of the Czech Republic. 非常感谢大家。感谢你们如此热情的欢迎。感谢布拉格人民。感谢捷克共和国人民。

Today, I'm proud to stand here with you in the middle of this great city, in the center of Europe. And, to paraphrase one of my predecessors, I am also proud to be the man who brought Michelle Obama to Prague. 今天,我很自豪能与你们一同站在这座伟大城市的中心,站在欧洲的中心。而且,套用我一位前任的话说,我也很自豪成为把米歇尔·奥巴马带到布拉格的那个人。

To Mr. President, Mr. Prime Minister, to all the dignitaries who are here, thank you for your extraordinary hospitality. And to the people of the Czech Republic, thank you for your friendship to the United States. 总统先生、总理先生,以及在座的所有政要,感谢你们的盛情款待。也感谢捷克共和国人民对美国的友谊。

I've learned over many years to appreciate the good company and the good humor of the Czech people in my hometown of Chicago. Behind me is a statue of a hero of the Czech people -- Tomas Masaryk. In 1918, after America had pledged its support for Czech independence, Masaryk spoke to a crowd in Chicago that was estimated to be over 100,000. I don't think I can match his record -- but I am honored to follow his footsteps from Chicago to Prague. 多年来,我学会了欣赏我的家乡芝加哥的捷克人民的友善与幽默。在我身后,矗立着一位捷克人民英雄的雕像——托马斯·马萨里克。1918年,在美国承诺支持捷克独立之后,马萨里克在芝加哥向估计超过十万人的群众发表演讲。我想我无法打破他的纪录——但我很荣幸能沿着他从芝加哥到布拉格的足迹前行。

For over a thousand years, Prague has set itself apart from any other city in any other place. You've known war and peace. You've seen empires rise and fall. You've led revolutions in the arts and science, in politics and in poetry. Through it all, the people of Prague have insisted on pursuing their own path, and defining their own destiny. And this city -- this Golden City which is both ancient and youthful -- stands as a living monument to your unconquerable spirit. 一千多年来,布拉格在任何地方的城市中都独树一帜。你们经历过战争与和平。你们见证过帝国的兴衰。你们引领了艺术与科学、政治与诗歌领域的革命。在这一切之中,布拉格人民始终坚持走自己的道路,决定自己的命运。这座城市——这座既古老又年轻的"金色之城"——是你们不可征服精神的活的丰碑。

When I was born, the world was divided, and our nations were faced with very different circumstances. Few people would have predicted that someone like me would one day become the President of the United States. Few people would have predicted that an American President would one day be permitted to speak to an audience like this in Prague. Few would have imagined that the Czech Republic would become a free nation, a member of NATO, a leader of a united Europe. Those ideas would have been dismissed as dreams. 当我出生时,世界是分裂的,我们的国家面临着截然不同的境遇。很少有人会预料到,像我这样的人有一天会成为美国总统。很少有人会预料到,一位美国总统有一天会被允许在布拉格向这样的听众演讲。很少有人能想象,捷克共和国会成为一个自由的国家、北约的成员国、统一欧洲的领导者。这些想法都会被当作梦想而遭到摒弃。

We are here today because enough people ignored the voices who told them that the world could not change. 我们今天之所以能站在这里,是因为有足够多的人无视了那些告诉他们世界无法改变的声音。

We're here today because of the courage of those who stood up and took risks to say that freedom is a right for all people, no matter what side of a wall they live on, and no matter what they look like. 我们今天之所以能站在这里,是因为那些挺身而出、冒着风险宣告自由是所有人的权利的人们的勇气——无论他们生活在墙的哪一边,无论他们长什么样。

We are here today because of the Prague Spring -- because the simple and principled pursuit of liberty and opportunity shamed those who relied on the power of tanks and arms to put down the will of a people. 我们今天之所以能站在这里,是因为"布拉格之春"——因为对自由和机会那份朴素而坚定的追求,让那些依赖坦克和武力来镇压人民意志的人感到羞愧。

We are here today because 20 years ago, the people of this city took to the streets to claim the promise of a new day, and the fundamental human rights that had been denied them for far too long. Sametová Revoluce -- the Velvet Revolution taught us many things. It showed us that peaceful protest could shake the foundations of an empire, and expose the emptiness of an ideology. It showed us that small countries can play a pivotal role in world events, and that young people can lead the way in overcoming old conflicts. And it proved that moral leadership is more powerful than any weapon. 我们今天之所以能站在这里,是因为20年前,这座城市的人民走上街头,去争取新一天的承诺,以及那些被剥夺了太久的基本人权。"Sametová Revoluce"——天鹅绒革命教会了我们许多东西。它向我们表明,和平抗议能够动摇一个帝国的根基,揭露一种意识形态的空虚。它向我们表明,小国也能在世界事务中发挥关键作用,年轻人能够引领克服旧有冲突的道路。它还证明了道德领导力比任何武器都更有力量。

That's why I'm speaking to you in the center of a Europe that is peaceful, united and free -- because ordinary people believed that divisions could be bridged, even when their leaders did not. They believed that walls could come down; that peace could prevail. 正因如此,我在一个和平、统一、自由的欧洲的中心向你们演讲——因为普通百姓相信,即使他们的领导人不愿相信,分歧也可以被弥合。他们相信墙可以倒塌;和平可以到来。

We are here today because Americans and Czechs believed against all odds that today could be possible. 我们今天之所以能站在这里,是因为美国人和捷克人不顾一切地相信,今天的一切都是可能的。

Now, we share this common history. But now this generation -- our generation -- cannot stand still. We, too, have a choice to make. As the world has become less divided, it has become more interconnected. And we've seen events move faster than our ability to control them -- a global economy in crisis, a changing climate, the persistent dangers of old conflicts, new threats and the spread of catastrophic weapons. 如今,我们共享这段共同的历史。但现在这一代人——我们这一代人——不能停滞不前。我们也面临着一个选择。随着世界分裂的减少,世界变得更加相互关联。我们看到事件的发展速度超出了我们控制它们的能力——全球经济危机、气候变化、旧有冲突持续的危险、新的威胁以及灾难性武器的扩散。

None of these challenges can be solved quickly or easily. But all of them demand that we listen to one another and work together; that we focus on our common interests, not on occasional differences; and that we reaffirm our shared values, which are stronger than any force that could drive us apart. That is the work that we must carry on. That is the work that I have come to Europe to begin. 这些挑战没有哪一个可以迅速或轻松地解决。但所有这些挑战都要求我们彼此倾听、共同合作;要求我们关注共同利益,而非偶尔的分歧;要求我们重申共同的价值观,它比任何可能分裂我们的力量都更强大。那是我们必须继续推进的事业。那是我来到欧洲想要开启的事业。

To renew our prosperity, we need action coordinated across borders. That means investments to create new jobs. That means resisting the walls of protectionism that stand in the way of growth. That means a change in our financial system, with new rules to prevent abuse and future crisis. 为了重振繁荣,我们需要跨越国界的协调行动。这意味着投资以创造新的就业机会。这意味着抵制阻碍增长的贸易保护主义壁垒。这意味着改革我们的金融体系,用新规则来防止滥用和未来的危机。

And we have an obligation to our common prosperity and our common humanity to extend a hand to those emerging markets and impoverished people who are suffering the most, even though they may have had very little to do with financial crises, which is why we set aside over a trillion dollars for the International Monetary Fund earlier this week, to make sure that everybody -- everybody -- receives some assistance. 我们也有义务为了共同的繁荣和共同的人性,向那些遭受苦难最深的新兴市场和贫困人民伸出援手,尽管他们可能与金融危机几乎没有关系,这正是我们本周早些时候为国际货币基金组织拨出超过一万亿美元的原因,以确保每个人——每个人——都能获得一些援助。

Now, to protect our planet, now is the time to change the way that we use energy. Together, we must confront climate change by ending the world's dependence on fossil fuels, by tapping the power of new sources of energy like the wind and sun, and calling upon all nations to do their part. And I pledge to you that in this global effort, the United States is now ready to lead. 如今,为了保护我们的星球,是时候改变我们使用能源的方式了。我们必须共同应对气候变化,结束世界对化石燃料的依赖,开发风能和太阳能等新能源,并呼吁所有国家尽自己的责任。我向你们保证,在这一全球努力中,美国已准备好发挥领导作用。

To provide for our common security, we must strengthen our alliance. NATO was founded 60 years ago, after Communism took over Czechoslovakia. That was when the free world learned too late that it could not afford division. So we came together to forge the strongest alliance that the world has ever known. And we stood shoulder to shoulder -- year after year, decade after decade -- until an Iron Curtain was lifted, and freedom spread like flowing water. 为了保障我们共同的安全,我们必须加强我们的联盟。北约成立于60年前,当时共产主义刚刚接管了捷克斯洛伐克。那时自由世界才认识到,它承受不起分裂的代价,可惜为时已晚。于是我们走到一起,锻造了有史以来最强大的联盟。我们肩并肩站在一起——年复一年,十年又十年——直到铁幕被揭开,自由如流水般蔓延。

This marks the 10th year of NATO membership for the Czech Republic. And I know that many times in the 20th century, decisions were made without you at the table. Great powers let you down, or determined your destiny without your voice being heard. I am here to say that the United States will never turn its back on the people of this nation. We are bound by shared values, shared history and the enduring promise of our alliance. NATO's Article V states it clearly: An attack on one is an attack on all. That is a promise for our time, and for all time. 今年是捷克共和国加入北约的第10个年头。我知道,在20世纪的许多时候,决策都是在没有你们参与的情况下做出的。大国让你们失望,或者在你们的声音未被听见的情况下决定了你们的命运。我在这里要说,美国永远不会背弃这个国家的人民。我们被共同的价值观、共同的历史以及我们联盟持久的承诺紧紧相连。北约第五条款明确声明:对一个成员国的攻击就是对所有成员国的攻击。这是对我们这个时代的承诺,也是对永恒的承诺。

The people of the Czech Republic kept that promise after America was attacked; thousands were killed on our soil, and NATO responded. NATO's mission in Afghanistan is fundamental to the safety of people on both sides of the Atlantic. We are targeting the same al Qaeda terrorists who have struck from New York to London, and helping the Afghan people take responsibility for their future. 捷克共和国人民在美洲遭到袭击后履行了这一承诺;数千人在我们的国土上丧生,北约做出了回应。北约在阿富汗的使命对于大西洋两岸人民的安全至关重要。我们正在追击那些从纽约袭击到伦敦的同一批基地组织恐怖分子,并帮助阿富汗人民为他们的未来承担责任。

We are demonstrating that free nations can make common cause on behalf of our common security. And I want you to know that we honor the sacrifices of the Czech people in this endeavor, and mourn the loss of those you've lost. 我们正在证明,自由国家能够为了共同的安全而团结一致。我想让你们知道,我们尊重捷克人民在这一努力中的牺牲,并为你们所失去的人们哀悼。

But no alliance can afford to stand still. We must work together as NATO members so that we have contingency plans in place to deal with new threats, wherever they may come from. We must strengthen our cooperation with one another, and with other nations and institutions around the world, to confront dangers that recognize no borders. And we must pursue constructive relations with Russia on issues of common concern. 但任何联盟都不能停滞不前。作为北约成员国,我们必须共同努力,制定应对新威胁的应急计划,无论这些威胁来自何方。我们必须加强彼此之间以及与世界各国和机构的合作,以应对那些不分国界的危险。我们还必须在共同关心的问题上寻求与俄罗斯的建设性关系。

Now, one of those issues that I'll focus on today is fundamental to the security of our nations and to the peace of the world -- that's the future of nuclear weapons in the 21st century. 今天,我将聚焦的问题之一,关乎我们各国的安全和世界和平的根本——那就是21世纪核武器的未来。

The existence of thousands of nuclear weapons is the most dangerous legacy of the Cold War. No nuclear war was fought between the United States and the Soviet Union, but generations lived with the knowledge that their world could be erased in a single flash of light. Cities like Prague that existed for centuries, that embodied the beauty and the talent of so much of humanity, would have ceased to exist. 数以千计的核武器的存在,是冷战最危险的遗产。美国和苏联之间没有爆发核战争,但几代人生活在这样的认知中:他们的世界可能在一道闪光中消失。像布拉格这样存在了数个世纪、凝聚了如此多人性之美与才华的城市,将会不复存在。

Today, the Cold War has disappeared but thousands of those weapons have not. In a strange turn of history, the threat of global nuclear war has gone down, but the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up. More nations have acquired these weapons. Testing has continued. Black market trade in nuclear secrets and nuclear materials abound. 如今,冷战已经消失,但那些武器中的数千件依然存在。在历史的奇特转折中,全球核战争的威胁下降了,但核袭击的风险却上升了。更多的国家获得了这些武器。核试验仍在继续。核秘密和核材料的黑市交易猖獗。

The technology to build a bomb has spread. Terrorists are determined to buy, build or steal one. Our efforts to contain these dangers are centered on a global non-proliferation regime, but as more people and nations break the rules, we could reach the point where the center cannot hold. 制造炸弹的技术已经扩散。恐怖分子决心购买、制造或窃取一枚核弹。我们遏制这些危险的努力集中在一个全球不扩散机制上,但随着越来越多的人和国家违反规则,我们可能达到一个中心无法维系的临界点。

Now, understand, this matters to people everywhere. One nuclear weapon exploded in one city -- be it New York or Moscow, Islamabad or Mumbai, Tokyo or Tel Aviv, Paris or Prague -- could kill hundreds of thousands of people. And no matter where it happens, there is no end to what the consequences might be -- for our global safety, our security, our society, our economy, to our ultimate survival. 请理解,这关系到世界各地的每一个人。一枚核武器在一个城市爆炸——无论是纽约还是莫斯科,伊斯兰堡还是孟买,东京还是特拉维夫,巴黎还是布拉格——都可能造成数十万人死亡。无论它发生在哪里,其后果对于我们全球的安全、我们的保障、我们的社会、我们的经济,乃至我们最终的生存,都将是无穷无尽的。

Some argue that the spread of these weapons cannot be stopped, cannot be checked -- that we are destined to live in a world where more nations and more people possess the ultimate tools of destruction. Such fatalism is a deadly adversary, for if we believe that the spread of nuclear weapons is inevitable, then in some way we are admitting to ourselves that the use of nuclear weapons is inevitable. 有人争辩说,这些武器的扩散无法阻止、无法遏制——我们注定要生活在一个越来越多的国家和人民拥有终极毁灭工具的世界里。这种宿命论是一个致命的对手,因为如果我们相信核武器的扩散是不可避免的,那么在某种程度上,我们就是在承认使用核武器也是不可避免的。

Just as we stood for freedom in the 20th century, we must stand together for the right of people everywhere to live free from fear in the 21st century. And as a nuclear power, as the only nuclear power to have used a nuclear weapon, the United States has a moral responsibility to act. We cannot succeed in this endeavor alone, but we can lead it, we can start it. 正如我们在20世纪为自由而战,我们必须在21世纪共同捍卫各地人民免于恐惧地生活的权利。作为一个核大国,作为唯一使用过核武器的核大国,美国有采取行动的道义责任。我们无法单独完成这一事业,但我们可以引领它,我们可以开启它。

So today, I state clearly and with conviction America's commitment to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons. I'm not naive. This goal will not be reached quickly -- perhaps not in my lifetime. It will take patience and persistence. But now we, too, must ignore the voices who tell us that the world cannot change. We have to insist, "Yes, we can." 因此,今天我明确而坚定地宣告,美国致力于寻求一个没有核武器的世界的和平与安全。我并不天真。这个目标不会很快实现——也许不会在我有生之年实现。它需要耐心和坚持。但现在,我们也必须无视那些告诉我们世界无法改变的声音。我们必须坚持,"是的,我们可以。"

Now, let me describe to you the trajectory we need to be on. First, the United States will take concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. To put an end to Cold War thinking, we will reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy, and urge others to do the same. Make no mistake: As long as these weapons exist, the United States will maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal to deter any adversary, and guarantee that defense to our allies -- including the Czech Republic. But we will begin the work of reducing our arsenal. 现在,让我向你们描述我们需要走的轨迹。首先,美国将采取具体步骤,迈向一个没有核武器的世界。为了终结冷战思维,我们将降低核武器在国家安全战略中的作用,并敦促其他国家效仿。但不要误解:只要这些武器存在,美国就会维持一个安全、可靠、有效的核武库,以威慑任何对手,并保障对盟友——包括捷克共和国——的防御。但我们将开始削减我们的核武库。

To reduce our warheads and stockpiles, we will negotiate a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with the Russians this year. President Medvedev and I began this process in London, and will seek a new agreement by the end of this year that is legally binding and sufficiently bold. And this will set the stage for further cuts, and we will seek to include all nuclear weapons states in this endeavor. 为了减少我们的弹头和库存,我们今年将与俄罗斯人就新的《削减战略武器条约》进行谈判。梅德韦杰夫总统和我在伦敦启动了这一进程,并将在今年年底前寻求达成一项具有法律约束力且足够大胆的新协议。这将为进一步削减奠定基础,我们将努力让所有核武器国家都参与这一事业。

To achieve a global ban on nuclear testing, my administration will immediately and aggressively pursue U.S. ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. After more than five decades of talks, it is time for the testing of nuclear weapons to finally be banned. 为了实现全球禁止核试验,我的政府将立即积极推动美国批准《全面禁止核试验条约》。经过五十多年的谈判,是时候最终禁止核武器试验了。

And to cut off the building blocks needed for a bomb, the United States will seek a new treaty that verifiably ends the production of fissile materials intended for use in state nuclear weapons. If we are serious about stopping the spread of these weapons, then we should put an end to the dedicated production of weapons-grade materials that create them. That's the first step. 为了切断制造炸弹所需的构件,美国将寻求一项新条约,可核查地终止用于国家核武器的裂变材料生产。如果我们认真对待阻止这些武器的扩散,那么我们就应该终止制造这些武器所专用的武器级材料生产。这是第一步。

Second, together we will strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a basis for cooperation. 第二,我们将共同加强《不扩散核武器条约》,将其作为合作的基础。

The basic bargain is sound: Countries with nuclear weapons will move towards disarmament, countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them, and all countries can access peaceful nuclear energy. To strengthen the treaty, we should embrace several principles. We need more resources and authority to strengthen international inspections. We need real and immediate consequences for countries caught breaking the rules or trying to leave the treaty without cause. 基本的交易是合理的:拥有核武器的国家将朝着裁军的方向努力,没有核武器的国家不会获取它们,所有国家都能获得和平核能。为了加强该条约,我们应遵循几项原则。我们需要更多资源和权威来加强国际核查。我们需要对被抓到违反规则或无故试图退出条约的国家实施真正且立即的后果。

And we should build a new framework for civil nuclear cooperation, including an international fuel bank, so that countries can access peaceful power without increasing the risks of proliferation. That must be the right of every nation that renounces nuclear weapons, especially developing countries embarking on peaceful programs. And no approach will succeed if it's based on the denial of rights to nations that play by the rules. We must harness the power of nuclear energy on behalf of our efforts to combat climate change, and to advance peace opportunity for all people. 我们还应建立民用核合作的新框架,包括一个国际燃料银行,以便各国能够在不增加扩散风险的情况下获得和平利用核能。这必须是每一个放弃核武器的国家的权利,尤其是那些启动和平项目的发展中国家。如果建立在剥夺守规则国家权利的基础上,任何方法都不会成功。我们必须利用核能的力量来帮助我们应对气候变化,并为所有人推进和平与机遇。

But we go forward with no illusions. Some countries will break the rules. That's why we need a structure in place that ensures when any nation does, they will face consequences. 但我们不抱幻想地前行。一些国家会违反规则。正因如此,我们需要建立一个机制,确保任何国家这样做时,都将面临后果。

Just this morning, we were reminded again of why we need a new and more rigorous approach to address this threat. North Korea broke the rules once again by testing a rocket that could be used for long range missiles. This provocation underscores the need for action -- not just this afternoon at the U.N. Security Council, but in our determination to prevent the spread of these weapons. 就在今天早上,我们再次被提醒,为什么我们需要一种新的、更严格的方法来应对这一威胁。朝鲜再次违反规则,试射了一枚可用于远程导弹的火箭。这一挑衅凸显了采取行动的必要性——不仅是今天下午在联合国安理会,更在于我们防止这些武器扩散的决心。

Rules must be binding. Violations must be punished. Words must mean something. The world must stand together to prevent the spread of these weapons. Now is the time for a strong international response, and North Korea must know that the path to security and respect will never come through threats and illegal weapons. All nations must come together to build a stronger, global regime. And that's why we must stand shoulder to shoulder to pressure the North Koreans to change course. 规则必须具有约束力。违规必须受到惩罚。言语必须有意义。世界必须团结一致,阻止这些武器的扩散。现在是做出强有力国际回应的时候了,朝鲜必须知道,通向安全和尊重的道路永远不会通过威胁和非法武器来实现。所有国家必须团结起来,建立一个更强大的全球机制。正因如此,我们必须肩并肩地向朝鲜施压,促使其改变方向。

Iran has yet to build a nuclear weapon. My administration will seek engagement with Iran based on mutual interests and mutual respect. We believe in dialogue. But in that dialogue we will present a clear choice. We want Iran to take its rightful place in the community of nations, politically and economically. 伊朗尚未制造出核武器。我的政府将在共同利益和相互尊重的基础上寻求与伊朗的接触。我们相信对话。但在那次对话中,我们将提出一个明确的选择。我们希望伊朗在政治和经济上在国际社会中占据其应有的位置。

We will support Iran's right to peaceful nuclear energy with rigorous inspections. That's a path that the Islamic Republic can take. Or the government can choose increased isolation, international pressure, and a potential nuclear arms race in the region that will increase insecurity for all. 我们将支持伊朗在严格核查下获得和平核能的权利。这是伊斯兰共和国可以走的道路。或者,该政府可以选择日益孤立、国际压力以及该地区潜在的核军备竞赛,那将增加所有人的不安全感。

So let me be clear: Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile activity poses a real threat, not just to the United States, but to Iran's neighbors and our allies. The Czech Republic and Poland have been courageous in agreeing to host a defense against these missiles. As long as the threat from Iran persists, we will go forward with a missile defense system that is cost-effective and proven. If the Iranian threat is eliminated, we will have a stronger basis for security, and the driving force for missile defense construction in Europe will be removed. 所以让我明确说明:伊朗的核活动和弹道导弹活动构成了真正的威胁,不仅对美国,也对伊朗的邻国和我们的盟友。捷克共和国和波兰勇敢地同意部署针对这些导弹的防御系统。只要来自伊朗的威胁持续存在,我们将推进一套具有成本效益且经过验证的导弹防御系统。如果伊朗的威胁被消除,我们将有更坚实的安全基础,在欧洲建设导弹防御系统的驱动力也将被消除。

So, finally, we must ensure that terrorists never acquire a nuclear weapon. This is the most immediate and extreme threat to global security. One terrorist with one nuclear weapon could unleash massive destruction. Al Qaeda has said it seeks a bomb and that it would have no problem with using it. And we know that there is unsecured nuclear material across the globe. To protect our people, we must act with a sense of purpose without delay. 最后,我们必须确保恐怖分子永远无法获得核武器。这是对全球安全最紧迫、最极端的威胁。一个恐怖分子拥有的一枚核武器就能造成大规模毁灭。基地组织曾表示它寻求获得一枚核弹,并且毫不介意使用它。我们知道全球各地存在未受保护的核材料。为了保护我们的人民,我们必须毫不拖延地、有目的地采取行动。

So today I am announcing a new international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years. We will set new standards, expand our cooperation with Russia, pursue new partnerships to lock down these sensitive materials. 因此,今天我宣布一项新的国际努力,在四年内确保全球所有易失的核材料的安全。我们将制定新标准,扩大与俄罗斯的合作,寻求新的伙伴关系以锁定这些敏感材料。

We must also build on our efforts to break up black markets, detect and intercept materials in transit, and use financial tools to disrupt this dangerous trade. Because this threat will be lasting, we should come together to turn efforts such as the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism into durable international institutions. And we should start by having a Global Summit on Nuclear Security that the United States will host within the next year. 我们还必须在过去努力的基础上,瓦解黑市,探测和拦截运输中的材料,并利用金融工具来破坏这种危险交易。由于这一威胁将是持久的,我们应该团结起来,将"防扩散安全倡议"和"打击核恐怖主义全球倡议"等努力转变为持久的国际机构。我们应该从召开一次核安全全球峰会开始,美国将在明年内主办这次峰会。

Now, I know that there are some who will question whether we can act on such a broad agenda. There are those who doubt whether true international cooperation is possible, given inevitable differences among nations. And there are those who hear talk of a world without nuclear weapons and doubt whether it's worth setting a goal that seems impossible to achieve. 我知道,有些人会质疑我们是否能够在如此广泛的议程上采取行动。有些人怀疑,鉴于各国之间不可避免的分歧,真正的国际合作是否可能。还有些人听到关于一个没有核武器的世界的讨论时,怀疑是否值得设定一个看似不可能实现的目标。

But make no mistake: We know where that road leads. When nations and peoples allow themselves to be defined by their differences, the gulf between them widens. When we fail to pursue peace, then it stays forever beyond our grasp. We know the path when we choose fear over hope. To denounce or shrug off a call for cooperation is an easy but also a cowardly thing to do. That's how wars begin. That's where human progress ends. 但不要误解:我们知道那条路通向何方。当国家和民族任由分歧来定义自己时,他们之间的鸿沟就会扩大。当我们不去追求和平时,和平就永远在我们的把握之外。我们清楚选择恐惧而非希望会走向何方。谴责或漠视合作的呼吁是轻而易举的,但也是懦弱的。战争就是这样开始的。人类进步就是这样终结的。

There is violence and injustice in our world that must be confronted. We must confront it not by splitting apart but by standing together as free nations, as free people. I know that a call to arms can stir the souls of men and women more than a call to lay them down. But that is why the voices for peace and progress must be raised together. 我们的世界中存在必须被面对的暴力和不公。我们必须面对它们,不是通过分裂,而是作为自由国家、自由人民团结在一起。我知道,号召拿起武器比号召放下武器更能激荡男女的灵魂。但正因如此,和平与进步的声音必须一同被高扬。

Those are the voices that still echo through the streets of Prague. Those are the ghosts of 1968. Those were the joyful sounds of the Velvet Revolution. Those were the Czechs who helped bring down a nuclear-armed empire without firing a shot. 那些声音至今仍在布拉格的街头回荡。那是1968年的幽灵。那是天鹅绒革命欢乐的声音。那是那些不发一枪就帮助推翻一个核武装帝国的捷克人。

Human destiny will be what we make of it. And here in Prague, let us honor our past by reaching for a better future. Let us bridge our divisions, build upon our hopes, accept our responsibility to leave this world more prosperous and more peaceful than we found it. Together we can do it. 人类的命运将取决于我们自己的创造。在这里,在布拉格,让我们通过追求更美好的未来来致敬我们的过去。让我们弥合分歧,建立在希望之上,承担起让这个世界比我们发现时更加繁荣、更加和平的责任。团结起来,我们能做到。

Thank you very much. Thank you, Prague. 非常感谢。谢谢你们,布拉格。

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Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

美国首位非裔总统,第四十四任总统

出生1961国籍美国

巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)是美国第四十四任总统,也是美国历史上首位非裔美国人总统。他于1961年出生于夏威夷州,在2008年历史性当选总统之前曾担任伊利诺伊州参议员。在他的两届任期(2009-2017年)内,奥巴马总统取得了重大成就:通过《平价医疗法案》(奥巴马医改)使2000万美国人获得医疗保险,在2008年金融危机后改革金融监管体系,下令击毙本·拉登,结束美国在伊拉克的作战行动,推动全美同性婚姻合法化,恢复与古巴的外交关系,并通过《巴黎协定》领导全球应对气候变化的努力。他的总统任期被广泛认为是美国政治史上的重要里程碑,以希望、团结和变革的信息为特征。

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