Fellow-Citizens: 同胞们：
I shall not attempt to describe the grateful emotions which the new and very distinguished proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, evinced by my reelection to this high trust, has excited in my bosom. The approbation which it announces of my conduct in the preceding term affords me a consolation which I shall profoundly feel through life. The general accord with which it has been expressed adds to the great and never-ceasing obligations which it imposes. 同胞们再次以极其鲜明的方式表达对我的信任，推选我连任这一崇高职务；这在我心中激起的感激之情，我无意尝试加以描述。这一决定表明他们赞许我上一任期的作为，给了我将终身深切感受的慰藉。人们普遍一致地作出这一表示，更加重了它赋予我的重大而永无止境的责任。
To merit the continuance of this good opinion, and to carry it with me into my retirement as the solace of advancing years, will be the object of my most zealous and unceasing efforts. 竭尽全力、不懈奋斗，以求继续赢得这种好评，并把它带入退休生活，作为年岁渐长时的慰藉，将是我的目标。
Having no pretensions to the high and commanding claims of my predecessors, whose names are so much more conspicuously identified with our Revolution, and who contributed so preeminently to promote its success, I consider myself rather as the instrument than the cause of the union which has prevailed in the late election. In surmounting, in favor of my humble pretensions, the difficulties which so often produce division in like occurrences, it is obvious that other powerful causes, indicating the great strength and stability of our Union, have essentially contributed to draw you together. 我的前任们享有崇高而卓著的声望，他们的名字与我们的革命联系得远比我紧密，并为革命的成功作出了极其杰出的贡献；我无意自称可以与他们相比。因此，对于最近一次选举中形成的团结，我认为自己与其说是原因，不如说是承载它的工具。诸位为了支持我这点微薄的资历，克服了类似情形中常常造成分裂的困难；显然，还有其他有力因素促使大家团结起来，而这些因素显示出我国联邦的强大与稳固。
That these powerful causes exist, and that they are permanent, is my fixed opinion; that they may produce a like accord in all questions touching, however remotely, the liberty, prosperity, and happiness of our country will always be the object of my most fervent prayers to the Supreme Author of All Good. 我坚信，这些有力因素确实存在，而且持久不变。我将永远向一切美善的至高创造者热切祈祷，愿它们在一切哪怕只是间接关系我国自由、繁荣与幸福的问题上，也能促成同样的一致。
In a government which is founded by the people, who possess exclusively the sovereignty, it seems proper that the person who may be placed by their suffrages in this high trust should declare on commencing its duties the principles on which he intends to conduct the Administration. If the person thus elected has served the preceding term, an opportunity is afforded him to review its principal occurrences and to give such further explanation respecting them as in his judgment may be useful to his constituents. 在一个由人民建立、主权完全属于人民的政府中，由人民投票委以这一崇高职责的人，在开始履职时申明自己治理政府所依据的原则，似乎是适当的。如果当选者已经任职一届，他便有机会回顾上一任期的主要事件，并就其中他认为对选民有益之处作进一步说明。
The events of one year have influence on those of another, and, in like manner, of a preceding on the succeeding Administration. The movements of a great nation are connected in all their parts. If errors have been committed they ought to be corrected; if the policy is sound it ought to be supported. It is by a thorough knowledge of the whole subject that our fellow-citizens are enabled to judge correctly of the past and to give a proper direction to the future. 一年的事件会影响另一年，上一届政府的事件同样会影响下一届。一个伟大国家的各项行动彼此相连。若有错误，就应纠正；若政策正确，就应坚持。只有全面了解整个问题，同胞们才能正确评判过去，并为未来指明恰当方向。
Just before the commencement of the last term the United States had concluded a war with a very powerful nation on conditions equal and honorable to both parties. The events of that war are too recent and too deeply impressed on the memory of all to require a development from me. 上一任期开始前不久，美国刚刚同一个强国结束战争，双方达成的条件平等而体面。那场战争距今太近，又深深印在每个人的记忆中，无须由我再作详述。
Our commerce had been in a great measure driven from the sea, our Atlantic and inland frontiers were invaded in almost every part; the waste of life along our coast and on some parts of our inland frontiers, to the defense of which our gallant and patriotic citizens were called, was immense, in addition to which not less than $120,000,000 were added at its end to the public debt. 我们的商业大半被逐出海洋，大西洋沿岸和内陆边疆几乎处处遭到入侵；英勇爱国的公民奉召保卫海岸和部分内陆边疆，生命损失极其惨重，战争结束时还使国债增加了不少于一亿二千万美元。
As soon as the war had terminated, the nation, admonished by its events, resolved to place itself in a situation which should be better calculated to prevent the recurrence of a like evil, and, in case it should recur, to mitigate its calamities. With this view, after reducing our land force to the basis of a peace establishment, which has been further modified since, provision was made for the construction of fortifications at proper points through the whole extent of our coast and such an augmentation of our naval force as should be well adapted to both purposes. 战争一结束，国家便从战争经历中得到警示，决心使自身处于更有利的状态，以防类似灾难重演；即使重演，也能减轻其祸害。为此，我们把陆军缩减到和平时期的编制，此后又作了进一步调整；同时规定在整个海岸线的适当地点修筑防御工事，并把海军扩充到足以兼顾这两个目的的规模。
The laws making this provision were passed in 1815 and 1816, and it has been since the constant effort of the Executive to carry them into effect. 作出这些规定的法律于一八一五年和一八一六年通过，此后行政部门一直努力加以实施。
The advantage of these fortifications and of an augmented naval force in the extent contemplated, in a point of economy, has been fully illustrated by a report of the Board of Engineers and Naval Commissioners lately communicated to Congress. 最近提交国会的工程师委员会和海军委员报告，从经济角度充分说明了按计划修筑这些工事并扩充海军的好处。
From that report it appears that in an invasion by 20,000 men, with a correspondent naval force, in a campaign of six months only, the whole expense of the construction of the works would be defrayed by the difference in the sum necessary to maintain the force which would be adequate to our defense with the aid of those works and that which would be incurred without them. 该报告表明，若两万名敌军在相应海军配合下入侵，即使战役只持续六个月，借助这些工事维持足以防卫国家的兵力所需费用，与没有这些工事时所需费用之间的差额，也足以支付全部工事的建造成本。
The reason of this difference is obvious. If fortifications are judiciously placed on our great inlets, as distant from our cities as circumstances will permit, they will form the only points of attack, and the enemy will be detained there by a small regular force a sufficient time to enable our militia to collect and repair to that on which the attack is made. 产生这种差额的原因显而易见。如果把防御工事合理设置在各大港湾入口，并在条件允许时尽量远离城市，它们就会成为敌人唯一能够进攻的地点；少量正规军便能在那里牵制敌人足够长的时间，使民兵得以集结并赶赴遇袭地点。
A force adequate to the enemy, collected at that single point, with suitable preparation for such others as might be menaced, is all that would be requisite. But if there were no fortifications, then the enemy might go where he pleased, and, changing his position and sailing from place to place, our force must be called out and spread in vast numbers along the whole coast and on both sides of every bay and river as high up in each as it might be navigable for ships of war. 我们只需在这一地点集结足以抗衡敌人的兵力，并为其他可能受威胁之处做好适当准备。可是，如果没有防御工事，敌人就可以任意行动、不断变换位置并由一处驶往另一处；我们则不得不征召大批兵力，把他们散布在整条海岸线，以及每个海湾和河流两岸，直至军舰能够驶达的最上游。
By these fortifications, supported by our Navy, to which they would afford like support, we should present to other powers an armed front from St. Croix to the Sabine, which would protect in the event of war our whole coast and interior from invasion; and even in the wars of other powers, in which we were neutral, they would be found eminently useful, as, by keeping their public ships at a distance from our cities, peace and order in them would be preserved and the Government be protected from insult. 依靠这些工事和相互支援的海军，我们将从圣克罗伊河到萨宾河向其他国家展现一道武装防线；战争发生时，它能保护全部海岸和内陆免遭入侵。即使其他国家交战而我国保持中立，这些设施也极为有用，因为它们能使外国军舰远离我们的城市，从而维护城内的和平与秩序，并使政府免受侮辱。
It need scarcely be remarked that these measures have not been resorted to in a spirit of hostility to other powers. Such a disposition does not exist toward any power. Peace and good will have been, and will hereafter be, cultivated with all, and by the most faithful regard to justice. 几乎无须说明，采取这些措施并非出于对其他国家的敌意。我们对任何国家都没有这种意图。我们过去一直、今后也将同所有国家培养和平与善意，并以最忠实地恪守正义作为途径。
They have been dictated by a love of peace, of economy, and an earnest desire to save the lives of our fellow-citizens from that destruction and our country from that devastation which are inseparable from war when it finds us unprepared for it. It is believed, and experience has shown, that such a preparation is the best expedient that can be resorted to prevent war. 这些措施源于对和平和节约的珍视，也源于一种恳切愿望：避免同胞在战争袭击一个毫无准备的国家时遭受必然的死亡，避免祖国遭到必然的蹂躏。人们相信，而且经验已经证明，这种准备是防止战争所能采取的最佳办法。
I add with much pleasure that considerable progress has already been made in these measures of defense, and that they will be completed in a few years, considering the great extent and importance of the object, if the plan be zealously and steadily persevered in. 我还欣慰地补充说，这些防御措施已经取得显著进展。考虑到工程范围广、意义重大，只要热忱而坚定地坚持既定计划，几年之内即可完成。
The conduct of the Government in what relates to foreign powers is always an object of the highest importance to the nation. Its agriculture, commerce, manufactures, fisheries, revenue, in short, its peace, may all be affected by it. Attention is therefore due to this subject. 政府在对外关系方面的作为，始终是对国家至关重要的事务。农业、商业、制造业、渔业、财政收入，简而言之，国家的和平，都可能受到它的影响。因此，我们必须重视这一问题。
At the period adverted to the powers of Europe, after having been engaged in long and destructive wars with each other, had concluded a peace, which happily still exists. Our peace with the power with whom we had been engaged had also been concluded. The war between Spain and the colonies in South America, which had commenced many years before, was then the only conflict that remained unsettled. This being a contest between different parts of the same community, in which other powers had not interfered, was not affected by their accommodations. 在刚才谈到的那个时期，欧洲各国经历了彼此间长期而毁灭性的战争后缔结和平，幸而这种和平延续至今。我国与曾经交战的国家也已结束战争。西班牙与其南美殖民地之间多年前开始的战争，当时是唯一尚未解决的冲突。由于这是同一政治共同体不同部分之间的斗争，其他国家并未介入，所以欧洲各国之间的和解没有影响这场战争。
This contest was considered at an early stage by my predecessor a civil war in which the parties were entitled to equal rights in our ports. This decision, the first made by any power, being formed on great consideration of the comparative strength and resources of the parties, the length of time, and successful opposition made by the colonies, and of all other circumstances on which it ought to depend, was in strict accord with the law of nations. Congress has invariably acted on this principle, having made no change in our relations with either party. 我的前任在冲突初期便把它视为一场内战，交战双方因而在我国港口享有平等权利。这是世界上任何国家首次作出的此类决定；它充分考量了双方的相对实力和资源、冲突持续时间、殖民地成功抵抗的情况，以及决定这一问题所应依据的其他一切因素，完全符合国际法。国会始终遵循这一原则，没有改变我国同任何一方的关系。
Our attitude has therefore been that of neutrality between them, which has been maintained by the Government with the strictest impartiality. No aid has been afforded to either, nor has any privilege been enjoyed by the one which has not been equally open to the other party, and every exertion has been made in its power to enforce the execution of the laws prohibiting illegal equipments with equal rigor against both. 因此，我们在双方之间采取中立立场，政府也以最严格的公正维持这一立场。我们没有向任何一方提供援助，一方享有的任何便利也同样向另一方开放；政府还竭尽所能，以同等力度对双方执行禁止非法武装船只的法律。
By this equality between the parties their public vessels have been received in our ports on the same footing; they have enjoyed an equal right to purchase and export arms, munitions of war, and every other supply, the exportation of all articles whatever being permitted under laws which were passed long before the commencement of the contest; our citizens have traded equally with both, and their commerce with each has been alike protected by the Government. 在这种平等待遇下，双方公务船只以相同条件进入我国港口；双方同样有权购买和出口武器、军需品及其他一切补给，因为早在冲突开始前通过的法律就允许出口所有物品；我国公民同双方平等贸易，政府也同等保护他们与双方开展的商业活动。
Respecting the attitude which it may be proper for the United States to maintain hereafter between the parties, I have no hesitation in stating it as my opinion that the neutrality heretofore observed should still be adhered to. From the change in the Government of Spain and the negotiation now depending, invited by the Cortes and accepted by the colonies, it may be presumed, that their differences will be settled on the terms proposed by the colonies. 至于美国今后应在双方之间采取何种立场，我毫不犹豫地认为，应继续坚持迄今遵守的中立政策。鉴于西班牙政府发生变化，而且由西班牙议会提议、殖民地接受的谈判正在进行，可以推测，双方分歧将按照殖民地提出的条件得到解决。
Should the war be continued, the United States, regarding its occurrences, will always have it in their power to adopt such measures respecting it as their honor and interest may require. 如果战争继续，美国仍可根据事态发展，随时采取本国荣誉和利益所要求的措施。
Shortly after the general peace a band of adventurers took advantage of this conflict and of the facility which it afforded to establish a system of buccaneering in the neighboring seas, to the great annoyance of the commerce of the United States, and, as was represented, of that of other powers. 全面和平实现后不久，一群冒险分子利用这场冲突及其提供的便利，在邻近海域建立了一套海盗劫掠体系，严重滋扰美国商业，据称也损害了其他国家的商业。
Of this spirit and of its injurious bearing on the United States strong proofs were afforded by the establishment at Amelia Island, and the purposes to which it was made instrumental by this band in 1817, and by the occurrences which took place in other parts of Florida in 1818, the details of which in both instances are too well known to require to be now recited. I am satisfied had a less decisive course been adopted that the worst consequences would have resulted from it. 这股势力及其对美国的危害，在一八一七年这群人于阿米莉亚岛建立据点并加以利用，以及一八一八年佛罗里达其他地区发生的事件中，都得到有力证明。这两起事件的细节早已广为人知，如今无须复述。我确信，如果当时采取的行动不够果断，必将造成最恶劣的后果。
We have seen that these checks, decisive as they were, were not sufficient to crush that piratical spirit. Many culprits brought within our limits have been condemned to suffer death, the punishment due to that atrocious crime. The decisions of upright and enlightened tribunals fall equally on all whose crimes subject them, by a fair interpretation of the law, to its censure. 我们已经看到，尽管这些遏制措施十分果断，却仍不足以摧毁那股海盗风气。许多落入我国管辖的罪犯已被判处死刑，这是此类凶残罪行应受的惩罚。正直而明达的法院依照法律的公正解释，对一切罪行应受法律谴责的人一视同仁地作出裁决。
It belongs to the Executive not to suffer the executions under these decisions to transcend the great purpose for which punishment is necessary. The full benefit of example being secured, policy as well as humanity equally forbids that they should be carried further. I have acted on this principle, pardoning those who appear to have been led astray by ignorance of the criminality of the acts they had committed, and suffering the law to take effect on those only in whose favor no extenuating circumstances could be urged. 行政部门有责任确保执行这些判决时，不超出刑罚之所以必要的重大目的。在惩戒示范作用已经充分实现后，无论政策还是人道，都不允许再把处罚扩大。我一直依照这一原则行事：对于看来是因为不了解自身行为的犯罪性质而误入歧途者，我予以赦免；只有对那些找不到任何减轻情节的人，才让法律发生效力。
Great confidence is entertained that the late treaty with Spain, which has been ratified by both the parties, and the ratifications whereof have been exchanged, has placed the relations of the two countries on a basis of permanent friendship. 人们有充分信心认为，最近同西班牙签订的条约已经双方批准并交换批准书，从而把两国关系置于持久友好的基础之上。
The provision made by it for such of our citizens as have claims on Spain of the character described will, it is presumed, be very satisfactory to them, and the boundary which is established between the territories of the parties westward of the Mississippi, heretofore in dispute, has, it is thought, been settled on conditions just and advantageous to both. But to the acquisition of Florida too much importance can not be attached. 该条约对我国公民向西班牙提出的上述性质索赔作出安排，想必会令他们十分满意；它还划定了双方在密西西比河以西原有争议领土的边界，人们认为条件对双方都公平有利。然而，无论怎样强调取得佛罗里达的重要性都不为过。
It secures to the United States a territory important in itself, and whose importance is much increased by its bearing on many of the highest interests of the Union. It opens to several of the neighboring States a free passage to the ocean, through the Province ceded, by several rivers, having their sources high up within their limits. It secures us against all future annoyance from powerful Indian tribes. It gives us several excellent harbors in the Gulf of Mexico for ships of war of the largest size. 它使美国获得一块本身就很重要的领土，而这块领土关系联邦多项重大利益，因而更显重要。割让地区有数条河流发源于邻近各州腹地，为这些州提供了通往海洋的自由航道。它使我们免受强大原住民部落未来的一切侵扰。它还在墨西哥湾为最大型军舰提供了数处优良港口。
It covers by its position in the Gulf the Mississippi and other great waters within our extended limits, and thereby enables the United States to afford complete protection to the vast and very valuable productions of our whole Western country, which find a market through those streams. 佛罗里达位于海湾之中，能够掩护密西西比河以及我国广阔疆域内其他大河，由此使美国能够充分保护整个西部地区数量庞大、价值极高，并经这些河流运往市场的产品。
By a treaty with the British Government, bearing date on the 20th of October, 1818, the convention regulating the commerce between the United States and Great Britain, concluded on the 3d of July, 1815, which was about expiring, was revived and continued for the term of ten years from the time of its expiration. 根据一八一八年十月二十日同英国政府签订的条约，一八一五年七月三日缔结、即将到期的美英商业公约得到恢复，并从原定到期之日起续行十年。
By that treaty, also, the differences which had arisen under the treaty of Ghent respecting the right claimed by the United States for their citizens to take and cure fish on the coast of His Britannic Majesty's dominions in America, with other differences on important interests, were adjusted to the satisfaction of both parties. 该条约还解决了《根特条约》项下产生的分歧，其中包括美国主张本国公民有权在英国国王位于美洲的领地沿岸捕鱼和加工渔获，以及其他涉及重大利益的争议；解决结果令双方满意。
No agreement has yet been entered into respecting the commerce between the United States and the British dominions in the West Indies and on this continent. The restraints imposed on that commerce by Great Britain, and reciprocated by the United States on a principle of defense, continue still in force. 美国与英国在西印度群岛及本大陆领地之间的商业关系尚未达成协议。英国对这项贸易施加的限制，以及美国出于自卫原则采取的对等限制，目前仍然有效。
The negotiation with France for the regulation of the commercial relations between the two countries, which in the course of the last summer had been commenced at Paris, has since been transferred to this city, and will be pursued on the part of the United States in the spirit of conciliation, and with an earnest desire that it may terminate in an arrangement satisfactory to both parties. 为规范两国商业关系而同法国进行的谈判，去年夏季在巴黎启动，后来已转移到本城。美国将本着和解精神继续谈判，并真诚希望最终达成双方都满意的安排。
Our relations with the Barbary Powers are preserved in the same state and by the same means that were employed when I came into this office. As early as 1801 it was found necessary to send a squadron into the Mediterranean for the protection of our commerce, and no period has intervened, a short term excepted, when it was thought advisable to withdraw it. 我们同巴巴里诸国的关系，仍由我就任时采用的状态和方式维持。早在一八〇一年，为保护我国商业，我们就发现有必要派遣舰队进入地中海；此后除短暂时期外，从未认为撤回舰队是明智之举。
The great interests which the United States have in the Pacific, in commerce and in the fisheries, have also made it necessary to maintain a naval force there. In disposing of this force in both instances the most effectual measures in our power have been taken, without interfering with its other duties, for the suppression of the slave trade and of piracy in the neighboring seas. 美国在太平洋的商业和渔业利益十分重大，因此也必须在那里保持海军力量。在这两个地区部署海军时，我们都在不妨碍其其他职责的前提下，采取力所能及的最有效措施，打击邻近海域的奴隶贸易和海盗活动。
The situation of the United States in regard to their resources, the extent of their revenue, and the facility with which it is raised affords a most gratifying spectacle. 美国拥有的资源、财政收入的规模以及筹集收入的便利程度，呈现出一幅极其令人欣慰的景象。
The payment of nearly $67,000,000 of the public debt, with the great progress made in measures of defense and in other improvements of various kinds since the late war, are conclusive proofs of this extraordinary prosperity, especially when it is recollected that these expenditures have been defrayed without a burthen on the people, the direct tax and excise having been repealed soon after the conclusion of the late war, and the revenue applied to these great objects having been raised in a manner not to be felt. 自上一场战争以来，我们已偿还近六千七百万美元国债，国防措施和其他各类改进也取得重大进展，这些都是国家异常繁荣的确凿证明。尤其值得注意的是，这些开支并未给人民造成负担：战争结束后不久，直接税和消费税即被废除，用于这些重大事业的收入也以人民几乎感受不到的方式筹集。
Our great resources therefore remain untouched for any purpose which may affect the vital interests of the nation. For all such purposes they are inexhaustible. They are more especially to be found in the virtue, patriotism, and intelligence of our fellow-citizens, and in the devotion with which they would yield up by any just measure of taxation all their property in support of the rights and honor of their country. 因此，我国的巨大资源仍未被动用，可用于任何关系国家重大利益的目的。对于所有这类目的，这些资源取之不尽。它们尤其存在于同胞们的美德、爱国精神与才智之中，也存在于他们愿意接受任何公正的征税措施，奉献全部财产以维护国家权利与荣誉的精神之中。
Under the present depression of prices, affecting all the productions of the country and every branch of industry, proceeding from causes explained on a former occasion, the revenue has considerably diminished, the effect of which has been to compel Congress either to abandon these great measures of defense or to resort to loans or internal taxes to supply the deficiency. On the presumption that this depression and the deficiency in the revenue arising from it would be temporary, loans were authorized for the demands of the last and present year. 目前物价低迷，影响全国所有产品和每个产业部门，其原因我曾在先前场合说明。财政收入因此大幅减少，迫使国会要么放弃这些重大防御措施，要么通过贷款或国内税弥补缺口。由于当时认为物价低迷及其造成的收入不足只是暂时现象，政府获准通过贷款满足上一年度和本年度的需要。
Anxious to relieve my fellow-citizens in 1817 from every burthen which could be dispensed with, and the state of the Treasury permitting it, I recommended the repeal of the internal taxes, knowing that such relief was then peculiarly necessary in consequence of the great exertions made in the late war. 一八一七年，我急于免除同胞们一切可以取消的负担；国库状况也允许这样做，因此我建议废除国内税。我知道，鉴于国家在刚刚结束的战争中付出巨大努力，这种减负在当时尤其必要。
I made that recommendation under a pledge that should the public exigencies require a recurrence to them at any time while I remained in this trust, I would with equal promptitude perform the duty which would then be alike incumbent on me. By the experiment now making it will be seen by the next session of Congress whether the revenue shall have been so augmented as to be adequate to all these necessary purposes. Should the deficiency still continue, and especially should it be probable that it would be permanent, the course to be pursued appears to me to be obvious. 我提出那项建议时也作出承诺：只要我仍受托担任这一职务，一旦公共需要要求恢复这些税收，我将同样迅速地履行届时也必然由我承担的职责。正在进行的尝试到国会下次会期便会显示，财政收入是否已经增长到足以满足所有这些必要用途。如果缺口仍然存在，尤其是可能长期存在，那么应采取的方针在我看来十分明显。
I am satisfied that under certain circumstances loans may be resorted to with great advantage. I am equally well satisfied, as a general rule, that the demands of the current year, especially in time of peace, should be provided for by the revenue of that year. 我认为，在特定情况下，贷款可以带来很大益处。我同样确信，作为一般原则，本年度的支出需求，尤其在和平时期，应由本年度收入承担。
I have never dreaded, nor have I ever shunned, in any situation in which I have been placed making appeals to the virtue and patriotism of my fellow-citizens, well knowing that they could never be made in vain, especially in times of great emergency or for purposes of high national importance. Independently of the exigency of the case, many considerations of great weight urge a policy having in view a provision of revenue to meet to a certain extent the demands of the nation, without relying altogether on the precarious resource of foreign commerce. 无论身处何种职位，我从不害怕，也从不回避诉诸同胞们的美德和爱国精神，因为我深知，这样的呼吁绝不会落空，尤其是在重大紧急关头或为了具有高度国家意义的目标时。即使不考虑眼前的迫切需要，许多分量极重的因素也要求我们采取一种政策，在一定程度上为国家支出准备收入，而不是完全依赖变幻不定的对外贸易。
I am satisfied that internal duties and excises, with corresponding imposts on foreign articles of the same kind, would, without imposing any serious burdens on the people, enhance the price of produce, promote our manufactures, and augment the revenue, at the same time that they made it more secure and permanent. 我相信，征收国内税和消费税，并对同类外国商品征收相应进口税，不会给人民施加任何严重负担，反而会提高产品价格、促进制造业并增加财政收入，同时使收入来源更加可靠和持久。
The care of the Indian tribes within our limits has long been an essential part of our system, but, unfortunately, it has not been executed in a manner to accomplish all the objects intended by it. We have treated them as independent nations, without their having any substantial pretensions to that rank. 照管我国疆域内的原住民部落，长期以来一直是国家制度的重要组成部分；但遗憾的是，相关政策并未以能够实现全部预期目标的方式执行。我们把他们当作独立国家对待，尽管他们并无充分依据取得这种地位。
The distinction has flattered their pride, retarded their improvement, and in many instances paved the way to their destruction. The progress of our settlements westward, supported as they are by a dense population, has constantly driven them back, with almost the total sacrifice of the lands which they have been compelled to abandon. 这种区分助长了他们的自尊，阻碍了他们所谓的进步，并在许多情况下为其毁灭铺平道路。我国人口稠密，定居区域不断向西推进，一再迫使他们后退，使他们几乎完全失去被迫放弃的土地。
They have claims on the magnanimity and, I may add, on the justice of this nation which we must all feel. We should become their real benefactors; we should perform the office of their Great Father, the endearing title which they emphatically give to the Chief Magistrate of our Union. 他们有权要求这个国家展现宽宏，我还要说，也有权要求正义；这是我们所有人都必须认识到的。我们应当成为他们真正的施惠者，应当履行他们所谓“伟大父亲”的职责——这是他们特别用来称呼联邦最高行政长官的亲切称号。
Their sovereignty over vast territories should cease, in lieu of which the right of soil should be secured to each individual and his posterity in competent portions; and for the territory thus ceded by each tribe some reasonable equivalent should be granted, to be vested in permanent funds for the support of civil government over them and for the education of their children, for their instruction in the arts of husbandry, and to provide sustenance for them until they could provide it for themselves. 他们对广大领土的主权应当终止，作为替代，应把适量土地的所有权保障给每个个人及其后代；对于各部落如此割让的领土，应给予某种合理补偿，设立永久基金，用于维持对他们实行的民政治理、教育他们的子女、教授耕作技艺，并在他们能够自给以前为其提供生活资料。
My earnest hope is that Congress will digest some plan, founded on these principles, with such improvements as their wisdom may suggest, and carry it into effect as soon as it may be practicable. 我热切希望国会依据这些原则拟订某项方案，加入国会智慧所能提出的改进，并在可行时尽快实施。
Europe is again unsettled and the prospect of war increasing. Should the flame light up in any quarter, how far it may extend it is impossible to foresee. It is our peculiar felicity to be altogether unconnected with the causes which produce this menacing aspect elsewhere. With every power we are in perfect amity, and it is our interest to remain so if it be practicable on just conditions. 欧洲再次动荡，战争前景日益加剧。无论哪一地区燃起战火，都无法预见它会蔓延多远。我们尤其幸运，与造成其他地区这种危险局面的原因毫无牵连。我国同所有国家都保持完全友好的关系；只要能在公正条件下做到，继续保持这种关系也符合我国利益。
I see no reasonable cause to apprehend variance with any power, unless it proceed from a violation of our maritime rights. In these contests, should they occur, and to whatever extent they may be carried, we shall be neutral; but as a neutral power we have rights which it is our duty to maintain. For like injuries it will be incumbent on us to seek redress in a spirit of amity, in full confidence that, injuring none, none would knowingly injure us. 除非某国侵犯我们的海上权利，否则我看不出有任何合理理由担心同它发生争端。这些冲突如果发生，无论扩展到何种程度，我们都将保持中立；但作为中立国，我们拥有必须维护的权利。对于类似侵害，我们有责任以友好精神寻求补救，并充分相信，一个不伤害任何人的国家，也不会遭到他国蓄意伤害。
For more imminent dangers we should be prepared, and it should always be recollected that such preparation adapted to the circumstances and sanctioned by the judgment and wishes of our constituents can not fail to have a good effect in averting dangers of every kind. We should recollect also that the season of peace is best adapted to these preparations. 对于更加迫近的危险，我们应当做好准备。必须始终牢记，只要准备措施适应实际情况，并得到选民判断与意愿的认可，就一定能够有效避免各种危险。我们还应记住，和平时期最适合进行这些准备。
If we turn our attention, fellow-citizens, more immediately to the internal concerns of our country, and more especially to those on which its future welfare depends, we have every reason to anticipate the happiest results. It is now rather more than forty-four years since we declared our independence, and thirty-seven since it was acknowledged. The talents and virtues which were displayed in that great struggle were a sure presage of all that has since followed. 同胞们，如果我们把注意力更直接地转向国内事务，尤其是关系国家未来福祉的问题，就有充分理由期待最美好的结果。从我们宣布独立至今略多于四十四年，从独立获得承认至今已有三十七年。那场伟大斗争中展现的才智与美德，已经可靠地预示了后来发生的一切。
A people who were able to surmount in their infant state such great perils would be more competent as they rose into manhood to repel any which they might meet in their progress. Their physical strength would be more adequate to foreign danger, and the practice of self-government, aided by the light of experience, could not fail to produce an effect equally salutary on all those questions connected with the internal organization. These favorable anticipations have been realized. 一个民族在幼年时期就能克服如此巨大的危险，那么随着它成长成熟，面对前进道路上的任何危险，自然更有能力加以抵御。它的物质力量将更足以应对外来威胁；而在经验启迪下实行自治，也必然对一切涉及内部组织的问题产生同样有益的影响。这些美好预期已经实现。
In our whole system, national and State, we have shunned all the defects which unceasingly preyed on the vitals and destroyed the ancient Republics. In them there were distinct orders, a nobility and a people, or the people governed in one assembly. 在联邦和各州构成的整个制度中，我们避开了那些不断侵蚀古代共和国根基并最终摧毁它们的缺陷。那些共和国存在不同等级，如贵族与平民；或者由人民集中在一个大会中直接统治。
Thus, in the one instance there was a perpetual conflict between the orders in society for the ascendency, in which the victory of either terminated in the overthrow of the government and the ruin of the state; in the other, in which the people governed in a body, and whose dominions seldom exceeded the dimensions of a county in one of our States, a tumultuous and disorderly movement permitted only a transitory existence. 在前一种情况下，社会各等级为了争夺支配地位而不断冲突，任何一方获胜都会导致政府垮台和国家毁灭；在后一种情况下，人民以整体形式施政，统治疆域很少超过我国一个县的大小，骚乱而无序的行动只能使这种政体短暂存在。
In this great nation there is but one order, that of the people, whose power, by a peculiarly happy improvement of the representative principle, is transferred from them, without impairing in the slightest degree their sovereignty, to bodies of their own creation, and to persons elected by themselves, in the full extent necessary for all the purposes of free, enlightened and efficient government. The whole system is elective, the complete sovereignty being in the people, and every officer in every department deriving his authority from and being responsible to them for his conduct. 在这个伟大国家中，只有一个等级，那就是人民。代议制经过极为成功的改进，把人民的权力移交给他们自己创设的机构和亲自选出的人，同时丝毫不损害人民的主权；移交范围足以实现自由、开明而有效的政府所需的一切目的。整个制度都以选举为基础，完整主权属于人民，每个部门的每一名官员都从人民那里取得权力，并对自己的行为向人民负责。
Our career has corresponded with this great outline. Perfection in our organization could not have been expected in the outset either in the National or State Governments or in tracing the line between their respective powers. But no serious conflict has arisen, nor any contest but such as are managed by argument and by a fair appeal to the good sense of the people, and many of the defects which experience had clearly demonstrated in both Governments have been remedied. 我们的历程符合这一宏伟轮廓。无论联邦政府、各州政府，还是划定两者权力界线，最初都不可能指望制度尽善尽美。然而，并未发生严重冲突；出现的争论也都通过说理和公正诉诸人民的健全判断来处理。经验已经清楚揭示的两级政府许多缺陷，也已得到纠正。
By steadily pursuing this course in this spirit there is every reason to believe that our system will soon attain the highest degree of perfection of which human institutions are capable, and that the movement in all its branches will exhibit such a degree of order and harmony as to command the admiration and respect of the civilized world. 只要本着这种精神坚定遵循这一路线，就有充分理由相信，我们的制度很快会达到人类制度所能达到的最高完善程度，各部门的运转也将展现足以赢得文明世界钦佩与尊重的秩序与协调。
Our physical attainments have not been less eminent. Twenty-five years ago the river Mississippi was shut up and our Western brethren had no outlet for their commerce. What has been the progress since that time? The river has not only become the property of the United States from its source to the ocean, with all its tributary streams (with the exception of the upper part of the Red River only), but Louisiana, with a fair and liberal boundary on the western side and the Floridas on the eastern, have been ceded to us. 我们在疆域和实力方面取得的成就同样卓著。二十五年前，密西西比河航道被封闭，西部同胞的贸易没有出口。此后取得了怎样的进展？如今，从源头到海洋的密西西比河及其所有支流，除红河上游一段外，都已成为美国领土；西侧边界宽广合理的路易斯安那和东侧的佛罗里达，也已割让给我国。
The United States now enjoy the complete and uninterrupted sovereignty over the whole territory from St. Croix to the Sabine. 美国如今对从圣克罗伊河到萨宾河的全部领土享有完整而不受阻碍的主权。
New States, settled from among ourselves in this and in other parts, have been admitted into our Union in equal participation in the national sovereignty with the original States. Our population has augmented in an astonishing degree and extended in every direction. We now, fellow-citizens, comprise within our limits the dimensions and faculties of a great power under a Government possessing all the energies of any government ever known to the Old World, with an utter incapacity to oppress the people. 由我国人民在这些地区和其他地方开拓建立的新州，已经加入联邦，在国家主权中享有与原有各州平等的地位。我国人口以惊人速度增长，并向各个方向扩展。同胞们，我们如今的疆域与能力已具有强国规模；我国政府拥有旧世界历来任何政府所具备的一切力量，却完全没有压迫人民的能力。
Entering with these views the office which I have just solemnly sworn to execute with fidelity and to the utmost of my ability, I derive great satisfaction from a knowledge that I shall be assisted in the several Departments by the very enlightened and upright citizens from whom I have received so much aid in the preceding term. 怀着这些认识，我已经庄严宣誓，要忠诚并竭尽所能地履行刚刚承担的职务。得知上一任期给予我诸多帮助的那些极其开明正直的公民，将继续在各行政部门协助我，我深感欣慰。
With full confidence in the continuance of that candor and generous indulgence from my fellow-citizens at large which I have heretofore experienced, and with a firm reliance on the protection of Almighty God, I shall forthwith commence the duties of the high trust to which you have called me. 我深信全体同胞会继续给予我过去体验过的坦诚与宽厚，也坚定依靠全能上帝的护佑。现在，我将立即开始履行诸位委托给我的崇高职责。
