President Ilves: Good morning. To begin with, I'd like to welcome President Obama to Estonia. It is a genuine pleasure and an honor to receive you right before the NATO Summit. Your visit sends a strong message. We are grateful to the United States and to you personally for your leadership, your commitment, and your support to Estonia. 伊尔韦斯总统：早上好。首先，我谨对奥巴马总统访问爱沙尼亚表示欢迎。在北约峰会召开前夕接待您，我感到由衷的高兴和荣幸。您的访问传递了一个强有力的信号。我们感谢美国，也感谢您个人所展现的领导力、作出的承诺以及给予爱沙尼亚的支持。
To begin with, I also want to say that we are appalled by the latest news from Iraq. We condemn these barbaric acts. We see ISIS as a serious threat to all of us, and stand together with the United States and our allies on this issue. 首先，我还要表示，我们对来自伊拉克的最新消息感到震惊。我们谴责这些野蛮行径。我们认为伊斯兰国对我们所有人都构成严重威胁，在这一问题上，我们与美国及我们的盟友站在一起。
The main issue on our agenda today is security. The question on everyone's mind is the situation in Ukraine and its wider impact on European security. I just did hear that President Poroshenko and President Putin have agreed on a cease-fire. I just hope it works. But in the general situation, we need to be clear and consistent in the language that we use to describe the situation in Ukraine. 今天议程的核心议题是安全问题。每个人心中的疑问是乌克兰局势及其对欧洲安全的更广泛影响。我刚刚获悉，波罗申科总统和普京总统已就停火达成一致。我只希望这能奏效。但就整体局势而言，我们在描述乌克兰局势时，措辞必须明确且一致。
As the EU underlined last weekend, this is Russian aggression. The EU and the United States are ready to take further restrictive measures in response to Russia's behavior. Russia must admit that it is a party to the conflict, and take genuine steps that will lead to a de-escalation of the conflict. We must also continue to support Ukraine by providing the country with the assistance that it needs. 正如欧盟上周末所强调的，这是俄罗斯的侵略行为。欧盟和美国准备采取进一步的限制性措施，以回应俄罗斯的行为。俄罗斯必须承认自己是冲突的一方，并采取切实步骤推动冲突降级。我们还必须继续支持乌克兰，为该国提供其所需的援助。
When it comes to the security of our region, the United States engagement here runs deep. Estonia is a close and reliable ally to the United States. We take our NATO commitment seriously -- very seriously. We have not sat back and waited for others to take care of our security. Since joining the Alliance, Estonian soldiers have consistently defended the freedom of others -- in Afghanistan, in Iraq, and most recently in the Central African Republic. We dedicate sufficient resources to defense, and are consistently increasing our national defense capacity. 在地区安全方面，美国在此有着深厚的参与。爱沙尼亚是美国亲密而可靠的盟友。我们认真对待我们的北约承诺——非常认真。我们没有坐享其成，等待他人来保障我们的安全。自加入北约以来，爱沙尼亚士兵始终在捍卫他人的自由——在阿富汗、在伊拉克，以及最近在中非共和国。我们为国防投入充足的资源，并持续提升我们的国防能力。
We are grateful to the United States for sending troops here and for actively participating in the Baltic air policing mission. Your presence underlies the credibility of NATO's Article 5. Without a doubt, your bilateral contributions have helped set an example for other NATO Allies. A robust and visible Allied presence here in Estonia is the best way of discouraging any possible aggressors. We look forward to the NATO Summit confirming this. 我们感谢美国在此驻军，并积极参与波罗的海空中警务任务。你们的存在彰显了北约第五条的可信度。毫无疑问，你们的双边贡献为其他北约盟国树立了榜样。在爱沙尼亚保持强大而可见的盟国存在，是震慑任何潜在侵略者的最佳方式。我们期待北约峰会确认这一点。
But we face a completely new security situation in Europe, and we are pleased that this is reflected in many of the summit's documents. We expect the NATO Summit in Wales to adopt the readiness action plan that will guide allied nations for years to come through a set of practical steps and measures of reassurance and deterrence. 但我们在欧洲面临着全新的安全局势，我们很高兴峰会的诸多文件都体现了这一点。我们期待在威尔士举行的北约峰会通过战备行动计划，该计划将通过一系列切实的步骤和措施，在未来数年指导盟国开展安抚与威慑工作。
In addition to our close defense cooperation, I am also pleased that our bilateral relations are strong in many, many other areas, including and especially cyber and energy security. 除了密切的防务合作外，我也很高兴我们的双边关系在众多其他领域同样稳固，尤其是在网络安全和能源安全领域。
Globally, we are working together to promote our common values -- democracy, human rights and the rule of law. Estonia is a world leader in Internet freedom and in e-governance. We have a liberal economy offering many exciting opportunities for increased trade, cooperation and investment. And this is also one reason why we believe that T-TIP is a crucial, crucial effort on the part of both the European Union and the United States. 在全球范围内，我们共同努力推动我们的共同价值观——民主、人权和法治。爱沙尼亚在互联网自由和电子政务方面处于世界领先地位。我们拥有自由的经济体系，为扩大贸易、合作与投资提供了众多令人振奋的机遇。这也是我们认为跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定对欧盟和美国而言都至关重要的原因之一。
And let me once again welcome President Obama to Estonia, to Northern Europe, one of Europe's most prosperous and successful regions. Our countries share common values and interests, and I'm certain that together we can and will contribute to the vision of a Europe whole, free and at peace. 请允许我再次欢迎奥巴马总统来到爱沙尼亚，来到北欧——欧洲最繁荣、最成功的地区之一。我们两国拥有共同的价值观和利益，我坚信，我们能够也必将共同推动实现一个完整、自由与和平的欧洲愿景。
Thank you. 谢谢。
President Obama: Tere Päevast. To President Ilves -- I want to thank you and the people of Estonia for welcoming me here today. It is a great honor to be in Estonia, especially as we mark our 10th anniversary as NATO Allies. 奥巴马总统：下午好。伊尔韦斯总统——感谢您和爱沙尼亚人民今天对我的欢迎。来到爱沙尼亚我深感荣幸，尤其是在我们庆祝成为北约盟国十周年之际。
Mr. President, thank you for being such an outstanding partner. I was proud to welcome you to the White House last year, and we've spoken since on the situation in Ukraine. Your life reflects the story of your nation -- the son of refugees who returned home to help to chart a path for a free and democratic Estonia. 总统先生，感谢您成为如此出色的合作伙伴。去年我很荣幸在白宫接待您，此后我们就乌克兰局势多次交换意见。您的人生折射出贵国的历程——作为难民之子，您返回家乡，为自由民主的爱沙尼亚铺就道路。
As many of you know, that long journey also took Toomas and his family to America, to New Jersey, where they still remember him as "Tom." And it was wonderful to meet your daughter today and find out she had gone back to New Jersey as well. He says that he "knew Bruce Springsteen before he had his first record." So you embody the deep ties between Americans and Estonians. I want to thank you for your friendship. 诸位所知，托马斯·伊尔韦斯与家人的这段漫长旅程也曾将他们带到美国的新泽西州，在那里人们至今仍记得他叫"汤姆"。今天很高兴见到您的女儿，并得知她也回到了新泽西。他说他"在布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀出第一张唱片之前就认识他了"。您的经历体现了美国人民与爱沙尼亚人民之间的深厚纽带。感谢您的友谊。
I've come here today because Estonia is one of the great success stories among the nations that reclaimed their independence after the Cold War. You've built a vibrant democracy and new prosperity, and you've become a model for how citizens can interact with their government in the 21st century, something President Ilves has championed. With their digital IDs, Estonians can use their smart phones to get just about anything done online -- from their children's grades to their health records. I should have called the Estonians when we were setting up our health care website. 我今天来到这里，是因为爱沙尼亚是冷战后重获独立的国家中最成功的典范之一。你们建立了充满活力的民主制度和新的繁荣，并且成为21世纪公民与政府互动方式的楷模——这正是伊尔韦斯总统所倡导的事业。凭借数字身份，爱沙尼亚人可以用智能手机在线办理几乎所有事务——从查询孩子的成绩到查看健康记录。当初我们搭建医保网站时，真应该向爱沙尼亚人取取经。
Most of all, I'm here because Estonia has been a model ally. Estonian forces have served with courage and skill in Iraq and Afghanistan, and we honor our servicemembers who made the ultimate sacrifice in Afghanistan, including nine brave Estonians. As NATO nears the end of our combat mission in three months, I want to thank Estonia for the commitments you have made to help sustain Afghan security forces going forward. 最重要的是，我来到这里是因为爱沙尼亚一直是一个模范盟友。爱沙尼亚军队在伊拉克和阿富汗英勇作战、表现出色，我们向在阿富汗作出最高牺牲的军人们致敬，其中包括九位勇敢的爱沙尼亚士兵。再过三个月，北约的作战任务即将结束，我要感谢爱沙尼亚承诺在未来继续支持阿富汗安全部队。
As a high-tech leader, Estonia is also playing a leading role in protecting NATO from cyber threats. Estonia contributes its full share -- its full 2 percent of GDP -- to the defense of our Alliance. In other words, Estonia meets its responsibilities. And as we head into the NATO Summit in Wales, Estonia is an example of how every NATO member needs to do its fair share for our collective defense. 作为高科技领域的领军者，爱沙尼亚在保护北约免受网络威胁方面也发挥着主导作用。爱沙尼亚为联盟防务足额贡献了其国内生产总值的2%。换言之，爱沙尼亚履行了自己的责任。在我们即将出席威尔士北约峰会之际，爱沙尼亚为每一个北约成员国树立了榜样——各国都应为我们的集体防务尽到应尽的责任。
So I've come here, first and foremost, to reaffirm the commitment of the United States to the security of Estonia. As NATO Allies, we have Article 5 duties to our collective defense. That is a commitment that is unbreakable. It is unwavering. It is eternal. And Estonia will never stand alone. 因此，我来到这里，首先是要重申美国对爱沙尼亚安全的承诺。作为北约盟国，我们对集体防务负有第五条规定的义务。这一承诺牢不可破、坚定不移、永恒不变。爱沙尼亚永远不会孤军奋战。
As President, I've made sure that we are fulfilling that promise. Early in my presidency, I urged our Alliance to update our contingency planning for the defense of this region, and additional NATO forces began rotating through the Baltics, including Estonia, for more training and exercises. 作为总统，我确保我们正在履行这一承诺。在我就任初期，我就敦促联盟更新本地区防务的应急计划，此后更多北约部队开始轮驻包括爱沙尼亚在内的波罗的海国家，开展更多的训练和演习。
In response to Russia's actions in Ukraine earlier this year, the United States increased our presence further. We have contributed additional aircraft to the Baltic air policing mission -- a mission to which 14 other NATO Allies have also contributed over the past decade. And we're now continuously rotating additional personnel and aircraft through the Baltics. I look forward to joining Prime Minister Rõivas in thanking our servicemembers later today. 针对俄罗斯今年早些时候在乌克兰的行动，美国进一步增加了驻军。我们为波罗的海空中警务任务增派了飞机——过去十年间，另有14个北约盟国也参与了这一任务。我们目前正持续向波罗的海地区轮换增派人员和飞机。我期待今天晚些时候与罗伊瓦斯总理一道，向我们的军人们表示感谢。
On my visit to Warsaw this spring, I announced a new initiative to bolster the American military presence here in Europe, including in the Baltics, and we're working with Congress to make sure that we deliver. 今年春天我访问华沙时，宣布了一项新倡议，旨在加强美国在欧洲的军事存在，包括在波罗的海地区的存在，我们正与国会合作以确保这一倡议落地。
Today, I can announce that this initiative will include additional air force units and aircraft for training exercises here in the Nordic-Baltic region. And we agree with our Estonian allies that an ideal location to host and support these exercises would be Amari Air Base here in Estonia. With the support of Congress and our Estonian friends, I'm confident that we can make this happen. And I look forward to discussing this further when we meet with Presidents Bērziņš and Grybauskaitė this afternoon. 今天，我可以宣布，该倡议将包括增派空军部队和飞机，在北欧-波罗的海地区开展训练演习。我们与爱沙尼亚盟友一致认为，承办和保障这些演习的理想地点是爱沙尼亚的阿马里空军基地。在国会和爱沙尼亚朋友们的支持下，我相信我们能够实现这一目标。我期待今天下午与贝尔津什总统和格里包斯凯特总统会晤时进一步讨论此事。
As President Ilves indicated, we spend a great deal of time on Russia's aggression against Ukraine. I'll have much more to say about this in my speech today. For now, I just want to commend Estonia -- including President Ilves -- for being such a strong voice both in NATO and the EU on behalf of the Ukrainian people. 正如伊尔韦斯总统所指出的，我们花大量时间讨论俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略。在今天的演讲中，我将就此作更多阐述。此刻，我只想赞扬爱沙尼亚——包括伊尔韦斯总统——在北约和欧盟中为乌克兰人民仗义执言。
Estonia has provided assistance as Ukrainians work to strengthen their democratic institutions and reform their economy. And because we've stood together, Russia is paying a heavy price for its actions, and NATO is poised to do more to help Ukraine strengthen its forces and defend their country. 在乌克兰人民努力加强民主制度建设和推进经济改革之际，爱沙尼亚提供了援助。正因为我们团结一致，俄罗斯正在为其行动付出沉重代价，而北约也随时准备采取更多行动，帮助乌克兰加强军队建设、保卫国家。
And more broadly, I want to commend Estonia for being such a strong leader beyond NATO. Whether it's contributing forces to the EU mission in the Central African Republic or supporting relief efforts for the Syrian people, helping nations like Tunisia in their own transition to democracy or standing up for Internet freedom and human rights, this nation of 1.3 million people, as we say, truly punches above its weight. The world is better for it, and it's yet another reason why the United States will always be proud to stand with our ally, Estonia. 更广而言之，我要赞扬爱沙尼亚在北约之外同样发挥着强有力的引领作用。无论是向欧盟中非共和国特派团派兵、支持叙利亚人民的救援工作，还是帮助突尼斯等国实现民主转型、捍卫互联网自由和人权，这个只有130万人口的国家，正如我们所说，真正做到了以小博大。世界因此变得更加美好，这也是美国将永远自豪地与盟友爱沙尼亚站在一起的又一个原因。
Finally, I want to say that today the prayers of the American people are with the family of a devoted and courageous journalist, Steven Sotloff. Overnight, our government determined that, tragically, Steven was taken from us in a horrific act of violence. We cannot even begin to imagine the agony that everyone who loved Steven is feeling right now, especially his mother, his father and his younger sister. So today, our country grieves with them. 最后，我想说，今天美国人民的心与一位敬业而勇敢的记者史蒂文·索特洛夫的家人同在。昨夜，我国政府确认，史蒂文不幸在一起骇人听闻的暴力事件中被夺去了生命。我们甚至无法想象，每一位深爱史蒂文的人此刻承受着怎样的痛苦，尤其是他的母亲、父亲和妹妹。今天，我们举国同悲。
Like Jim Foley before him, Steve's life stood in sharp contrast to those who have murdered him so brutally. They make the absurd claim that they kill in the name of religion, but it was Steven, his friends say, who deeply loved the Islamic world. His killers try to claim that they defend the oppressed, but it was Steven who traveled across the Middle East, risking his life to tell the story of Muslim men and women demanding justice and dignity. 与此前遇害的吉姆·福利一样，史蒂文的一生与残忍杀害他的那些人形成了鲜明对比。那些人荒谬地声称他们以宗教之名杀人，但史蒂文的朋友们说，真正深爱伊斯兰世界的是史蒂文。凶手们试图声称他们在捍卫受压迫者，但冒着生命危险奔赴中东各地，讲述穆斯林男女追求正义与尊严故事的人，是史蒂文。
Whatever these murderers think they'll achieve by killing innocent Americans like Steven, they have already failed. They have failed because, like people around the world, Americans are repulsed by their barbarism. We will not be intimidated. Their horrific acts only unite us as a country and stiffen our resolve to take the fight against these terrorists. And those who make the mistake of harming Americans will learn that we will not forget, and that our reach is long and that justice will be served. 无论这些凶手以为杀害史蒂文这样的无辜美国人能达成什么目的，他们都已经失败了。他们之所以失败，是因为与全世界人民一样，美国人民对他们的野蛮行径深恶痛绝。我们不会被吓倒。他们的恐怖行径只会让我们更加团结，更加坚定打击这些恐怖分子的决心。那些胆敢伤害美国人的人终将明白，我们不会忘记，我们的力量无处不在，正义必将得到伸张。
Mr. President. 总统先生。
President Ilves: Well, I thought we could open things up for some questions, I understand two from Estonian journalists and two from President Obama’s entourage. As the host, I’ll give the first opportunity to one of our tough questioners, Aarne Rannamäe. 伊尔韦斯总统：好的，我想我们可以开始提问了。据我了解，爱沙尼亚记者和奥巴马总统随行人员各有两个提问机会。作为东道主，我把第一个机会交给我们的一位犀利提问者——阿尔内·兰纳梅。
Question: Yes, thank you. Aarne Rannamäe, Estonian Public Broadcasting. I have the same question to both presidents. The partnership between Russia and NATO is not the same, as we all know. Why to keep actually it alive, the agreement signed in 1997 between Russia and NATO? Perhaps it would push or give some new opportunities to our region’s security in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. 问：好的，谢谢。我是阿尔内·兰纳梅，来自爱沙尼亚公共广播公司。我向两位总统提出同样的问题。众所周知，俄罗斯与北约的伙伴关系已今非昔比。为什么还要维持1997年签署的《北约-俄罗斯基本法》？也许废除它会为有爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛的本地区安全带来新的机遇？
President Ilves: Well, from our side, first of all, NATO did decide to freeze its relations with Russia several months ago. But on the issue in terms of what is the -- what are the implications of the NATO-Russia Founding Act, I suggest all those who say we can’t do anything because of the NATO-Russia Founding Act read the NATO-Russia Founding Act, which says that these conditions hold -- to quote -- “in the current and foreseeable” future, or “the security environment of the current and foreseeable” future. 伊尔韦斯总统：好的，首先，北约几个月前确实已决定冻结与俄罗斯的关系。但关于《北约-俄罗斯基本法》的影响问题，我建议所有那些声称因为《北约-俄罗斯基本法》我们什么都做不了的人，去读一读《北约-俄罗斯基本法》的原文——其中写道，这些条件仅在——我引用一下——"当前及可预见的"未来，或者说"当前及可预见的安全环境"下有效。
That was the security environment of 1997, when Boris Yeltsin was President, and there had been no violations of either the U.N. Charter or the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, the 1990 Paris Charter. 那是1997年的安全环境，当时鲍里斯·叶利钦还是总统，《联合国宪章》、1975年《赫尔辛基最后文件》和1990年《巴黎宪章》都没有遭到违反。
So I would argue this is an unforeseen and new security environment, and therefore one has to hold on to certain provisions. It does not mean we have to give up the whole act, but certainly when an agreement in certain parts no longer holds, well, then it’s time to make a change. 因此我认为，当前是一个不可预见的全新安全环境，因此某些条款需要重新考量。这并不意味着我们要放弃整个法案，但毫无疑问，当一项协议的某些部分不再适用时，就是做出改变的时候了。
I mean, the NATO-Russia Founding Act has been violated by Russia. We continue to support the vision of that document, but its substance has changed dramatically, and I am confident that all of NATO’s actions are and will be conducted in accordance with its international commitments as an alliance. 我的意思是，《北约-俄罗斯基本法》已被俄罗斯违反。我们继续支持该文件的愿景，但其实质已发生巨大变化。我相信，北约的所有行动现在和将来都将符合联盟作为一个整体的国际承诺。
President Obama: The circumstances clearly have changed. And I think this will be a topic of discussion in Wales. Beyond the issue of that particular document, our top priority has been to make sure that there is no ambiguity when it comes to our Article 5 commitments to our NATO Allies. And as a consequence of the rotations that have been increased, the presence of U.S. troops in the course of those rotations and additional NATO Allies, what we want to send a clear message to everyone is, is that we take those commitments seriously. 奥巴马总统：形势显然已经改变。我认为这将是威尔士峰会的一个讨论议题。除了这一特定文件的问题外，我们的首要任务一直是确保我们对北约盟国的第五条承诺没有任何歧义。随着轮驻部队的增加，以及美军在轮驻期间和更多北约盟国的存在，我们想向所有人传递一个明确的信息：我们认真对待这些承诺。
And I think what’s going to be clear during the course of this summit is that, given the changed landscape, not only do we have to make sure that these rotations are effective and designed towards current threats, but more broadly, NATO has to look at its defense capabilities as a whole and make sure that they are updated and properly resourced. For I think a certain period of time there was a complacency here in Europe about the demands that were required to make sure that NATO was able to function effectively. 我认为，在本次峰会期间将会明确的一点是，鉴于形势已经变化，我们不仅要确保这些轮驻行之有效、针对当前威胁而设，更广泛地说，北约必须全面审视其防务能力，确保它们得到更新和适当的资源支持。因为我认为，在过去一段时间里，欧洲对于确保北约有效运转所需付出的努力存在着一种自满情绪。
My former Secretary of Defense I think came here and gave some fairly sharp speeches repeatedly about the need for making certain that every NATO member was doing its fair share. I think Secretary General Rasmussen, during the course of his tenure, continually emphasized the need for us to upgrade our joint capabilities. 我想我的前几任国防部长都曾在这里反复发表过相当尖锐的讲话，强调必须确保每个北约成员国都尽到应尽的责任。我认为拉斯穆森秘书长在其任期内也不断强调，我们需要提升联合防务能力。
And obviously what’s happened in Ukraine is tragic, but I do think it gives us an opportunity to look with fresh eyes and understand what it is that's necessary to make sure that our NATO commitments are met. And that's one of the reasons that I’m here in Estonia today. 显然，乌克兰发生的一切是悲剧性的，但我确实认为，这让我们有机会以全新的眼光审视并理解，为确保履行北约承诺，哪些事情是必要的。这也是我今天来到爱沙尼亚的原因之一。
I’m going to call on Ann Compton. Ann is on her farewell tour. 我请安·康普顿提问。安正在进行她的告别采访之旅。
Question: Thank you very much, Mr. President. Now that you say a second American has been slain, what is your response? Will airstrikes continue inside Iraq? Might they expand into Syria? Will you have a full strategy now on ISIS which will satisfy those like Prime Minister Cameron, who call it an imminent threat to all the interests? And will it satisfy some of your supporters like Senator Feinstein who fears that on this you may have been too cautious? Thank you. 问：非常感谢，总统先生。既然您说又有一名美国人遇害，您对此有何回应？空袭会在伊拉克境内继续吗？是否会扩大到叙利亚？您现在是否有一套针对伊斯兰国的完整战略，足以让卡梅伦首相那些称其为对所有利益构成紧迫威胁的人满意？又是否能让您的一些支持者满意，比如担心您在这一问题上过于谨慎的范斯坦参议员？谢谢。
President Obama: Well, keep in mind that from the outset, the moment that ISIS went into Mosul, we were very clear that this was a very serious threat not just to Iraq but to the region and to U.S. interests. And so we’ve been putting forward a strategy since that time that was designed to do a number of things. Number one, to make sure that Americans were protected in Iraq, in our embassies, in our consulates. Number two, that we worked with Iraqis to create a functioning government that was inclusive and that could serve as the basis for Iraq to begin to go on the offensive. 奥巴马总统：请记住，从一开始，伊斯兰国进入摩苏尔的那一刻起，我们就非常清楚，这不仅对伊拉克，而且对地区和美国利益都构成了极其严重的威胁。因此，从那时起我们就一直在推行一项战略，旨在实现多项目标。第一，确保在伊拉克的美国人得到保护，包括我们的大使馆和领事馆。第二，我们与伊拉克人合作，建立一个具有包容性的有效政府，作为伊拉克开始转入攻势的基础。
And the airstrikes that we’ve conducted in support of protecting Americans conducting humanitarian missions and providing space for the Iraqi government to form have borne fruit. We’ve seen that in Sinjar Mountain. We’ve seen it most recently in the town of Amerli, which heroically held out against a siege by ISIL. We’re seeing progress in the formation of an inclusive Sunni-Shia-Kurd central government. And so what we’ve seen is the strategy that we’ve laid out moving effectively. 我们为保护执行人道主义任务的美国人、为伊拉克政府组建提供空间而实施的空袭已经取得成果。我们在辛贾尔山看到了这一点。最近在阿梅利镇也看到了——该镇英勇地抵抗住了伊斯兰国的围攻。我们看到，一个具有包容性的逊尼派-什叶派-库尔德中央政府正在形成之中。因此，我们所制定的战略正在有效推进。
But what I’ve said from the start is, is that this is not going to be a one-week or one-month or six-month proposition. Because of what’s happened in the vacuum of Syria, as well as the battle-hardened elements of ISIS that grew out of al Qaeda in Iraq during the course of the Iraq war, it’s going to take time for us to be able to roll them back. 但我从一开始就说过，这不是一个一周、一个月或六个月就能解决的问题。由于叙利亚权力真空所造成的局面，以及伊拉克战争期间从伊拉克基地组织中滋生出来、久经沙场的伊斯兰国骨干力量，我们需要时间才能将他们击退。
And it is going to take time for us to be able to form the regional coalition that's going to be required so that we can reach out to Sunni tribes in some of the areas that ISIS has occupied, and make sure that we have allies on the ground in combination with the airstrikes that we’ve already conducted. 我们也需要时间来组建所需的地区联盟，以便我们能够接触到伊斯兰国所占领地区的逊尼派部落，确保我们在地面上有盟友，与我们已经实施的空袭相配合。
So the bottom line is this: Our objective is clear, and that is to degrade and destroy ISIL so that it’s no longer a threat not just to Iraq but also the region and to the United States. In order for us to accomplish that, the first phase has been to make sure that we’ve got an Iraqi government that's in place and that we are blunting the momentum that ISIL was carrying out. And the airstrikes have done that. 所以归根结底：我们的目标是明确的，那就是削弱并摧毁伊斯兰国，使其不再对伊拉克、地区以及美国构成威胁。为了实现这一目标，第一阶段一直是确保伊拉克政府到位，并遏制伊斯兰国的进攻势头。而空袭已经做到了这一点。
But now what we need to do is make sure that we’ve got the regional strategy in place that can support an ongoing effort -- not just in the air but on the ground -- to move that forward. 但现在我们需要做的是，确保制定出能够支持持续行动的地区战略——不仅在空中，也在地面——以推进这一目标。
And last week when this question was asked, I was specifically referring to the possibility of the military strategy inside of Syria that might require congressional approval. It is very important from my perspective that when we send our pilots in to do a job, that we know that this is a mission that's going to work, that we’re very clear on what our objectives are, what our targets are; we’ve made the case to Congress and we’ve made the case to the American people; and we’ve got allies behind us so that it’s not just a one-off, but it’s something that over time is going to be effective. 上周有人提出这个问题时，我具体指的是在叙利亚境内采取军事战略的可能性，这可能需要国会批准。在我看来，非常重要的一点是，当我们派出飞行员执行任务时，我们要知道这是一项能够成功的任务，我们要非常清楚我们的目标是什么、打击对象是什么；我们已经向国会说明情况，也向美国人民说明情况；我们有盟友的支持，这样这就不是一次性行动，而是随着时间推移将会见效的持续努力。
And so the bottom line is this, Ann -- it’s not only that we’re going to be bringing to justice those who perpetrated this terrible crime against these two fine young men. More broadly, the United States will continue to lead a regional and international effort against the kind of barbaric and ultimately empty vision that ISIL represents. And that's going to take some time, but we’re going to get it done. I’m very confident of it. 所以归根结底，安——我们不仅要将对这两位优秀年轻人犯下这一可怕罪行的人绳之以法。更广泛地说，美国将继续领导地区和国际努力，反对伊斯兰国所代表的那种野蛮、最终空洞无物的意识形态。这需要时间，但我们一定会完成。我对此非常有信心。
Question: Did you just say that the strategy is to destroy ISIS, or to simply contain them or push them back? 问：您刚才是说战略是摧毁伊斯兰国，还是仅仅遏制他们或把他们赶回去？
President Obama: Our objective is to make sure that ISIL is not an ongoing threat to the region. And we can accomplish that. It’s going to take some time and it’s going to take some effort. As we’ve seen with al Qaeda, there are always going to be remnants that can cause havoc of any of these networks, in part because of the nature of terrorist activities. You get a few individuals, and they may be able to carry out a terrorist act. 奥巴马总统：我们的目标是确保伊斯兰国不再对地区构成持续威胁。我们能够做到这一点。这需要一些时间，也需要一些努力。正如我们从基地组织看到的那样，任何这类网络总会有残余势力能够制造破坏，部分原因在于恐怖活动的性质。只要有几个人，他们就可能实施恐怖袭击。
But what we can do is to make sure that the kind of systemic and broad-based aggression that we’ve seen out of ISIL that terrorizes primarily Muslims, Shia, Sunni -- terrorizes Kurds, terrorizes not just Iraqis, but people throughout the region, that that is degraded to the point where it is no longer the kind of factor that we’ve seen it being over the last several months. 但我们能做到的是，确保我们所看到的伊斯兰国那种系统性、大规模的侵略行径——主要恐吓穆斯林、什叶派、逊尼派，恐吓库尔德人，恐吓的不仅是伊拉克人，还有整个地区的人民——被削弱到不再像过去几个月那样构成威胁的程度。
Question: Argo Ideon. Estonian daily newspaper, Postimees. My question is also for both presidents. Ukraine is facing a difficult time, and the situation on the ground may become even more complicated in the run-up to the parliamentary elections there in October. In your view, what more could be done and should be done to support Ukraine politically, economically, and also from a security point of view? What do you think about the idea of providing Ukrainian armed forces with weapons to counter Russia’s attack in the east of the country more effectively? Thank you. 问：我是阿尔戈·伊德翁，来自爱沙尼亚日报《邮报》。我的问题同样提给两位总统。乌克兰正面临困难时期，在10月议会选举前夕，当地局势可能变得更加复杂。在您看来，在政治、经济以及安全方面，还可以做些什么、应该做些什么来支持乌克兰？您如何看待向乌克兰武装部队提供武器以更有效地对抗俄罗斯在该国东部进攻的想法？谢谢。
President Ilves: Well, most importantly, Ukraine needs above all continued political support. And from that support comes decisions that involve everything else -- economic aid, humanitarian aid, and also military aid. And from that come also decisions on equipment. 伊尔韦斯总统：最重要的是，乌克兰首先需要持续的政治支持。有了这种支持，才会有涉及其他一切的决定——经济援助、人道主义援助，还有军事援助。装备方面的决定也由此而来。
In Wales, the NATO-Ukraine committee will gather and will decide how to increase NATO defense cooperation with Ukraine. This is the kind of decision that we in NATO take together. On the humanitarian side, we have doubled our humanitarian and development assistance in looking for what more we can do. We have already brought wounded, seriously wounded Ukrainian soldiers to our top-notch rehabilitation center here and will continue to do so. 在威尔士，北约-乌克兰委员会将举行会议，决定如何加强北约与乌克兰的防务合作。这是我们北约共同做出的决定。在人道主义方面，我们已经将人道主义和发展援助增加了一倍，并在寻求更多可以做的事情。我们已经将受伤的、重伤的乌克兰士兵接到我们这里一流的康复中心接受治疗，并将继续这样做。
That is certainly one thing that is -- we know the Ukrainians lack that and we have it at a superbly high level, and also, I should add quickly, that with the assistance with the United States and the Walter Reed Hospital that we have this here. 这当然是我们所做的一件事——我们知道乌克兰人缺乏这方面的能力，而我们拥有极高水平的康复资源。我还要迅速补充一点，这也是在美国和沃尔特·里德医院的协助下才实现的。
The next couple of months leading up to the parliamentary elections will be very tricky. Russia, I predict, will do everything in its power to undermine the elections. We saw this already in the case of the presidential elections. It will try to destabilize the government in Kyiv, and to keep Ukraine forces from regaining ground in the east. So we should be prepared for a tough several -- or a month, month and a half. 议会选举前的这几个月将非常棘手。我预测，俄罗斯将竭尽所能破坏选举。我们在总统选举中已经看到了这一点。俄罗斯将试图破坏基辅政府的稳定，并阻止乌克兰军队在东部收复失地。所以我们应该做好准备，迎接艰难的几周——或者说一个月、一个半月。
The next government, of course, that will be then will have the full legitimacy that comes with the new parliamentary elections -- must show that it is a clear and better alternative to the one that the people of Ukraine ousted half a year ago. 当然，届时产生的下一届政府将拥有新议会选举所赋予的完全合法性——它必须证明自己是一个比乌克兰人民半年前推翻的政府更明确、更好的选择。
And I also see that making sure -- ensuring that the elections are carried out in a free and fair manner will be a topmost priority for us, for the OSCE. And I think one of the issues should be, in fact, the kind of interference that we saw in the presidential elections, that not be allowed or be fully addressed and recognized by the monitoring of the elections. I think that we all -- after especially the presidential elections, we all know what the Russian forces can do to disrupt the democratic process. 我还认为，确保选举以自由公正的方式进行，将是我们以及欧安组织的头等大事。我认为，事实上，其中一个问题应该是：我们在总统选举中看到的那种干预行为，不应被允许，或者应通过选举监督得到充分揭露和确认。我想我们都知道——特别是在总统选举之后，我们都清楚俄罗斯势力会怎样破坏民主进程。
And I think we should be far better prepared to document all of that when we get to the elections. 我认为，到选举举行时，我们应该有更充分的准备来记录所有这些干预行为。
President Obama: Political support is absolutely vital. And one of our goals at the summit over the next several days is to once again project unity across NATO on behalf of Ukraine’s efforts to maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity. 奥巴马总统：政治支持绝对至关重要。我们在未来几天峰会上的目标之一，就是再次展现北约内部的团结，支持乌克兰维护其主权和领土完整的努力。
The sanctions that we’ve applied so far have had a real effect on Russia. And I think it’s important for us to continue to impose costs on Russia so long as it is violating basic principles of international law. 迄今为止我们实施的制裁已经对俄罗斯产生了切实的影响。我认为，只要俄罗斯继续违反国际法基本原则，我们就必须继续让其付出代价。
And so far at least we’ve been able to combine efforts between Europe and the United States and some of our allies around the world, and the results are a Russian economy that is effectively contracting, capital flight putting a burden on the Russian economy that at the moment may be overridden by politics inside of Russia as a consequence of state-run propaganda, but over time will point to the fact that this is a strategy that’s not serving Russia well, in addition to not serving Ukraine, obviously, well. 至少到目前为止，我们已经能够将欧洲、美国以及世界各地一些盟友的力量联合起来，其结果是俄罗斯经济正在实质收缩。资本外逃给俄罗斯经济造成了负担——尽管目前由于国家控制的宣传，这种负担可能被俄罗斯国内的政治因素所掩盖，但随着时间的推移，这终将表明，这一战略对俄罗斯不利，显然对乌克兰也不利。
Beyond that, the Ukrainian economy is something that we have been paying a lot of attention to. We helped work with the IMF to ensure that Ukraine had the resources to get through some of the emergency financing issues that they had to deal with, but we’re going to have more work to do. 除此之外，乌克兰经济也是我们一直高度关注的问题。我们协助国际货币基金组织确保乌克兰拥有资源来应对一些紧急融资问题，但我们还有更多工作要做。
The military efforts that have been required to deal with Russian-financed, Russian-armed, Russian-trained, Russian-supported and often Russian-directed separatists has meant that -- has meant a drain on the Ukrainian economy, not to mention the fact that you have major industrial areas inside of Ukraine that obviously have been impacted by the conflict there. 应对那些由俄罗斯资助、俄罗斯武装、俄罗斯训练、俄罗斯支持且往往由俄罗斯指挥的分裂分子所需的军事努力，已经意味着乌克兰经济的消耗，更不用说乌克兰境内的主要工业区显然也受到了当地冲突的影响。
So we’re going to have to make sure that the international community stands behind the Ukrainian economy in the short term, even as we encourage and advise and work with Ukraine to carry out some of the basic reforms that are going to be required in order for them to achieve the kinds of models of success that we’ve seen in Estonia and Poland and other places. And that’s a tough row to hoe. It took a couple of decades for some of the countries who are currently in the EU to achieve the sort of market-based reforms that have led to such great prosperity. 因此，我们必须确保国际社会在短期内支持乌克兰经济，与此同时，我们也鼓励、建议并协助乌克兰进行一些必要的基础改革，以便他们能够实现我们在爱沙尼亚、波兰和其他地方所看到的那种成功模式。这绝非易事。目前一些欧盟国家花了几十年时间才实现了带来如此巨大繁荣的市场化改革。
Ukraine is not going to be able to do that overnight, but we have to make sure that we are helping build a bridge towards that new future. And if we combine those efforts with a commitment to continuing the NATO-Ukraine military relationship -- they are not a member of NATO, but we have consistently worked with their military in terms of training and support -- then I think that not only will Ukraine feel that in words we are behind them, but they’ll see that in deed we are working with them, as well. 乌克兰不可能一蹴而就，但我们必须确保我们正在帮助搭建通往这一新未来的桥梁。如果我们将这些努力与继续发展北约-乌克兰军事关系的承诺结合起来——乌克兰不是北约成员，但我们一直在培训和支持方面与其军队合作——那么我认为，乌克兰不仅会感受到我们在口头上支持他们，还会看到我们在行动上也与他们站在一起。
Steve Holland of Reuters. 请路透社的史蒂夫·霍兰德提问。
Question: Thank you, sir. Just following up on Ann -- will you have this military strategy on ISIS ready for discussion with NATO allies this week? And in your view, what should NATO be prepared to do to take on Islamic State? Lastly, how much stock do you put in this reported cease-fire between Ukraine and Russia? How do you assess Putin’s motives? 问：谢谢您，先生。接着安的问题问——您本周是否准备好与北约盟国讨论这一针对伊斯兰国的军事战略？在您看来，北约应该准备好做些什么来应对伊斯兰国？最后，您对据报道的乌克兰与俄罗斯之间的停火有多大信心？您如何评估普京的动机？
President Obama: It’s too early to tell what this cease-fire means. We haven’t seen any details; we’ve just seen a couple of wire reports. We have consistently supported the effort of President Poroshenko to achieve a meaningful cease-fire that could lead to a political settlement of the conflict. 奥巴马总统：现在判断这一停火意味着什么还为时过早。我们还没有看到任何细节，只看到了几则电讯报道。我们一贯支持波罗申科总统为实现有意义的停火所做的努力，这可能导致冲突的政治解决。
So far, it hasn’t held, either because Russia has not been serious about it or has pretended that it’s not controlling the separatists; and the separatists, when they’ve thought it was to their advantage, have not abided by the cease-fire. So we haven’t seen a lot of follow-up on so-called announced cease-fires. 到目前为止，停火一直未能持久，要么是因为俄罗斯对此并不认真，要么是因为俄罗斯假装自己没有控制分裂分子；而分裂分子在认为对自己有利时，就不遵守停火协议。所以，对于所谓的停火声明，我们并没有看到太多后续行动。
Having said that, if, in fact, Russia is prepared to stop financing, arming, training -- in many cases joining with Russian troops -- activities in Ukraine, and is serious about a political settlement, that is something that we all hope for. 话虽如此，如果俄罗斯真的准备停止在乌克兰的资助、武装、训练——很多情况下还直接出动俄军参与——活动，并认真对待政治解决，那是我们所有人都希望看到的。
I’ve said consistently our preference is a strong, productive, cooperative Russia. But the way to achieve that is by abiding to international norms, to improving the economy, to focusing on how they can actually produce goods and services that other people want and give opportunity to their people and educate them. That's not the path that they’ve been pursuing over the last several years. It’s certainly not in evidence when it comes to their strategy in Ukraine. 我一贯表示，我们更希望看到一个强大、富有成效、合作的俄罗斯。但实现这一目标的途径是遵守国际准则、改善经济、专注于如何真正生产出他人需要的商品和服务、为其人民提供机会并教育他们。而这并不是他们过去几年所走的道路。从他们在乌克兰的战略来看，显然不是这样。
I’ll leave it up to others to interpret Mr. Putin’s psychology on this. But in terms of actions, what we’ve seen is aggression and appeals to nationalist sentiments that have historically been very dangerous in Europe and are rightly a cause of concern. 普京先生对此的心理，我留给其他人去解读。但就行动而言，我们看到的是侵略和对民族主义情绪的煽动，这在欧洲历史上一直是非常危险的，理应引起关注。
So there’s an opportunity here. Let’s see if there’s follow-up. In my discussions with President Poroshenko I’ve consistently said that he needs to follow up on the kinds of reforms that he proposed so that eastern Ukraine feels as if it is fairly represented and that Russian-language speakers are protected against discrimination. These are all things that are part of this platform. We encourage them to move forward. 所以这里存在一个机遇。让我们看看是否有后续行动。在我与波罗申科总统的讨论中，我一直表示，他需要落实他所提出的各项改革，使乌克兰东部感到自己得到了公平代表，俄语使用者受到保护、不受歧视。这些都是其施政纲领的内容。我们鼓励他们向前推进。
But no realistic political settlement can be achieved if effectively Russia says we are going to continue to send tanks and troops and arms and advisors under the guise of separatists who are not homegrown, and the only possible settlement is if Ukraine cedes its territory or its sovereignty or its ability to make its own decisions about its security and its economic future. 但是，如果俄罗斯实际上表示，我们将继续以并非土生土长的分裂分子为幌子，派遣坦克、军队、武器和顾问，而唯一可能的解决方案是乌克兰割让领土、放弃主权，或者丧失对自身安全和经济未来自主决策的能力——那么就不可能实现任何现实的政治解决。
With respect to Iraq, we will be discussing this topic. Even before ISIL dominated the headlines, one of the concerns that we have had is the development of terrorist networks and organizations, separate and apart from al Qaeda, whose focus oftentimes is regional and who are combining terrorist tactics with the tactics of small armies. And we’ve seen ISIS to be the first one that has broken through, but we anticipated this awhile back and it was reflected in my West Point speech. 关于伊拉克，我们将讨论这一议题。甚至在伊斯兰国占据新闻头条之前，我们就一直担忧的问题之一是，除了基地组织之外，还出现了新的恐怖网络和组织——它们往往以地区为重点，并且将恐怖战术与小规模军队的战术结合起来。我们已经看到伊斯兰国是第一个崭露头角的，但我们在一段时间之前就预见到了这一点，这也反映在我在西点军校的演讲中。
So one of our goals is to get NATO to work with us to help create the kinds of partnerships regionally that can combat not just ISIL, but these kinds of networks as they arise and potentially destabilize allies and partners of ours in the region. 因此，我们的目标之一是让北约与我们合作，帮助在地区层面建立各种伙伴关系，不仅能够打击伊斯兰国，还能够在这类网络兴起、可能破坏我们在该地区的盟友和伙伴的稳定时予以应对。
Already we’ve seen NATO countries recognize the severity of this problem, that it is going to be a long-run problem. Immediately, they’ve dedicated resources to help us with humanitarian airdrops, to provide arms to the Peshmerga and to the Iraqi security forces. And we welcome those efforts. What we hope to do at the NATO Summit is to make sure that we are more systematic about how we do it, that we’re more focused about how we do it. 我们已经看到北约各国认识到这一问题的严重性，认识到这将是一个长期问题。他们立即投入资源，帮助我们进行人道主义空投，向佩什梅格武装和伊拉克安全部队提供武器。我们对这些努力表示欢迎。我们希望在北约峰会上做到的是，确保我们的行动更加系统化、更有针对性。
NATO is unique in the annals of history as a successful alliance. But we have to recognize that threats evolve, and threats have evolved as a consequence of what we’ve seen in Ukraine, but threats are also evolving in the Middle East that have a direct effect on Europe. 北约作为一个成功的联盟，在历史上是独一无二的。但我们必须认识到，威胁在不断演变。由于我们在乌克兰所看到的情况，威胁已经发生了变化，而中东地区正在演变的威胁也对欧洲产生着直接影响。
And to go back to what I said earlier to Ann, we know that if we are joined by the international community, we can continue to shrink ISIL’s sphere of influence, its effectiveness, its financing, its military capabilities to the point where it is a manageable problem. And the question is going to be making sure we’ve got the right strategy, but also making sure that we’ve got the international will to do it. This is something that is a continuation of a problem we’ve seen certainly since 9/11, but before. And it continues to metastasize in different ways. 回到我之前对安所说的，我们知道，如果国际社会与我们一道，我们就能够继续缩小伊斯兰国的势力范围、削弱其效能、切断其资金来源、降低其军事能力，直到它成为一个可控的问题。问题将在于确保我们拥有正确的战略，同时也确保我们拥有这样做的国际意志。这是一个自9·11以来——甚至更早——我们就一直看到的问题的延续。而且它还在以不同的方式继续扩散。
And what we’ve got to do is make sure that we are organizing the Arab world, the Middle East, the Muslim world along with the international community to isolate this cancer, this particular brand of extremism that is, first and foremost, destructive to the Muslim world and the Arab world and North Africa, and the people who live there. They’re the ones who are most severely affected. They’re the ones who are constantly under threat of being killed. 我们必须做的是，确保我们正在联合阿拉伯世界、中东、穆斯林世界以及国际社会，来孤立这一毒瘤——这种特定形式的极端主义首先而且最主要的是对穆斯林世界、阿拉伯世界、北非以及生活在那里的人民造成破坏。他们是受影响最严重的人。他们是那些不断受到死亡威胁的人。
They’re the ones whose economies are completely upended to the point where they can’t produce their own food and they can’t produce the kinds of goods and services to sell in the world marketplace. And they’re falling behind because of this very small and narrow, but very dangerous, segment of the population. And we’ve got to combat it in a sustained, effective way. And I’m confident we’re going to be able to do that. 他们的经济被彻底颠覆，以至于他们无法生产自己的粮食，也无法生产出可供在世界市场上销售的商品和服务。他们因为这一规模极小、范围极窄但极其危险的人群而落后。我们必须以持续、有效的方式与之斗争。我相信我们能够做到这一点。
Thank you very much. I appreciate it, Mr. President. 非常感谢。谢谢您，总统先生。
