Good evening, everybody. I want to begin by thanking the people of Washington, D.C. for hosting us, especially for putting up with more than 50 motorcades. And I will make one promise to the people of this city -- I will not hold another one of these summits in another six years. 各位晚上好。首先，我要感谢华盛顿特区的市民接待我们，尤其是忍受了五十多支车队的出行。我要向这座城市的人民许下一个承诺——六年内我不会再在这里举办这样的峰会了。
I want to thank everyone who participated in our meetings -- more than 50 leaders from every region of the world and key international organizations. As at our previous summits, we didn't just come here to talk, but we came here to act. I know that the very technical nature of nuclear security doesn't always make for flashy headlines. But over the past six years, we have made significant, meaningful progress in securing the world's nuclear material so that it never falls into the hands of terrorists. And I want to take a few moments to step back and lay out exactly what we have accomplished. 我要感谢所有参与我们会议的人——来自世界各个地区的五十多位领导人以及主要国际组织。与以往各届峰会一样，我们来这里不只是为了会谈，更是为了行动。我知道，核安全的技术性很强，并不总能成为轰动的头条新闻。但在过去六年里，我们在保障全球核材料安全、使其永远不会落入恐怖分子手中方面取得了重大而有意义的进展。我想花一点时间回顾一下，详细说明我们究竟取得了哪些成就。
Together, we have removed the world's most deadly materials from nuclear facilities around the world. With Japan's announcement today, we've now removed or secured all the highly enriched uranium and plutonium from more than 50 facilities in 30 countries -- more than 3.8 tons, which is more than enough to create 150 nuclear weapons. That's material than will never fall into the hands of terrorists. 我们共同从世界各地的核设施中移除了世界上最危险的材料。随着日本今天宣布这一消息，我们现已从三十个国家的五十多个设施中移除或保护了所有高浓缩铀和钚——总计超过三点八吨，这足以制造一百五十多枚核武器。这些材料永远不会落入恐怖分子手中。
Fourteen nations and Taiwan -- countries as diverse as Argentina and Chile, to Libya and Turkey, to Serbia and Vietnam -- have now rid themselves entirely of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. In particular, I want to point out again that successfully removing all of Ukraine's highly enriched uranium four years ago meant that the very difficult situation in Ukraine over the past two years was not made even more dangerous by the presence of these materials. 十四个国家和台湾——从阿根廷、智利到利比亚、土耳其，再到塞尔维亚和越南等形形色色的国家和地区——现已完全清除了本国的高浓缩铀和钚。我尤其要再次指出，四年前成功移除乌克兰所有高浓缩铀意味着，过去两年乌克兰的艰难局势没有因这些材料的存在而变得更加危险。
As of today, South America -- an entire continent -- is completely free of these dangerous materials. When Poland completes its removal this year, central Europe will be free of them as well. When Indonesia completes its work this year, so will all of Southeast Asia. In other words, as terrorists and criminal gangs and arms merchants look around for deadly ingredients for a nuclear device, vast regions of the world are now off-limits. And that is a remarkable achievement. 截至今天，南美洲——整个大陆——已完全没有这些危险材料。当波兰今年完成移除工作后，中欧也将摆脱这些材料。当印度尼西亚今年完成其工作后，整个东南亚也将如此。换句话说，当恐怖分子、犯罪团伙和军火商四处寻找制造核装置的致命原料时，世界上广大地区已不再是他们的目标。这是一项非凡的成就。
We've made important progress in the United States as well. In addition to the new steps I announced this morning, we've improved nuclear security and training. We've consolidated nuclear materials at fewer facilities, eliminated some 138 tons of our surplus highly enriched uranium -- which would be enough for 5,500 nuclear weapons. Working with Russia, we're on track to eliminate enough Russian highly enriched uranium for about 20,000 nuclear weapons, which we are converting to electricity here in the United States. 美国国内也取得了重要进展。除了我今天上午宣布的新措施外，我们还改进了核安全和培训工作。我们将核材料整合到更少的设施中，消除了约一百三十八吨过剩的高浓缩铀——这足以制造五千五百枚核武器。与俄罗斯合作，我们正按计划消除足够制造约两万枚核武器的俄罗斯高浓缩铀，我们正在美国将这些铀转化为电力。
More specifically, as a result of these summits, every single one of the more than 50 nations represented here have taken concrete steps to enhance security at their nuclear facilities and storage sites. And that includes improved physical security, stronger regulations, abiding by international guidelines, greater transparency, and that includes international peer reviews. 更具体地说，得益于这些峰会，与会的五十多个国家中的每一个都采取了具体步骤，加强其核设施和储存场所的安全。这包括改进实物保护、加强监管、遵守国际准则、提高透明度，以及开展国际同行审议。
Fifteen new centers have been created around the world to promote nuclear security technologies and training, to share best practices. And as part of our work today, we agreed to keep strengthening our nuclear facilities' defenses against cyber-attacks. 全球已建立十五个新中心，以推广核安全技术和培训，分享最佳实践。作为我们今天工作的一部分，我们同意继续加强核设施对网络攻击的防御能力。
We've bolstered international efforts to disrupt nuclear smuggling. The Proliferation Security Initiative has grown to more than 100 nations, including regular exercises to improve our collective ability to interdict shipments. 我们加强了打击核走私的国际努力。"防扩散安全倡议"已发展到一百多个国家，包括定期举行演习以提高我们联合拦截运输的能力。
The United States and 36 partner countries have worked to install radiation detection equipment at more than 300 international border crossings, airports and ports. And we are developing new mobile detection systems as well. And finally, as I noted this morning, we've strengthened the treaties and international partnerships that are a foundation for so many of our efforts. 美国与三十六个伙伴国家合作，在三百多个国际边境口岸、机场和港口安装了辐射探测设备。我们也在开发新的移动探测系统。最后，正如我今天上午所指出的，我们加强了作为我们众多努力基础的各项条约和国际伙伴关系。
So, again, we have made significant progress. And everyone involved in this work -- especially our teams, who have worked tirelessly for years -- can take enormous pride in our achievements. 因此，我们再次取得了重大进展。每一位参与这项工作的人——尤其是我们多年来不知疲倦工作的团队——都可以为我们的成就感到无比自豪。
Nevertheless, as I said earlier, our work is by no means finished. There's still a great deal of nuclear and radioactive material around the world that needs to be secured. Global stocks of plutonium are growing. Nuclear arsenals are expanding in some countries with more small, tactical nuclear weapons, which could be at greater risk of theft. And as a consequence, one of the central goals of this summit was how do we build on the work that has been done so that we have an international architecture that can continue the efforts, even though this is the last formal leaders' summit. 尽管如此，正如我之前所说，我们的工作绝没有结束。世界各地仍有大量核材料和放射性材料需要保护。全球钚库存正在增加。一些国家的核武库正在扩张，拥有更多小型战术核武器，这些武器被盗的风险可能更大。因此，本次峰会的核心目标之一，就是如何在已完成工作的基础上继续推进，建立一个能够持续努力的国际架构，尽管这是最后一届正式的领导人峰会。
So even as this is the last of those leader-level summits, today we agreed to maintain a strong architecture, including through the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and INTERPOL, to carry on this work and to provide the resources and technical support that is needed to continue this mission. And we are creating a new nuclear security contact group -- senior-level experts from more than 30 of our countries -- who will meet regularly to preserve the networks of cooperation we've built, to institutionalize this work, and to keep driving progress for years to come. 因此，尽管这是最后一届领导人级别的峰会，今天我们同意维持一个强有力的架构，包括通过联合国、国际原子能机构和国际刑警组织来开展这项工作，并提供继续这一使命所需的资源和技术支持。我们还将成立一个新的核安全联系小组——来自三十多个国家的高级别专家——他们将定期会晤，维护我们建立的合作网络，使这项工作制度化，并在未来岁月中持续推动进展。
At our session on ISIL this afternoon, there was widespread agreement that defeating terrorist groups like ISIL requires more information-sharing. Everybody understands the urgency in the wake of what's happened in Brussels and Turkey, Pakistan, and so many other countries around the world. 在今天下午关于ISIL的会议上，各方普遍认为，击败ISIL这样的恐怖组织需要更多的信息共享。在布鲁塞尔、土耳其、巴基斯坦以及世界上许多其他国家发生的事件之后，每个人都明白其中的紧迫性。
As a consequence, our Director of National Intelligence, Jim Clapper, is continuing to engage with intelligence leaders from a number of our European partners on deepening our cooperation. And today, I invited all the nations represented at this summit to join a broader discussion among our intelligence and security services on how we can improve information-sharing within and among our nations to prevent all manner of terrorist attacks, especially those that might involve weapons of mass destruction. 因此，我们的国家情报总监吉姆·克拉珀正继续与我们若干欧洲伙伴的情报部门领导人接触，深化我们的合作。今天，我邀请出席本次峰会的所有国家加入我们情报和安全部门之间更广泛的讨论，探讨如何改进各国内部以及各国之间的信息共享，以防止各种形式的恐怖袭击，尤其是可能涉及大规模杀伤性武器的袭击。
In closing, I just want to say that preventing nuclear terrorism is one part of the broader agenda that I outlined seven years ago in Prague -- stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and seeking a world without them. In recent days, there's been no shortage of analysis on whether we've achieved our vision, and I'm the first to acknowledge the great deal of work that remains -- from negotiating further reductions with Russia to dealing with North Korea's nuclear program. 最后，我想说的是，防止核恐怖主义是我七年前在布拉格提出的更广泛议程的一部分——即制止核武器扩散，谋求一个没有核武器的世界。最近几天，关于我们是否实现了愿景的分析层出不穷，而我首先要承认，仍有大量工作要做——从与俄罗斯谈判进一步削减，到应对朝鲜的核计划。
As I indicated in Prague, realizing our vision will not happen quickly, and it perhaps will not happen in my lifetime. But we've begun. The United States and Russian nuclear arsenals are on track to be the lowest that they have been in six decades. I've reduced the number and role of nuclear weapons in our nuclear security strategy. In a historic deal, we've prevented the spread of nuclear weapons to Iran. An international fuel bank is being built to promote civil nuclear cooperation. 正如我在布拉格所表示的，实现我们的愿景不会很快发生，或许在我有生之年都不会发生。但我们已经起步了。美国和俄罗斯的核武库正有望降至六十年来的最低水平。我已经减少了核武器在我们核安全战略中的数量和作用。通过一项历史性协议，我们阻止了核武器向伊朗的扩散。一个国际燃料银行正在建设中，以促进民用核合作。
So I'm extremely proud of our record across the board. And we're going to keep pushing forward wherever we can, as I hope future administrations do, to bring us closer to the day when these nuclear dangers no longer hang over the heads of our children and our grandchildren. 因此，我为我们全面的记录感到无比自豪。我们将继续尽我们所能向前推进，我也希望未来的政府能够这样做，让我们更接近那一天——这些核危险不再悬在我们子孙后代的头上。
With that, let me take a few questions. And I'm going to start with Roberta Rampton of Reuters. 好，下面我来回答几个问题。我先请路透社的罗伯塔·兰普顿提问。
Question: Thank you. I want to ask about Iran. And three weeks ago, Iran's Supreme Leader complained that his country has not been getting actual business deals since the nuclear agreement. And non-U.S. companies are saying that it's very hard, or sometimes impossible, to do much business with Iran without at some point accessing the U.S. financial system to do U.S.-dollar-denominated transactions. So my question is, are you considering allowing such transactions? And if so, is that not a betrayal of your assurances that most U.S. sanctions would stay in place? 记者：谢谢。我想问关于伊朗的问题。三周前，伊朗最高领袖抱怨说，自核协议达成以来，他的国家一直没有得到实际的商业交易。非美国公司也表示，要与伊朗开展业务非常困难，有时甚至是不可能的，因为在某个节点上必须接入美国金融系统才能进行美元计价的交易。所以我的问题是，您是否在考虑允许此类交易？如果是的话，这难道不是违背了您关于大多数美国制裁将继续有效的保证吗？
President Obama: That's not actually the approach that we're taking. So let me say broadly that so long as Iran is carrying out its end of the bargain, we think it's important for the world community to carry out our end of the bargain. 奥巴马总统：这实际上不是我们正在采取的做法。所以让我笼统地说，只要伊朗履行其承诺，我们认为国际社会履行我们的承诺是很重要的。
They have, in fact, based on the presentations that were made by the IAEA this morning to the P5+1, have, in fact, followed the implementation steps that were laid out. And as a consequence, sanctions related to their nuclear program have been brought down. Part of the challenge that they face is that companies haven't been doing business there for a long time, and they need to get comfortable with the prospects of this deal holding. 事实上，根据国际原子能机构今天上午向P5+1所作的介绍，伊朗确实遵循了规定的实施步骤。因此，与其核计划相关的制裁已经解除。他们面临的部分挑战是，企业很久没有在那里做生意了，他们需要对这项协议持续下去的前景建立信心。
One of the things that Secretary Lew and his counterparts within the P5+1 and elsewhere are going to be doing is providing clarity to businesses about what transactions are, in fact, allowed. And it's going to take time over the next several months for companies and their legal departments to feel confident that, in fact, there may not be risks of liability if they do business with Iran. 财政部长卢和他在P5+1及其他方面的同行将要做的事情之一，就是向企业明确说明哪些交易实际上是被允许的。企业及其法务部门需要在未来几个月的时间里才能确信，与伊朗做生意实际上可能不存在法律责任风险。
And so some of the concerns that Iran has expressed we are going to work with them to address. It is not necessary that we take the approach of them going through dollar-denominated transactions. It is possible for them to work through European financial institutions, as well. But there is going to need to be continued clarification provided to businesses in order to -- for deal flows to begin. 因此，伊朗表达的一些担忧，我们将与他们合作解决。没有必要采取让他们通过美元计价交易的方式。他们也可以通过欧洲金融机构运作。但需要继续向企业澄清，以便——交易流能够开始。
Now, what I would say is also important is Iran's own behavior in generating confidence that Iran is a safe place to do business. In a deal like this, my first priority, my first concern was making sure that we got their nuclear program stopped, and material that they already had that would give them a very short breakout capacity, that that was shipped out. That has happened. And I always said that I could not promise that Iran would take advantage of this opportunity and this window to reenter the international community. 现在，我还要说的是，伊朗自身的行为也很重要，要让人们对伊朗是一个安全的经商之地产生信心。在这样的协议中，我的首要任务、首要关切是确保我们阻止了他们的核计划，并且他们已经拥有的、会让他们具备极短"突破时间"的材料已经运出。这已经实现了。我也一直说，我不能保证伊朗会利用这个机会和这个窗口重新融入国际社会。
Iran, so far, has followed the letter of the agreement. But the spirit of the agreement involves Iran also sending signals to the world community and businesses that it is not going to be engaging in a range of provocative actions that might scare business off. When they launched ballistic missiles with slogans calling for the destruction of Israel that makes businesses nervous. There is some geopolitical risk that is heightened when they see that taking place. 到目前为止，伊朗遵守了协议的条文。但协议的精神还包括伊朗也要向国际社会和企业发出信号，表明它不会从事一系列可能吓跑企业的挑衅行动。当他们发射印有"消灭以色列"标语的弹道导弹时，企业就会感到紧张。当他们看到这种情况发生时，地缘政治风险就会加大。
If Iran continues to ship missiles to Hezbollah, that gets businesses nervous. And so part of what I hope happens is we have a responsibility to provide clarity about the rules that govern so that Iran can, in fact, benefit, the Iranian people can benefit from an improved economic situation. 如果伊朗继续向真主党运送导弹，企业也会感到紧张。因此，我所希望的部分情况是，我们有责任明确说明相关规则，以便伊朗能够真正受益，伊朗人民能够从改善的经济状况中受益。
But Iran has to understand what every country in the world understands, which is businesses want to go where they feel safe, where they don't see massive controversy, where they can be confident that transactions are going to operate normally. And that's an adjustment that Iran is going to have to make as well. 但伊朗必须明白世界上每个国家都明白的道理，那就是企业愿意去它们感到安全的地方，去没有巨大争议的地方，去它们可以确信交易能够正常进行的地方。而这也是伊朗必须做出的调整。
And, frankly, within Iran, I suspect there are different views. In the same way that there are hardliners here in the United States who, even after we certify that this deal is working, even after our intelligence teams, Israeli intelligence teams say this has been a game-changer, are still opposed to the deal on principle, there are hardliners inside of Iran who don't want to see Iran open itself up to the broader world community and are doing things to potentially undermine the deal. 坦率地说，伊朗内部可能存在不同的意见。就像美国也有强硬派一样——即使在我们证明该协议有效之后，即使在我们的情报团队、以色列情报团队都说这改变了游戏规则之后——他们仍然原则上反对该协议，伊朗内部也有强硬派，他们不希望看到伊朗向更广泛的国际社会开放，并且正在做一些可能破坏协议的事情。
And so those forces that seek the benefits of the deal not just in narrow terms but more broadly, we want to make sure that, over time, they're in a position to realize those benefits. 因此，对于那些不仅在狭义上而且在更广泛意义上寻求协议好处的力量，我们希望确保，随着时间的推移，他们能够实现这些好处。
David Nakamura. 大卫·中村。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. As you mentioned at the beginning of your remarks, you just finished a working session with 50 world leaders about combatting terrorism and groups like the Islamic State. And I wanted to ask you specifically about one of the strategies, prime strategies your administration is using in that effort. 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。正如您在开场发言中提到的，您刚刚与五十位世界领导人举行了一场关于打击恐怖主义和伊斯兰国等组织的工作会议。我想具体请问您政府在这一努力中使用的主要策略之一。
In the past several weeks, your administration has killed well over 200 people in airstrikes in Somalia, Libya, and Yemen, according to the Department of Defense. How can you be certain that all the people killed posed an imminent threat to the United States? And why is the United States now killing scores of people at a time, rather than eliminating individuals in very targeted strikes? Thank you. 过去几周，根据国防部的数据，您政府在索马里、利比亚和也门的空袭中造成了两百多人死亡。您如何确定所有被击毙的人都对美国构成了迫在眉睫的威胁？为什么美国现在一次要打死数十人，而不是通过精准打击消灭个体？谢谢。
President Obama: We have constructed a fairly rigid and vigorous set of criteria for us evaluating the intelligence that we receive about ISIL, where it might be operating, where al Qaeda is operating. These guidelines involve a whole range of agencies consulting extensively, and are then checked, double-checked, triple-checked before kinetic actions are taken. 奥巴马总统：我们建立了一套相当严格和有力的标准，用于评估我们收到的关于ISIL及其可能活动区域、基地组织活动区域的情报。这些准则涉及众多机构广泛磋商，在采取军事行动前要经过反复核查、双重核查、三重核查。
And for the most part, our actions are directed at high-value targets in the countries that you just described, outside of the theater of Iraq and Syria. In some cases, what we're seeing are camps that after long periods of monitoring becomes clear are involved in in directing plots that could do the United States harm, or are supporting ISIL activities or al Qaeda activities elsewhere in the world. 在大多数情况下，我们的行动针对的是你刚才提到的那些国家的高价值目标，即在伊拉克和叙利亚战场以外的地区。在某些情况下，我们看到的是一些营地，经过长期监视后可以明确它们参与策划了可能对美国造成伤害的阴谋，或者在支持ISIL或基地组织在世界其他地方的活动。
So, if after a long period of observation, we are seeing that, in fact, explosive materials are being loaded onto trucks, and individuals are engaging in training in small arms, and there are some of those individuals who are identified as couriers for ISIL or al Qaeda then, based on those evaluations, a strike will be taken. But what we have been very cautious about is making sure that we are not taking strikes in situations where, for example, we think there is the presence of women or children, or if it is in a normally populated area. 因此，如果经过长期观察，我们看到爆炸物确实正在被装上卡车，个人正在接受轻武器训练，并且其中一些人被确认为ISIL或基地组织的联络员，那么基于这些评估，就会实施打击。但我们一直非常谨慎的是，确保我们不会在某些情况下实施打击，例如，我们认为有妇女或儿童在场，或者是在正常人口稠密的地区。
And recently we laid out the criteria by which we're making these decisions. We declassified many elements of this. We are going to be putting forward and trying to institutionalize on a regular basis how we make these evaluations and these analyses. 最近我们公布了我们做出这些决定所依据的标准。我们解密了其中的许多内容。我们将定期提出并努力将我们进行这些评估和分析的方式制度化。
I think, in terms of the broader debate that's taking place, David, I think there's been in the past legitimate criticism that the architecture, the legal architecture around the use of drone strikes or other kinetic strikes wasn't as precise as it should have been, and there's no doubt that civilians were killed that shouldn't have been. I think that over the last several years, we have worked very hard to avoid and prevent those kinds of tragedies from taking place. 大卫，我认为，就目前正在进行的更广泛辩论而言，过去确实存在合理的批评，即使用无人机打击或其他军事打击的法律架构没有它应有的精确性，而且毫无疑问有不该死的平民丧生。我认为，在过去几年里，我们非常努力地避免和防止这类悲剧的发生。
In situations of war, we have to take responsibility when we're not acting appropriately, or where we've just made mistakes even with the best of intentions. And that's what we're going to continue to try to do. And what I can say with great confidence is that our operating procedures are as rigorous as they have ever been and that there is a constant evaluation of precisely what we do. 在战争状态下，当我们行动不当，或者即使出于最良好的意愿也犯了错误时，我们必须承担责任。这就是我们将继续努力去做的事情。我可以非常自信地说，我们的操作程序一如既往地严格，并且我们会不断对所做的一切进行评估。
Carol Lee. 卡罗尔·李。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. You've spent seven years now working on nonproliferation issues, and you said in your opening remarks that you hope that future administrations do the same and make it a priority. This week, the Republican frontrunner to replace you said that perhaps South Korea and Japan should have nuclear weapons, and wouldn't rule out using nuclear weapons in Europe. 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。您在核不扩散问题上已经投入了七年时间，您在开场发言中说，希望未来的政府也能这样做并将其作为优先事项。本周，有望接替您的共和党领跑人表示，韩国和日本或许应该拥有核武器，并且不排除在欧洲使用核武器的可能性。
Did that come up at this summit? And just generally, what message does it send when a major-party candidate is articulating such a reversal in U.S. foreign policy? And also, who did you vote for in the Democratic primary? 这个问题在本次峰会上被提出来了吗？一般来说，当一个主要政党的候选人表达出对美国外交政策如此大的逆转时，这传递了什么信息？还有，您在民主党初选中投了谁的票？
President Obama: Well, first of all, it's a secret ballot, isn't it, Carol? Okay. No, I'm not going to tell you now. 奥巴马总统：嗯，首先，这是无记名投票，对吧，卡罗尔？好了，我现在不打算告诉你们。
What do the statements you mentioned tell us? They tell us that the person who made the statements doesn't know much about foreign policy, or nuclear policy, or the Korean Peninsula, or the world generally. 你提到的那些言论告诉了我们什么？它们告诉我们，发表这些言论的人对外交政策、核政策、朝鲜半岛或者整个世界都知之甚少。
It came up on the sidelines. I've said before that people pay attention to American elections. What we do is really important to the rest of the world. And even in those countries that are used to a carnival atmosphere in their own politics want sobriety and clarity when it comes to U.S. elections because they understand the President of the United States needs to know what's going on around the world and has to put in place the kinds of policies that lead not only to our security and prosperity, but will have an impact on everybody else's security and prosperity. 这个问题在会场边的讨论中被提起过。我以前就说过，人们关注美国的选举。我们的所作所为对世界其他地区非常重要。即使是那些在本国政治中习惯了狂欢气氛的国家，在美国选举问题上也希望看到冷静和清晰，因为他们明白，美国总统需要了解世界各地正在发生什么，需要制定不仅能带来我们的安全与繁荣、而且会影响其他所有人安全与繁荣的政策。
Our alliance with Japan and the Republic of Korea is one of the foundations, one of the cornerstones of our presence in the Asia Pacific region. It has underwritten the peace and prosperity of that region. It has been an enormous buoy to American commerce and America influence. And it has prevented the possibilities of a nuclear escalation and conflict between countries that, in the past and throughout history, have been engaged in hugely destructive conflicts and controversies. 我们与日本和大韩民国的同盟是我们在亚太地区存在的基础之一，是基石之一。它保障了该地区的和平与繁荣。它极大地促进了美国的商业和美国的影响力。它还防止了核升级的可能性以及国家间冲突的发生——这些国家在过去和整个历史上曾卷入过极具破坏性的冲突和争端。
So you don't mess with that. It is an investment that rests on the sacrifices that our men and women made back in World War II when they were fighting throughout the Pacific. It is because of their sacrifices and the wisdom that American foreign policymakers showed after World War II that we've been able to avoid catastrophe in those regions. And we don't want somebody in the Oval Office who doesn't recognize how important that is. 所以你不能乱来。这是一项建立在我们男女军人二战期间在太平洋各地战斗牺牲基础上的投资。正是因为他们的牺牲，以及二战后美国外交决策者展现出的智慧，我们才得以在这些地区避免灾难。我们不希望椭圆形办公室里坐着一个认识不到这一点重要性的人。
Andrew Beatty. 安德鲁·比蒂。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. Yesterday you met with President Erdogan of Turkey hours after some fairly ugly scenes at the Brookings Institution. I was wondering, do you consider him an authoritarian? 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。昨天您在布鲁金斯学会发生了一些相当恶劣的事件几小时后会见了土耳其总统埃尔多安。我想知道，您认为他是一个威权主义者吗？
President Obama: Turkey is a NATO ally. It is an extraordinarily important partner in our fight against ISIL. It is a country with whom we have a long and strategic relationship with. And President Erdogan is someone who I've dealt with since I came into office, and in a whole range of areas, we've had a productive partnership. 奥巴马总统：土耳其是北约盟友。它是我们打击ISIL斗争中极其重要的伙伴。我们与这个国家有着长期的战略关系。埃尔多安总统是我上任以来一直打交道的人，在很多领域我们都有着富有成效的合作。
What is also true, and I have expressed this to him directly, so it's no secret that there are some trends within Turkey that I've been troubled with. I am a strong believer in freedom of the press. I'm a strong believer in freedom of religion. I'm a strong believer in rule of law and democracy. And there is no doubt that President Erdogan has repeatedly been elected through a democratic process, but I think the approach that they've been taking towards the press is one that could lead Turkey down a path that would be very troubling. 同样事实是——而且我已经直接向他表达过，所以这不是秘密——土耳其国内的一些趋势令我感到不安。我是新闻自由的坚定信奉者。我是宗教自由的坚定信奉者。我是法治和民主的坚定信奉者。毫无疑问，埃尔多安总统是通过民主程序多次当选的，但我认为他们对新闻界采取的做法可能会将土耳其引上一条非常令人不安的道路。
And we are going to continue to advise them -- and I've said to President Erdogan, remind him that he came into office with a promise of democracy. And Turkey has historically been a country in which deep Islamic faith has lived side by side with modernity and an increasing openness. And that's the legacy that he should pursue, rather than a strategy that involves repression of information and shutting down democratic debate. 我们将继续向他们提出建议——我也对埃尔多安总统说过，提醒他他是带着民主的承诺上任的。从历史上看，土耳其一直是一个深厚的伊斯兰信仰与现代性和日益开放并存的国家。这才是他应该追求的遗产，而不是采取压制信息和关闭民主辩论的策略。
Having said that, I want to emphasize the degree to which their cooperation has been critical on a whole range of international and regional issues, and will continue to be. And so as is true with a lot of our friends and partners, we work with them, we cooperate with them. We are appreciative of their efforts. And there are going to be some differences. And where there are differences, we will say so. And that's what I've tried to do here. 话虽如此，我想强调的是，他们的合作在一系列广泛的国际和地区问题上一直至关重要，并将继续如此。因此，就像我们与许多朋友和伙伴的关系一样，我们与他们合作，与他们协作。我们感谢他们的努力。也会存在一些分歧。存在分歧的地方，我们会说出来。这就是我在这里努力做的。
I'll take one last question. This young lady right there. 我再回答最后一个问题。那位年轻女士，就是你。
Question: Thank you, President. Mr. President, what do you think -- 记者：谢谢您，总统。总统先生，您认为——
President Obama: Where are you from, by the way? 奥巴马总统：顺便问一下，你来自哪里？
Question: I am from Azerbaijan. How can Azerbaijan support in nuclear security issue? 记者：我来自阿塞拜疆。阿塞拜疆如何在核安全问题上提供支持？
President Obama: Well, Azerbaijan, like many countries that participated, have already taken a number of steps. And each country has put forward a national action plan. There are some countries that had stockpiles of highly enriched uranium that they agreed to get rid of. There are other countries that have civilian nuclear facilities but don't necessarily have the best security practices, and so they have adopted better security practices. 奥巴马总统：嗯，阿塞拜疆和许多参与国一样，已经采取了若干步骤。每个国家都提出了国家行动计划。有些国家拥有高浓缩铀库存，并同意予以清除。还有一些国家拥有民用核设施，但安全措施不一定最完善，因此它们采用了更好的安全做法。
There are countries that could potentially be transit points for the smuggling of nuclear materials, and so they've worked with us on border controls and detection. And because of Azerbaijan's location, it's a critical partner in this process. 有些国家可能成为核材料走私的过境点，因此它们在边境管制和探测方面与我们合作。由于阿塞拜疆的地理位置，它是这一进程中的关键伙伴。
I should point out, by the way, that although the focus of these summits has been on securing nuclear materials and making sure they don't fall into the hands of terrorists, the relationships, the information-sharing, the stitching together of domestic law enforcement, international law enforcement, intelligence, military agencies, both within countries and between countries -- this set of relationships internationally will be useful not just for nuclear material, but it is useful in preventing terrorism generally. It's useful in identifying threats of chemical weapons or biological weapons. 顺便我要指出，尽管这些峰会的重点一直是保护核材料并确保它们不会落入恐怖分子手中，但各国国内以及各国之间的关系、信息共享、国内执法与国际执法、情报机构、军事机构之间的紧密联结——这一整套国际关系网络不仅对核材料有用，对总体上防止恐怖主义也有用。它有助于识别化学武器或生物武器的威胁。
One of the clear messages coming out of this summit and our experiences over the last seven years is an increasing awareness that some of the most important threats that we face are transnational threats. 本次峰会和我们过去七年经验传递的明确信息之一，是人们日益认识到，我们面临的一些最重要的威胁是跨国威胁。
And so we are slowly developing a web of relationships around the world that allow us to match and keep up with the transnational organizations that all too often are involved in terrorist activity, criminal activity, human trafficking, a whole range of issues that can ultimately do our citizens harms. And seeing the strengthening of these institutions I think will be one of the most important legacies of this entire process. 因此，我们正在世界各地慢慢建立一张关系网，使我们能够跟上并应对那些常常参与恐怖活动、犯罪活动、人口贩运以及一系列最终会伤害我们公民的问题的跨国组织。我认为，看到这些机构得到加强，将是这整个进程最重要的遗产之一。
Mark Landler, since you had your hand up, I'll call on you. One last question. 马克·兰德勒，既然你举了手，我就请你提问。最后一个问题。
Question: Thank you, Mr. President. I wanted to ask a question about nuclear policy. Through these past seven years when you've pushed to rid the world of nuclear materials and fissile material, the U.S. nuclear industry has actually worked to improve miniaturization of warheads. 记者：谢谢您，总统先生。我想问一个关于核政策的问题。过去七年来，您一直在推动消除世界上的核材料和裂变材料，而美国核工业实际上一直在致力于改进弹头的小型化。
And while it has not developed new classes of cruise missiles or warheads, it's worked to improve the technology. And that's prompted some in China and Russia to say, well, gee, we need to keep up. Are you concerned that the technological advances in the United States have had the effect of sort of undermining some of the progress you've made on the prevention side? 虽然它没有开发新级别的巡航导弹或弹头，但它一直在改进技术。这促使中国和俄罗斯的一些人说，哎呀，我们也得跟上。您是否担心美国的技术进步已经在某种程度上破坏了您在防止核扩散方面取得的一些进展？
President Obama: I think it's a legitimate question, and I am concerned. Here's the balance that we've had to strike. We have a nuclear stockpile that we have to make sure is safe and make sure is reliable. 奥巴马总统：我认为这是一个合理的问题，我确实感到担忧。这就是我们必须取得的平衡。我们有一个核武库，我们必须确保其安全，确保其可靠。
And after the START II Treaty that we entered into with Russia, we have brought down significantly the number of weapons that are active. But we also have to make sure that they're up to date; that their command and control systems that might have been developed a while ago are up to snuff, given all the technology that has changed since that time. And we have to make sure that our deterrence continues to work. 在我们与俄罗斯签署《第二阶段削减战略武器条约》之后，我们大幅减少了现役武器的数量。但我们也必须确保它们是最新的；确保可能在很久以前开发的指挥控制系统在技术日新月异的今天仍然达标。我们必须确保我们的威慑力继续有效。
And so even as we've brought down the number of weapons that we have, I've wanted to make sure that what we do retain functions -- that it is not subject to a cyber intrusion; that there's sufficient confidence in the system that we don't create destabilizing activity. 因此，即使我们减少了武器数量，我也一直希望确保我们保留的武器能够正常运作——不会遭受网络入侵；确保对系统有足够的信心，以免我们造成破坏稳定的局面。
My preference would be to bring down further our nuclear arsenal. And after we completed START II, I approached the Russians -- our team approached the Russians in terms of looking at a next phase for arms reductions. Because Mr. Putin came into power, or returned to his office as President, and because of the vision that he's been pursuing of emphasizing military might over development inside of Russia and diversifying the economy, we have not seen the kind of progress that I would have hoped for with Russia. 我的意愿是进一步削减我们的核武库。在我们完成《第二阶段削减战略武器条约》后，我向俄罗斯方面提出——我们的团队向俄罗斯方面提出了下一阶段军备削减的问题。由于普京先生上台，或者说重返总统职位，以及他一直在追求的那种强调军事力量胜于俄罗斯国内发展和经济多元化的愿景，我们没有看到我所希望的与俄罗斯的那种进展。
The good news is that the possibilities of progress remain. We are abiding by START II. We're seeing implementation. And although we are not likely to see further reductions during my presidency, my hope is, is that we have built the mechanisms and systems of verification and so forth that will allow us to continue to reduce them in the future. 好消息是，取得进展的可能性依然存在。我们正在遵守《第二阶段削减战略武器条约》。我们正在看到实施进展。虽然在我的总统任期内我们不太可能看到进一步的削减，但我的希望是，我们已经建立了核查机制和系统等，使我们能够在未来继续削减。
We do have to guard against, in the interim, ramping up new and more deadly and more effective systems that end up leading to a whole new escalation of the arms race. And in our modernization plan, I've tried to strike the proper balance, making sure that the triad and our systems work properly, that they're effective, but also to make sure that we are leaving the door open to further reductions in the future. 在此期间，我们必须警惕不要升级新的、更致命、更有效的系统，以免最终导致新一轮的军备竞赛升级。在我们的现代化计划中，我努力取得适当的平衡，确保"三位一体"核力量和我们的系统正常运作、保持有效，同时也确保我们为未来的进一步削减敞开大门。
But one of the challenges that we're going to have here is that it is very difficult to see huge reductions in our nuclear arsenal unless the United States and Russia, as the two largest possessors of nuclear weapons, are prepared to lead the way. The other area where I think we'd need to see progress is Pakistan and India, that subcontinent, making sure that as they develop military doctrines, that they are not continually moving in the wrong direction. 但我们在这里面临的挑战之一是，除非美国和俄罗斯作为两个最大的核武器拥有国准备率先垂范，否则很难看到核武库的大幅削减。我认为我们需要看到进展的另一个领域是巴基斯坦和印度那个次大陆，确保随着它们发展军事学说，它们不会不断朝着错误的方向前进。
And we have to take a look at the Korean Peninsula, because the DPRK, North Korea, is in a whole different category and poses the most immediate set of concerns for all of us, one that we are working internationally to focus on. And that's one of the reasons why we had the trilateral meeting with Japan and Korea, and it was a major topic of discussion with President Xi, as well. 我们还必须关注朝鲜半岛，因为朝鲜民主主义人民共和国，也就是朝鲜，属于完全不同的类别，对我们所有人构成了最紧迫的一系列关切，我们正在国际层面致力于解决这一问题。这也是为什么我们与日本和韩国举行了三方会议，这也是与习近平主席讨论的一个主要议题。
Thank you very much, everybody. Have a good weekend. 非常感谢大家。祝周末愉快。
