Good evening. Erev Tov. 晚上好。艾瑞夫·托夫。
The Talmud teaches that if a person destroys one life, it is as if they've destroyed an entire world, and if a person saves one life, it is as if they've saved an entire world. 《塔木德》教导说，凡毁灭一个生命的，就如同毁灭了整个世界；凡拯救一个生命的，就如同拯救了整个世界。
What an extraordinary honor to be with you as we honor four Righteous individuals whose courage is measured in the lives they saved -- one child, one refugee, one comrade at a time -- and who, in so doing, helped save our world. 能与各位一同出席今天的仪式，表彰四位"国际义人"，我感到无比荣幸。他们的勇气以他们拯救的生命来衡量——一次拯救一个孩子、一个难民、一个战友——正因如此，他们帮助拯救了我们的世界。
I deliver a lot of speeches. Very rarely am I so humbled by the eloquence that has preceded me -- not just in words, but in the acts that we commemorate today. 我发表过很多演讲。但很少有像今天这样，让我在先于我发言的人们面前感到如此谦卑——不仅仅是因为他们的言辞，更是因为我们今天所缅怀的行动。
To my dear friend, Steven Spielberg, thanks for your moving and generous words. You spoke of the importance of finding your voice and using it for good, and I know that your work -- whether a masterpiece like Schindler's List or the stories that you have so persistently preserved through the Shoah Foundation -- is deeply personal. 亲爱的朋友史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格，感谢你感人而诚挚的致辞。你谈到了找到自己的声音并将其用于善举的重要性，而我知道，你的工作——无论是《辛德勒的名单》这样的杰作，还是你通过大屠杀基金会坚持不懈保存下来的故事——都饱含着深刻的个人情感。
Steven once said that the story of the Shoah is the story that he was born to tell, rooted in those childhood memories that he just gave you a taste of -- the relatives lost, the stories you heard from your family. And, Steven, the whole world is grateful that you found your voice, and for the good that you've done with that voice. It will endure for generations. And so, on behalf of all of us, we are grateful. 史蒂文曾说，大屠杀的故事是他命中注定要讲述的故事，根植于他刚才与大家分享的那些童年记忆——失去的亲人，从家人那里听到的故事。史蒂文，全世界都感激你找到了自己的声音，感激你用那个声音所做的善事。它将世代流传。因此，我代表我们所有人，向你表示感谢。
To Ambassador and Mrs. Dermer, to Nina Totenberg, our friends from the Israeli Embassy and Yad Vashem -- thank you so much for hosting us today. 感谢德默尔大使及夫人，感谢尼娜·托滕伯格，感谢来自以色列大使馆和以色列犹太大屠杀纪念馆的朋友们——非常感谢你们今天的接待。
Let me just add tonight that our thoughts are also with former Israeli President Shimon Peres. I had the opportunity to speak with Shimon earlier this week. I thanked him for his friendship, which has always meant so much to me, personally. And I thanked him, once again, for the shining example of his leadership. 今晚，我还想说，我们也心系以色列前总统西蒙·佩雷斯。本周早些时候，我有幸与西蒙通了话。我感谢他的友谊，这份友谊对我个人而言一直意义非凡。我再次感谢他树立了领导力的光辉榜样。
With his extraordinary life -- in the Haganah, and as a founding father of the State of Israel, a statesman who has never given up on peace, an embodiment of the great alliance between our two nations -- Shimon inspires us all. And this evening we speak for all of us -- Israelis, Americans, people around the world -- in wishing him a full and speedy recovery. 西蒙非凡的一生——在哈加纳组织中，作为以色列国的开国元勋，作为一位从未放弃和平的政治家，作为我们两国伟大联盟的化身——激励着我们所有人。今晚，我们代表所有人——以色列人、美国人、全世界的人民——祝愿他早日完全康复。
I also want to just note the presence of two of our outstanding senators from the great state of Tennessee. I know that it's rare where you have such a extraordinary native of the state being honored in this way, but I think it's also worth noting that this represents the bipartisan and steadfast support of members of Congress for the security and prosperity of the state of Israel. And they act on that every single day. 我还要感谢来自伟大的田纳西州的两位杰出参议员的出席。我知道，能有这样一位本州的杰出人士获此殊荣实属罕见，但我认为同样值得注意的是，这体现了国会议员对以色列安全与繁荣的两党一致、坚定不移的支持。而他们每天都在践行这一承诺。
To the survivors, families of the Righteous and those they saved, to all the distinguished guests: We gather to honor the newest of the Righteous Among the Nations and make real the call to "never forget," not just on this day of remembrance, but for all days and for all time. 幸存者们、义人的家属们以及被他们拯救的人们，各位尊贵的来宾：我们齐聚一堂，向最新一批"国际义人"致敬，将"永不忘记"的号召化为现实——不仅在这个纪念日，而是在每一天，直到永远。
And at moments like this, as I listened to the extraordinary stories of the four that we honor, memories come rushing back of the times that I've encountered the history and the horror of the Shoah -- growing up, hearing the stories of my great uncle who helped liberate Ohrdruf, part of Buchenwald, and who returned home so shaken by the suffering that he had seen that my grandmother would tell me he did not speak to anyone for six months, just went up in his attic, couldn't fully absorb the horror that he had witnessed. 在这样的时刻，当我聆听我们今天所表彰的四位义人的非凡事迹时，我与大屠杀历史和恐怖相遇的那些记忆便涌上心头——从小到大，我听着我的叔祖父的故事，他曾参与解放布痕瓦尔德集中营的奥尔德鲁夫分营，他回到家后，因目睹的苦难而深受震撼，祖母告诉我，他整整六个月没有和任何人说话，只是躲在阁楼上，无法完全承受他亲眼所见的恐怖。
Then having the opportunity to go to Buchenwald myself with my dear friend, Elie Wiesel, and seeing the ovens, the Little Camp where he was held as a boy. Standing with survivors in the Old Warsaw Ghetto. And then the extraordinary honor of walking through Yad Vashem with Rabbi Lau and seeing the faces and hearing the voices of the lost, of blessed memory. 后来，我有幸与亲爱的朋友埃利·维瑟尔一同前往布痕瓦尔德，亲眼看到了焚尸炉，以及他童年时被关押的小营区。我曾与幸存者们站在华沙老隔都。我还曾荣幸地与拉夫劳一同参观以色列犹太大屠杀纪念馆，看到了那些逝去者的面容，听到了他们的声音——愿他们的记忆得到祝福。
And then taking my own daughters to visit the Holocaust Museum -- because our children must know this chapter of our history, and that we must never repeat it. 后来我又带着自己的女儿们参观大屠杀纪念馆——因为我们的孩子必须了解我们历史的这一章，必须知道我们绝不能让历史重演。
The four lives we honor tonight make a claim on our conscience, as well as our moral imagination. We hear their stories, and we are forced to ask ourselves, under the same circumstances, how would we act? How would we answer God's question, where are you? Would we show the love of Walery and Maryla Zbijewski? There, in Warsaw, they could have been shot for opening their home to a five-year-old girl. Yet they cared for her like one of their own, gave her safety and shelter and moments of warmth, of family and music -- a shield from the madness outside until her mother could return. 我们今晚所缅怀的四条生命，叩问着我们的良知，也拓展着我们的道德想象力。听到他们的故事，我们不禁自问，在同样的处境下，我们会如何行动？我们会如何回答上帝的问题：你在哪里？我们会展现出瓦莱里和玛丽拉·兹比耶夫斯基那样的爱吗？在华沙，他们因为给一个五岁女孩提供庇护而可能被枪毙。然而他们像对待自己的孩子一样照顾她，给了她安全、庇护，以及温暖、家庭和音乐的时光——在她的母亲回来之前，为她抵御了外界的疯狂。
Would we have the extraordinary compassion of Lois Gunden? She wrote that she simply hoped to "add just another ray of love to the lives of these youngsters" who had already endured so much. And by housing and feeding as many Jewish children as she could, her ray of love always shone through, and still burns within the families of those she saved. 我们会拥有洛伊丝·冈登那样非凡的同情心吗？她曾写道，她只是希望"为这些已经承受了太多苦难的孩子们的生活再增添一缕爱"。通过为尽可能多的犹太儿童提供食宿，她的爱之光始终闪耀，至今仍在她所拯救的人们的家庭中燃烧。
Would we have the courage of Master Sergeant Roddie Edmonds? I know your dad said he was just doing his job, but he went above and beyond the call of duty, and so did all those who joined in that line. Faced with a choice of giving up his fellow soldiers or saving his own life, Roddie looked evil in the eye and dared a Nazi to shoot. His moral compass never wavered. He was true to his faith, and he saved some 200 Jewish American soldiers as a consequence. 我们会拥有罗迪·埃德蒙兹军士长那样的勇气吗？我知道你们的父亲说他只是在尽自己的职责，但他远远超越了职责的要求，所有站到那一排的人也是如此。面对要么交出战友、要么保全自己性命的选择，罗迪直视邪恶的双眼，敢让纳粹开枪。他的道德准则从未动摇。他忠于自己的信仰，并因此拯救了约200名犹太裔美国士兵。
It's an instructive lesson, by the way, for those of us Christians. I cannot imagine a greater expression of Christianity than to say, I, too, am a Jew. 顺便说一句，对于我们基督徒来说，这是一个富有教益的教训。我无法想象还有什么比说"我也是犹太人"更能体现基督教精神的表达了。
And I ask these questions because, even as the Holocaust is unique, a crime without parallel in history, the seeds of hate that gave rise to the Shoah -- the ignorance that conspires with arrogance, the indifference that betrays compassion -- those seeds have always been with us. They have found root across cultures, and across faiths, and across generations. 我提出这些问题，是因为尽管大屠杀是独一无二的，是历史上无可比拟的罪行，但催生大屠杀的仇恨种子——与傲慢合谋的无知，背叛同情的冷漠——这些种子一直与我们同在。它们在不同文化、不同信仰、不同世代中生根发芽。
The Ambassador mentioned the story of Cain and Abel. It's deep within us. Too often, especially in times of change, especially in times of anxiety and uncertainty, we are too willing to give into a base desire to find someone else -- someone different -- to blame for our struggles. 大使提到了该隐与亚伯的故事。这深植于我们的本性之中。太多时候，尤其是在变革时期，在焦虑和不确定的时刻，我们太容易屈服于一种卑劣的欲望，去寻找另一个人——一个与我们不同的人——来为我们的困境负责。
Here, tonight, we must confront the reality that around the world, anti-Semitism is on the rise. We cannot deny it. When we see some Jews leaving major European cities -- where their families have lived for generations -- because they no longer feel safe; when Jewish centers are targeted from Mumbai to Overland Park, Kansas; when swastikas appear on college campuses -- when we see all that and more, we must not be silent. 今晚，在这里，我们必须面对这样一个现实：在世界各地，反犹主义正在抬头。我们不能否认。当我们看到一些犹太人因为不再感到安全而离开他们家族世代居住的欧洲主要城市时；当从孟买到堪萨斯州欧弗兰帕克的犹太中心都成为袭击目标时；当大学校园里出现卐字标志时——当我们看到这一切以及更多的事情时，我们绝不能保持沉默。
An attack on any faith is an attack on all of our faiths. It is an attack on that Golden Rule at the heart of so many faiths -- that we ought to do unto others as we would have done to us. For Americans, in particular, we should understand that it's an attack on our diversity, on the very idea that people of different backgrounds can live together and thrive together. 对任何信仰的攻击都是对我们所有人信仰的攻击。这是对众多信仰核心的黄金法则的攻击——即己所不欲，勿施于人。尤其对美国人而言，我们应该明白，这是对我们多元化的攻击，是对不同背景的人能够共同生活、共同繁荣这一理念本身的攻击。
Which is why -- your father was right -- we are all Jews. Because anti-Semitism is a distillation, an expression of an evil that runs through so much of human history, and if we do not answer that, we do not answer any other form of evil. When any Jew anywhere is targeted just for being Jewish, we all have to respond as Roddie Edmonds did -- "We are all Jews." 正因如此——你们的父亲是对的——我们都是犹太人。因为反犹主义是贯穿人类历史的邪恶的一种提炼和表达，如果我们不回应这种邪恶，我们就无法回应任何其他形式的邪恶。当任何地方的犹太人仅仅因为是犹太人而成为目标时，我们所有人都必须像罗迪·埃德蒙兹那样回应——"我们都是犹太人。"
We know that we'll never be able to wipe out hatred from every single mind. We won't entirely erase the scourge of anti-Semitism. But like the Righteous, we must do everything we can. All of us have a responsibility. 我们知道，我们永远无法从每个人的心中根除仇恨。我们无法完全消除反犹主义的祸害。但正如那些义人一样，我们必须尽我们所能。我们所有人都有责任。
Certainly government has a responsibility. As President, I've made sure that the United States is leading the global fight against anti-Semitism. And it's why, with Israel and countries around the world, we organized the first United Nations General Assembly meeting on anti-Semitism. It's why we've urged other nations to dedicate a special envoy to this threat, as we have. 政府当然有责任。作为总统，我确保美国在全球反犹主义斗争中发挥领导作用。正因如此，我们与以色列和世界各国一道，组织了第一次联合国大会反犹主义专题会议。正因如此，我们敦促其他国家像我们一样，任命专门特使应对这一威胁。
It's why, when a statue of an anti-Semitic leader from World War II was planned in Hungary, we led the charge to convince their government to reverse course. This was not a side note to our relations with Hungary, this was central to maintaining a good relationship with the United States, and we let them know. 正因如此，当匈牙利计划为二战时期的一名反犹领导人竖立雕像时，我们带头说服他们的政府改变了决定。这不是我们与匈牙利关系中的一个次要问题，这对维持与美国的良好关系至关重要，我们也让他们知道了这一点。
It's why, when voices around the world veer from criticism of a particular Israeli policy to an unjust denial of Israel's right to exist, when Israel faces terrorism, we stand up forcefully and proudly in defense of our ally, in defense of our friend, in defense of the Jewish State of Israel. America's commitment to Israel's security remains, now and forever, unshakeable. And I've said this before -- it would be a fundamental moral failing if America broke that bond. 正因如此，当世界各地的声音从批评以色列的某项政策转向不公正地否认以色列的生存权时，当以色列面临恐怖主义时，我们坚定而自豪地站出来捍卫我们的盟友，捍卫我们的朋友，捍卫犹太国家以色列。美国对以色列安全的承诺，现在和永远，都是不可动摇的。我以前也说过——如果美国打破这一纽带，那将是一种根本性的道德失败。
All nations that prize diversity and tolerance and pluralism must speak out whenever and wherever Jews and other religious minorities are attacked. In recent years, we've seen leaders in France, Germany, and Great Britain stand strongly against anti-Semitism. In Israel, President Rivlin has spoken eloquently about the need for tolerance and acceptance among all Israelis -- Jewish and Arab. 所有珍视多样性、宽容和多元主义的国家，都必须在犹太人和其他宗教少数派受到攻击时，随时随地站出来发声。近年来，我们看到法国、德国和英国的领导人强烈反对反犹主义。在以色列，里夫林总统雄辩地谈到了所有以色列人——犹太人和阿拉伯人——之间需要宽容与接纳。
Meanwhile, governments have an obligation to care for the survivors of the Shoah -- because no one who endured that horror should have to scrape by in their golden years. So, with our White House initiative, we're working to improve care for Holocaust survivors in need here in the United States. And with the compensation fund we helped create, claims are finally being paid that even more Jews deported from France during the Holocaust, including survivors here in America, can benefit from. 与此同时，各国有义务照顾大屠杀的幸存者——因为任何经历过那种恐怖的人都不应在晚年艰难度日。因此，通过我们的白宫倡议，我们正在努力改善美国境内有需要的大屠杀幸存者的护理。通过我们协助设立的赔偿基金，索赔终于得到了支付，更多在大屠杀期间被驱逐出法国的犹太人，包括在美国的幸存者，都能从中受益。
But the task before us does not fall on government alone. Every faith community has a responsibility. Just as all religions speak out against those who try to twist their faith to justify terrorism and violence, just as all faiths need to speak out when interpretations of their religion veer in an ugly direction, so, too, must they speak out against those who use their faith to justify bias against Jews, or people of any faith. 但摆在我们面前的任务不能仅靠政府来完成。每一个信仰团体都有责任。正如所有宗教都要发声反对那些试图扭曲其信仰来为恐怖主义和暴力辩护的人，正如所有信仰都要在其宗教的解释向丑恶方向偏离时发声，同样，它们也必须发声反对那些利用自己的信仰来为对犹太人或任何信仰的人的偏见辩护的人。
We know that there were Muslims -- from Albanians to Arabs -- who protected Jews from Nazis. In Morocco, leaders from Muslim-majority countries around the world just held a summit on protecting religious minorities, including Jews and Christians. His Holiness Pope Francis has spoken forcefully against anti-Semitism, saying, "Every human being, as a creature of God, is our brother, regardless of his origins or religious beliefs." These are the voices we must heed. And anyone who claims to be a religious leader must project that vision, that truth. 我们知道，曾有穆斯林——从阿尔巴尼亚人到阿拉伯人——保护犹太人免受纳粹迫害。在摩洛哥，来自世界各地穆斯林占多数国家的领导人刚刚举行了一次峰会，讨论保护包括犹太人和基督徒在内的宗教少数派的问题。教宗方济各陛下有力地发声反对反犹主义，他说："每一个人，作为上帝的造物，都是我们的兄弟，无论其出身或宗教信仰如何。"这些是我们必须倾听的声音。任何声称自己是宗教领袖的人都必须传递这样的愿景，这样的真理。
And finally, all of us have a responsibility to speak out, and to teach what's right to our children, and to examine our own hearts. That's the lesson of the Righteous we honor today -- the lesson of the Holocaust itself: Where are you? Who are you? That's the question that the Holocaust poses to us. We have to consider even in moments of peril, even when we might fear for our own lives, the fact that none of us are powerless. We always have a choice. 最后，我们所有人都有责任发声，教导我们的孩子什么是正确的，审视我们自己的内心。这就是我们今天所表彰的义人们留给我们的教训——也是大屠杀本身的教训：你在哪里？你是谁？这是大屠杀向我们提出的问题。我们必须认识到，即使在危险的时刻，即使我们可能担心自己的生命，我们中没有人是无能为力的。我们永远有选择的余地。
And today, for most of us, standing up against intolerance doesn't require the same risks that those we honor today took. It doesn't require imprisonment or that we face down the barrel of a gun. It does require us to speak out. It does require us to stand firm. We know that evil can flourish if we stand idly by. 而今天，对我们大多数人来说，挺身而出反对不宽容并不需要像我们今天所表彰的人们那样承担同样的风险。它不需要我们面对牢狱之灾，也不需要我们直面枪口。但它确实需要我们发声。它确实需要我们坚定立场。我们知道，如果我们袖手旁观，邪恶就会滋长。
And so we're called to live in a way that shows that we've actually learned from our past. And that means rejecting indifference. It means cultivating a habit of empathy, and recognizing ourselves in one another; to make common cause with the outsider, the minority, whether that minority is Christian or Jew, whether it is Hindu or Muslim, or a nonbeliever; whether that minority is native born or immigrant; whether they're Israeli or Palestinian. 因此，我们被召唤以一种表明我们真正从过去吸取了教训的方式生活。这意味着拒绝冷漠。这意味着培养共情的习惯，在彼此身上看到自己；与局外人、少数群体站在一起——无论那个少数群体是基督徒还是犹太人，是印度教徒还是穆斯林，或是无信仰者；无论那个少数群体是本土出生的还是移民；无论他们是以色列人还是巴勒斯坦人。
It means taking a stand against bigotry in all its forms, and rejecting our darkest impulses and guarding against tribalism as the only value in our communities and in our politics. It means heeding the lesson repeated so often in the Torah: To welcome the stranger, for we were once strangers, too. That's how we never forget -- not simply by keeping the lessons of the Shoah in our memories, but by living them in our actions. As the book of Deuteronomy teaches us, "Tzedek, Tzedek tirdof" -- "Justice, Justice you shall pursue." 这意味着反对一切形式的偏见，拒绝我们最黑暗的冲动，警惕部落主义成为我们社区和政治中唯一的价值。这意味着谨记《托拉》中反复强调的教训：要欢迎陌生人，因为我们也曾是陌生人。这就是我们"永不忘记"的方式——不仅仅是将大屠杀的教训铭记于心，更要在行动中践行。正如《申命记》所教导我们的："正义，正义，你应当追寻。"
I want to close with what I'm told is a Jewish legend. It's said that within every generation there are 36 virtuous individuals -- individuals so honorable, so filled with compassion, that their good works sustain the very existence of the world. They are called Lamed Vovniks, and without them, society crumbles, according to the legend. We don't know who they are. They're entirely indistinguishable, ordinary people -- like Walery and Maryla and Lois and Roddie. You wouldn't necessarily recognize them in a crowd. 最后，我想用一个犹太传说来结束我的讲话。据说，每一代人中都有三十六位正直之士——他们如此高尚，如此充满同情心，以至于他们的善举维系着世界的存在。根据这个传说，他们被称为"拉梅德·武夫尼克"，没有他们，社会就会崩塌。我们不知道他们是谁。他们完全是泯然众人的普通人——就像瓦莱里、玛丽拉、洛伊丝和罗迪一样。你在人群中未必能认出他们。
But I believe that their generation -- the generation of Schindler and Wallenberg and Karski -- demanded a lot more than 36. It called for more than 26,000 Righteous Among the Nations. It called for the millions of heroes who did not go quietly and who stood up and fought back. 但我相信，他们那一代人——辛德勒、瓦伦贝格和卡尔斯基那一代人——需要的远不止三十六位。需要的是两万六千多位"国际义人"。需要的是数百万没有默默屈服、而是挺身而出奋起反抗的英雄们。
And may we all strive to live up to their noble example, to be the Lamed Vovniks of our generation, to do our part to sustain each other and to embrace the humanity that we share, and in so doing, save our world. May the memory of the lost be a blessing. And as nations and individuals, may we always strive be among the Righteous. 愿我们都努力追随他们崇高的榜样，成为我们这一代的"三十六义人"，尽自己的一份力量相互扶持，拥抱我们共同的人性，并借此拯救我们的世界。愿逝者的记忆成为祝福。作为国家和个人，愿我们永远努力跻身义人之列。
God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你们。
God bless the United States of America. 愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
And God bless the State of Israel. 愿上帝保佑以色列国。
