Mr. Chancellor, Mr. Vice Chancellor, Professor Robertson, Mr. Diamond, Mr. Daniel, and Ladies and Gentlemen: 校长先生、副校长先生、罗伯逊教授、戴蒙德先生、丹尼尔先生，以及各位女士们、先生们：
I come here this evening because of my deep interest and affection for a land settled by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century, then taken over by the British, and at last independent; a land in which the native inhabitants were at first subdued, but relations with whom remain a problem to this day; a land which defined itself on a hostile frontier. 我今晚来到这里，是因为我对一片土地怀有深切的兴趣和感情——这片土地在十七世纪中叶由荷兰人定居，后来被英国人接管，最终获得独立；这片土地上的原住民最初被征服，但至今与他们的关系仍然是一个问题；这片土地在充满敌意的边境上定义了自己。
A land which has tamed rich natural resources through the energetic application of modern technology; a land which once the importer of slaves, and now must struggle to wipe out the last traces of that former bondage. I refer, of course, to the United States of America. 这片土地通过现代技术的积极应用驯服了丰富的自然资源；这片土地曾经是奴隶的进口国，如今必须努力消除那段奴役历史的最后痕迹。当然，我指的是美利坚合众国。
But I am glad to come here -- and my wife and I and all of our party are glad to come here to South Africa, and we're glad to come to Cape Town. I am already greatly enjoying my stay and my visit here. I am making an effort to meet and exchange views with people of all walks of life, and all segments of South African opinion, including those who represent the views of the government. 但我很高兴来到这里——我和我的妻子以及我们全体随行人员都很高兴来到南非，很高兴来到开普敦。我已经非常享受在这里的停留和访问。我正在努力与各行各业的人们见面并交换意见，包括代表政府观点的人士在内的南非各个阶层的意见。
Today I am glad to meet with the National Union of South African Students. For a decade, NUSAS has stood and worked for the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- principles which embody the collective hopes of men of good will all around the globe. Your work at home and in international student affairs has brought great credit to yourselves and to your country. I know the National Student Association in the United States feels a particularly close relationship with this organization. 今天我很高兴能与南非全国学生联合会（NUSAS）会面。十年来，NUSAS一直坚持并致力于《世界人权宣言》的原则——这些原则体现了全球所有善良人士的共同希望。你们在国内和国际学生事务中的工作为你们自己和你们的国家带来了巨大的荣誉。我知道美国的全国学生协会与这个组织有着特别密切的关系。
And I wish to thank especially Mr. Ian Robertson, who first extended the invitation on behalf of NUSAS. I wish to thank him for his kindness to me in inviting me. I am very sorry that he can not be with us here this evening. I was happy to have had the opportunity to meet and speak with him earlier this evening. And I presented him with a copy of Profiles in Courage which was a book that was written by President John Kennedy and was signed to him by President Kennedy's widow, Mrs. John Kennedy. 我特别要感谢伊恩·罗伯逊先生，他代表NUSAS首先发出了邀请。我感谢他邀请我的善意。我非常遗憾他今晚不能和我们在一起。我很高兴今晚早些时候有机会与他见面并交谈。我向他赠送了一本《勇敢者的画像》，这本书是肯尼迪总统撰写的，并由肯尼迪总统的遗孀肯尼迪夫人签名赠送给他。
This is a Day of Affirmation, a celebration of liberty. We stand here in the name of freedom. At the heart of that Western freedom and democracy is the belief that the individual man, the child of God, is the touchstone of value, and all society, all groups and states exist for that person's benefit. Therefore, the enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and the abiding practice of any Western society. 今天是自由宣誓日，是自由的庆典。我们以自由的名义站在这里。西方自由和民主的核心信念是，个体的人——上帝的孩子——是价值的试金石，所有社会、所有群体和国家的存在都是为了这个人的利益。因此，扩大个体人类的自由必须是任何西方社会的最高目标和永恒实践。
The first element of this individual liberty is the freedom of speech: the right to express and communicate ideas, to set oneself apart from the dumb beasts of field and forest; the right to recall governments to their duties and to their obligations. Above all, the right to affirm one's membership and allegiance to the body politic -- to society -- to the men with whom we share our land, our heritage, and our children's future. 这种个体自由的第一个要素是言论自由：表达和交流思想的权利，将自己与田野和森林中的野兽区分开来的权利；提醒政府履行职责和义务的权利。最重要的是，确认自己作为公民的身份和对国家——对社会——对与我们共享土地、遗产和子女未来的人们的忠诚的权利。
Hand in hand with freedom of speech goes the power to be heard, to share in the decisions of government which shape men's lives. Everything that makes man's life worthwhile -- family, work, education, a place to rear one's children and a place to rest one's head -- all this depends on the decisions of government; all can be swept away by a government which does not heed the demands of its people, and I mean all of its people. 与言论自由密不可分的是被倾听的权利，是参与决定人们生活的政府决策的权利。一切使人类生活有价值的东西——家庭、工作、教育、养育子女的地方和安息的地方——所有这一切都取决于政府的决定；所有这一切都可能被一个不听从人民——我指的是所有人民——诉求的政府一扫而空。
Therefore, the essential humanity of man can be protected and preserved only where government must answer -- not just to the wealthy, not just to those of a particular religion, not just to those of a particular race, but to all of the people. 因此，只有在政府必须对所有人负责——不仅是富人，不仅是特定宗教的人，不仅是特定种族的人，而是所有人民——的地方，人类的基本人性才能得到保护和维护。
And even government by the consent of the governed, as in our own Constitution, must be limited in its power to act against its people, so that there may be no interference with the right to worship, but also no interference with the security of the home. No arbitrary imposition of pains or penalties on an ordinary citizen by officials high or low; no restriction on the freedom of men to seek education, or to seek work or opportunity of any kind, so that each man may become all that he is capable of becoming. 即使是像我们宪法所规定的那样，基于被统治者同意的政府，也必须限制其对人民采取行动的权力，以便既不干涉宗教信仰自由，也不干涉家庭安全。不对普通公民任意施加痛苦或惩罚，无论官员职位高低；不限制人们寻求教育、工作或任何机会的自由，使每个人都能充分发挥自己的能力。
These -- These are the sacred rights of Western society. These were the essential differences between us and Nazi Germany, as they were between Athens and Persia. 这些——这些是西方社会神圣的权利。这些是我们与纳粹德国之间的本质区别，正如它们曾经是雅典与波斯之间的区别一样。
They are the essence of our differences with communism today. I am unalterably opposed to communism because it exalts the State over the individual and over the family; and because its system contains a lack of freedom of speech, of protest, of religion, and of the press, which is characteristic of a totalitarian regime. 它们也是我们今天与共产主义的本质区别。我坚定不移地反对共产主义，因为它将国家置于个人和家庭之上；因为它的制度缺乏言论、抗议、宗教和新闻自由，这是极权政权的特征。
The way of opposition to communism, however, is not to imitate its dictatorship, but to enlarge individual human freedoms. There are those in every land who would label as Communist every threat to their privilege. But may I say to you as I have seen on my travels in all sections of the world, reform is not communism. And the denial of freedom, in whatever name, only strengthens the very communism it claims to oppose. 然而，反对共产主义的方式不是模仿其独裁统治，而是扩大个体人类的自由。在每个国家都有一些人会将任何威胁到他们特权的事物贴上共产主义的标签。但我可以像我在世界所有地区旅行时所看到的那样告诉你们，改革不是共产主义。以任何名义剥夺自由，只会加强它声称要反对的共产主义。
Many nations have set forth their own definitions and declarations of these principles. And there have often been wide and tragic gaps between promise and performance, ideal and reality. Yet the great ideals have constantly recalled us to our own duties. And with painful slowness, we in the United States have extended and enlarged the meaning and the practice of freedom to all of our people. 许多国家都提出了自己对这些原则的定义和宣言。在承诺与实践、理想与现实之间，往往存在着广泛而悲惨的差距。然而，伟大的理想不断提醒我们履行自己的职责。我们美国人民以痛苦缓慢的方式，将自由的意义和实践扩展和扩大到了我们所有人民。
For two centuries, my own country has struggled to overcome the self-imposed handicap of prejudice and discrimination based on nationality, on social class or race -- discrimination profoundly repugnant to the theory and to the command of our Constitution. Even as my father grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, signs told him: "No Irish Need Apply." 两个世纪以来，我自己的国家一直在努力克服基于国籍、社会阶层或种族的偏见和歧视这一自我强加的障碍——这种歧视与我们宪法的理论和命令严重相悖。就在我的父亲在马萨诸塞州波士顿长大时，招牌上写着："爱尔兰人无需申请。"
Two generations later President Kennedy became the first Irish Catholic, and the first Catholic, to head the nation; but how many men of ability had, before 1961, been denied the opportunity to contribute to the nation's progress because they were Catholic or because they were of Irish extraction? How many sons of Italian or Jewish or Polish parents slumbered in the slums -- untaught, unlearned, their potential lost forever to our nation and to the human race? Even today, what price will we pay before we have assured full opportunity to millions of Negro Americans? 两代人之后，肯尼迪总统成为第一位爱尔兰天主教徒，也是第一位天主教徒，领导这个国家；但在1961年之前，有多少有才华的人因为是天主教徒或爱尔兰血统而被剥夺了为国家进步做出贡献的机会？有多少意大利、犹太或波兰父母的儿子在贫民窟中沉睡——未受教育、无知，他们的潜力永远失去，对我们国家和人类都是损失？即使在今天，在我们确保数百万美国黑人获得充分机会之前，我们还要付出什么代价？
In the last five years we have done more to assure equality to our Negro citizens, and to help the deprived both white and black, than in the hundred years before that time. But much, much more remains to be done. 在过去五年里，我们为确保黑人公民的平等权利，帮助贫困的白人和黑人所做的工作，超过了此前一百年的总和。但还有很多很多工作要做。
For there are millions of Negroes untrained for the simplest of jobs, and thousands every day denied their full and equal rights under the law; and the violence of the disinherited, the insulted, the injured, looms over the streets of Harlem and of Watts and of the South Side of Chicago. 因为有数百万黑人没有接受过最简单工作的培训，每天有成千上万的人被剥夺了法律规定的充分和平等权利；被剥夺者、受侮辱者、受伤害者的暴力，笼罩着哈莱姆、沃茨和芝加哥南区的街道。
But a Negro American trains now as an astronaut, one of mankind's first explorers into outer space; another is the chief barrister of the United States government, and dozens sit on the benches of our court. And another, Dr. Martin Luther King, is the second man of African descent to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent efforts for social justice between all of the races. 但现在有一位美国黑人接受宇航员训练，成为人类首批探索外太空的探险家之一；另一位担任美国政府的首席律师，数十人坐在我们法院的法官席上。还有一位，马丁·路德·金博士，是第二位非洲裔诺贝尔和平奖获得者，以其在所有种族之间实现社会正义的非暴力努力而获奖。
We have passed laws prohibiting -- We have passed laws prohibiting discrimination in education, in employment, in housing, but these laws alone cannot overcome the heritage of centuries -- of broken families and stunted children, and poverty and degradation and pain. 我们已经通过法律禁止——我们已经通过法律禁止在教育、就业、住房方面的歧视，但这些法律本身无法克服几个世纪的遗产——破碎的家庭和发育不良的儿童，以及贫困、堕落和痛苦。
So the road toward equality of freedom is not easy, and great cost and danger march alongside all of us. We are committed to peaceful and nonviolent change, and that is important to all to understand -- though change is unsettling. Still, even in the turbulence of protest and struggle is greater hope for the future, as men learn to claim and achieve for themselves the rights formerly petitioned from others. 因此，走向自由平等的道路并不容易，巨大的代价和危险伴随着我们所有人。我们致力于和平和非暴力的变革，这一点对所有人都很重要——尽管变革令人不安。然而，即使在抗议和斗争的动荡中，也有对未来更大的希望，因为人们学会了为自己争取和实现以前需要向他人请愿的权利。
And most important of all, all of the panoply of government power has been committed to the goal of equality before the law, as we are now committing ourselves to the achievement of equal of opportunity in fact. We must recognize the full human equality of all of our people before God, before the law, and in the councils of government. 最重要的是，政府的全部权力都已致力于法律面前人人平等的目标，正如我们现在致力于事实上的机会均等一样。我们必须承认我们所有人民在上帝面前、在法律面前和在政府议会中的完全人类平等。
We must do this, not because it is economically advantageous, although it is; not because the laws of God command it, although they do; not because people in other lands wish it so. We must do it for the single and fundamental reason that it is the right thing to do. 我们必须这样做，不是因为这在经济上有利，尽管确实如此；不是因为上帝的法则命令我们这样做，尽管确实如此；不是因为其他国家希望我们这样做。我们必须这样做，唯一根本的原因是这是正确的事情。
We recognize that there are problems and obstacles before the fulfillment of these ideals in the United States, as we recognize that other nations, in Latin America and in Asia and in Africa, have their own political, economic, and social problems, their unique barriers to the elimination of injustices. 我们认识到，在美国实现这些理想之前存在问题和障碍，正如我们认识到其他国家——在拉丁美洲、亚洲和非洲——有自己的政治、经济和社会问题，有消除不公正的独特障碍。
In some, there is concern that change will submerge the rights of a minority, particularly where that minority is of a different race than that of the majority. We in the United States believe in the protection of minorities; we recognize the contributions that they can make and the leadership that they can provide. 在一些国家，人们担心变革会淹没少数群体的权利，特别是在少数群体与多数群体种族不同的情况下。我们美国相信保护少数群体；我们认识到他们可以做出的贡献和提供的领导。
And we do not believe that any people -- whether majority or minority, or individual human beings -- are "expendable" in the cause of theory or of policy. We recognize also that justice between men and nations is imperfect, and that humanity sometimes progresses very slowly indeed. 我们不认为任何民族——无论是多数还是少数，还是个人——在理论或政策的事业中是"可牺牲的"。我们也认识到，人与人之间、国与国之间的正义是不完美的，人类有时确实进步非常缓慢。
All do not develop in the same manner and at the same pace. Nations, like men, often march to the beat of different drummers, and the precise solutions of the United States can neither be dictated nor transplanted to others -- and that is not our intention. 并非所有国家都以相同的方式和相同的速度发展。国家就像人一样，常常随着不同的鼓声前进，美国的确切解决方案既不能强加也不能移植到其他国家——这也不是我们的意图。
What is important, however, is that all nations must march toward increasing freedom, toward justice for all, toward a society strong and flexible enough to meet the demands of all of its people, whatever their race, and the demands that the world of immense and dizzying change that face us all. 然而，重要的是，所有国家都必须朝着更大的自由、所有人的正义、一个足够强大和灵活的社会前进，以满足其所有人民——无论种族——的需求，以及我们所有人面临的巨大而令人眼花缭乱的变革世界的需求。
In a few hours, the plane that brought me to this country crossed over oceans and countries which have been a crucible of human history. In minutes we traced migrations of men over thousands of years; seconds, the briefest glimpse, and we passed battlefields on which millions of men once struggled and died. 在几个小时内，带我来到这个国家的飞机飞越了曾经是人类历史熔炉的海洋和国家。几分钟内，我们追溯了人类数千年的迁徙；几秒钟内，短暂的一瞥，我们经过了数百万人曾经奋斗和牺牲的战场。
We could see no national boundaries, no vast gulfs or high walls dividing people from people; only nature and the works of man -- homes and factories and farms -- everywhere reflecting Man's common effort to enrich his life. Everywhere new technology and communications brings men and nations closer together, the concerns of one inevitably become the concerns of all. 我们看不到国界，看不到分隔人与人的巨大鸿沟或高墙；只有自然和人类的杰作——家园、工厂和农场——处处反映着人类共同努力丰富生活的景象。新技术和通讯无处不在地将人们和国家联系得更加紧密，一个人的关切不可避免地成为所有人的关切。
And our new closeness is stripping away the false masks, the illusion of differences which is the root of injustice and of hate and of war. Only earthbound man still clings to the dark and poisoning superstition that his world is bounded by the nearest hill, his universe ends at river shore, his common humanity is enclosed in the tight circle of those who share his town or his views and the color of his skin. 我们之间新的亲密关系正在剥去虚假的面具，剥去作为不公正、仇恨和战争根源的差异幻觉。只有受限于地球的人类仍然执着于黑暗而有害的迷信，认为他的世界以最近的山丘为界，他的宇宙止于河岸，他共同的人性被封闭在与他共享城镇、观点和肤色的人的狭小圈子里。
It is -- It is your job, the task of young people in this world, to strip the last remnants of that ancient, cruel belief from the civilization of man. 这是——这是你们的工作，是这个世界上年轻人的任务，从人类文明中清除这种古老、残酷信念的最后残余。
Each nation has different obstacles and different goals, shaped by the vagaries of history and of experience. Yet as I talk to young people around the world, I am impressed not by the diversity but by the closeness of their goals, their desires and their concerns and their hope for the future. 每个国家都有不同的障碍和不同的目标，由历史和经验的变幻所塑造。然而，当我与世界各地的年轻人交谈时，给我留下深刻印象的不是他们的多样性，而是他们的目标、愿望、关切和对未来的希望的紧密联系。
There is discrimination in New York, the racial inequality of apartheid in South Africa, and serfdom in the mountains of Peru. People starve to death in the streets of India; a former Prime Minister is summarily executed in the Congo; intellectuals go to jail in Russia, and thousands are slaughtered in Indonesia; wealth is lavished on armaments everywhere in the world. 纽约存在歧视，南非有种族隔离的不平等，秘鲁山区有农奴制。印度街头有人饿死；刚果一位前总理被即决处决；俄罗斯知识分子入狱，印度尼西亚数千人被屠杀；世界各地的财富都被挥霍在军备上。
These are different evils, but they are the common works of man. They reflect the imperfections of human justice, the inadequacy of human compassion, the defectiveness of our sensibility toward the sufferings of our fellows; they mark the limit of our ability to use knowledge for the well-being of our fellow human beings throughout the world. 这些是不同的罪恶，但它们都是人类共同的作品。它们反映了人类正义的不完善，人类同情心的不足，我们对同胞苦难的敏感性的缺陷；它们标志着我们利用知识为世界各地同胞福祉服务的能力的极限。
And therefore they call upon common qualities of conscience and indignation, a shared determination to wipe away the unnecessary sufferings of our fellow human beings at home and around the world. 因此，它们呼吁共同的良知和愤慨品质，呼吁共同决心消除我们国内外同胞不必要的苦难。
It is these qualities which make of our youth today the only true international community. More than this, I think that we could agree on what kind of a world we would all want to build. It would be a world of independent nations, moving toward international community, each of which protected and respected the basic human freedoms. 正是这些品质使我们今天的青年成为唯一真正的国际共同体。除此之外，我认为我们可以就我们都希望建设的那种世界达成一致。那将是一个由独立国家组成的世界，迈向国际共同体，每个国家都保护和尊重基本人权。
It would be a world which demanded of each government that it accept its responsibility to insure social justice. It would be a world of constantly accelerating economic progress -- not material welfare as an end in and of itself, but as a means to liberate the capacity of every human being to pursue his talents and to pursue his hopes. It would, in short, be a world that we would all be proud to have built. 那将是一个要求每个政府承担确保社会正义责任的世界。那将是一个经济进步不断加速的世界——不是物质福利本身作为目的，而是作为解放每个人追求自己才能和希望的能力的手段。简而言之，那将是一个我们都会自豪地说我们参与建设的世界。
Just to the north of here are lands of challenge and of opportunity, rich in natural resources -- land and minerals and people. Yet they are also lands confronted by the greatest odds -- overwhelming ignorance, internal tensions and strife, and great obstacles of climate and geography. 就在这里以北，是充满挑战和机遇的土地，拥有丰富的自然资源——土地、矿产和人民。然而，这些土地也面临着最大的困难——压倒性的无知、内部紧张和冲突，以及气候和地理的巨大障碍。
Many of these nations, as colonies, were oppressed and were exploited. Yet they have not estranged themselves from the broad traditions of the West; they are hoping and they are gambling their progress and their stability on the chance that we will meet our responsibilities to them to help them overcome their poverty. 这些国家中的许多在作为殖民地时遭受压迫和剥削。然而，它们并没有脱离西方的广泛传统；它们寄希望于，并将自己的进步和稳定押注于我们将履行对它们的责任，帮助它们克服贫困的机会上。
In the world we would like to build, South Africa could play an outstanding role, and a role of leadership in that effort. This country is without question a preeminent repository of the wealth and the knowledge and the skill of this continent. Here are the greater part of Africa's research scientists and steel production, most of its reservoirs of coal and of electric power. 在我们希望建设的世界中，南非可以发挥杰出的作用，在这一努力中发挥领导作用。毫无疑问，这个国家是非洲大陆财富、知识和技能的卓越宝库。这里有非洲大部分的研究科学家和钢铁生产，大部分的煤炭储量和电力。
Many South Africans have made major contributions to African technical development and world science. The names of some are known wherever men seek to eliminate the ravages of tropical disease and of pestilence. In your faculties and councils, here in this very audience, are hundreds and thousands of men and women who could transform the lives of millions for all time to come. 许多南非人对非洲的技术发展和世界科学做出了重大贡献。有些人的名字在任何人们寻求消除热带疾病和瘟疫祸害的地方都为人所知。在你们的院系和理事会中，就在今天这个听众席上，有成百上千的男女可以永远改变数百万人的生活。
But the help and the leadership of South Africa or of the United States cannot be accepted if we, within our own country or in our relationships with others, deny individual integrity, human dignity, and the common humanity of man. If we would lead outside our own borders, if we would help those who need our assistance, if we would meet our responsibilities to mankind, we must first, all of us, demolish the borders which history has erected between men within our own nations -- barriers of race and religion, social class and ignorance. 但是，如果我们在自己国家内部或与他人的关系中否认个人尊严、人类尊严和人类共同性，那么南非或美国的帮助和领导就不会被接受。如果要在自己的国界之外发挥领导作用，如果要帮助那些需要我们援助的人，如果要履行我们对人类的责任，我们必须首先拆除历史在我们自己国家内部人与人之间建立的壁垒——种族和宗教的壁垒、社会阶层和无知的壁垒。
Our answer is the world's hope: It is to rely on youth. The cruelties and the obstacles of this swiftly changing planet will not yield to obsolete dogmas and outworn slogans. It cannot be moved by those who cling to a present which is already dying, who prefer the illusion of security to the excitement and danger which comes with even the most peaceful progress. 我们的答案就是世界的希望：依靠青年。这个瞬息万变的星球上的残酷和障碍不会屈服于过时的教条和陈腐的口号。它不会被那些执着于已经死亡的现在、宁愿选择安全的幻觉而不愿接受即使是最和平的进步所带来的兴奋和危险的人所推动。
This world demands the qualities of youth; not a time of life but a state of mind, a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the life of ease -- a man like the Chancellor of this University. 这个世界需要青年的品质；不是生命的一个阶段，而是一种精神状态，一种意志的气质，一种想象力的品质，一种勇气战胜胆怯、冒险欲望战胜安逸生活的优势——就像这所大学的校长一样。
It is a revolutionary world that we all live in, and thus, as I have said in Latin America and in Asia and in Europe and in my own country, the United States, it is the young people who must take the lead. Thus, you, and your young compatriots everywhere, have had thrust upon you a greater burden of responsibility than any generation that has ever lived. 我们都生活在一个变革的世界里，因此，正如我在拉丁美洲、亚洲、欧洲以及我自己的国家美国所说的那样，必须由年轻人来带头。因此，你们和世界各地的年轻同胞们，肩负着比以往任何一代人都更重的责任。
"There is," said an Italian philosopher, "nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things." Yet this is the measure of the task of your generation, and the road is strewn with many dangers. 一位意大利哲学家说过："没有什么比带头引入一种新秩序更难着手、更危险执行、更不确定成功的了。"然而，这就是你们这一代人的任务，道路上布满了许多危险。
First, is the danger of futility: the belief there is nothing one man or one woman can do against the enormous array of the world's ills -- against misery, against ignorance, or injustice and violence. Yet many of the world's great movements, of thought and action, have flowed from the work of a single man. 首先是徒劳的危险：认为一个人或一个女人无法对抗世界上巨大的弊病——对抗苦难、无知、不公和暴力。然而，世界上许多伟大的思想和行动运动，都源于一个人的工作。
A young monk began the Protestant Reformation, a young general extended an empire from Macedonia to the borders of the earth, and a young woman reclaimed the territory of France. It was a young Italian explorer who discovered the New World, and 32 year-old Thomas Jefferson who proclaimed that "all men are created equal." 一位年轻的修道士发起了新教改革，一位年轻的将军将帝国从马其顿扩展到地球的边界，一位年轻的女子收复了法国的领土。一位年轻的意大利探险家发现了新世界，32岁的托马斯·杰斐逊宣布"人人生而平等"。
"Give me a place to stand," said Archimedes, "and I will move the world." These men moved the world, and so can we all. Few will have the greatness to bend history, but each of us can work to change a small portion of the events, and then the total -- all of these acts -- will be written in the history of this generation. 阿基米德说："给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。"这些人撬动了世界，我们所有人也都可以。很少有人有能力改变历史，但我们每个人都可以努力改变一小部分事件，然后总和——所有这些行动——将被写入我们这一代人的历史。
Thousands of Peace Corps volunteers are making a difference in the isolated villages and the city slums of dozens of countries. Thousands of unknown men and women in Europe resisted the occupation of the Nazis and many died, but all added to the ultimate strength and freedom of their countries. 成千上万的和平队志愿者正在数十个国家的偏远村庄和城市贫民窟中产生影响。欧洲成千上万不知名的男女抵抗纳粹占领，许多人牺牲，但所有人都为他们国家最终的力量和自由做出了贡献。
It is from numberless diverse acts of courage such as these that the belief that human history is thus shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring, those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance. 正是从无数这样的勇敢行为中，产生了人类历史由此塑造的信念。每一次当一个人为理想挺身而出，或为改善他人的命运而行动，或反抗不公平时，他都会发出一丝希望的涟漪，这些涟漪从无数不同的能量和勇气中心相互交汇，最终汇成一股洪流，能够冲垮最坚固的压迫和抵抗之墙。
"If Athens shall appear great to you," said Pericles, "consider then that her glories were purchased by valiant men, and by men who learned their duty." That is the source of all greatness in all societies, and it is the key to progress in our time. 伯里克利说："如果雅典在你看来是伟大的，那么想一想，她的荣耀是由勇敢的人，由懂得责任的人换来的。"这是所有社会伟大的源泉，也是我们这个时代进步的关键。
The second danger is that of expediency: of those who say that hopes and beliefs must bend before immediate necessities. Of course, if we must act effectively we must deal with the world as it is. We must get things done. 第二个危险是权宜之计：那些说希望和信念必须屈从于眼前需要的人。当然，如果我们必须有效行动，我们必须面对现实世界。我们必须把事情做好。
But if there was one thing that President Kennedy stood for that touched the most profound feeling of young people around the world, it was the belief that idealism, high aspirations, and deep convictions are not incompatible with the most practical and efficient of programs -- that there is no basic inconsistency between ideals and realistic possibilities, no separation between the deepest desires of heart and of mind and the rational application of human effort to human problems. 但是，如果说肯尼迪总统所代表的、触动了世界各地年轻人最深刻情感的一件事，那就是相信理想主义、崇高抱负和坚定信念与最实用高效的计划并不矛盾——理想与现实可能性之间没有根本的不一致，内心深处的渴望与对人类问题的理性努力之间没有分离。
It is not realistic or hardheaded to solve problems and take action unguided by ultimate moral aims and values, although we all know some who claim that it is so. In my judgment, it is thoughtless folly. For it ignores the realities of human faith and of passion and of belief -- forces ultimately more powerful than all of the calculations of our economists or of our generals. 在没有最终道德目标和价值观指导的情况下解决问题和采取行动，既不现实也不务实，尽管我们都知道有些人声称如此。在我看来，这是轻率的愚蠢。因为它忽视了人类信仰、激情和信念的现实——这些力量最终比我们所有经济学家或将军的计算都更强大。
Of course to adhere to standards, to idealism, to vision in the face of immediate dangers takes great courage and takes self-confidence. But we also know that only those who dare to fail greatly, can ever achieve greatly. 当然，在眼前的危险面前坚持标准、理想主义和远见，需要巨大的勇气和自信。但我们也知道，只有那些敢于失败的人，才能获得巨大的成功。
It is this new idealism which is also, I believe, the common heritage of a generation which has learned that while efficiency can lead to the camps at Auschwitz, or the streets of Budapest, only the ideals of humanity and love can climb the hills of the Acropolis. 我相信，这种新的理想主义也是一代人的共同遗产，这一代人已经认识到，虽然效率可以通向奥斯威辛集中营或布达佩斯的街道，但只有人性和爱的理想才能登上雅典卫城的山丘。
And a third danger is timidity. Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. 第三个危险是胆怯。很少有人愿意勇敢面对同胞的反对、同事的指责和社会的愤怒。道德勇气比战场上的勇敢或伟大的智慧更为罕见。
Yet it is the one essential, vital quality for those who seek to change the world -- which yields most painfully to change. Aristotle tells us: "At the Olympic games it is not the finest or the strongest men who are crowned, but those who enter the lists." "So, too, in the life of the honorable and the good it is they who act rightly who win the prize." I believe that in this generation those with the courage to enter the conflict will find themselves with companions in every corner of the world. 然而，对于那些寻求改变世界——一个最难改变的世界——的人来说，这是至关重要的品质。亚里士多德告诉我们："在奥林匹克运动会上，不是最优秀或最强壮的人获得桂冠，而是那些参加比赛的人。""同样，在高尚和善良的生活中，是那些行为正确的人赢得奖赏。"我相信，在我们这一代人中，那些有勇气参与斗争的人会发现自己在世界每个角落都有同伴。
For the fortunate amongst us, the fourth danger, my friends, is comfort, the temptation to follow the easy and familiar paths of personal ambition and financial success so grandly spread before those who have the privilege of an education. But that is not the road history has marked out for us. 对于我们中幸运的人来说，第四个危险，我的朋友们，是安逸，是屈服于个人野心和经济成功的轻松熟悉道路的诱惑，这些道路为那些有幸接受教育的人铺展得如此壮观。但这不是历史为我们标记的道路。
There is a Chinese curse which says, "May he live in interesting times." Like it or not we live in interesting times. They are times of danger and uncertainty; but they are also the most creative of any time in the history of mankind. And everyone here will ultimately be judged, will ultimately judge himself, on the effort he has contributed to building a new world society and the extent to which his ideals and goals have shaped that effort. 中国有句谚语说："愿他生活在有趣的时代。"不管喜欢与否，我们都生活在有趣的时代。这是充满危险和不确定性的时代；但也是人类历史上最具创造力的时代。这里的每个人最终都会被评判，最终会评判自己，评判他为建设一个新世界社会所贡献的努力，以及他的理想和目标在多大程度上塑造了这一努力。
So we part, I to my country and you to remain. We are, if a man of 40 can claim the privilege, fellow members of the world's largest younger generation. Each of us have our own work to do. I know at times you must feel very alone with your problems and with your difficulties. 所以我们要分别了，我回到我的国家，你们留在这里。如果一个40岁的人可以声称这个特权的话，我们都是世界上最大的年轻一代的成员。我们每个人都有自己的工作要做。我知道有时你们一定会感到非常孤独，面对你们的问题和困难。
But I want to say how I -- impressed I am with the stand -- with what you stand for and for the effort that you are making; and I say this not just for myself, but men and women all over the world. And I hope you will often take heart from the knowledge that you are joined with your fellow young people in every land, they struggling with their problems and you with yours, but all joined in a common purpose. 但我想说，我对你们所代表的立场以及你们所做的努力印象深刻；我不仅为自己，也为全世界的男女说这些话。我希望你们经常从这样的认识中获得勇气：你们与世界各国的年轻同胞们站在一起，他们在与自己的问题作斗争，你们在与自己的问题作斗争，但所有人都为一个共同的目标而团结。
That, like the young people of my own country and of every country that I have visited, you are all in many ways more closely united to the brothers of your time than to the older generations in any of these nations. You're determined to build a better future. 就像我自己国家的年轻人和我访问过的每个国家的年轻人一样，在许多方面，你们与同时代的兄弟们比与这些国家中的任何老一辈人都更加紧密地团结在一起。你们决心建设一个更美好的未来。
President Kennedy was speaking to the young people of America, but beyond them to young people everywhere, when he said: "the energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it; and the glow from that fire can truly light the world." 肯尼迪总统在对美国年轻人讲话时，也是在对世界各地的年轻人讲话，他说："我们为这一努力所带来的能量、信念和奉献精神，将照亮我们的国家和所有为它服务的人；这火焰发出的光芒确实可以照亮整个世界。"
And, he added, "With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own." 他还补充说："以良好的良知作为我们唯一可靠的回报，以历史作为我们行为的最终评判者，让我们前进，领导我们所热爱的国家，祈求他的祝福和帮助，但要知道，在这个世界上，上帝的工作确实必须由我们自己来完成。"
I thank you. 谢谢你们。