Speech at the UN Copenhagen Climate Change Conference(联合国哥本哈根气候变化大会演讲)

演讲内容

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演讲背景:2009年12月18日,美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马在丹麦哥本哈根举行的联合国气候变化大会(COP15)全体会议上发言。此次大会旨在达成应对气候变化的全球协议,但谈判因发达国家与发展中国家在减排责任、透明度和资金支持等问题上的分歧而陷入僵局。奥巴马强调气候变化是真实而严峻的科学事实,呼吁各国超越分歧采取集体行动。他承诺美国到2020年减排17%、到2050年减排80%以上,并宣布参与快速启动资金,到2012年增至100亿美元;国务卿希拉里·克林顿还提出,若达成更广泛协议,到2020年将动员1000亿美元资金。他提出“减排、透明度、资金”三要素方案,警告空谈时代已结束,呼吁各方抓住历史机遇。

Good morning. It is an honor for me to join this distinguished group of leaders from nations around the world. We come here in Copenhagen because climate change poses a grave and growing danger to our people. All of you would not be here unless you -- like me -- were convinced that this danger is real. This is not fiction, it is science. Unchecked, climate change will pose unacceptable risks to our security, our economies, and our planet. This much we know. 早上好。我很荣幸能与来自世界各国领导人这一杰出群体共聚一堂。我们来到哥本哈根,是因为气候变化对我们的人民构成了严重且日益加剧的危险。你们所有人来到这里,除非你们和我一样确信这一危险是真实存在的,否则不会出现在这里。这不是虚构,而是科学。如果不加遏制,气候变化将对我们的安全、我们的经济和我们的星球造成不可接受的风险。这一点我们心知肚明。

The question, then, before us is no longer the nature of the challenge. The question is our capacity to meet it. For while the reality of climate change is not in doubt, I have to be honest, as the world watches us today, I think our ability to take collective action is in doubt right now, and it hangs in the balance. 那么,摆在我们面前的问题不再是挑战的性质,而是我们应对挑战的能力。因为尽管气候变化的现实不容置疑,但我必须坦诚地说,当全世界今天注视着我们时,我认为我们采取集体行动的能力此刻正受到质疑,且悬而未决。

I believe we can act boldly, and decisively, in the face of a common threat. That's why I come here today -- not to talk, but to act. 我相信,面对共同威胁,我们能够采取大胆而果断的行动。这就是我今天来到这里的原因——不是为了空谈,而是为了行动。

Now, as the world's largest economy and as the world's second largest emitter, America bears our responsibility to address climate change, and we intend to meet that responsibility. That's why we've renewed our leadership within international climate change negotiations. 当前,作为世界最大经济体和世界第二大排放国,美国承担着应对气候变化的责任,我们打算履行这一责任。这就是我们为何在国际气候变化谈判中重新确立了领导地位。

That's why we've worked with other nations to phase out fossil fuel subsidies. That's why we've taken bold action at home -- by making historic investments in renewable energy; by putting our people to work increasing efficiency in our homes and buildings; and by pursuing comprehensive legislation to transform to a clean energy economy. 这就是我们为何与其他国家合作,逐步取消化石燃料补贴。这就是我们为何在国内采取大胆行动——对可再生能源进行历史性投资;让我们的人民投入工作,提高家庭和建筑的能源效率;并推动全面立法,向清洁能源经济转型。

These mitigation actions are ambitious, and we are taking them not simply to meet global responsibilities. We are convinced, as some of you may be convinced, that changing the way we produce and use energy is essential to America's economic future -- that it will create millions of new jobs, power new industries, keep us competitive, and spark new innovation. 这些减排行动雄心勃勃,我们采取这些行动不仅是为了履行全球责任。我们相信,正如你们中一些人可能也相信的那样,改变我们生产和使用能源的方式对美国的经济未来至关重要——它将创造数百万新就业岗位,推动新兴产业发展,保持我们的竞争力,并激发新的创新。

We're convinced, for our own self-interest, that the way we use energy, changing it to a more efficient fashion, is essential to our national security, because it helps to reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and helps us deal with some of the dangers posed by climate change. 我们出于自身利益深信,我们使用能源的方式,向更高效的方向转变,对国家安全至关重要,因为它有助于减少我们对进口石油的依赖,并帮助我们应对气候变化带来的一些危险。

So I want this plenary session to understand, America is going to continue on this course of action to mitigate our emissions and to move towards a clean energy economy, no matter what happens here in Copenhagen. We think it is good for us, as well as good for the world. But we also believe that we will all be stronger, all be safer, all be more secure if we act together. That's why it is in our mutual interest to achieve a global accord in which we agree to certain steps, and to hold each other accountable to certain commitments. 因此,我希望本届全会明白,无论哥本哈根会议结果如何,美国都将继续沿着这条减排行动之路前进,迈向清洁能源经济。我们认为这对我们有益,也对世界有益。但我们也相信,如果我们共同行动,我们所有人都将更强大、更安全、更有保障。这就是为何达成一项全球协议符合我们共同利益——在这项协议中,我们就某些步骤达成一致,并就某些承诺相互问责。

After months of talk, after two weeks of negotiations, after innumerable side meetings, bilateral meetings, endless hours of discussion among negotiators, I believe that the pieces of that accord should now be clear. 经过数月的讨论,两周的谈判,无数次的边会、双边会议,以及谈判代表之间无休止的磋商,我相信,这项协议的构成要素现在应该已经清晰了。

First, all major economies must put forward decisive national actions that will reduce their emissions, and begin to turn the corner on climate change. I'm pleased that many of us have already done so. Almost all the major economies have put forward legitimate targets, significant targets, ambitious targets. And I'm confident that America will fulfill the commitments that we have made: cutting our emissions in the range of 17 percent by 2020, and by more than 80 percent by 2050 in line with final legislation. 第一,所有主要经济体都必须提出决定性的国家行动,减少排放,并开始扭转气候变化的趋势。我很高兴我们中许多国家已经这样做了。几乎所有主要经济体都提出了合理的目标、重要的目标、雄心勃勃的目标。我有信心,美国将履行我们做出的承诺:到2020年将排放量减少约17%,并根据最终立法到2050年减少80%以上。

Second, we must have a mechanism to review whether we are keeping our commitments, and exchange this information in a transparent manner. These measures need not be intrusive, or infringe upon sovereignty. They must, however, ensure that an accord is credible, and that we're living up to our obligations. Without such accountability, any agreement would be empty words on a page. 第二,我们必须建立一种机制,审查我们是否履行了承诺,并以透明方式交换这些信息。这些措施不必具有侵入性,也不必侵犯主权。然而,它们必须确保协议可信,并确保我们履行了自己的义务。没有这种问责制,任何协议都将是纸上的空话。

I don't know how you have an international agreement where we all are not sharing information and ensuring that we are meeting our commitments. That doesn't make sense. It would be a hollow victory. 我不知道如果不分享信息、不确保我们履行承诺,如何达成一项国际协议。这毫无意义。那将是一场空洞的胜利。

Number three, we must have financing that helps developing countries adapt, particularly the least developed and most vulnerable countries to climate change. America will be a part of fast-start funding that will ramp up to $10 billion by 2012. And yesterday, Secretary Hillary Clinton, my Secretary of State, made it clear that we will engage in a global effort to mobilize $100 billion in financing by 2020, if -- and only if -- it is part of a broader accord that I have just described. 第三,我们必须提供资金,帮助发展中国家适应气候变化,特别是最不发达和最易受气候变化影响的国家。美国将参与快速启动资金计划,到2012年增至100亿美元。昨天,我的国务卿希拉里·克林顿明确表示,如果——也只有当——这是我所描述的更广泛协议的一部分时,我们将参与全球努力,到2020年动员1000亿美元的资金。

Mitigation. Transparency. Financing. It's a clear formula -- one that embraces the principle of common but differentiated responses and respective capabilities. And it adds up to a significant accord -- one that takes us farther than we have ever gone before as an international community. 减排。透明度。资金。这是一个清晰的方案——它体现了共同但有区别的责任和各自能力的原则。它构成了一项重要的协议——一项带领我们走向国际社会前所未有的远方的协议。

I just want to say to this plenary session that we are running short on time. And at this point, the question is whether we will move forward together or split apart, whether we prefer posturing to action. I'm sure that many consider this an imperfect framework that I just described. No country will get everything that it wants. 我只想向本届全会说,我们的时间不多了。此时此刻,问题在于我们是共同前进还是分崩离析,是宁愿摆姿态还是采取行动。我相信,许多人认为我刚才描述的是一个不完美的框架。没有哪个国家能得到它想要的一切。

There are those developing countries that want aid with no strings attached, and no obligations with respect to transparency. They think that the most advanced nations should pay a higher price. I understand that. There are those advanced nations who think that developing countries either cannot absorb this assistance, or that will not be held accountable effectively, and that the world's fastest-growing emitters should bear a greater share of the burden. 有些发展中国家希望获得不带任何附加条件、不承担透明度义务的援助。他们认为最发达的国家应该付出更高的代价。我理解这一点。也有些发达国家认为,发展中国家要么无法吸收这些援助,要么无法得到有效问责,并且世界上增长最快的排放国应该承担更大的责任份额。

We know the fault lines because we've been imprisoned by them for years. These international discussions have essentially taken place now for almost two decades, and we have very little to show for it other than an increased acceleration of the climate change phenomenon. The time for talk is over. This is the bottom line: We can embrace this accord, take a substantial step forward, continue to refine it and build upon its foundation. We can do that, and everyone who is in this room will be part of a historic endeavor -- one that makes life better for our children and our grandchildren. 我们知道这些分歧所在,因为我们已被它们困住多年。这些国际讨论实际上已经进行了近二十年,但除了气候变化现象加速恶化外,我们几乎没有什么可以展示的成果。空谈的时代已经结束。底线是:我们可以接受这项协议,向前迈出实质性一步,继续完善它并在其基础上推进。我们能做到这一点,在座的每一个人都将是一项历史性事业的一部分——一项让我们的子孙后代生活更美好的事业。

Or we can choose delay, falling back into the same divisions that have stood in the way of action for years. And we will be back having the same stale arguments month after month, year after year, perhaps decade after decade, all while the danger of climate change grows until it is irreversible. 或者我们可以选择拖延,重新陷入那些多年来阻碍行动的分歧之中。我们将回到原点,月复一月、年复一年、也许十年复十年地重复同样陈腐的争论,而气候变化的危险却不断加剧,直到不可逆转。

Ladies and gentlemen, there is no time to waste. America has made our choice. We have charted our course. We have made our commitments. We will do what we say. Now I believe it's the time for the nations and the people of the world to come together behind a common purpose. 女士们、先生们,时间不容浪费。美国已经做出了选择。我们已经规划好了路线。我们已经做出了承诺。我们将言出必行。现在我相信,世界各国和人民是时候团结起来,为一个共同目标而努力了。

We are ready to get this done today -- but there has to be movement on all sides to recognize that it is better for us to act than to talk; it's better for us to choose action over inaction; the future over the past -- and with courage and faith, I believe that we can meet our responsibility to our people, and the future of our planet. 我们已经准备好今天就把这件事办成——但各方都必须有所行动,认识到行动胜于空谈;对我们来说,选择行动而非无所作为、选择未来而非过去,才是更好的——凭借勇气和信念,我相信我们能够履行对人民、对我们星球未来的责任。

Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。

United Nationsclimate changeclean energycopenhagenemissions

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Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

美国首位非裔总统,第四十四任总统

出生1961国籍美国

巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)是美国第四十四任总统,也是美国历史上首位非裔美国人总统。他于1961年出生于夏威夷州,在2008年历史性当选总统之前曾担任伊利诺伊州参议员。在他的两届任期(2009-2017年)内,奥巴马总统取得了重大成就:通过《平价医疗法案》(奥巴马医改)使2000万美国人获得医疗保险,在2008年金融危机后改革金融监管体系,下令击毙本·拉登,结束美国在伊拉克的作战行动,推动全美同性婚姻合法化,恢复与古巴的外交关系,并通过《巴黎协定》领导全球应对气候变化的努力。他的总统任期被广泛认为是美国政治史上的重要里程碑,以希望、团结和变革的信息为特征。

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