Speech to the Australian Parliament(在澳大利亚议会的演讲)

Speech to the Australian Parliament(在澳大利亚议会的演讲)

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演讲背景:2011年11月17日,美国总统奥巴马在澳大利亚首都堪培拉向澳大利亚议会发表演讲,标志着美澳联盟六十周年。这是首位在澳大利亚议会发表演讲的美国总统。演讲中,奥巴马宣布美国将战略重心转向亚太地区,承诺美国作为太平洋大国将在该地区发挥更大的长期作用。他阐述了美国在亚太地区的三大目标:维护安全、推进繁荣、支持基本人权。奥巴马还宣布了美澳军事合作新举措,包括美国在澳大利亚的军事部署。他强调战争的浪潮正在退去,美国正从实力地位向前迈进。这篇演讲被视为美国亚太再平衡战略的标志性宣言,对地区格局产生了深远影响。

Prime Minister Gillard, Leader Abbott, thank you both for your very warm welcome. Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, members of the House and Senate, ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for the honor of standing in this great chamber to reaffirm the bonds between the United States and the Commonwealth of Australia, two of the world’s oldest democracies and two of the world's oldest friends. 吉拉德总理、阿博特反对党领袖,感谢你们两位的热烈欢迎。议长先生、总统先生、众议院和参议院的各位议员、女士们先生们,感谢你们让我有幸站在这座伟大的议事厅中,重申美利坚合众国与澳大利亚联邦之间的纽带——两个世界上最古老的民主国家,两个世界上最古老的朋友。

To you and the people of Australia, thank you for your extraordinary hospitality. And here, in this city -- this ancient “meeting place” -- I want to acknowledge the original inhabitants of this land, and one of the world’s oldest continuous cultures, the First Australians. 对你和澳大利亚人民,感谢你们的盛情款待。在这座城市——这个古老的"聚会之地"——我要向这片土地的原住民,以及世界上最古老的延续文化之一的澳大利亚原住民致敬。

I first came to Australia as a child, traveling between my birthplace of Hawaii, and Indonesia, where I would live for four years. As an eight-year-old, I couldn’t always understand your foreign language. Last night I did try to talk some "Strine." Today I don’t want to subject you to any earbashing. I really do love that one and I will be introducing that into the vernacular in Washington. 我小时候第一次来到澳大利亚,当时我在出生地夏威夷和印度尼西亚之间旅行,并在印尼生活了四年。作为一个八岁的孩子,我不能总是听懂你们的外语。昨晚我确实试着说了一些澳式英语。今天我不想让你们忍受我的长篇大论。我真的很喜欢这个说法,我会把它引入华盛顿的日常用语中。

But to a young American boy, Australia and its people -- your optimism, your easy-going ways, your irreverent sense of humor -- all felt so familiar. It felt like home. I’ve always wanted to return. I tried last year -- twice. But this is a Lucky Country, and today I feel lucky to be here as we mark the 60th anniversary of our unbreakable alliance. 但对一个年轻的美国男孩来说,澳大利亚及其人民——你们的乐观、你们的随和、你们不拘一格的幽默感——一切都感觉如此熟悉。就像回到了家。我一直想再来。去年我试了两次。但这是一个幸运之国,今天在我们纪念牢不可破的联盟六十周年之际,我感到很幸运能来到这里。

The bonds between us run deep. In each other’s story we see so much of ourselves. Ancestors who crossed vast oceans -- some by choice, some in chains. Settlers who pushed west across sweeping plains. Dreamers who toiled with hearts and hands to lay railroads and to build cities. Generations of immigrants who, with each new arrival, add a new thread to the brilliant tapestry of our nations. And we are citizens who live by a common creed -- no matter who you are, no matter what you look like, everyone deserves a fair chance; everyone deserves a fair go. 我们之间的纽带深厚。在彼此的故事中,我们看到了太多自己的影子。穿越汪洋大海的先辈——有些出于自愿,有些身披锁链。向西跨越广袤平原的拓荒者。用心和双手辛勤劳作、铺设铁路、建设城市的梦想家。一代又一代的移民,每一次新到来都为我们国家绚丽的锦缎增添新的丝线。我们是信奉共同信条的公民——无论你是谁,无论你外表如何,每个人都应获得公平的机会;每个人都应得到公正的对待。

Of course, progress in our society has not always come without tensions, or struggles to overcome a painful past. But we are countries with a willingness to face our imperfections, and to keep reaching for our ideals. That’s the spirit we saw in this chamber three years ago, as this nation inspired the world with a historic gesture of reconciliation with Indigenous Australians. It’s the spirit of progress, in America, which allows me to stand before you today, as President of the United States. And it’s the spirit I’ll see later today when I become the first U.S. 当然,我们社会的进步并非总是一帆风顺,也经历了克服痛苦过去的斗争。但我们是愿意正视自身不足、不断追求理想的国家。这就是三年前我们在本议事厅中看到的精神,这个国家以与澳大利亚原住民和解的历史性姿态激励了世界。这就是美国进步的精神,它使我今天能以美利坚合众国总统的身份站在你们面前。这也是我今天稍后将看到的精神,届时我将成为第一位

President to visit the Northern Territory, where I’ll meet the Traditional Owners of the Land. 访问北方领地的美国总统,在那里我将与这片土地的传统所有者会面。

Nor has our progress come without great sacrifice. This morning, I was humbled and deeply moved by a visit to your war memorial to pay my respects to Australia’s fallen sons and daughters. Later today, in Darwin, I’ll join the Prime Minister in saluting our brave men and women in uniform. And it will be a reminder that -- from the trenches of the First World War to the mountains of Afghanistan -- Aussies and Americans have stood together, we have fought together, we have given lives together in every single major conflict of the past hundred years. Every single one. 我们的进步也伴随着巨大的牺牲。今天早上,我怀着谦卑和深受感动的心情参观了你们的战争纪念馆,向澳大利亚阵亡的儿女致敬。今天晚些时候,在达尔文,我将与总理一起向勇敢的军人们致敬。这将提醒我们——从第一次世界大战的战壕到阿富汗的群山——澳大利亚人和美国人并肩而立,共同战斗,在过去百年的每一场重大冲突中共同献出生命。每一场都是如此。

This solidarity has sustained us through a difficult decade. We will never forget the attacks of 9/11, that took the lives not only of Americans, but people from many nations, including Australia. In the United States, we will never forget how Australia invoked the ANZUS Treaty -- for the first time ever -- showing that our two nations stood as one. And none of us will ever forget those we’ve lost to al Qaeda’s terror in the years since, including innocent Australians. 这种团结支撑我们度过了艰难的十年。我们永远不会忘记九一一袭击,它不仅夺走了美国人的生命,也夺走了包括澳大利亚在内的许多国家人民的生命。在美国,我们永远不会忘记澳大利亚如何首次援引《澳新美安全条约》——表明我们两国团结一致。我们任何人也不会忘记自那以来在基地组织的恐怖袭击中失去的人们,包括无辜的澳大利亚人。

And that’s why, as both the Prime Minister and the Opposition Leader indicated, we are determined to succeed in Afghanistan. It is why I salute Australia -- outside of NATO, the largest contributor of troops to this vital mission. And it’s why we honor all those who have served there for our security, including 32 Australian patriots who gave their lives, among them Captain Bryce Duffy, Corporal Ashley Birt, and Lance Corporal Luke Gavin. We will honor their sacrifice by making sure that Afghanistan is never again used as a source for attacks against our people. Never again. 正因如此,正如总理和反对党领袖所指出的,我们决心在阿富汗取得成功。这就是为什么我要向澳大利亚致敬——在北约之外,它是这项关键任务中出兵最多的国家。这也是为什么我们向所有在那里为我们的安全服役的人致敬,包括三十二名献出生命的澳大利亚爱国者,其中有布莱斯·达菲上尉、阿什利·伯特下士和卢克·加文一等兵。我们将确保阿富汗不再被用作袭击我国人民的策源地,以此来纪念他们的牺牲。绝不再让此类事件发生。

As two global partners, we stand up for the security and the dignity of people around the world. We see it when our rescue workers rush to help others in times of fire and drought and flooding rains. We see it when we partner to keep the peace -- from East Timor to the Balkans -- and when we pursue our shared vision: a world without nuclear weapons. 作为两个全球伙伴,我们为世界各地人民的安全与尊严而奋斗。当我们的救援人员在火灾、旱灾和暴雨中赶赴帮助他人时,我们看到了这一点。当我们合作维护和平——从东帝汶到巴尔干——当我们追求共同愿景:一个没有核武器的世界时,我们看到了这一点。

We see it in the development that lifts up a child in Africa; the assistance that saves a family from famine; and when we extend our support to the people of the Middle East and North Africa, who deserve the same liberty that allows us to gather in this great hall of democracy. 我们在援助非洲儿童的发展中看到这一点;在拯救家庭免于饥荒的援助中看到这一点;当我们向中东和北非人民伸出援手时也看到这一点,他们理应享有让我们得以聚集在这座伟大的民主殿堂中的自由。

This is the alliance we reaffirm today -- rooted in our values; renewed by every generation. This is the partnership we worked to deepen over the past three years. And today I can stand before you and say with confidence that the alliance between the United States and Australia has never been stronger. It has been to our past; our alliance continues to be indispensable to our future. So here, among close friends, I’d like to address the larger purpose of my visit to this region -- our efforts to advance security, prosperity and human dignity across the Asia Pacific. 这是我们今天重申的联盟——根植于我们的价值观;由每一代人更新。这是我们在过去三年中努力深化的伙伴关系。今天我可以站在你们面前充满信心地说,美国和澳大利亚之间的联盟从未如此强大。它一直是我们过去的一部分;我们的联盟对未来的我们依然不可或缺。因此,在亲密朋友之间,我想谈谈我访问这一地区的更大目标——我们推进亚太地区安全、繁荣和人类尊严的努力。

For the United States, this reflects a broader shift. After a decade in which we fought two wars that cost us dearly, in blood and treasure, the United States is turning our attention to the vast potential of the Asia Pacific region. In just a few weeks, after nearly nine years, the last American troops will leave Iraq and our war there will be over. In Afghanistan, we’ve begun a transition -- a responsible transition -- so Afghans can take responsibility for their future and so coalition forces can begin to draw down. 对美国而言,这反映了一个更广泛的转变。在经历十年两场战争、付出巨大鲜血和财富代价之后,美国正将注意力转向亚太地区的巨大潜力。几周之内,历经近九年,最后一批美军将撤离伊拉克,我们在那里的战争将结束。在阿富汗,我们已开始过渡——一个负责任的过渡——让阿富汗人能为自己的未来负责,让联军能开始撤离。

And with partners like Australia, we’ve struck major blows against al Qaeda and put that terrorist organization on the path to defeat, including delivering justice to Osama bin Laden. 有了像澳大利亚这样的伙伴,我们对基地组织给予了沉重打击,并将这个恐怖组织推向覆灭之路,包括对奥萨马·本·拉登实施了正义的审判。

So make no mistake, the tide of war is receding, and America is looking ahead to the future that we must build. From Europe to the Americas, we've strengthened alliances and partnerships. At home, we’re investing in the sources of our long-term economic strength -- the education of our children, the training of our workers, the infrastructure that fuels commerce, the science and the research that leads to new breakthroughs. We’ve made hard decisions to cut our deficit and put our fiscal house in order -- and we will continue to do more. 因此请勿误解,战争的浪潮正在退去,美国正展望我们必须建设的未来。从欧洲到美洲,我们加强了联盟和伙伴关系。在国内,我们正在投资于长期经济实力的源泉——我们子女的教育、工人的培训、促进商业的基础设施、带来新突破的科学研究。我们做出了艰难的决定,削减赤字、整顿财政秩序——我们还将继续做更多。

Because our economic strength at home is the foundation of our leadership in the world, including here in the Asia Pacific. 因为我们在国内的经济实力是我们世界领导地位的基石,包括在亚太地区。

Our new focus on this region reflects a fundamental truth -- the United States has been, and always will be, a Pacific nation. Asian immigrants helped build America, and millions of American families, including my own, cherish our ties to this region. From the bombing of Darwin to the liberation of Pacific islands, from the rice paddies of Southeast Asia to a cold Korean Peninsula, generations of Americans have served here, and died here -- so democracies could take root; so economic miracles could lift hundreds of millions to prosperity. 我们对这一地区的新关注反映了一个基本事实——美国过去是、将来也永远是一个太平洋国家。亚洲移民帮助建设了美国,数以百万计的美国家庭,包括我的家庭,珍视我们与这一地区的联系。从达尔文遭轰炸到太平洋岛屿的解放,从东南亚的稻田到寒冷的朝鲜半岛,一代又一代美国人在这里服役,在这里牺牲——为的是让民主能够扎根;让经济奇迹能使数亿人脱贫致富。

Americans have bled with you for this progress, and we will not allow it -- we will never allow it to be reversed. 美国人为这一进步与你们并肩流血,我们不会允许——永远不会允许它被逆转。

Here, we see the future. As the world’s fastest-growing region -- and home to more than half the global economy -- the Asia Pacific is critical to achieving my highest priority, and that's creating jobs and opportunity for the American people. With most of the world’s nuclear power and some half of humanity, Asia will largely define whether the century ahead will be marked by conflict or cooperation, needless suffering or human progress. 在这里,我们看到了未来。作为世界上增长最快的地区——拥有全球经济总量的一半以上——亚太地区对于实现我的最高目标至关重要,即为美国人民创造就业和机会。亚洲拥有世界上大部分的核力量和约一半的人口,将在很大程度上决定未来的世纪是充满冲突还是合作,是无谓的苦难还是人类的进步。

As President, I have, therefore, made a deliberate and strategic decision -- as a Pacific nation, the United States will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future, by upholding core principles and in close partnership with our allies and friends. 因此,作为总统,我做出了一个深思熟虑的战略决定——作为一个太平洋国家,美国将在塑造这一地区及其未来方面发挥更大和长期的作用,通过维护核心原则以及与盟友和朋友的密切伙伴关系来实现。

Let me tell you what this means. First, we seek security, which is the foundation of peace and prosperity. We stand for an international order in which the rights and responsibilities of all nations and all people are upheld. Where international law and norms are enforced. Where commerce and freedom of navigation are not impeded. Where emerging powers contribute to regional security, and where disagreements are resolved peacefully. That's the future that we seek. 让我告诉你们这意味着什么。首先,我们追求安全,这是和平与繁荣的基础。我们主张维护一个捍卫所有国家和所有人民权利与责任的国际秩序。在那里,国际法和国际规范得到执行。在那里,商业和航行自由不受阻碍。在那里,新兴大国为地区安全做出贡献,分歧得到和平解决。这就是我们追求的未来。

Now, I know that some in this region have wondered about America’s commitment to upholding these principles. So let me address this directly. As the United States puts our fiscal house in order, we are reducing our spending. And, yes, after a decade of extraordinary growth in our military budgets -- and as we definitively end the war in Iraq, and begin to wind down the war in Afghanistan -- we will make some reductions in defense spending. 我知道这一地区的一些人曾对美国维护这些原则的承诺表示疑虑。让我直接回应这一点。随着美国整顿财政秩序,我们正在削减开支。是的,在军事预算经历十年非凡增长之后——随着我们彻底结束伊拉克战争、开始缩减阿富汗战争——我们将对国防开支进行一些削减。

As we consider the future of our armed forces, we've begun a review that will identify our most important strategic interests and guide our defense priorities and spending over the coming decade. So here is what this region must know. As we end today’s wars, I have directed my national security team to make our presence and mission in the Asia Pacific a top priority. As a result, reductions in U.S. defense spending will not -- I repeat, will not -- come at the expense of the Asia Pacific. 在考虑我国武装力量的未来时,我们已开始一项评估,以确定我们最重要的战略利益,并指导未来十年的国防优先事项和开支。因此,这一地区需要知道的是:在结束当前的战争之际,我已指示国家安全团队将我们在亚太地区的存在和使命作为首要任务。因此,美国国防开支的削减不会——我再说一遍,不会——以牺牲亚太地区为代价。

My guidance is clear. As we plan and budget for the future, we will allocate the resources necessary to maintain our strong military presence in this region. We will preserve our unique ability to project power and deter threats to peace. We will keep our commitments, including our treaty obligations to allies like Australia. And we will constantly strengthen our capabilities to meet the needs of the 21st century. Our enduring interests in the region demand our enduring presence in the region. The United States is a Pacific power, and we are here to stay. 我的指示很明确。在规划和预算未来时,我们将分配必要的资源来维持我们在该地区的强大军事存在。我们将保持我们投送力量和遏制和平威胁的独特能力。我们将信守承诺,包括对澳大利亚等盟友的条约义务。我们将不断加强我们的能力以满足二十一世纪的需求。我们在该地区的持久利益要求我们在此保持持久存在。美国是一个太平洋大国,我们将留在这里。

Indeed, we are already modernizing America’s defense posture across the Asia Pacific. It will be more broadly distributed -- maintaining our strong presence in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, while enhancing our presence in Southeast Asia. Our posture will be more flexible -- with new capabilities to ensure that our forces can operate freely. And our posture will be more sustainable, by helping allies and partners build their capacity, with more training and exercises. 事实上,我们已经在实现美国在整个亚太地区国防态势的现代化。它将更加广泛分布——维持我们在日本和朝鲜半岛的强大存在,同时加强我们在东南亚的存在。我们的态势将更加灵活——拥有新能力确保我们的部队能自由行动。我们的态势将更加可持续,通过帮助盟友和伙伴提升能力,进行更多训练和演习。

We see our new posture here in Australia. The initiatives that the Prime Minister and I announced yesterday will bring our two militaries even closer together. We’ll have new opportunities to train with other allies and partners, from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. And it will allow us to respond faster to the full range of challenges, including humanitarian crises and disaster relief. 我们在澳大利亚看到了我们的新态势。总理和我昨天宣布的举措将使我们的两军更加紧密。我们将有新的机会与从太平洋到印度洋的其他盟友和伙伴进行训练。这将使我们能够更快地应对各种挑战,包括人道主义危机和灾害救援。

Since World War II, Australians have warmly welcomed American service members who've passed through. On behalf of the American people, I thank you for welcoming those who will come next, as they ensure that our alliance stays strong and ready for the tests of our time. 自第二次世界大战以来,澳大利亚人热情欢迎了途经此地的美国军人。我代表美国人民感谢你们迎接即将到来的军人,他们将确保我们的联盟保持强大,随时准备迎接我们这个时代的考验。

We see America’s enhanced presence in the alliance that we’ve strengthened: In Japan, where our alliance remains a cornerstone of regional security. In Thailand, where we’re partnering for disaster relief. In the Philippines, where we’re increasing ship visits and training. And in South Korea, where our commitment to the security of the Republic of Korea will never waver. Indeed, we also reiterate our resolve to act firmly against any proliferation activities by North Korea. 我们在我们强化的联盟中看到了美国增强的存在:在日本,我们的联盟仍然是地区安全的基石。在泰国,我们正在合作进行灾害救援。在菲律宾,我们正在增加军舰访问和训练。在韩国,我们对大韩民国安全的承诺永远不会动摇。我们还重申,我们坚决采取行动反对朝鲜的任何扩散活动。

The transfer of nuclear materials or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the United States and our allies, and we would hold North Korea fully accountable for the consequences of such action. 朝鲜向国家或非国家实体转让核材料或核物质将被视为对美国及其盟友的严重威胁,我们将让朝鲜对此类行动的后果承担完全责任。

We see America’s enhanced presence across Southeast Asia -- in our partnership with Indonesia against piracy and violent extremism, and in our work with Malaysia to prevent proliferation; in the ships we’ll deploy to Singapore, and in our closer cooperation with Vietnam and Cambodia; and in our welcome of India as it “looks east” and plays a larger role as an Asian power. 我们在东南亚各地看到了美国增强的存在——在与印度尼西亚合作打击海盗和暴力极端主义中,在与马来西亚合作防止扩散中;在我们将部署到新加坡的军舰中,在与越南和柬埔寨的更密切合作中;在我们欢迎印度"向东看"并作为亚洲大国发挥更大作用中。

At the same time, we’ll reengage with our regional organizations. Our work in Bali this week will mark my third meeting with ASEAN leaders, and I’ll be proud to be the first American President to attend the East Asia Summit. And together, I believe we can address shared challenges, such as proliferation and maritime security, including cooperation in the South China Sea. 与此同时,我们将重新参与地区组织。本周在巴厘岛的工作将标志着我与东盟领导人的第三次会晤,我将自豪地成为第一位出席东亚峰会的美国总统。我相信,通过共同努力,我们可以应对共同挑战,如扩散和海上安全问题,包括南海的合作。

Meanwhile, the United States will continue our effort to build a cooperative relationship with China. All of our nations -- Australia, the United States -- all of our nations have a profound interest in the rise of a peaceful and prosperous China. That's why the United States welcomes it. We’ve seen that China can be a partner from reducing tensions on the Korean Peninsula to preventing proliferation. And we’ll seek more opportunities for cooperation with Beijing, including greater communication between our militaries to promote understanding and avoid miscalculation. 同时,美国将继续努力与中国建立合作关系。我们所有国家——澳大利亚、美国——所有国家都对一个和平繁荣的中国的崛起有着深刻利益。这就是美国欢迎这一发展的原因。我们看到中国可以成为伙伴,从缓解朝鲜半岛紧张局势到防止扩散。我们将寻求更多与北京合作的机会,包括加强两军之间的沟通以增进理解、避免误判。

We will do this, even as we continue to speak candidly to Beijing about the importance of upholding international norms and respecting the universal human rights of the Chinese people. 我们将继续这样做,同时我们也会坦率地向北京强调维护国际规范和尊重中国人民普遍人权的重要性。

A secure and peaceful Asia is the foundation for the second area in which America is leading again, and that's advancing our shared prosperity. History teaches us the greatest force the world has ever known for creating wealth and opportunity is free markets. So we seek economies that are open and transparent. We seek trade that is free and fair. And we seek an open international economic system, where rules are clear and every nation plays by them. 安全和平的亚洲是美国再次发挥领导作用的第二个领域的基础,即推进我们共同的繁荣。历史告诉我们,世界上创造财富和机会的最伟大力量是自由市场。因此,我们追求开放透明的经济体。我们追求自由公平的贸易。我们追求开放的国际经济体系,规则清晰,每个国家都遵守规则。

In Australia and America, we understand these principles. We’re among the most open economies on Earth. Six years into our landmark trade agreement, commerce between us has soared. Our workers are creating new partnerships and new products, like the advanced aircraft technologies we build together in Victoria. We’re the leading investor in Australia, and you invest more in America than you do in any other nation, creating good jobs in both countries. 在澳大利亚和美国,我们理解这些原则。我们是地球上最开放的经济体之一。在我们具有里程碑意义的贸易协定签署六年之后,我们之间的贸易蓬勃发展。我们的工人正在创造新的伙伴关系和新的产品,就像我们在维多利亚州共同建造的先进飞机技术。我们是澳大利亚最大的投资国,而你们在美国的投资超过在其他任何国家的投资,在两国都创造了良好的就业机会。

We recognize that economic partnerships can’t just be about one nation extracting another’s resources. We understand that no long-term strategy for growth can be imposed from above. Real prosperity -- prosperity that fosters innovation, and prosperity that endures -- comes from unleashing our greatest economic resource, and that’s the entrepreneurial spirit, the talents of our people. 我们认识到,经济伙伴关系不能仅仅是一个国家攫取另一个国家的资源。我们明白,没有任何长期增长战略可以自上而下地强加。真正的繁荣——促进创新的繁荣、持久的繁荣——来自于释放我们最伟大的经济资源,那就是人民的创业精神和才能。

So even as America competes aggressively in Asian markets, we’re forging the economic partnerships that create opportunity for all. Building on our historic trade agreement with South Korea, we’re working with Australia and our other APEC partners to create a seamless regional economy. And with Australia and other partners, we’re on track to achieve our most ambitious trade agreement yet, and a potential model for the entire region -- the Trans-Pacific Partnership. 因此,即使美国在亚洲市场积极竞争,我们仍在打造为所有人创造机会的经济伙伴关系。在我们与韩国的历史性贸易协定基础上,我们正与澳大利亚和其他亚太经合组织伙伴合作,创建一个无缝的区域经济体。与澳大利亚和其他伙伴一起,我们有望达成迄今最具雄心的贸易协定,也是整个地区的潜在范本——跨太平洋伙伴关系。

The United States remains the world’s largest and most dynamic economy. But in an interconnected world, we all rise and fall together. That’s why I pushed so hard to put the G20 at the front and center of global economic decision-making -- to give more nations a leadership role in managing the international economy, including Australia. And together, we saved the world economy from a depression. And now, our urgent challenge is to create the growth that puts people to work. 美国仍然是世界上最大和最具活力的经济体。但在一个相互联系的世界中,我们同起同落。这就是为什么我如此努力地推动将二十国集团置于全球经济决策的中心——让更多国家在管理国际经济中发挥领导作用,包括澳大利亚。我们共同努力,拯救了世界经济免于萧条。现在,我们面临的紧迫挑战是创造让人们就业的增长。

We need growth that is fair, where every nation plays by the rules; where workers rights are respected, and our businesses can compete on a level playing field; where the intellectual property and new technologies that fuel innovation are protected; and where currencies are market driven so no nation has an unfair advantage. 我们需要公平的增长,每个国家都遵守规则;工人权利得到尊重,我们的企业能在公平的竞争环境中竞争;推动创新的知识产权和新技术得到保护;货币由市场驱动,使没有国家拥有不公平的优势。

We also need growth that is broad -- not just for the few, but for the many -- with reforms that protect consumers from abuse and a global commitment to end the corruption that stifles growth. We need growth that is balanced, because we will all prosper more when countries with large surpluses take action to boost demand at home. 我们还需要广泛的增长——不仅为少数人,而是为多数人——通过改革保护消费者免受滥用,并以全球承诺终结扼杀增长的腐败。我们需要平衡的增长,因为当拥有大量顺差的国家采取行动刺激国内需求时,我们所有人都会更加繁荣。

And we need growth that is sustainable. This includes the clean energy that creates green jobs and combats climate change, which cannot be denied. We see it in the stronger fires, the devastating floods, the Pacific islands confronting rising seas. And as countries with large carbon footprints, the United States and Australia have a special responsibility to lead. 我们还需要可持续的增长。这包括创造绿色就业和应对气候变化的清洁能源,气候变化的影响不容否认。我们在更猛烈的火灾、毁灭性的洪水中看到它,在面临海平面上升的太平洋岛屿上看到它。作为碳足迹较大的国家,美国和澳大利亚有特殊的领导责任。

Every nation will contribute to the solution in its own way -- and I know this issue is not without controversy, in both our countries. But what we can do -- and what we are doing -- is to work together to make unprecedented investments in clean energy, to increase energy efficiency, and to meet the commitments we made at Copenhagen and Cancun. We can do this, and we will. 每个国家都将以自己的方式为解决方案做出贡献——我知道这个问题在我们两国都存在争议。但我们能做的——也是我们正在做的——是共同努力对清洁能源进行前所未有的投资,提高能源效率,并兑现我们在哥本哈根和坎昆做出的承诺。我们可以做到,我们将会做到。

As we grow our economies, we’ll also remember the link between growth and good governance -- the rule of law, transparent institutions, the equal administration of justice. Because history shows that, over the long run, democracy and economic growth go hand in hand. And prosperity without freedom is just another form of poverty. 在发展经济的同时,我们也将铭记增长与良好治理之间的联系——法治、透明的制度、平等的司法。因为历史表明,从长远来看,民主和经济增长是相辅相成的。没有自由的繁荣只是另一种形式的贫困。

And this brings me to the final area where we are leading -- our support for the fundamental rights of every human being. Every nation will chart its own course. Yet it is also true that certain rights are universal; among them, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and the freedom of citizens to choose their own leaders. 这引出了我们发挥领导作用的最后一个领域——我们对每个人基本权利的支持。每个国家都将走自己的道路。但同样正确的是,某些权利是普遍的;其中包括言论自由、新闻自由、集会自由、宗教信仰自由,以及公民选择自己领导人的自由。

These are not American rights, or Australian rights, or Western rights. These are human rights. They stir in every soul, as we’ve seen in the democracies that have succeeded here in Asia. Other models have been tried and they have failed -- fascism and communism, rule by one man and rule by committee. And they failed for the same simple reason: They ignore the ultimate source of power and legitimacy -- the will of the people. Yes, democracy can be messy and rough -- I understand you mix it up quite well during Question Time. 这些不是美国的权利,或澳大利亚的权利,或西方的权利。这些是人权。它们在每个人的灵魂中激荡,正如我们在亚洲成功的民主国家中所看到的。其他模式曾被尝试过,也失败了——法西斯主义和共产主义,一人统治和委员会统治。它们失败的原因同样简单:它们忽视了权力和合法性的最终来源——人民的意志。是的,民主可以是混乱和粗犷的——我理解你们在质询时间中交锋得相当激烈。

But whatever our differences of party or of ideology, we know in our democracies we are blessed with the greatest form of government ever known to man. 但无论我们存在怎样的党派或意识形态分歧,我们深知在我们的民主制度中,我们有幸拥有人类有史以来最伟大的政府形式。

So as two great democracies, we speak up for those freedoms when they are threatened. We partner with emerging democracies, like Indonesia, to help strengthen the institutions upon which good governance depends. We encourage open government, because democracies depend on an informed and active citizenry. We help strengthen civil societies, because they empower our citizens to hold their governments accountable. 因此,作为两个伟大的民主国家,当这些自由受到威胁时,我们为之发声。我们与印度尼西亚等新兴民主国家合作,帮助加强良好治理所依赖的制度。我们鼓励开放政府,因为民主依赖于知情和积极的公民。我们帮助加强公民社会,因为它们使我们的公民能够追究政府的责任。

And we advance the rights of all people -- women, minorities and indigenous cultures -- because when societies harness the potential of all their citizens, these societies are more successful, they are more prosperous and they are more just. 我们还推进所有人的权利——女性、少数族裔和原住民文化——因为当社会发挥所有公民的潜力时,这些社会更加成功,更加繁荣,更加公正。

These principles have guided our approach to Burma, with a combination of sanctions and engagement. And today, Aung San Suu Kyi is free from house arrest. Some political prisoners have been released, and the government has begun a dialogue. Still, violations of human rights persist. So we will continue to speak clearly about the steps that must be taken for the government of Burma to have a better relationship with the United States. 这些原则指导着我们对缅甸的态度,结合制裁和接触。今天,昂山素季已获释解除软禁。一些政治犯已被释放,政府已开始对话。然而,侵犯人权的行为仍然存在。因此,我们将继续明确指出缅甸政府必须采取的步骤,才能与美国建立更好的关系。

This is the future we seek in the Asia Pacific -- security, prosperity and dignity for all. That’s what we stand for. That’s who we are. That’s the future we will pursue, in partnership with allies and friends, and with every element of American power. So let there be no doubt: In the Asia Pacific in the 21st century, the United States of America is all in. 这就是我们在亚太地区追求的未来——所有人的安全、繁荣和尊严。这就是我们的立场。这就是我们的本质。这就是我们将与盟友和朋友一起、运用美国力量的每一个要素去追求的未来。因此请勿怀疑:在二十一世纪的亚太地区,美利坚合众国将全力以赴。

Still, in times of great change and uncertainty, the future can seem unsettling. Across a vast ocean, it’s impossible to know what lies beyond the horizon. But if this vast region and its people teach us anything, it’s the yearning for liberty and progress will not be denied. 然而,在巨大的变革和不确定性时期,未来似乎令人不安。在广阔的海洋彼岸,不可能知道地平线之外有什么。但如果这个广袤的地区及其人民教会了我们什么,那就是对自由和进步的渴望不可阻挡。

It’s why women in this country demanded that their voices be heard, making Australia the first nation to let women vote and run for parliament and, one day, become Prime Minister. It’s why the people took to the streets -- from Delhi to Seoul, from Manila to Jakarta -- to throw off colonialism and dictatorship and build some of the world’s largest democracies. 正因如此,这个国家的女性要求她们的声音被听到,使澳大利亚成为第一个允许女性投票和竞选议会、并有一天成为总理的国家。正因如此,人民走上街头——从德里到首尔,从马尼拉到雅加达——摆脱殖民主义和独裁统治,建立了世界上一些最大的民主国家。

It’s why a soldier in a watchtower along the DMZ defends a free people in the South, and why a man from the North risks his life to escape across the border. Why soldiers in blue helmets keep the peace in a new nation. And why women of courage go into brothels to save young girls from modern-day slavery, which must come to an end. 正因如此,一名士兵在非军事区的瞭望塔上保卫南方的自由人民,一名北方男子冒着生命危险越境逃亡。戴蓝色头盔的士兵在一个新国家维护和平。勇敢的女性走进妓院拯救年轻女孩免遭现代奴役,这种奴役必须终结。

It’s why men of peace in saffron robes faced beatings and bullets, and why every day -- from some of the world’s largest cities to dusty rural towns, in small acts of courage the world may never see -- a student posts a blog; a citizen signs a charter; an activist remains unbowed, imprisoned in his home, just to have the same rights that we cherish here today. 正因如此,身披藏红色袈裟的和平之士面对殴打和子弹,正因如此,每一天——从世界上一些最大的城市到尘土飞扬的乡镇,在世人或许永远看不到的微小勇气中——一个学生发布博客;一个公民签署请愿书;一个活动人士不屈不挠,被囚禁在家中,只为争取我们今天在此珍视的同样权利。

Men and women like these know what the world must never forget. The currents of history may ebb and flow, but over time they move -- decidedly, decisively -- in a single direction. History is on the side of the free -- free societies, free governments, free economies, free people. And the future belongs to those who stand firm for those ideals, in this region and around the world. 这样的男女知道世界永远不应忘记什么。历史的潮流可能时起时落,但随着时间的推移,它们——坚定地、果断地——朝着一个方向前进。历史站在自由的一边——自由的社会、自由的政府、自由的经济、自由的人民。未来属于那些在这一地区和世界各地坚守这些理想的人。

This is the story of the alliance we celebrate today. This is the essence of America’s leadership; it is the essence of our partnership. This is the work we will carry on together, for the security and prosperity and dignity of all people. 这就是我们今天庆祝的联盟的故事。这就是美国领导力的精髓;这就是我们伙伴关系的精髓。这就是我们将共同推进的事业,为了所有人的安全、繁荣和尊严。

So God bless Australia. God bless America. And God bless the friendship between our two peoples. 愿上帝保佑澳大利亚。愿上帝保佑美国。愿上帝保佑两国人民之间的友谊。

Thank you very much. 非常感谢。

foreign policyAsia PacificUS-Australia alliancestrategic pivot

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Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

Barack Obama(巴拉克·奥巴马)

美国首位非裔总统,第四十四任总统

出生:1961国籍:美国

巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)是美国第四十四任总统,也是美国历史上首位非裔美国人总统。他于1961年出生于夏威夷州,在2008年历史性当选总统之前曾担任伊利诺伊州参议员。在他的两届任期(2009-2017年)内,奥巴马总统取得了重大成就:通过《平价医疗法案》(奥巴马医改)使2000万美国人获得医疗保险,在2008年金融危机后改革金融监管体系,下令击毙本·拉登,结束美国在伊拉克的作战行动,推动全美同性婚姻合法化,恢复与古巴的外交关系,并通过《巴黎协定》领导全球应对气候变化的努力。他的总统任期被广泛认为是美国政治史上的重要里程碑,以希望、团结和变革的信息为特征。

「是的,我们能!」

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