Statement to the Court(法庭陈述)

演讲内容

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演讲背景:1918年9月14日,尤金·V·德布斯在美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰联邦法院发表了这篇著名的法庭陈述。德布斯是美国社会主义运动的杰出领袖,因反对第一次世界大战并发表反战演讲,被指控违反《反间谍法》而受审。在这篇演讲中,德布斯坚定地阐述了他的社会主义信念,控诉资本主义制度对工人阶级的剥削,并表达了对社会变革的坚定信念。尽管他被判处十年监禁,但这篇演讲成为美国劳工运动史上的经典文献,激励了无数追求社会正义的人们。

Your Honor, years ago I recognized my kinship with all living beings, and I made up my mind that I was not one bit better than the meanest on earth. I said then, and I say now, that while there is a lower class, I am in it, and while there is a criminal element I am of it, and while there is a soul in prison, I am not free. 法官大人,多年前我意识到我与所有生命的亲缘关系,我下定决心,我并不比地球上最卑微的人好一点。我当时这么说,现在也这么说:只要还有下层阶级,我就是其中一员;只要还有犯罪阶层,我就是其中一员;只要监狱里还有一个灵魂,我就不是自由的。

I listened to all that was said in this court in support and justification of this prosecution, but my mind remains unchanged. I look upon the Espionage Law as a despotic enactment in flagrant conflict with democratic principles and with the spirit of free institutions. 我聆听了法庭上所有支持和辩护这次起诉的言论,但我的想法依然没有改变。我认为《反间谍法》是一项专制的法令,公然违反了民主原则和自由制度的精神。

Your Honor, I have stated in this court that I am opposed to the social system in which we live; that I believe in a fundamental change -- but if possible by peaceable and orderly means. 法官大人,我在法庭上已经声明,我反对我们所生活的社会制度;我相信根本的变革——但如果可能的话,通过和平有序的方式。

Standing here this morning, I recall my boyhood. At fourteen I went to work in a railroad shop; at sixteen I was firing a freight engine on a railroad. I remember all the hardships and privations of that earlier day, and from that time until now my heart has been with the working class. I could have been in Congress long ago. I have preferred to go to prison. 今天早上站在这里,我回忆起我的童年。14岁时我去铁路工厂工作;16岁时我成为一名火车司炉工。我记得那个早期日子里所有的艰辛和贫困,从那时到现在,我的心一直与工人阶级在一起。我很久以前就可以进入国会。我宁愿去坐牢。

I am thinking this morning of the men in the mills and the factories; of the men in the mines and on the railroads. I am thinking of the women who for a paltry wage are compelled to work out their barren lives; of the little children who in this system are robbed of their childhood and in their tender years are seized in the remorseless grasp of Mammon and forced into the industrial dungeons, there to feed the monster machines while they themselves are being starved and stunted, body and soul. 今天早上我想到了工厂和作坊里的男人们;想到了矿山和铁路上的男人们。我想到了那些为了微薄的工资被迫耗尽她们贫瘠生命的妇女们;想到了那些在这个制度中被剥夺了童年、在稚嫩的年纪就被贪婪之神无情地抓住、被迫进入工业地牢的孩子们,在那里她们喂养着怪物般的机器,而她们自己却在肉体和灵魂上遭受着饥饿和摧残。

I see them dwarfed and diseased and their little lives broken and blasted because in this high noon of Christian civilization money is still so much more important than the flesh and blood of childhood. In very truth gold is god today and rules with pitiless sway in the affairs of men. 我看到她们变得矮小、患病,她们的小生命被摧毁和摧残,因为在这个基督教文明的正午,金钱仍然比童年的血肉重要得多。事实上,黄金今天就是上帝,在人类事务中无情地统治着。

In this country -- the most favored beneath the bending skies -- we have vast areas of the richest and most fertile soil, material resources in inexhaustible abundance, the most marvelous productive machinery on earth, and millions of eager workers ready to apply their labor to that machinery to produce in abundance for every man, woman, and child. 在这个国家——这片天空下最受眷顾的土地——我们拥有广阔的最肥沃的土壤,取之不尽的物质资源,地球上最神奇的生产机器,以及数百万渴望将自己的劳动应用于这些机器以生产足够供每一个男人、女人和孩子享用的产品的工人。

And if there are still vast numbers of our people who are the victims of poverty and whose lives are an unceasing struggle all the way from youth to old age, until at last death comes to their rescue and lulls these hapless victims to dreamless sleep, it is not the fault of the Almighty: it cannot be charged to nature, but it is due entirely to the outgrown social system in which we live that ought to be abolished not only in the interest of the toiling masses but in the higher interest of all humanity. 然而,如果仍然有大量的人民是贫困的受害者,他们的生命从青年到老年一直在不断挣扎,直到最后死亡来拯救他们,让这些不幸的受害者进入无梦的睡眠,这不是全能上帝的过错:这不能归咎于自然,而是完全归因于我们所生活的过时的社会制度,这个制度不仅应该为了劳苦大众的利益,而且应该为了全人类的更高利益而被废除。

I believe, Your Honor, in common with all Socialists, that this nation ought to own and control its own industries. I believe, as all Socialists do, that all things that are jointly needed and used ought to be jointly owned -- that industry, the basis of our social life, instead of being the private property of a few and operated for their enrichment, ought to be the common property of all, democratically administered in the interest of all. 法官大人,与所有社会主义者一样,我相信这个国家应该拥有并控制自己的工业。与所有社会主义者一样,我相信所有共同需要和使用的东西都应该共同拥有——工业,作为我们社会生活的基础,不应是少数人的私有财产并为他们的致富而运作,而应该是所有人的共同财产,由民主管理,为所有人的利益服务。

I am opposing a social order in which it is possible for one man who does absolutely nothing that is useful to amass a fortune of hundreds of millions of dollars, while millions of men and women who work all the days of their lives secure barely enough for a wretched existence. 我反对这样一种社会秩序:在这种秩序中,一个什么有用的事情都不做的人可以积累数亿美元的财富,而数百万日夜工作的男女却只能勉强维持悲惨的生计。

This order of things cannot always endure. I have registered my protest against it. I recognize the feebleness of my effort, but, fortunately, I am not alone. There are multiplied thousands of others who, like myself, have come to realize that before we may truly enjoy the blessings of civilized life, we must reorganize society upon a mutual and cooperative basis; and to this end we have organized a great economic and political movement that spreads over the face of all the earth. 这种秩序不可能永远存在。我已经对此表示了抗议。我认识到我的努力是微弱的,但幸运的是,我并不孤单。有成千上万的其他人,像我一样,已经意识到在我们真正享受文明生活的福祉之前,我们必须在相互合作的基础上重组社会;为此,我们组织了一场伟大的经济和政治运动,遍布地球的每一个角落。

There are today upwards of sixty millions of Socialists, loyal, devoted adherents to this cause, regardless of nationality, race, creed, color, or sex. They are all making common cause. They are spreading with tireless energy the propaganda of the new social order. They are waiting, watching, and working hopefully through all the hours of the day and the night. 今天有超过六千万的社会主义者,忠诚、热忱地投身于这一事业,不分国籍、种族、信仰、肤色或性别。他们都在共同奋斗。他们以不倦的精力传播新社会秩序的理念。他们日夜等待、观察、充满希望地工作着。

They are still in a minority. But they have learned how to be patient and to bide their time. They feel -- they know, indeed -- that the time is coming, in spite of all opposition, all persecution, when this emancipating gospel will spread among all the peoples, and when this minority will become the triumphant majority and, sweeping into power, inaugurate the greatest social and economic change in history. 他们仍然是少数派。但他们学会了耐心等待时机。他们感到——他们确实知道——尽管有一切反对和迫害,但这个解放福音将传播到所有民族中的时刻即将到来,那时这个少数派将成为胜利的多数派,席卷权力,开创历史上最伟大的社会和经济变革。

In that day we shall have the universal commonwealth -- the harmonious cooperation of every nation with every other nation on earth. 到那一天,我们将拥有普遍的联邦——地球上每个国家与其他所有国家的和谐合作。

Your Honor, I ask no mercy and I plead for no immunity. I realize that finally the right must prevail. I never so clearly comprehended as now the great struggle between the powers of greed and exploitation on the one hand and upon the other the rising hosts of industrial freedom and social justice. 法官大人,我不求宽恕,也不为自己辩解。我意识到正义最终必将胜利。我从未像现在这样清楚地理解贪婪和剥削的力量与工业自由和社会正义的兴起力量之间的伟大斗争。

I can see the dawn of the better day for humanity. The people are awakening. In due time they will and must come to their own. 我可以看到人类更美好日子的曙光。人民正在觉醒。在适当的时候,他们将并且必须获得自由。

When the mariner, sailing over tropic seas, looks for relief from his weary watch, he turns his eyes toward the southern cross, burning luridly above the tempest-vexed ocean. As the midnight approaches, the southern cross begins to bend, the whirling worlds change their places, and with starry fingerpoints the Almighty marks the passage of time upon the dial of the universe, and though no bell may beat the glad tidings, the lookout knows that the midnight is passing and that relief and rest are close at hand. 当水手在热带海洋上航行,渴望从疲惫的守望中得到休息时,他将目光投向南十字星,它在暴风雨肆虐的海洋上空炽烈燃烧。午夜临近时,南十字星开始下沉,旋转的世界改变了它们的位置,万能的上帝用星光点点的手指在宇宙的表盘上标记着时间的流逝,虽然没有钟声敲响这一喜讯,但瞭望员知道午夜即将过去,休息和安宁就在眼前。

Let the people everywhere take heart of hope, for the cross is bending, the midnight is passing, and joy cometh with the morning. 让各地的人民满怀希望,因为十字正在下沉,午夜正在过去,黎明即将带来欢乐。

I am now prepared to receive your sentence. 我现在准备接受您的判决。

anti-warcivil disobediencesocialismlabor movement

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Eugene Victor Debs(尤金·维克多·德布斯)

美国社会主义运动领袖

出生1855国籍美国

尤金·维克多·德布斯(1855-1926)是美国社会主义运动和劳工运动的杰出领袖。他出身工人家庭,14岁开始在铁路工厂工作,16岁成为火车司炉工。德布斯是美国铁路工会的创始人之一,并领导了1894年的普尔曼罢工。他是美国社会党的创始人,曾五次作为社会主义候选人竞选美国总统。1918年,他因反对第一次世界大战被判处十年监禁,在狱中仍继续为工人阶级的权益而奋斗。德布斯被誉为美国劳工运动史上最伟大的演说家之一,他的演讲充满激情和感染力,激励了无数工人为争取权益而斗争。

只要还有下层阶级,我就是其中一员;只要还有犯罪阶层,我就是其中一员;只要监狱里还有一个灵魂,我就不是自由的。

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