Andrew Johnson's 1865 Inaugural Address(安德鲁·约翰逊1865年就职演说)

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演讲背景:1865年4月15日,安德鲁·约翰逊在亚伯拉罕·林肯遇刺身亡后,在华盛顿特区的柯克伍德酒店宣誓就职,成为美国第十七任总统。这是美国历史上第一次由副总统因总统遇刺而接任总统职位。当时美国内战已接近尾声,南方邦联即将投降,国家面临着战后重建的巨大挑战。约翰逊来自田纳西州,是内战期间唯一保持对联邦忠诚的南方州长,因此被林肯选为副总统以促进国家团结。他的就职演说简短而庄重,表达了对林肯遇刺的悲痛和继续林肯政策的决心。然而,他随后推行的重建政策对南方过于宽容,允许前邦联领导人重新掌权,引发了与激进共和党控制的国会之间的激烈冲突。1868年,众议院以11项罪名弹劾约翰逊,使他成为美国历史上第一位被弹劾的总统,尽管参议院以一票之差未能将他免职。

GENTLEMEN: I must be permitted to say that I have been almost overwhelmed by the announcement of the sad event which has so recently occurred. I feel incompetent to perform duties so important and responsible as those which have been so unexpectedly thrown upon me. As to an indication of any policy which may be pursued by me in the administration of the Government, I have to say that that must be left for development as the Administration progresses. The message or declaration must be made by the acts as they transpire.

The only assurance that I can now give of the future is reference to the past. The course which I have taken in the past in connection with this rebellion must be regarded as a guaranty of the future. My past public life, which has been long and laborious, has been founded, as I in good conscience believe, upon a great principle of right, which lies at the basis of all things.

The best energies of my life have been spent in endeavoring to establish and perpetuate the principles of free government, and I believe that the Government in passing through its present perils will settle down upon principles consonant with popular rights more permanent and enduring than heretofore. I must be permitted to say, if I understand the feelings of my own heart, that I have long labored to ameliorate and elevate the condition of the great mass of the American people.

Toil and an honest advocacy of the great principles of free government have been my lot. Duties have been mine; consequences are God's. This has been the foundation of my political creed, and I feel that in the end the Government will triumph and that these great principles will be permanently established.

In conclusion, gentlemen, let me say that I want your encouragement and countenance. I shall ask and rely upon you and others in carrying the Government through its present perils. I feel in making this request that it will be heartily responded to by you and all other patriots and lovers of the rights and interests of a free people.

presidentialjohnsonsuccession

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Andrew Johnson(安德鲁·约翰逊)

Andrew Johnson(安德鲁·约翰逊)

美国首位被弹劾总统,第十七任总统

出生1808国籍美国

安德鲁·约翰逊(Andrew Johnson)是美国第十七任总统,任期1865年至1869年。他于1808年出生于北卡罗来纳州,是美国历史上出身最卑微的总统之一,从未接受过正式教育。他在进入政坛前曾是一名裁缝。内战期间,他作为田纳西州州长保持对联邦的忠诚。1865年4月15日林肯遇刺后,他成为总统并负责重建工作的早期阶段。他对南方的宽容政策(旨在以最少的条件迅速恢复前邦联州的地位)遭到国会共和党人的反对。1868年,众议院以11项罪名弹劾他,使他成为美国历史上第一位被弹劾的总统。参议院以一票之差未能将他免职。他于1875年去世。

重建是国家的责任。

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